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Cet article a pour objet de comparer la réglementation des établissements pour aliénés entre les empires coloniaux français et britannique, afin d’étudier leur gestion dans un contexte colonial particulier et de mettre en lumière les différences entre les deux empires coloniaux. Si les textes diffèrent parfois par leur contenu, l’évolution de la réglementation est similaire tout au long de la période étudiée, avec une volonté d’améliorer le traitement juridique des aliénés, mais également la prise en compte d’intérêts économiques supérieurs, tout en subissant les contraintes du milieu colonial. The aim of this article is to compare the regulation regarding asylums between British and French colonies, to study their management in a peculiar colonial context and to highlight the differences between the two colonial empires. The texts might sometimes differ in content, but the regulations are alike in their evolution throughout the period, with a will to improve the legal treatment of lunatics, but not without taking higher economic interests into account, while enduring colonial constraints.

Many of Mansfield’s stories are lauded for their layered depictions of major characters’ interiority. As central as these are to her work and her exploration of character, this focus only on perspective characters can minimize the importance of minor characters in her more crowded stories like “At the Bay,” “Bliss,” and “The Garden Party.” These characters, despite their places in the margins of their stories, fill a large part of these stories’ character-systems and play off of one another and off of the major characters to create a complex web of meaning that enhances and adds to the many interpretations that the stories offer. They are also a ground for modernist experimentation as much as plot or structure are, and Mansfield uses them to explore and discover new roles for minorness in fiction. The women Mansfield wrote about resembled her in many ways, and she drew on her own experience as a marginalized writer to depict them. This marginalization also contributed to the long-standing perception of her as a minor writer, pushed aside in the narrative of the development of literary modernism just as the (often marginalized) minor characters are in her stories. Yet Mansfield’s minor characters are not solely defined by their minorness, instead presenting avenues for exploration of sexuality, class, colonialism, and gender.

This presentation was an overview of an ongoing project on how material culture across the Macarthur region of NSW is a store of collective memories of early colonial New South Wales and the Cowpastures region from 1795 to 1840. There are monuments, memorials, murals, and other items of material culture that prompt collective memories and tell stories about the Cowpastures from colonial NSW.

Through the comparison of the choices and the difficulties encountered by the British, Belgian and French colonizers when setting up propaganda systems, this article aims to define a transnational conception of the cinematographic medium. Indeed, the syntheses of the propaganda systems set up in Europe and the reports on the experiments carried out in the colonies reveal a number of recurring preconceptions: cinema as a vector of universally decipherable messages; cinema as a form of direct access to the viewer’s subconscious; cinema as a form of expression of a “European technological superiority”. À travers la comparaison des choix et des difficultés rencontrés par les colonisateurs britanniques, belges et français lors de la mise en place de systèmes de propagande, cet article vise à questionner une conception transnationale du medium cinématographique. En effet, les synthèses des systèmes de propagande mis en place en Europe et les rapports sur les expérimentations menées dans les colonies révèlent un certain nombre de préconceptions récurrentes : le cinéma comme vecteur d’un message universellement déchiffrable ; le cinéma comme forme d’accès direct au subconscient du spectateur ; le cinéma comme mode d’expression privilégié de la supériorité technologique européenne.

This dissertation studies conflict in a hierarchical international system, the British Empire. How did the British Empire respond to violent and nonviolent resistance within its colonies? I develop a theory explaining how and why an imperial metropole becomes involved in and grant concessions to its colonies. Unlike federal nation-states and looser relationship like in an international organization, modern European empires were characterized by selective engagement of the metropole with its peripheral colonies. This has important implications for understanding metropolitan response to peripheral resistance. In contrast to more recent work, I find that violence was more effective at coercing metropolitan concessions to the colonies in the British Empire than nonviolence. I argue that this occurred because violence overwhelmed the capabilities of local colonial governments, and violence commanded metropolitan attention and involvement. This theory is supported with a wide range of data, including yearly measures of anticolonial resistance, every colonial concession made by the British Empire after 1918, daily measures of metropolitan discussions of colonial issues from cabinet archives, and web-scraped casualty data from British death records. In addition, I present in-depth case studies of British responses to resistance in Cyprus and the Gold Coast, along with a conceptual schema of different types of resistance to understand strikes, riots, terrorism, and civil disobedience in a number of other British colonies. My findings show that the effectiveness of resistance is conditional on the political structure that it is embedded in and that hierarchy matters for understanding state responses to resistance.

The British rule still has a sway on us and we still unconsciously see them as our masters/ or a better race than us in terms of looks, language, traditions clothing style and hobbies. Though the Britishers only enforced their norms through law and schooling but its impact was long-lasting and deep-rooted amongst the young natives.the current architectural format of Pakistani buildings is inspired from British architecture as opposed to local designs and aesthetics specially regarding room aeration and lightening. Many of the botanical flowers and ferns that we see in Pakistan were introduced by Britishers which were than made part of the gardening aesthetics by the then influential Pakistanis to show-off their civilised family background.

