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Purpose This study aims to compare the friction and wear performance of commercial brake pads for four wheelers among metallic, semimetallic and non-asbestos organic (NAO) formulations to identify one with the right combination of properties for optimal performance. Design/methodology/approach Three commercially available brake pads for four-wheeler automotive applications were acquired. Samples were cut from the brake pads to study their physical and mechanical properties. The effects of friction and wear were analyzed using a pin-on-disk tribotester. Surface morphology on the worn-out surface of the brake pads was studied. Findings It was observed that the frictional properties remained stable and less fluctuating in the semimetallic and NAO pads, whereas the coefficient of friction of all the pads varied between 0.35 and 0.55. The wear rate of the metallic pads is less than that of NAO and semimetallic pads. The surface morphology studies revealed that the metallic pads contained more primary plateaus and smaller amounts of secondary plateaus compared to semimetallic and NAO pads, resulting in better wear resistance characteristics. Originality/value Because the market is flooded with various options for brake pad materials, it is imperative that the vehicle manufacturers choose the right pad material with great care not only to ensure the optimal functioning of the braking system but also passenger safety. Mechanical and tribological properties of brake pads contribute greatly to their effectiveness. There is a requirement to choose the proper material for a certain application that has a consistent friction coefficient and reduced wear.

Distal tibia fractures are frequently associated with an extensive soft tissue injury, leading to a higher risk of complications such as skin complications, infection, non-union, and eventually poor overall outcome. This study aims to measure the outcome of open/closed distal tibia fractures treated with minimally invasive internal fixation. We aim to propose an algorithm for the management of distal tibia fractures by evaluating the treatment options, outcomes, and risk factors present. This study is a case series study of all distal tibia fractures treated surgically in Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences, LB Nagar from 2018 to 2022. Patient records were reviewed to analyze the outcomes of surgical treatment and the risk factors associated with it.

Background: Trauma resulting from (RTA) road trafc accidents is a common cause of head damage now a days. Every victim to trauma who has lost consciousness should be checked for a brain damage. With the introduction of computed tomography (CT), radiological examination has changed dramatically since it can clearly characterize the kind and location of the culprit lesion(s). This is a cross-sectional study i Method: ncluding 250 patients who were hospitalized to our hospital's emergency department between October 2020 and October 2022. The ndings of a CT examination of the kind and location of the detected lesion are presented. CT scans has revealed sku Results: ll fractures (59.60%), intra-cerebral hematoma (45.20%), epidural hematoma (29.20%), subdural hematoma (19.60%), subarachnoid hematoma (28.40%), Cerebral edema (60.40%), midline shift (24%), pneumocranium (11.20%) and intra ventricular hemorrhage (10%) in our study. CT scan has detected and precisely localized the parenchymal damage of brain Conclusion: and effectively predicted the functional outcome

We report the first measurement of the differential cross section $d^{2}\sigma (E_{\nu})/ d\cos(\theta_{\mu}) dP_{\mu}$ for inclusive muon-neutrino charged-current scattering on argon. This measurement utilizes data from 6.4$\times10^{20}$ protons on target of exposure collected using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber located along the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam with a mean neutrino energy of approximately 0.8~GeV. The mapping from reconstructed kinematics to truth quantities, particularly from reconstructed to true neutrino energy, is validated by comparing the distribution of reconstructed hadronic energy in data to that of the model prediction in different muon scattering angle bins after conditional constraint from the muon momentum distribution in data. The success of this validation gives confidence that the missing energy in the MicroBooNE detector is well-modeled in simulation, enabling the unfolding to a triple-differential measurement over muon momentum, muon scattering angle, and neutrino energy. The unfolded measurement covers an extensive phase space, providing a wealth of information useful for future liquid argon time projection chamber experiments measuring neutrino oscillations. Comparisons against a number of commonly used model predictions are included and their performance in different parts of the available phase-space is discussed.

Software testing is an essential step in the software development process. Defects in software are mostly caused by newer technology, a lack of version control, and the complexity of systems. Because of these issues, the cost of software maintenance rises, as do its consequences. Manual testing necessitates the use of human labour to seek for and analyse data. As software systems get more complicated, automated software testing approaches are becoming increasingly important. Machine Learning approaches have proven extremely beneficial in automating this procedure. Machine learning is also utilised to find essential software testing variables that aid in forecasting software testing cost and time. Predicting testing effort, tracking process expenses, and measuring results all contribute to improve software testing efficiency. Previously, classification trees were used to identify key properties of software testing, and regression approaches were employed to categorise defective data sets. Our framework is useful for automating the software testing process.

The aluminum alloy are extensively used in several industrial applications. Stir casting is one of the most frequently accepted methods. In the present investigation, how the microstructure, mechanical and wear mechanics of A357 alloy were impacted by the presence of Sr/Ca was investigated. The outcomes revealed that addition of elements (Sr/Ca) enhance the microstructural features. Uniform dispersal of particulates (Sr/ Ca) in Al357 alloy and also the modified structure of silicon (Si) were observed. Hardness of modified alloy was evaluated by using hardness tester. A result reveals that hardness of modified alloy was improved by increasing in the Sr/Ca content. The wear rate of modified alloy was evaluated by using Pin and Disc wear test rig. Test trials were conducted according to Taguchi technique. L27 array was implemented for evaluation of data. The effect of varying parameters (factors) on wear loss and COF were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method. ANOVA outcomes shown that, the Sr/Ca content has a better significant impact on wear behavior and COF of the modified alloy. A wear fractography result shows the internal fracture structure of a wornout surface which was studied by SEM analysis.

