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Adolescents are advised to sleep for 8 to 10 hours per night, but most do not sleep for this recommended amount. Poor adolescent sleep is associated with many detrimental health outcomes, including reduced physical activity levels, risk-taking behaviors and increased levels of depression and anxiety, making this a significant public health concern. Existing interventions targeting adolescent sleep are often unsuccessful or their effectiveness unclear, as they are frequently non-interactive, do not address age-specific needs, are time-consuming and lack a strong theoretical foundation. The main goal of this study is to understand the acceptability and feasibility of a web and person-based sleep intervention (called SleepWise) aimed at adolescents.

El tractament quirúrgic pot unfluir en la qualitat de vida relacionada amb la salut (QVRS) de les dones amb cáncer de mama. Es descriuen les característiques de les paciente, l 'evolució de la seua QVRS i les diferències segons la intervenció quirúrgiaca. La QVRD s'ha mesurat mitjançant el EuroQol-5D, EORTC QLQ-C30 i EORTC QLQ-BR23. Es van incloure 205 pacients. Respecte al EuroQol, l'Escala Visual Analògica va millorar (P>0.0001), però, la tarifa no va mostrar canvis significatius (P=0.1323). En canvi, EORTC QLQ-C30 va millorar (p>0.0001). Hi ha beneficis del a cirurgia conservadora en QVRS, la qual va ser bona y va millorar amb el seguiment.

CDK8 and CDK19 form a highly conserved cyclin-dependent kinase subfamily that binds to and inhibits the essential transcription complex, Mediator, and is thought to also activate gene expression by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Cells lacking either CDK8 or CDK19 are viable and have somewhat limited transcriptional alterations, but how they regulate expression of different genes has not been explained, and whether one of the two kinases must be expressed to allow cell differentiation is unknown. Here, we find that CDK8 and CDK19 are largely functionally redundant for tissue-specific gene expression. Genetic deletion of CDK8 in mice does not affect normal intestinal homeostasis and efficient tumourigenesis, and CDK8 is not required in vivo in cells lacking the main PolII CTD kinase, CDK7. Individual knockout of genes encoding CDK8 or CDK19 in intestinal organoids has only limited effects on gene expression due to their extensive functional redundancy in control of gene expression. Surprisingly, although their combined deletion in organoids reduces longterm proliferative capacity, it is not lethal and allows differentiation. Nevertheless, either CDK8 or CDK19 is required to maintain expression of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) pathway. In double mutant organoids, the CFTR pathway is downregulated, leading to mucus accumulation and increased secretion by goblet cells. Pharmacological inhibition indicates that expression and function of the CFTR pathway is dependent on CDK8/19 kinase activity. We conclude that expression of the Mediator kinases is not essential for cell proliferation and differentiation, but they cooperate to regulate tissuespecific transcriptional programmes.

High levels of labour productivity growth are a key element to maintaining high standards of living in the long run in Europe. However, the EU has been experiencing a significant slowdown in labour productivity and total factor productivity growth, a phenomenon which has even exacerbated over the last decade, contrary to what would be expected in the recovery from the financial crisis. The trends and driving forces of the current sluggish productivity growth in Europe are analysed in this report with a special emphasis on services. After reviewing the literature in the field, the report zooms in on the role played by factors such as structural change, intangible investments, firm size distribution, firm demography, labour dynamics, zombie firms, business cycle dynamics and public expenditure and assesses their impact on productivity growth based on a variety of data sources and methodologies. The report focusses on the main results at EU level and includes some cross-country and cross-sectoral comparisons wherever possible., JRC.B.7-Knowledge for Finance, Innovation and Growth

Trabajo Fin de Grado en Derecho y Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Curso Académico 2019-2020