International audience; Edited by Marie-Jeanne Rossignol, Université Paris Diderot and Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, Université Paris 8 – Vincennes St Denis and Institut Universitaire de FranceIn The Atlantic World of Anthony Benezet (1713-1784): From French Reformation to North American Quaker Antislavery Activism, Marie-Jeanne Rossignol and Bertrand Van Ruymbeke offer the first scholarly study fully examining Anthony Benezet, inspirator of 18th-century antislavery activism, as an Atlantic figure. Contributions cover his Huguenot heritage and later influence on the French antislavery movement (which had never been explored as thoroughly before) as well as his Quaker faith and connections with the Quaker community in the British Atlantic world (in the North American colonies as well as in Britain). Beyond the Quaker community, his preoccupation with Africa is highlighted, and further research is also encouraged reconciling Benezet studies with those on black rebels and founders in the Atlantic world.

El objeto de este artículo es llevar a cabo una nueva contribución al estudio del funcionamiento del comercio de vinos entre Canarias e Inglaterra en el último tercio del siglo XVII a partir del análisis de los importadores de malvasía, quienes, pese al fracaso de la Canary Company, lograron ejercer una influencia indiscutible sobre los intercambios con las islas. La fuente utilizada son los wine port books de la capital británica, documentación de carácter fiscal que permite reconstruir la identidad de los importadores de vinos y determinar la importancia de cada uno de ellos de acuerdo con la cuantía de las transacciones que llevaban a cabo. En la segunda parte del texto se abordan los conflictos surgidos tanto en las islas como en las colonias británicas de América del norte —especialmente en Nueva Inglaterra— a partir de la aprobación de las leyes de navegación de 1660-1663, leyes que impedían el comercio directo con Canarias This article offers new insights into the wine trade between the Canaries and England by analysing the key role played by a small group of merchants who, in spite of the failure of the Canary Company, dominated the trade in the last third of the seveneteenth century. It is based on the data from the wine port books of London, a primary source that contains the names of the importers as well as the amount of wine each of them brought to the British capital. In the second part of the article, the confrontations that took place between the Canary merchants in London and Tenerife and the British consuls in the Canaries, and between merchants settled in the British colonies of America and the representatives of the Crown in those territories are discussed. The confrontations intensified after the passing of the Navigation Acts of 1660-1663 that forbade direct trade from the Canaries to the British colonies in North America and the Caribbean Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad HAR2013-42300-P

Данная работа посвящена сравнительному анализу методов колониальной и неоколониальной политики (на примере Китая). В работе рассмотрены первые переселенческие колонии, дальнейшее развитие торгового и захватнического колониализма и современный неоколониализм. Рассмотрены методы проведения колониальной политики на примере взаимоотношений Китая и Европейских держав в период Опиумных Войн. Проанализированы истоки колониализма, дающие развитие неоколониализму, представленному на современном примере отношений Китайской Народной Республики и Африки., This work is devoted to a comparative analysis of the colonial and neo-colonial policy (on example of China). It contains the first migration colonies, the further development of the trade and predatory types of colonialism and the modern neo-colonial system. The methods of colonial policy were considered on example of relations between China and Europeans powers during the period of The Opium Wars. The origins of colonialism which develop the neo-colonialism system were analyzed on example of relations between China and Africa.

This article aims at examining profiles of the Germans -the so-called Poor Palatines- who came to England in 1709. It is said that more than twelve thousand Palatines had left their homeland (the Rhine Valley) and arrived at London over a period of six months. Although most of them embarked for North America or Ireland within a few years, their stay in London had a great impact on British society. The reaction of the British government to them was debated at that time. The government ordered surveys about them in order to assist them. The lists were made on the basis of the surveys. The lists contain a valuable source of information on the age, the religion and the occupation of the head of the family and the ages of the members of the family. I will make clear the character of the Palatines by scrutinizing the lists. This analysis leads us to understand why the Palatines encountered so much hostility in British society.

International audience; Merchant activity across Europe, America and China was vital to economic growth during the long eighteenth century. Using a unique data set from accounts and correspondence, contributors show the fragmented nature of merchant activity and the importance of trust-based social and cultural networks. Case studies from the ‘Age of Commerce’ include Franco-British attempts to recall Chinese debt in 1779–80, the price signals between Spain and colonial South America and the risk avoidance strategies of tobacco-planters in early national period America.

Organization of the Sons of Liberty stood in the beginning of the conflict between Great Britain and it's colonies in North America. This organization had an unquestionable impact on the relationship between the colonies and the motherland and after Stamp Act crisis this relationship suffered a serious damage. The relationship between them after rebellions could never be called an idyllic and everything led up to the War of Independence. At the beginning the colonists were trying to defend their rights, because they thought that the British Parliament has no right to tax them. In the settlements around the colonies was observable arise of the first regional organizations that tried to convince the public of the injustices that were committed. Simultaneously, they tried to direct their anger against the royal officials and stamps distributors. That indirectly meant to go against the Parliament of Great Britain. As the time went on, the regional organizations began to organize themselves into semi-military inter-colonial organization called The Sons of Liberty. The Sons of Liberty from different cities made a deals about helping each other if needed. This is how the colonies in North America became the united force in the time of first rebellion against the Parliament. But at that time most of...