Background- Acute Appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen. The initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis is based on clinical history and physical examination. Objectives- To determine the relationship between hyperbilirubinemia and acute appendicitis and to evaluate the usefulness of Serum Bilirubin as a diagnostic marker for acute appendicitis. Methods-It was Prospective study. Patients admitted with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis under the Department of Surgery in Vinayaka Mission’s KirupanandaVariyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem from January 2020 to October 2021. Convenient Sampling (Non-Probability) was used. The sample size was 100. Chi- square or Fischer exact test was used as test of significance. SPSS (Version 16.0) was used. Results-The mean Age among the subjects was 25.04 years ranging from 8 to 70 years. Among the subjects, 59 (59%) were Males and 41 (41%) were Females. Among the subjects, 81 (81%) had Acute Appendicitis and 19 (19%) had Appendicular Perforation.the patients with Direct bilirubin > 0.3 mg/dl, 15 (18.75%) had Appendicular Perforation and among the patients with Direct bilirubin < 0.3 mg/dl, 4 (20%) had Appendicular Perforation. There is no difference in Appendicular Perforation among patients with Direct bilirubin > 0.3 mg/dl and

Purpose The main purpose of this study in the field of automotive brake friction material is to find an effective material to replace the environmentally hazardous copper in the brake pad formulation. Design/methodology/approach Cu is used as functional filler in various forms in the friction material formulation. Because of its hazardous impact to the aquatic life, a suitable replacement of Cu is the main focus of this research. Three novel friction composite materials using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a suitable alternative for Cu were developed by increasing its Wt.% from 5% to 15% in the step of 5%. Findings The physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the developed friction composites were tested as per the industrial standards. The tribological properties were analyzed as per SAE J661 standard using the chase test rig. Initial studies revealed that the friction composite having 5% GGBFS exhibited better physical, mechanical and chemical properties with excellent frictional performance having minimal fluctuations even at higher temperatures. Nonetheless, the results showed that the friction composite containing 15 Wt.% GGBFS revealed a better wear resistance property compared with the other two composites due to the tribo lubricating layer formation at the frictional interface. Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed to understand the wear mechanism and tribo layer formations through topography studies. Originality/value This paper explains the influence of GGBFS as a replacement of barytes in brake pads formulation to enhance the tribological performance.

We present a measurement of $\eta$ production from neutrino interactions on argon with the MicroBooNE detector. The modeling of resonant neutrino interactions on argon is a critical aspect of the neutrino oscillation physics program being carried out by the DUNE and Short Baseline Neutrino programs. $\eta$ production in neutrino interactions provides a powerful new probe of resonant interactions, complementary to pion channels, and is particularly suited to the study of higher-order resonances beyond the $\Delta(1232)$. We measure a flux-integrated cross section for neutrino-induced $\eta$ production on argon of $3.22 \pm 0.84 \; \textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.86 \; \textrm{(syst.)}$ $10^{-41}{\textrm{cm}}^{2}$/nucleon. By demonstrating the successful reconstruction of the two photons resulting from $\eta$ production, this analysis enables a novel calibration technique for electromagnetic showers in GeV accelerator neutrino experiments.

— India is the land of agriculture and is among the top three global producers of many seeds. The Indian farmer lies at the heart of the agricultural sector yet most Indian farmers remain at the bottom of the social strata. In addition, farmers find it difficult to decide which seed is best suitable and profitable for their soil, in spite of the few technological solutions that exist today, due to the variation in soil types across geographical regions. This paper proposes a seed recommendation system that uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), MobileNetV2 Architecture to predict the optimal seed to be grown by analyzing various parameters. &nbsp

As a society, we place increasing value on the safety of our financial transactions and the protection of our most prized possessions, including money, jewelry, and other valuables. A lot of progress has been made in transitioning from mechanical to electrical systems. Many methods are offered to increase bank security in order to stay up with the times, but biometrics is one of the most promising. As technology improves, we may build upon this concept using tools like RFID and voice verification as our foundation.

Parking management is a term that describes methods for making better use of parking resources. The first step toward successful parking management is to identify the cause of the problem. Finding suitable parking is among the fastest-growing industries of all, given the ever-increasing number of cars on the road. Traditionally, traffic has been a nightmare. To address these issues, businesses adopted intelligent parking systems from large hardware vendors. These, on the other hand, are unfit for purpose and also have resulted in major parking issues at many businesses. The approach attempts to offer a practical answer to the problem of smart parking. We aim to create a functioning software that will inform requesting customers if there is still a free parking spot near their location using technologies like Machine Learning, CNN, OpenCV, and React.

