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Additional file 2.

Additional file 1.

Background Measures of the sonorheometry based Quantra® viscoelastic hemostatic analyzer (HemoSonics, LCC, Charlottesville, VA, USA) were compared with corresponding results of the ROTEM® sigma device (Instrumentation Laboratory, Bedford, MA, USA). Methods In thirty-eight patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery between December 2018 and October 2019, blood samples were taken after induction of anesthesia (sample 1) and after heparin neutralization (sample 2) and measured on Quantra (QPlus® Cartridge) and ROTEM sigma (ROTEM® sigma complete + hep Cartridge). Clot times and clot stiffness values were recorded. Clot stiffness values of ROTEM amplitudes (A in mm) were converted to shear modulus (G) in hectoPascal (hPa): G (hPa) = (5 x A)/(100-A). Additionally, time-to-results was recorded. Spearman rank test correlation and Bland Altman analysis were performed. Results Clot stiffness parameters of the Quantra correlated strongly with corresponding measurements of the ROTEM with r = 0.93 and 0.94 for EXTEM A10 vs CS and r = 0.94 and 0.96 for FIBTEM A10 vs FCS for sample 1 and 2, respectively. Quantra clot time correlated strongly with ROTEM INTEM CT with r = 0.71 for sample 1 and r = 0.75 for sample 2. However, Bland Altman analysis showed no agreement in all compared assays of both methods. The median time to delivery of first and complete results was significantly shorter for Quantra (412 and 658 s) compared to ROTEM sigma (839 and 1290 s). Conclusions The Quantra showed a strong correlation with the ROTEM sigma for determining clot times and clot stiffness and the parameters assess similar aspects of clot development. However, these parameters are not directly interchangeable and implicate that separate cut-off values need to be established for users of the Quantra device. Word count: 278. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04210830) at December 20th 2019.

The Masimo Radical-7 Pulse CO-Oximeter (Masimo Corp., USA) non-invasively computes hemoglobin concentration (SpHb). SpHb was compared to Co-Oximeter readings (CoOxHb) of arterial samples in surgery patients of the emergency department. Forty-six patients were enrolled. The Masimo R1 25L (revision F and G) adult adhesive sensor was attached to the ring finger of the arterially cannulated hand. Before start, every 30 min during surgery and in the case of severe bleeding SpHb and CoOxHb values were documented. SpHb and post hoc adjusted SpHb (AdSpHb) values were analyzed. Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot for agreement were performed. The detection failure rate of SpHb was 24.5 %. CoOxHb and SpHb showed a strong correlation (r = +0.81), but agreement was moderate [bias (LOA) of -0.6 (-3.0; +1.9)] g/dl. Positive and negative predicted value was 0.49 and 0.69. Exclusion of changes of CoOxHb values ≤1 g/dl resulted in a positive and negative predictive value of 0.66 and 1.00. Post hoc adjustment of the SpHb (AdSpHb) improved linear correlation of CoOxHb and AdSpHb [r = +0.90 (p

To assess the impact of short time hypnosis for retro-bulbar anesthesia on ventilation in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery of the anterior eye chamber. In all patients, a combined continuous transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO2) and partial oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurement was applied in addition to routine monitoring. To enable unconscious application of retro-bulbar anesthesia, intravenous thiopental was given in one to multiple bolus doses. Transient breathing support included chin lift, Esmarch maneuver and manual hand-bag ventilation via face mask. Main endpoints were apnea time, recovery time according to the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, as well as SpO2 and PtcCO2 readings at predefined time points. Fifty-two patients with a mean age of 68 ± 13 years were included. Average thiopental dose was 2.7 ± 0.6 mg/kg. In seven (13.5%) patients repeated doses of thiopental were necessary to a total of 3.3 ± 1.1 mg/kg. Except one patient, no severe, significant or clinical relevant hypercapnia or desaturation periods were observed, and the occurring elevation of PtcCO2 values did not correlate with the application of repeated doses of thiopental or the need for the Esmarch maneuver. Higher PtcCO2 values were associated with the presence of hypertension and smoking. Apnea (p