Real GDP measured from the output side, GDP(O), should equal real GDP measured from the expenditure side, GDP(E), just as corresponding two approaches to measuring GDP in current prices are necessarily equal. But this is only the case even in theory if real value added in each industry is measured by double deflation. We set out the theory of double deflation using a matrix algebra treatment based on the framework of the Supply and Use Tables. The context is the UK’s national accounts which measures volume growth by chained Laspeyres indices and which currently use single not double deflation. Initially we use simplified assumptions about prices. Later we introduce more realistic assumptions. We analyse the conditions on prices under which real GDP(O) equals real GDP(E). We consider three alternative methods of implementing double deflation. The preferred method makes use of all the price indices which the Office for National Statistics currently collects: Producer Price Indices, Services Producer Price Indices, Consumer Price Indices, Export Price Indices and Import Price Indices. We implement a simplified version of double deflation, using the same data as in the latest vintage of the national accounts, and compare our estimates with the official ones. In this version the same price index is used for each product regardless of whether the product is an output or an input. We find that double-deflated industry growth rates are consistently lower than the official single-deflated ones and also considerably more variable year-to-year. We interpret this finding as reinforcing the case for careful selection of the set of deflators to use for double deflation.

This paper tests whether the job security offered by stricter employment protection legislation (EPL) undermines positive compensating wage differentials that would otherwise be paid. Specifically, we ask whether industries with relatively more need for layoffs and labour flexibility have lower wages in countries where stricter EPL protects workers from layoffs. We find this generally to be true for a large sample of industries in the major OECD countries over 1984-2005, particularly for wages of unskilled workers. However, we also find that where workers are well organised, they can take advantage of EPL to secure higher wages.

