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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of chicken spleen transfer factor (TF) on the structure of intestinal epithelial cells in different age groups. One-day-old White Leghorns laying hens were randomly divided into four groups: three groups were administered TF at different dosages (0.10, 0.25 or 1.00 mL) and a fourth group was set as control (administered saline, 1.00 mL). Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, high-throughput sequencing, microbiota analysis, quantitative polymerase reaction and western blotting.We measured the effects of different doses of TF on the following: intestinal mucosal epithelial tissue morphology, intestinal mucosal epithelial barrier-related gene expression profiles, and intestinal epithelial tight junction gene protein levels. The collected data show that TF can improve the absorption of nutrients by increasing villus height and crypt depth, and regulate intestinal flora disorders. Furthermore, we verified that the expression of the claudin and occludin tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells was increased with TF. this research is very important for focusing on the structure and gene expression of intestinal tissues.The results provide a scientific rationale for feeding and nutrition programs for green and healthy farming, as well as technical support to improve the production efficiency of the livestock and poultry breeding industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Royal jelly (RJ) is a natural bee product that contains a variety of biologically active ingredients and has antitumor, antiallergic, antibacterial and immune-regulating effects. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. With this study, we aimed to explore the protective effect of RJ on DSS-induced colitis in mice. The physiochemical parameters (water, protein, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, total sugar, starch, ash and acidity) of the RJ samples used in this study met the requirements of the international and Chinese national standards. Treatment with RJ improved symptoms and colonic cell apoptosis and decreased intestinal permeability by increasing the expression of tight-junction protein, goblet cells and their secretion mucin, MUC2, in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice. RJ also reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and sIgA. DSS resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Erysipelotrichaceae, Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales and Enterobacteriaceae) and Escherichia Shigella in the colon and a decrease in the relative abundance of Muribaculum. In the RJ treatment group, the relative abundance of the above intestinal flora was improved by treatment with 2.0 g/kg RJ. These results suggested that RJ alleviated DSS-induced colitis by improving the colonic mucosal barrier.

GaSbS–AgI–Ag2S glass system was successfully prepared through the traditional method of vacuum melt quenching. The network structure and physical properties of the system response to the substitution of AgI with Ag2S were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Raman, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. The glass transition temperature (Tg), density and hardness of the glass system improved as Ag2S content was increased. The ionic conductivity (room temperature) of the glass system was maintained at the order of ~10−4 S/cm when a high concentration of Ag+ was introduced in the glass matrix. The variation in conductivity originated from structural changes in ionic channels. The optimal glass composition for improving the mechanical and thermal stability and conductivity of solid-state electrolyte materials was inferred from analytical results.

A new glass system of (100-x) (0.2Ga2S3-0.8Sb2S3)-xNaI (x = 5–30 mol%) was investigated through a melt-quenching method for solid-state electrolyte application. Na+ was added into the glass matrix as a conductive ion to study its effect on the properties of glass samples. XRD result indicated that the glasses retained their amorphous state until the NaI content exceeded 30 mol%. With increased NaI component, the density and hardness of glasses slightly decreased. DSC measurement showed that the glass-transition temperature of samples decreased, whereas the glass thermal stability improved. We speculated that the incorporation of NaI may have caused the destruction of [S3Ga–GaS3] ethane-like units and formation of [GaS4−xIx] structure, thereby decreasing the connectivity of the glass network. The conductivity of glass samples was further determined using the AC impedance method.

Royal jelly (RJ) is a kind of bee product widely used in cosmetics, medicine and other fields. Not only can RJ regulate the physiological function of bee population, but also play a specific biological role in many diseases. This paper overviews the main active ingredients in the functional food RJ, including major royal jelly protein, fatty acids, phenols, flavonoids, etc, and summarizes the active role of RJ in the maintenance of human health, such as the regulation of immunity, lifespan, memory, digestive system, blood glucose, obesity, antibacterial and anti-cancer effect, among which the regulation of memory can be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These findings will benefit for comprehensive understanding and use of RJ, hence making it more effective in maintaining health.

International audience; Ion-conducting chalcogenide glass is a promising solid electrolyte with excellent conductivity and energy density for all-solid-state batteries. A suitable ionic channel for carriers in the amorphous network is urgently needed. In this work, the structural evolution of co-doped metal cations (Ge and Ga) in the glass matrix and its influence on electrochemical behavior were studied using a series of GexGa16-xSb64S128-40AgI glass samples. The macroscopic properties of samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Raman tests. The electrochemical behavior of samples was investigated by AC impendence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. Furthermore, a deliquescence experiment was applied for the chemical stability test of glass samples. The ionic conductivity of samples was developed by adding Ga components. Notably, the electrochemical window of electrolytes was remarkably wide at approximately 5 V. The resistance of samples to humidity was characterized by the decreased Raman peaks. Analysis results show that the Ga-related bonding structure evidently increased the chemical stability compared with the non-Ga sample. This work provides an insight into the effective and stable ions transport, especially in the Ge(Ga)SbS glass system. These results promote the further investigation of sulfide solid electrolytes and practical application of all-solid-state batteries.

International audience; The use of ion-conducting chalcogenide glass, a promising solid electrolyte, is encouraged at higher conductivity for all-solid-state rechargeable battery. Herein, a new quaternary glass of GaGeSbS–AgI system was successfully prepared, and its structural and electrochemical properties were investigated by XRD, Raman, and AC impendence measurement. The relatively high conductivity of 2.955 × 10−3 S/cm and low activation energy of 0.07 eV were obtained after optimized structure regulation. The short-range schematic of the glass structure was explored to determine the fast-migrating mechanism involved in conducting Ag+ ions. By controlling the proper ratio of Ga(Ge) and Sb cations, the loose and porous layer structure of [SbSxI3-x] linking by the [Ga(Ge)S4] tetrahedron was formed, resulting in the rapid transport of Ag+ ions with a reduced migration energy barrier. The current work is the first time that a sulfide solid electrolyte in quaternary glass system with desirable electrochemical characteristics was used to address energy and safety issues. © 2020

International audience; AgI-based Ge-Sb-S, Ga-Sb-S, and Ge-Ga-Sb-S chalcogenide glasses were designed and prepared by melt-quenching, thereafter their thermal properties and conductive performance were comparatively investigated on the basis of their composition-induced network structures. Glass transition in each sample was examined by DSC measurements. Results showed that the samples containing Ge had a higher thermal stability than the Ga-Sb-S-AgI sample, and the Ge-Sb-S-AgI sample obtained had the highest conductivity ion. Raman spectrum analysis was performed, and the results indicated that the [GeS4-xIx] structural units and [SbS3-xIx] pyramids in the matrix produced effective ion transport channel for dissolved conductive Ag+ ions. In the matrix containing Ga, the [Ga(Ge)S4-xIx] structure was consumed by part of [S3Ga-GaS3] ethane-like units, which had no contribution to the ion transition framework. The study provided the directions for composition and structure configuration control in effective conductive chalcogenide glasses.