This dissertation seeks to consider the colonial experiences of Britain in Ireland and India in a comparative context – to contrast their encounters with, and explorations of, early modern Ireland with the late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Indian subcontinent. The early experience in Ireland helped shape the developing British belief in their own superiority, leading them to draw distinctions between themselves and other peoples. This laid the groundwork for later endeavours, notably in India. While separated by time and space, these British colonial experiences shared several important characteristics. Early modern Ireland provided the British with important guidelines and models for behaviour, many of which were later adopted in India. The manipulation of history in Ireland, the description of the Gaelic Irish in travel accounts and the application of the law as a tool of reform all provided valuable patterns for the ways in which the British structured their later empire in India.

In this paper we critically examine colonial and post-colonial language policies with a special focus on Creole communities in the Caribbean and South America. The paper suggests that while faced with similar issues these communities do not constitute a homogeneous group and consequently blanket solutions are not available to change the asymmetrical social and linguistics system inherited from the colonisers. The paper argues that (new) educational policies need to be squarely based on a careful sociolinguistic analysis of each situation and must take a multi-model approach in order to effectively address existing language-based social inequalities. Section 2 briefly introduces the field of language and colonialism, discussing the main research issues and colonial language practices. Section 3 deals with educational practices in colonial and in post-colonial societies, especially in Africa. Section 4 surveys the research on Creoles focusing on its contribution towards improving language-related discrimination in Caribbean Creole communities. Section 5 explores the development of educational practices in different Creole communities and section 6 investigates educational practices in French Guiana arguing for a multi-model approach. The final section summarizes the findings and outlines current research needs.

Letters concerning the scholarships created under the will of the late Cecil John Rhodes.

The 1932-1933 school year closed with the graduation activities for both the men and women at the O. V. C., O. A. C., and Macdonald Institute. This issue provides details of the commencement exercises and lists all of the graduates. Details are provided for the scholarship and award winners. Alumni who earned graduate degrees are also noted. Other seasonal events are the Alumni Day activities and the Farm and Home Week events. Agricultural articles pertain to the World's Grain Exhibition and Conference, the British Colonial Agricultural Service, and the social aspect of rural education. Agricultural research is profiled in the Departmental Notes column. This issue contains a new column - the Alumni Record, which combines both the Alumni and Macdonald columns for both alumni and alumnae news. Editorial Forty-Sixth Annual Commencement Exercises Macdonald Institute graduation Alumni Day attracts many graduates Dr. George C. Creelman World's Grain Exhibition and Conference College life The British Colonial Agricultural Service The social factor in rural education Sports folio Alumni record Departmental notes advertising

Read, April 27th, 1917, The assembling of representatives of the self-governing Dominions and of India for the Second Imperial Conference, which is now taking place in London, has suggested to me the propriety of inviting the attention of this Society to the foundations and development of the constitutions of the self-governing Communities of the Empire and their relations, both fiscal and constitutional, with the Imperial Government. I approach this inspiring subject with much diffidence, because I am conscious that some of the questions which present themselves require for their discussion a familiarity with constitutional law and principles and a knowledge of Colonial history, which I do not possess. In spite of these difficulties in my task, and conscious of my inability to discharge it adequately, I venture to lay before you this evening a summary of the constitutions under which what I may describe as our greater Colonies have made such amazing progress in population and in material prosperity, because it seems to me that there never was a time when full and accurate knowledge of the principles and development of Colonial Self-Government was so necessary as it is today.

El objeto de este artículo es llevar a cabo una nueva contribución al estudio del funcionamiento del comercio de vinos entre Canarias e Inglaterra en el último tercio del siglo XVII a partir del análisis de los importadores de malvasía, quienes, pese al fracaso de la Canary Company, lograron ejercer una influencia indiscutible sobre los intercambios con las islas. La fuente utilizada son los wine port books de la capital británica, documentación de carácter fiscal que permite reconstruir la identidad de los importadores de vinos y determinar la importancia de cada uno de ellos de acuerdo con la cuantía de las transacciones que llevaban a cabo. En la segunda parte del texto se abordan los conflictos surgidos tanto en las islas como en las colonias británicas de América del norte —especialmente en Nueva Inglaterra— a partir de la aprobación de las leyes de navegación de 1660-1663, leyes que impedían el comercio directo con Canarias This article offers new insights into the wine trade between the Canaries and England by analysing the key role played by a small group of merchants who, in spite of the failure of the Canary Company, dominated the trade in the last third of the seveneteenth century. It is based on the data from the wine port books of London, a primary source that contains the names of the importers as well as the amount of wine each of them brought to the British capital. In the second part of the article, the confrontations that took place between the Canary merchants in London and Tenerife and the British consuls in the Canaries, and between merchants settled in the British colonies of America and the representatives of the Crown in those territories are discussed. The confrontations intensified after the passing of the Navigation Acts of 1660-1663 that forbade direct trade from the Canaries to the British colonies in North America and the Caribbean Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad HAR2013-42300-P