The Internet of Things is now a groundbreaking area with the potential to influence our lives and bring major changes to the globe. Many IoT approaches have been proposed to enable data-driven and smart applications for users. Therefore, architecture, applications, and technological systems must be created for fast and prompt enforcement of guidelines, regulations, and government directives to control such future epidemics. This paper describes a new architecture, possible use-cases, and some future possibilities for building such applications utilizing Smart City. The COVID-19 epidemic is an existing pandemic induced by that of the Coronavirus. It is a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). It was discovered for the first time in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Social distancing is a technique for controlling the transmission of infectious illnesses. It suggests that individuals must physically separate away from each other, decreasing intimate contact, and therefore lowering the spreading of a deadly virus also including Coronavirus.

Background: Meniscal root tears cause biomechanical changes comparable to a total meniscectomy. The resultant compromise in hoop stress, leads to decreased tibiofemoral contact area and increased contact pressure. This will lead to early arthritis. The meniscus root tear causes more detrimental changes in people with varus alignment of the lower limb. This increases the chances of progression to arthritis, causing joint pain and functional limitation, eventually necessitating early replacement surgery. Surgical management with repair of the meniscus, with corrective osteotomy restoring the normal anatomy, has been reported to improve clinical and functional outcomes and delay the replacement surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcome following concurrent Medial meniscus posterior horn root (MMPHRTs) repair during open medial wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with medial osteoarthritis. Methods: We performed posterior horn root repair with open medial wedge HTO in 9 patients, between 2016 and 2021. The mean follow-up of patients was 2 years. The mean Lysholm and IKDC scores showed significant improvement (7 had excellent and 2 had satisfactory scores). Patients returned to their expected activity of daily living. Conclusion: Concurrent MMPHRT repair along with medial open wedge HTO for medial compartmental osteoarthritis with varus alignment gives good results and has shown good clinical and radiological outcome on short term follow-up. Keywords: Meniscal root tear, Medial open wedge HTO, Preoperative planning, Outcome.

Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a predominant group of serine/threonine protein kinases that have multi-faceted functions in eukaryotes. The plant CDK members have well-known roles in cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, abiotic stress and defense responses, making them promising targets for developing stress adaptable high-yielding crops. There is relatively sparse information available on the CDK family genes of cultivated oilseed crop peanut and its diploid progenitors. Results We have identified 52 putative cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and CDK-like (CDKLs) genes in Arachis hypogaea (cultivated peanut) and total 26 genes in each diploid parent of cultivated peanut (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis). Both CDK and CDKL genes were classified into eight groups based on their cyclin binding motifs and their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis counterparts. Genes in the same subgroup displayed similar exon–intron structure and conserved motifs. Further, gene duplication analysis suggested that segmental duplication events played major roles in the expansion and evolution of CDK and CDKL genes in cultivated peanuts. Identification of diverse cis-acting response elements in CDK and CDKL genes promoter indicated their potential fundamental roles in multiple biological processes. Various gene expression patterns of CDKs and CDKLs in different peanut tissues suggested their involvement during growth and development. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that most representing CDK and CDKL gene family members were significantly down-regulated under ABA, PEG and mannitol treatments. Conclusions Genome-wide analysis offers a comprehensive understanding of the classification, evolution, gene structure, and gene expression profiles of CDK and CDKL genes in cultivated peanut and their diploid progenitors. Additionally, it also provides cell cycle regulatory gene resources for further functional characterization to enhance growth, development and abiotic stress tolerance.

This document was prepared by the MicroBooNE Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. MicroBooNE is supported by the following: the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics; the U.S. National Science Foundation; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), part of the United Kingdom Research and Innovation; the Royal Society (United Kingdom); and the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Future Leaders Fellowship. Additional support for the laser calibration system and cosmic ray tagger was provided by the Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Bern, Switzerland. We also acknowledge the contributions of technical and scientific staff to the design, construction, and operation of the MicroBooNE detector as well as the contributions of past collaborators to the development of MicroBooNE analyses, without whom this Letter would not have been possible. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission., We present a search for eV-scale sterile neutrino oscillations in the MicroBooNE liquid argon detector, simultaneously considering all possible appearance and disappearance effects within the 3+1 active-to-sterile neutrino oscillation framework. We analyze the neutrino candidate events for the recent measurements of charged-current νe and νμ interactions in the MicroBooNE detector, using data corresponding to an exposure of 6.37×1020 protons on target from the Fermilab booster neutrino beam. We observe no evidence of light sterile neutrino oscillations and derive exclusion contours at the 95% confidence level in the plane of the mass-squared splitting Δm241 and the sterile neutrino mixing angles θμe and θee, excluding part of the parameter space allowed by experimental anomalies. Cancellation of νe appearance and νe disappearance effects due to the full 3+1 treatment of the analysis leads to a degeneracy when determining the oscillation parameters, which is discussed in this Letter and will be addressed by future analyses., Fermi Research Alliance, LLC DE-AC02-07CH11359, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics, United Kingdom Research and Innovation, National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, UK Research and Innovation, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Royal Society, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

The capacity to physically shape items using 3D printing technology has led to its adoption in domains as disparate as the manufacturing sector, the medical area, and the creative arts. In order to examine 3D printing's potential in the automotive, aerospace, and electrical industries, this article examines the technology's moulding idea and process flow.