We studied the impact of transcutaneous continuous carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO2) monitoring on ventilation and oxygenation during monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) in patients scheduled for shoulder surgery with continuous interscalene block. 50 patients were randomised either to the intervention (I-group) or the control (C-group) group. In both groups MAC was performed using target controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil. MAC regimen was adapted to PtcCO2 values in the I-group, whereas the C-group was blinded for these values. Primary outcome was the incidence, degree and duration of hypoventilation stages. In the I-group and the C-group the mean ± SD [range] of PtcCO2 and PaCO2 was 5.79 ± 0.84 [4.37] and 5.44 ± 0.59 [2.78] kPa, as well as 6.41 ± 1.17 [6.29] and 6.01 ± 0.96 [7.15] kPa. Periods of PtcCO2/PaCO2 > 6.5 kPa were 21.0 ± 35.7/1.2 ± 4.2 min in the I-group and 45.6 ± 40.0/18.6 ± 26.8 min in the C-group. Severe hypercapnia (PtcCO2 and/or PaCO2 > 7.5 kPa) was dected in 3/0 patients of the I-group and in 10/3 patients of the C-group. PtcCO2 and PaCO2 showed a strong correlation (r = 0.78), but only moderate agreement with a mean bias (LOA) of −0.37 (−1.69; +0.95) kPa showing an overestimation of the PaCO2. Sensitivity and specificity of PtcCO2 to detect changes of PaCO2 was 0.94 and 0.56, respectively. In no patient SpO2 or SaO2 values lower than 90 % were measured. Despite a moderate agreement between PaCO2 and PtcCO2 the PtcCO2 monitoring significantly reduced incidence, degree and duration of hypercapnia in shoulder surgery patients with MAC.

Objective: To assess the agreement between a novel approach of arterial and the pulmonary artery bolus thermodilution for measuring cardiac output in critically ill patients during aortic counterpulsation. Methods: Eighteen male patients aged 37-80years, undergoing preoperative insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and elective coronary artery bypass grafting. A thin 1.3FG thermistor was introduced through the pressure lumen to the tip of an 8FG IABP catheter, and the pump rate was set at 1:1. After arrival in the intensive care unit cardiac output (CO) was measured under haemodynamic steady-state conditions hourly for 8-11h, and arterial bolus thermodilution (BCOiabp) and pulmonary artery bolus thermodilution (BCOpulm) were determined after the patients' admission to the intensive care unit. Results: A total of 198 data pairs were obtained: 177 with aortic counterpulsation and 21 without. During aortic counterpulsation, median CO was 6.8l/min for BCOiabp and 6.1l/min for BCOpulm, without aortic counterpulsation; corresponding values were 7.1l/min for BCOiabp and 6.5l/min for BCOpulm with aortic counterpulsation. Mean bias was +0.77l/min, limits of agreement ( ± 2SD) were -1.27/+2.81l/min, and mean error (2SD/[(BCOiabp+BCOpulm)/2] was 31.4%. Without aortic counterpulsation, corresponding values were +0.43l/min, -1.03/+1.87l/min, and 22.4%. Conclusions: Agreement between BCOiabp and BCOpulm was satisfactory for CO values between 2.0 and 10l/min only without aortic counterpulsation. BCOiabp CO measurements during aortic counterpulsation after coronary artery bypass grafting cannot be recommended at the present time

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the V-Sign digital sensor (SenTec AG, Therweil, Switzerland) for combined noninvasive assessment of pulse oxymetric oxygen saturation (SpO2) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO2) in adults after cardiac surgery. Methods: In twenty one patients, aged 51-86years, simultaneous measurements of blood gases with the V-Sign Sensor and with two Nellcor Durasensors (model DS-100A), one at the opposite earlobe and one with a finger clip, were compared first during hyper-, normo- and hypocapnia and at different pulse rates using a pacemaker, and then at 2-h intervals up to 8h. Agreement was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. Results: PtcCO2 data of three patients were excluded because of calibration failure of the device. Median (range) PtcCO2 for the remaining patients was 5.49 (3.3-7.6) kPa and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) was 5.43 (3.61-7.41) kPa. Corresponding mean bias was +0.05kPa and limits of agreement (LOA) were −1.2/+1.3kPa. During normo- and hypoventilation, mean bias was good at +0.02 and +0.04kPa respectively, but limits of agreement were poor at −0.67/+0.69 and −0.81/+0.88kPa. In 10 patients, an initial overshoot of PtcCO2 was observed. Mean bias of SpO2 and pulse rate was close to zero (−1.5% and +0.001bpm respectively), but limits of agreement were unacceptably high (−21.4/+18.4% and −22.3/+22.3bpm). Conclusions: In the present state of development the SenTeC Digital monitor V-Sign device has serious limitations. Additional efforts are necessary to eliminate calibration failures and the initial overshoot of PtcCO2 as well as to improve detection of SpO2 and pulse rate