Introducción. Actualmente la intervención de Hartmann es una alternativa válida en el tratamiento de patologías de colon izquierdo o recto en pacientes ASA IV, con peritonitis fecaloidea, desnutridos, inmunodeprimidos o con inestabilidad hemodinámica. Se emplea en casos de riesgo de dehiscencia anastomótica, de recidiva tumoral o de incontinencia anal. Sin embargo, los factores relacionados con la decisión de reconstruir el tránsito intestinal no están tan bien establecidos. El objetivo principal del estudio consiste en determinar si existen factores que pueden predecir la reconstrucción intestinal tras una intervención de Hartmann. El análisis de las complicaciones de estas intervenciones y la determinación de los factores predictivos de ausencia de reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal pueden ayudar a realizar una precisa selección de los pacientes y ofrecer información preoperatoria individualizada sobre los resultados más probables de la intervención. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y longitudinal que incluye todos los pacientes sometidos a intervención de Hartmann desde Enero de 1999 hasta Diciembre 2014 en un hospital terciario universitario. No se excluyó ningún paciente candidato a una posible reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal. Las variables recogidas fueron clasificadas en 1) específicas del paciente: edad, sexo, IMC, riesgo ASA, índice de Charlson, incontinencia anal; 2) específicas de la enfermedad: tipo de patología (benigna vs maligna), diagnóstico principal, estadio tumoral, grado de contaminación peritoneal, 3) específicas del tratamiento: indicación de procedimiento de Hartmann, transfusión perioperatoria y postoperatoria, procedimiento quirúrgico principal, tipo de cirugía (programada vs urgente), tipo de cirujano (general vs colorrectal), longitud del muñón rectal, clasificación Clavien- Dindo, reingresos, causas de no reversión de la intervención de Hartmann. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la muestra. Se evaluó la asociación estadística entre las variables cualitativas con la prueba de 2 o prueba exacta de Fisher. Se compararon grupos mediante los tests U de Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis en función del tipo de variables. Se realizó un análisis univariante y multivariante mediante una regresión logística binaria. Además se realizó un árbol de clasificación y regresión. Por último, se elaboraron las curvas COR de cada modelo y se compararon entre sí mediante la prueba de DeLong. Resultados. Se incluyeron 533 pacientes consecutivos a los que se realizó un procedimiento de Hartmann. 110 (20,6%) pacientes fueron intervenidos para la reconstrucción intestinal. La edad media fue de 71,7 años. En el análisis multivariante se obtuvieron como factores independientes predictivos de presentar mayor probabilidad de reconstrucción del tránsito la edad inferior a 69 años, el grado ASA I ó II, la indicación de intervención de Hartmann por dehiscencia anastomótica y la altura del muñón rectal por encima del promontorio sacro o a la altura del mismo. Sin embargo, los factores independientes predictivos de una menor probabilidad de reconstrucción fueron la incontinencia anal, estadio IV, recibir transfusión postoperatoria o realizar intervención de Hartmann de forma programada. Del árbol de clasificación se deduce que un paciente de edad inferior a 69 años, que presente baja comorbilidad, con un muñón rectal en el promontorio o por encima de éste y que no haya requerido transfusión tendrá un 85% de probabilidad de reconstrucción intestinal. Discusión. La identificación de factores predictivos de restauración de la continuidad intestinal puede servir para aconsejar a los pacientes y ayudar a los cirujanos a escoger la mejor opción, tanto antes de la realización de una intervención de Hartmann, como en el momento de indicar su reconstrucción. Conclusión. Edad, riesgo ASA, indicación de procedimiento de Hartmann, longitud del muñón rectal, incontinencia anal, estadio tumoral, transfusión postoperatoria y cirugía programada pueden predecir la reconstrucción de la intervención de Hartmann., Introduction. Hartmann´s procedure is still a valid alternative in the treatment of pathologies of the left colon or rectum in patients having an ASA score IV, feculent peritonitis, malnutrition, immunosuppression or with hemodynamic instability. Hartmann´s procedure is mainly indicated in cases of high risk of anastomotic leakage, local tumor recurrence or anal incontinence. However, the factors related to the decision to restore intestinal continuity are not well established. The main objective of this study was to determine predictive factors of Hartmann´s reversal. The analysis of the morbidity of those interventions and the identification of predictive factors of intestinal transit reconstruction could ease an accurate selection of patients and give individualized preoperative counselling providing information on the most likely outcomes of the intervention. Material and methods. A retrospective observational study in which all consecutive patients that underwent Hartmann´s procedure from January 1999 to December 2014 in a tertiary University Hospital were included. No patient with a possible intestinal continuity restoration was excluded. The data collected were classified into 1) patient-specific: age, sex, body mass index, ASA score, Charlson index, anal incontinence; 2) disease-specific: type of disorder (benign vs malignant), main diagnosis, tumor stage, degree of peritoneal contamination, 3) treatment-specific: period of years of surgery, indication of Hartmann´s procedure, perioperative and postoperative transfusion, main surgical procedure, type of surgery (elective vs urgent), type of surgeon (general vs colorrectal), length of the rectal stump, Clavien-Dindo classification, readmission rate, causes of nonreversal Hartmann´s procedure. A descriptive analysis was performed. The 2 test or the Fisher exact test were used for categorical variables. Comparisons between groups were made using Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables, where appropriate. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression model were used. Further, a classification and regression tree was performed. Finally, COR curves of each model were elaborated and compared with the DeLong test. Results. A total of 533 consecutive patients underwent Hartmann’s procedure. 110 (20,8%) patients underwent Hartmann´s reversal procedure. Mean age was 71,7 years. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent predictors of higher probability of intestinal transit reversal were age lower than 69 years, ASA grade I or II, indication of HP for anastomotic leak and the rectal stump above or at the sacral promontory. However, the independent factors related to a reduced probability of intestinal reconstruction following HP were anal incontinence, stage IV, postoperative transfusion or elective Hartmann's intervention. From the classification tree it is deduced that a patient below 69 years of age who presents low comorbidity, with a rectal stump at or above the promontory and that did not require perioperative transfusion would have 85% of probability of intestinal transit reconstruction. Discussion. Identification of predictive factors of intestinal continuity restoration may help surgeons to inform the patient and to choose the better option, both before performing a Hartmann procedure, and at the time of indicating reconstruction of intestinal continuity. Conclusion. Age, ASA, indication of Hartmann’s procedure, length of rectal stump, anal incontinence, tumor stage, postoperative transfusion and elective surgery can predict Hartmann’s reversal.

Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre la importancia de enseñar diferentes procesos morfológicos en el aula de español como lengua extranjera. Se centra, en particular, en la morfología derivativa, concretamente en la prefijación negativa This work is a reflection on the importance of teaching different morphological processes in the classroom of Spanish as a foreign language. It focuses in particular on the derivational morphology, specifically in the negative prefixes

This study analyses the impact of knowledge assets on productivity and technical efficiency in the EU, as well as their role in the process of knowledge transfer. The analysis covers the role of the institutional and regulatory environment in affecting productivity and technical efficiency and how different regulations interact with both the accumulation of knowledge assets and the transfer of technology. Special emphasis is put on the analysis of trends and performance within the EU, across countries and sectors. The trends and performance of the EU at aggregate and sectoral levels are also contrasted with those of other major competitors, such as the United States, Japan or Korea. Further, the effects of the recent crisis on productivity and efficiency at firm level are explored.

Este trabajo no se limita solo a comparar a los autores Julio Cortázar y Pere Calders sino que pretende ser una modesta aproximación a unas técnicas narrativas relacionadas con lo fantástico y que ambos autores comparten, de manera que quedan excluidos del análisis aquellos rasgos narrativos particulares, biografía y temas ajenos al objetivo del trabajo

El tractament quirúrgic pot unfluir en la qualitat de vida relacionada amb la salut (QVRS) de les dones amb cáncer de mama. Es descriuen les característiques de les paciente, l ´evolució de la seua QVRS i les diferències segons la intervenció quirúrgiaca. La QVRD s´ha mesurat mitjançant el EuroQol-5D, EORTC QLQ-C30 i EORTC QLQ-BR23. Es van incloure 205 pacients. Respecte al EuroQol, l´Escala Visual Analògica va millorar (P&0.0001), però, la tarifa no va mostrar canvis significatius (P=0.1323). En canvi, EORTC QLQ-C30 va millorar (p&0.0001). Hi ha beneficis del a cirurgia conservadora en QVRS, la qual va ser bona y va millorar amb el seguiment.

Regulations and institutional factors can determine economic performance by influencing the efficiency with which the product and labour markets operate. This paper reviews the main theoretical channels by which regulation can have an impact on economic outcomes, such as productivity, investment, innovation and employment, and examine some of the empirical relationships found in the literature. The paper highlights evidence that points to positive effects that de-regulation of the product markets have on performance, , focusing especially on the indirect effects associated with de-regulation of key services sectors. Special attention is paid to two services sectors widely sheltered from competition forces, namely professional services and the financial sector. The paper also discusses aspects of labour market regulation. It concludes that the channels underpinning associations between regulation an

[ES] En el yacimiento romano de Huete (Cuenca) fue encontrado en una estancia de la que parece ser el área pública de la ciudad un mosaico que representaba un motivo de laberinto enmarcado por muralla. Aunque el emblema central no se ha conservado, suponemos que figuraba la lucha entre Teseo y el Minotauro, que nos transporta al mito cretense. Los paralelos conocidos de laberintos se ubican, sobre todo, en la mitad occidental del Imperio Romano, junto con Chipre, pues representan una seña de romanidad, de aceptación de las modas y costumbres romanas. Sin embargo, aunque no son numerosos los ejemplos conocidos en la Península Ibérica, se han documentado en lugares distantes, mostrando la amplia difusión del motivo. En todos los casos se datan entre mediados del s. II d.C. y mediados del s. III d.C. La función de estos mosaicos era no sólo decorativa, sino que se buscaba proteger el edificio que lo albergaba contra los maleficios, al representar la lucha y triunfo del héroe sobre el mal. Actualmente el mosaico se encuentra desaparecido, pero los escasos restos conservados fueron dibujados en los años 70 del siglo pasado. A partir de esta documentación, se ha reconstruido el laberinto que representa y se ha insertado en la planta de la habitación correspondiente, simulando su colocación original. El resto de imágenes muestran paralelos del laberinto o la iconografía de la lucha de Teseo y el Minotauro en soportes diversos (mosaico, cerámica y numismática)., [EN] A mosaic, representing a labyrinth surrounded by a wall, was found in a room that is part of the supposed public area of the city, in the Roman site of Huete (Cuenca). Although the central motif is not kept, we think that it depicted the fight between Theseus and the Minotaur, which leads us to the Cretan myth. The documented parallels of the labyrinth are, above all, from the western half of the Roman Empire, along with Cyprus, because they display a sign of the Roman Civilization, meaning the acceptance of the Roman fashions and customs. Although there are not many examples known in the Iberian Peninsula, they have been discovered in distant places, what proves the wide spreading of the motif. All of them are dated from the mid-second century to the mid-third century. The role of these mosaics was not only decorative, but its function was also to protect the building against the curses, because they symbolized the heroe fighting and defeating the evil. Nowadays the mosaic is lost, but its scarce remains were drawed in the ‘70s of the 20th century. From that document, as shown in the Figure 3, the labyrinth has been reconstructed (Figure 4) and inserted in the layout of the room where it was, simulating its original positioning. The rest of the figures show parallels for the labyrinth or the iconography of the fight between Theseus and the Minotaur on different materials (mosaic, pottery and numismatic).