We report measurements of radon daughters in liquid argon within the MicroBooNE time projection chamber (LArTPC). The presence of radon in MicroBooNE's 85 metric tons of active liquid argon bulk is probed with newly developed charge-based low-energy reconstruction tools and analysis techniques to detect correlated $^{214}$Bi-$^{214}$Po radioactive decays. Special datasets taken during periods of active radon doping enable new demonstrations of the calorimetric capabilities of single-phase neutrino LArTPCs for $\beta$ and $\alpha$ particles with electron-equivalent energies ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 MeV. By applying $^{214}$Bi-$^{214}$Po detection algorithms to beam-external physics data recorded over a 46-day period, no statistically significant presence of radon is detected, corresponding to a limit of $

Development of aluminium cast parts by stircasting technique is an effective method. Stircasting technique is one of the most commonly accepted techniques. In the present investigation, how the microstructure, mechanical and wear mechanics of A357 alloy were impacted by the presence of Sr/Ca was investigated. The outcomes revealed that addition of elements (Sr/Ca) enhance the microstructural features. Uniform dispersal of particulates (Sr/Ca) in A357 alloy and also the modified structure of silicon (Si) were observed. The outcomes also exhibited that, the simultaneous additions of Sr/Ca cause a considerable improvement of tensile strength and wear resistance. The study on fractured surfaces reveals the acceptable bonding among A357+Sr/Ca element.

MicroBooNE is a neutrino experiment located in the Booster Neutrino Beamline (BNB) at Fermilab, which collected data from 2015 to 2021. MicroBooNE's liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) is accompanied by a photon detection system consisting of 32 photomultiplier tubes used to measure the argon scintillation light and determine the timing of neutrino interactions. Analysis techniques combining light signals and reconstructed tracks are applied to achieve a neutrino interaction time resolution of $\mathcal{O}(1\,\text{ns})$. The result obtained allows MicroBooNE to access the ns neutrino pulse structure of the BNB for the first time. The timing resolution achieved will enable significant enhancement of cosmic background rejection for all neutrino analyses. Furthermore, the ns timing resolution opens new avenues to search for long-lived-particles such as heavy neutral leptons in MicroBooNE, as well as in future large LArTPC experiments, namely the SBN program and DUNE.

ImportanceThe longer-term effects of therapies for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of multiple interventions for critically ill adults with COVID-19 on longer-term outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPrespecified secondary analysis of an ongoing adaptive platform trial (REMAP-CAP) testing interventions within multiple therapeutic domains in which 4869 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 were enrolled between March 9, 2020, and June 22, 2021, from 197 sites in 14 countries. The final 180-day follow-up was completed on March 2, 2022.InterventionsPatients were randomized to receive 1 or more interventions within 6 treatment domains: immune modulators (n = 2274), convalescent plasma (n = 2011), antiplatelet therapy (n = 1557), anticoagulation (n = 1033), antivirals (n = 726), and corticosteroids (n = 401).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was survival through day 180, analyzed using a bayesian piecewise exponential model. A hazard ratio (HR) less than 1 represented improved survival (superiority), while an HR greater than 1 represented worsened survival (harm); futility was represented by a relative improvement less than 20% in outcome, shown by an HR greater than 0.83.ResultsAmong 4869 randomized patients (mean age, 59.3 years; 1537 [32.1%] women), 4107 (84.3%) had known vital status and 2590 (63.1%) were alive at day 180. IL-6 receptor antagonists had a greater than 99.9% probability of improving 6-month survival (adjusted HR, 0.74 [95% credible interval {CrI}, 0.61-0.90]) and antiplatelet agents had a 95% probability of improving 6-month survival (adjusted HR, 0.85 [95% CrI, 0.71-1.03]) compared with the control, while the probability of trial-defined statistical futility (HR >0.83) was high for therapeutic anticoagulation (99.9%; HR, 1.13 [95% CrI, 0.93-1.42]), convalescent plasma (99.2%; HR, 0.99 [95% CrI, 0.86-1.14]), and lopinavir-ritonavir (96.6%; HR, 1.06 [95% CrI, 0.82-1.38]) and the probabilities of harm from hydroxychloroquine (96.9%; HR, 1.51 [95% CrI, 0.98-2.29]) and the combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine (96.8%; HR, 1.61 [95% CrI, 0.97-2.67]) were high. The corticosteroid domain was stopped early prior to reaching a predefined statistical trigger; there was a 57.1% to 61.6% probability of improving 6-month survival across varying hydrocortisone dosing strategies.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong critically ill patients with COVID-19 randomized to receive 1 or more therapeutic interventions, treatment with an IL-6 receptor antagonist had a greater than 99.9% probability of improved 180-day mortality compared with patients randomized to the control, and treatment with an antiplatelet had a 95.0% probability of improved 180-day mortality compared with patients randomized to the control. Overall, when considered with previously reported short-term results, the findings indicate that initial in-hospital treatment effects were consistent for most therapies through 6 months.

We present a measurement of $η$ production from neutrino interactions on argon with the MicroBooNE detector. The modeling of resonant neutrino interactions on argon is a critical aspect of the neutrino oscillation physics program being carried out by the DUNE and Short Baseline Neutrino programs. $η$ production in neutrino interactions provides a powerful new probe of resonant interactions, complementary to pion channels, and is particularly suited to the study of higher-order resonances beyond the $Δ(1232)$. We measure a flux-integrated cross section for neutrino-induced $η$ production on argon of $3.22 \pm 0.84 \; \textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.86 \; \textrm{(syst.)}$ $10^{-41}{\textrm{cm}}^{2}$/nucleon. By demonstrating the successful reconstruction of the two photons resulting from $η$ production, this analysis enables a novel calibration technique for electromagnetic showers in GeV accelerator neutrino experiments.

We present the first measurement of the cross section of Cabibbo-suppressed $\Lambda$ baryon production, using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector when exposed to the neutrinos from the Main Injector beam at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The data analyzed correspond to $2.2 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target of neutrino mode running and $4.9 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target of anti-neutrino mode running. An automated selection is combined with hand scanning, with the former identifying five candidate $\Lambda$ production events when the signal was unblinded, consistent with the GENIE prediction of $5.3 \pm 1.1$ events. Several scanners were employed, selecting between three and five events, compared with a prediction from a blinded Monte Carlo simulation study of $3.7 \pm 1.0$ events. Restricting the phase space to only include $\Lambda$ baryons that decay above MicroBooNE's detection thresholds, we obtain a flux averaged cross section of $2.0^{+2.2}_{-1.7} \times 10^{-40}$ cm$^2/$Ar, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are combined.

ntroduction- Endotracheal intubation includes laryngoscopy and intubation, which often evokes cardiovascular responses characterized by increase in arterial pressure, changes in heart rate and disturbance in cardiac rhythm, which are transient variable and unpredictable.The present study was conducted and evaluated to compare the efcacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in attenuating sympathoadrenal response which includes heart rate and arterial blood pressure changes during tracheal intubation. 100 adult patients of either sex belonging to ASAMethods- grade I, II, III belonging to age riagroup 18 to 80 years were posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. . Total 100 adult patients were randomly divided into 2 groups with 50 patients in each group. Group D-Inj Dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kg 10minutes before laryngoscopy. Group F- Inj Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg 10 minutes before laryngoscopy .In predetermined time heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were observed and compared in both groups. There was rise in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressureResults- mean arterial pressure immediately after intubation, 1min.2min, 3min, 5min and 10 min after intubation Dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kgConclusion- iv produces more favourable hemodynamic response while fentanyl 2mcg/kg less effective for attenuating pressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Eleven genotypes of bread wheat were crossed with three testers in the rabi season of 2018-19 inline x tester mating fashion to obtain 33 F1 hybrids, which were evaluated with parents and two standard checks of wheat viz., UP 2855 and HD 2967. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar in the rabi season 2019-20. Observations were recorded on various qualitative and quantitative characters including grain yield. The results obtained revealed significant differences among all the genotypes, indicating the presence of aconsiderable amount of genetic variability. The cross combinations SOKOLL x HI 1621, followed by QBP 12-11 x HI 1621, NAC/TH.AC//3*PVN/3/MIRLO/BUC/4/ 2*PASTOR/5/… x HD 3237 were observed to be the better heterotic F1s in terms of grain yield. The hybrid QLD 75 x HI 1621 was identified as the best heterotic combination for grain weight per spike and harvest index. Whereas, for grains per spike F1, NW 6036 x HI 1621, for 1000 grain weight F1, SOKOLL x HD3237, for spike length F1, NAC/TH.AC//3*PVN/3/ MIRLO/BUC/4/2*PASTOR/5/… x HD 3237, for peduncle length F1, VORB/4/D67.2/PARANA 66.270 x HI 1621 and for days to 75% heading and days to maturity F1, PRL/2*PASTOR*2//FH6-1-7/3/KINGBIRD#1//… x PBW 725 were observed to be the better heterotic combinations. The crosses with higher heterotic values may provide an opportunity for isolation of desirable purelines in advanced generations.

The pathophysiology of the transudate pleural effusion occurs when the systemic factors are involved in the formation and absorption of plural effusion, where the source of pleural fluid is originating from Lung, Peritoneal or Pleural Cavity. The origin of exudative pleural fluid effusion is when capillaries or the pleural surfaces where the fluid originates gets altered. Hence when we the pleural fluid is found to be transudate further diagnostic evaluation is not required and treat the systemic disease affecting it and if the fluid is exudate we need to investigate further to find out the cause of effusion. To assess the role of pleural fluid cholesterol in differentiating exudative and transudative pleural effusion. : The present cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of Chest and Respiratory Medicine at Chamarajanagara Institute of Medical Sciences from March 2019 to December 2019. A total of 100 cases of clinically confirmed cases of pleural effusion cases were selected for the purpose of the study. Based on the Light’s Criteria the Pleural Fluid was analyzed and 94% of them were classified as exudates and 6% of them to be transudates and Pleural fluid cholesterol of more than 45mg/dl 74% of them were exudates and 26% of them were transudates. In the present study based on final diagnosis out of 74 subjects who were classified as exudates, 72 subjects were classified as exudates and misclassified 2 cases as transudate. Lights Criteria diagnosed only 4 cases as transudate pleural fluid among the 26 cases of transudate pleural fluid based on final diagnosis Light‘s criteria is the most accepted criteria for differentiating between exudates and transudate in pleural effusion. By the Present study we could conclude that the estimation of Pleural Cholesterol Level has good sensitivity, Positive Predictive Value than lights criteria in diagnosing exudative and transudate Pleural Fluid.