We employ the EU KLEMS database to estimate the real rate of return to capital in 14 countries (11 in the EU, three outside the EU) in 10 branches of the market economy plus the market economy as a whole. Our measure of capital is an aggregate over seven types of asset: three ICT assets (computers, communications equipment, and software) and four non-ICT assets (machinery and equipment, nonresidential structures, transport equipment, and other). The real rate of return in the market economy does not vary very much across countries, with the exception of Spain where it is exceptionally high and in Italy where it is exceptionally low. The real rate appears to be trendless in most countries. Within each country however, the rate varies widely across the 10 branches, often being implausibly high or low. We also estimate the growth of capital services by two different methods: ex-post and exante, and the contribution of capital to output growth by three methods: ex-post, ex-ante and hybrid. Our implementation of the ex-ante method uses an estimate of the required rate of return for each country instead of the actual, average rate of return to calculate user costs and also employs the expected growth of asset prices rather than the actual growth. These estimates are derived from exactly the same data as for the ex-post method, ie without any extraneous data being employed. For estimating the contribution of capital to output growth, the ex-ante method uses ex-ante profit as the weight, while both the ex-post and the hybrid method use ex-post profit. We find that the three methods produce very similar results at the market economy level. But differences are much larger at the branch level, particularly between the ex-post and ex-ante methods.

Tesis doctoral inédita de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Preshistoria y Arqueología . Fecha de lectura: 19-06-07

Trabajo enmarcado dentro del Proyecto Europeo Inter-Sign en el que participan los siguientes grupos de investigación: el Centre for Deaf Suidies de la Universidad de Bristol (Reino Unido), coordinador del proyecto, la Deaf Studies Research Unit de la Universidad de Durham (Reino Unido), el Institute for General Linguistics de la Universidad de Amsterdam (Holanda). el Institute di Psicologia del CNR de Roma (Italia), el Centre for Total Communication de Copenhague (Dinamarca), la Casa Pía de Lisboa (Portugal) y el Centro de Desarrollo Curricular del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. Madrid (España). Asesoramiento metodológico: José Antonio Corraliza Resumen basado en el de la publicación Contiene anexos Se presenta un estudio descriptivo de la población adulta sorda de Madrid que recoge y analiza algunas características del modo de vida de las personas sordas de esta ciudad en aspectos como su situación laboral, sus relaciones familiares, ocio, asociacionismo, educación, etc. indagando siempre en dos direcciones: sobre la situación real y sobre las opiniones y actitudes de los encuestados hacia los diferentes temas. Se trata de una réplica de un estudio anterior realizado en el Reino Unido en 1982, en el Condado de Avon, y dirigido por el Dr. Jim Kyle de la Universidad de Bristol, y que sirvió, en su día, para desmitificar y clarificar algunas ideas preconcebidas de las personas sordas, como que no se comunican o que se sienten aisladas de la sociedad. Al ser el primer estudio de estas características que se realiza en nuestro país, sus resultados ofrecen una descripción muy general de la situación del colectivo en varios ámbitos de interés, por lo que puede servir como punto de partida para posteriores investigaciones centradas en aspectos más concretos. Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ESP