Background: The cause of pleural effusion is due to systemic or localized pathology and based on the etiology involved the pleural effusion is either classified into transudate and exudate supported by Light’s Criteria. Other than the marker used in Lights Criteria C reactive protein is said to be studied to determine its role in classifying exudate and transudate. The present study was done to assess the role of C reactive protein in diagnosing pleural effusion. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Chest and Respiratory Medicine at Chamarajanagara Institute of Medical Sciences from June 2019 to May 2020. A total of 120 cases of clinically confirmed cases of Pleural Effusion Cases were selected for the purpose of the study among the outpatient and inpatient in the Department of General Medicine and Respiratory Medicine Department. Results: The Mean CRP of 1.05±1.09 was found to be cut off value for differentiating between transudate and exudate Pleural fluid. At the Cut off value of 1.05 CRP it was found to be having a sensitivity of 75.4% and 77.6% of sensitivity. Conclusions: From the present study we could conclude that the CRP Value of 1.05mg/dl was found to be having a good specificity and sensitivity in classifying the pleural fluid into transudate and exudate. Finally we could conclude that CRP can be used as a Biomarker to differentiate between Transudate and Exudate when Lights criteria falls in borderline. Keywords: Pleural Effusion, CRP, Inflammation, Transudate, Exudate, Light’s Criteria

Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the discussions, feedback, and encouragement of Hugh Lippincott and Stephen Pordes throughout the course of the planning, execution, and analysis of our data. This documentwas prepared by the MicroBooNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. MicroBooNE is supported by the following: the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics; the U.S. National Science Foundation; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), part of the United Kingdom Research and Innovation; the Royal Society (United Kingdom); and The European Union’s Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions. Additional support for the laser calibration system and cosmic ray tagger was provided by the Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Bern, Switzerland. We also acknowledge the contributions of technical and scientific staff to the design, construction, and operation of the MicroBooNE detector as well as the contributions of past collaborators to the development of MicroBooNE analyses, without whom this work would not have been possible., he MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) maintains a high level of liquid argon purity through the use of a filtration system that removes electronegative contaminants in continuously-circulated liquid, recondensed boil off, and externally supplied argon gas. We use the MicroBooNE LArTPC to reconstruct MeV-scale radiological decays. Using this technique we measure the liquid argon filtration system's efficacy at removing radon. This is studied by placing a 500 kBq 222Rn source upstream of the filters and searching for a time-dependent increase in the number of radiological decays in the LArTPC. In the context of two models for radon mitigation via a liquid argon filtration system, a slowing mechanism and a trapping mechanism, MicroBooNE data supports a radon reduction factor of greater than 97% or 99.999%, respectively. Furthermore, a radiological survey of the filters found that the copper-based filter material was the primary medium that removed the 222Rn. This is the first observation of radon mitigation in liquid argon with a large-scale copper-based filter and could offer a radon mitigation solution for future large LArTPCs., Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility, Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, Offices of High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics, U.S. National Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom Research and Innovation, Royal Society (United Kingdom), European Union’s Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics

Providing security to the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is more challenging process in recent days, due to the self-organization nature and randomness of sensor nodes. For this purpose, the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is mainly developed that supports to increase the security of network against the harmful intrusions. The conventional IDS security frameworks are highly concentrating on improving the reliability and safety of networks by using different approaches. Still, it limits with key problems of increased time consumption, more delay, and reduced efficiency, inefficient handling of large dimensional datasets, and high misclassification outputs. In order to solve these problems, the proposed work develops an intelligent IDS framework for enhancing the security of WSN by using the Cuckoo Search Greedy Optimization (CSGO) and Likelihood Support Vector Machine (LSVM) models. In this model, the most extensively used network datasets such as NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 are considered for validating this model. Initially, the dataset preprocessing is performed for normalizing the attributes based on the processes of irrelevant information removal, missing value prediction, and filtering. After preprocessing, the optimal number of features are selected and given to the input of CSGO algorithm, which computes the optimal fitness function for selecting the best features. Finally, the LSVM based machine learning classification technique is utilized for predicting the classified label as whether normal or abnormal. During results evaluation, the performance of the proposed security model is validated and compared by using different performance measures.

Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and maxillofacial injuries are more common in Road traffic accident. Post traumatic hematoma is more common and a self limiting one. Hematoma in maxillofacial injury following an RTA is usually associated with fracture of facial bones. It occurs mainly due to breach in periosteum and osseous bleeding from fractured bone segments. Here we present a case report of expanding post traumatic hematoma following RTA with no associated fractures and its management. &nbsp

Light-absorbing black carbon (BC) aerosols strongly affect Earth's radiation budget and climate. This paper presents satellite retrieval of BC over India based on observations from the Cloud and Aerosol Imager-2 (CAI-2) on board the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite-2 (GOSAT-2). To evaluate and validate the satellite retrievals, near-surface BC mass concentrations measured across the Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India NETwork (ARFINET) of aerosol observatories are used. Then the findings are extended to elucidate global BC features. The analysis reveals that this satellite retrieval clearly demonstrates the regional and seasonal features of BC over the Indian region, similarly to those recorded by surface observations. Validation and closure studies between the two datasets show RMSE < 1 and absolute difference below 2 µg m−3 for > 60 % of simultaneous observations, exhibiting good associations for December, January, and February (R of approximately 0.73) and March, April, and May (R approx. 0.76). Over the hotspot regions of India, satellite retrievals show a soot volume fraction of approx. 5 %, columnar single-scattering albedo of approx. 0.8, and BC column optical depth of approx. 0.1 during times of the highest BC loading, which are comparable to other in situ and satellite measurements. In terms of global spatiotemporal variation, satellite retrievals show higher BC occurring mostly in areas where biomass burning is intense. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of satellite retrieval of BC, which can be used effectively for the regular monitoring of BC loading attributable to vehicular, industrial, or biomass burning activities.

Purpose: The present study analyses the role of HRA competencies in determining the financial outcomes. Moreover, the study also examines the gap existing in the expected and existing competencies of HR analysts in Indian organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the wake of findings from an in-depth literature review, the present study prepares a conceptual framework based on Capability Motivation and Opportunity (CMO) model to test the hypotheses on a sample size of 230 HR and HRA professionals which were formulated to analyse the relationship among the study variables. A quantitative methodology with a structured questionnaire was adopted to gather the data as it integrates the components of HRA competency and measures their impact on business outcomes. Findings: The findings demonstrated that business outcomes can be improved by providing motivation and opportunities to employees, who possess HR analytical skills. A Structural Equation Model was developed by the study to assess the compatibility of the proposed CMO framework in explaining the relationships among the study variables. Practical Implications: The application of data in the organizations has changed its mode and concentrated on fulfilling the legal wants of the employment. This change in the use of data gradually changed dynamics of Human Resource Management (HRM) role and the organizations expect good analysis quality from Human Resource (HR) professions. Originality /Value: The study provided a significant depiction of the role played by HRA in determining the business outcomes and the gap existing in the competencies exhibited by HR analysts, with respect to the competency levels expected from them. Still, not many researchers explored the role of HRA in increasing the business out come in the context of Indian organizations.

Background: Obesity, broadly refers to increased body fat, which has become an important public health problem. Its prevalence continues to increase worldwide. In the World Health Survey, the prevalence of physical inactivity in India was 9.3% in men and 15.2% in women. Adipose tissue being an endocrine organ secretes several cytokines such as Interleukin-6, TNF-? and adipokines such as adiponectin, hepcidin, resistin. This study is to compare ferritin to iron and hepcidin with normal and obese men. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at a multispecialty centre in Chennai, Tamil Nadu between 2013 and 2015, including 80 subjects of South Indian population. The biochemical parameters which were measured included the levels of hepcidin, ferritin, iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity and Hemoglobin. Results: The results were statistically analyzed. Mann whitney U test performed to check for the statistical significance for differences in mean between the groups. The mean hepcidin values for the control group was 800.55 ± 503.50 and the study group was 1106.68 ± 826.25 and was found to be statistically significant with a p-value of 0.03. There was positive correlation of hepcidin with ferritin and Transferrin Saturation. Conclusion: Hepcidin is recognized as the key regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. The measurement of hepcidin in biological fluids is therefore a promising tool in the diagnosis and management of medical conditions in which iron metabolism is affected. Keywords: Ferroportin, Ferritin, Obesity, Hepcidin, Iron.

Background: Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk in several pathological conditions such as T2DM, Metabolic syndrome (MetS), CVD, and CAD. Early studies which were done on TyG index focus on insulin resistance. High TGL level induces production of small density LDL particle. All these proposed theories, explains why TyG index used as an independent factor of cardiovascular risk. Materials and Methods: 150 First year medical students were included and their anthropometric measures done using standard scale. Fasting blood glucose estimated by GOD POD method. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, High density lipoprotein and direct low density lipoprotein were estimated by IFCC approved methods. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results: Results 26% were obese and 5.33% were overweight. Lipid profile found to be significant different among the group. Atherosclerotic indices were found to have mild to moderate correlation with anthropometric measures (p Conclusion: Present study showed a high prevalence of overweight to obesity ratio in first year medical students. With TyG index we observed an independent association of cardio-metabolic risk with BMI in young adult. Keywords: TyG index, Anthropometric measures, Atherosclerotic indices, Cardio-metabolic risk.

Gradually, the need & opportunities for passenger’s transportation are increasing and in basic services. The need and opportunities will create competition among the transportation modes and by addition of another travel mode to current modes in circulation led to a very tight competition along with that customer expectations will also increase in terms of a lower price, luxury, less time to reach the destination and additional services. This makes the travellers meet with various services, so the service providers need to know the choices and facilities required for the travellers to attract, create, and provide the service. This study is carried out in South Indian cities where the airport is not available, and where the Government of India proposed a new airport. The key objective of this study is to find the important characteristics considered by travellers while traveling to the nearest airport city as well by using the Fishbein multi-attribute model finding which mode of travellers has more expectations from the upcoming airport services to the cities. The results of the study are those who travel to the nearest airport city using Taxi having more expectations on the upcoming airport service to the selected cities, in that support attribute having the highest expectation. The supported attribute here is about supporting the move of the government to provide low-cost airlines through the Udan scheme and Community support to the new airport will be positive.

Mental state of a person is not easy to read by humans. This mental state may include anxiety, depression and other medical conditions. There is no correct physical testing that is available. Therefore, diagnosing these mental conditions in yearly stage is very important. In our proposed model, we use EEG signal from non-intrusive wearable devices to detect depression patterns in patients. This can be done with the help of proposed Hybrid CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) algorithm. In this algorithm we are introducing adaptive wavelet kernels in convolutional layers to reduce the number of connected neurons in the network. This Mental state diagnosis using Hybrid CNN with EEG signal algorithm is also designed to be shift invariant and can handle real world online data from wearable devices. Finally, the training time requirement of neural network can be reduced with the help of improved learning rate functions. This kind of improvements will make the algorithm consume less training time and power. The algorithm has an accuracy of about 97% from data that is taken from wearable device with very poor SNR ratios. The main motive of the paper will be to construct fast, reliable, energy efficient algorithm for real world wearable applications.

Head and neck cancers are a group of malignancies that arise from common anatomic sites which include the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, sinonasal cavities and from the salivary glands. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world and has a five-year survival rate of less than 50%. It has high recurrence rates and metastasis. It is a Prospective Observational, and Comparative Study carried out in 30 patients of Loco-regionally advanced carcinoma of head and neck. The diagnosis of loco-regionally advanced cancers of head and neck was made following AJCC staging. The subjects were divided into two groups with 15 in each arm -Accelerated Hypo Fractionated Arm and Conventional Normal Fractionated Arm. All the patients were systematically interviewed, and clinical details of all the subjects were recorded. Among the 30 patients, the highest performance status of (83.3%) ECOG-1 was observed in both the groups when compared to ECOG-2, which is not statistically significant. Hypofractionated radiotherapy can achieve similar tumour response to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in HNSCC, although with some increase in toxicity. However, to draw some reasonable conclusion, a study with a broader sample and longer follow-up needs to be performed.

We report the first measurement of $\pi^0$ production in neutral current (NC) interactions on argon with average neutrino energy of $\lesssim1$~GeV. We use data from the MicroBooNE detector's 85-tonne active volume liquid argon time projection chamber situated in Fermilab's Booster Neutrino Beam and exposed to $5.89\times10^{20}$ protons on target for this measurement. Measurements of NC $\pi^0$ events are reported for two exclusive event topologies without charged pions. Those include a topology with two photons from the decay of the $\pi^0$ and one proton and a topology with two photons and zero protons. Flux-averaged cross-sections for each exclusive topology and for their semi-inclusive combination are extracted (efficiency-correcting for two-plus proton final states), and the results are compared to predictions from the \textsc{genie}, \textsc{neut}, and \textsc{NuWro} neutrino event generators. We measure cross sections of $1.243\pm0.185$ (syst) $\pm0.076$ (stat), $0.444\pm0.098\pm0.047$, and $0.624\pm0.131\pm0.075$ $[10^{-38}\textrm{cm}^2/\textrm{Ar}]$ for the semi-inclusive NC$\pi^0$, exclusive NC$\pi^0$+1p, and exclusive NC$\pi^0$+0p processes, respectively., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables

Background Plutella xylostella (L.), is one of the most widely distributed and destructive pests of cruciferous crops. The pest has developed resistance to most commonly used insecticides and was reported as the first species to develop resistance to some toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Therefore, the pattern and magnitude of genetic variation was studied in P. xylostella larval and adult populations from seven geographical locations in India.Methods and result Direct sequencing of mitochondrial DNA COI gene region was employed to find the genetic variation in Plutella xylostella population from different geographical locations in India. The comparisons of evolutionary divergence between sequences among P. xylostella divergence ranged from 0.002 to 0.0015. The base composition analysis for the COI sequence divulged that both highest T (40.23%) and lowest G (14.08%) contents were in the Delhi Larva population of P. xylostella. The results for Tajima test evidenced that the nucleotide diversity in P. xylostella was very low (π= 0.00332). The P. xylostella populations in the present study from India is mixed over Korea, China, Canada and India and showed multiple clusters. Observations from the present results from the analysis of mtCOI sequences of P. xylostella point to the genetic variation among the Indian population. Conclusions The P. xylostella populations in the present study from India is mixed over Korea, China, Canada and India and showed multiple clusters. The analysis of mtCOI sequences of P. xylostella pointed to the genetic variation among the Indian population which may become the subspecies and resistance insecticides. Hence, further studies need to be done to determine its sustainable management.