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1. DESERT Dead Sea Rift Transect : an interdisciplinary research project to study the Dead Sea Transform

Author

Weber, Michael, Abu-Ayyash, K., Abueladas, A., Agnon, A., Alasonati Tasárová, Z., Al-Zubi, H., Babeyko, Andrey, Bartov, Y., Bauer, Klaus, Becken, M., Bedrosia, P. A., Ben-Avraham, Z., Bock, G., Bohnhoff, Marco, Bribach, Jens, Dulski, Peter, Ebbing, J., El- Kelani, R., Förster, Andrea, Förster, Hans-Jürgen, Frieslander, U., Garfunkel, Z., Goetze, H. J., Haak, V., Haberland, Christian, Hassouneh, M., Helwig, S., Hofstetter, A., Hoffmann-Rothe, A., Jäckel, K. H., Janssen, Christoph, Jaser, D., Kesten, D., Khatib, M., Kind, Rainer, Koch, O., Koulakov, I., Laske, G., Maercklin, N., Masarweh, R., Masri, A., Matar, A., Mechie, James, Meqbel, Naser, Plessen, Birgit, Möller, P., Mohsen, Ayman, Oberhänsli, R., Oreshin, S., Petrunin, Alexey, Qabbani, I., Rabba, I., Ritter, Oliver, Romer, Rolf., Rümpker, G., Rybakov, M., Ryberg, Trond, Saul, Joachim, Scherbaum, F., Schmidt, S., Schulze, A., Sobolev, Stephan V., Stiller, Manfred, Stromeyer, Dietrich, Tarawneh, K., Trela, C., Weckmann, Ute, Wetzel, Hans-Ulrich, and Wylegalla, K.

Abstract

Scientific Technical Report STR; 09/08, This volume contains the results of the DESERT project running from 2000 to 2006. It opens with a review paper (DESERT Group, 2009) followed by 33 special papers, see list of content (529 pages).

Published
2009

2. The Deep Structure Across the Southern Dead Sea Basin as Revealed by SeismicWide-Angle Reflection / Refraction Profiling from the DESIRE Project

Author

Mechie, J., Weber, M., Abu-Ayyash, K., Ben-Avraham, Z., El-Kelani, R., Qabbani, I., DESIRE GROUP, 2.4 Seismology, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 4.1 Reservoir Technologies, 4.0 Chemistry and Material Cycles, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 2.3 Earth's Magnetic Field, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 5.4 Hydrology, 5.0 Earth Surface Processes, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 1.4 Remote Sensing, 1.0 Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, and 2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
550 - Earth sciences
Abstract

As part of the DESIRE project a 240 km long seismic wide-angle reflection / refraction (WRR) profile was completed in spring 2006 across the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in the region of the southern Dead Sea basin. The DST with a total of about 105 km multi-stage left-lateral shear since about 18 Ma ago, accommodates the movement between the Arabian and African plates. It connects the spreading centre in the Red Sea with the Taurus collision zone in Turkey over a length of about 1100 km. With a sedimentary infill of about 10 km in places, the southern Dead Sea basin is the largest pull-apart basin along the DST and one of the largest pull-apart basins on Earth. The WRR measurements comprised 11 shots recorded by 200 three-component and 400 one-component instruments spaced 300 m to 1.2 km apart along the whole length of the E-W trending profile. Models of the P-wave velocity structure derived from the WRR data show that the sedimentary infill associated with the formation of the southern Dead Sea basin is about 8.5 km thick beneath the profile. With around an additional 2 km of older sediments, the depth to the seismic basement beneath the southern Dead Sea basin is about 11 km below sea level beneath the profile. In contrast, the interfaces below about 20 km depth, including the top of the lower crust and the Moho, show less than 3 km variation in depth beneath the profile as it crosses the southern Dead Sea basin. Thus the Dead Sea pull-apart basin might be essentially an upper crustal feature with N-S upper crustal extension associated with the left-lateral motion along the DST. E-W extension may be a very minor component. The boundary between the upper and lower crust at about 20 km depth could act as a decoupling zone. Below this boundary the two plates move past each other in what may be essentially a shearing motion. Thermo-mechanical modelling of the Dead Sea basin supports such a scenario.

Published
2008

3. A Seismic Wide-Angle Reflection / Refraction Profile Across the Southern Dead Sea Basin

Author

Mechie, J., Stiller, M., Meiler, M., Weber, M., Abu-Ayyash, K., Ben-Avraham, Z., El-Kelani, R., Qabbani, I., DESIRE Group, 2.4 Seismology, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 4.1 Reservoir Technologies, 4.0 Chemistry and Material Cycles, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 2.3 Earth's Magnetic Field, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 5.4 Hydrology, 5.0 Earth Surface Processes, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, and 2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
550 - Earth sciences
Published
2007

4. Seismic Wide-Angle Reflection/Refraction Profiling from the DESIRE Project Reveals the Deep Structure Across the Southern Dead Sea Basin

Author

Weber, M., Mechie, J., Abu-Ayyash, K., Ben-Avraham, Z., El-Kelani, R., Qabbani, I., DESIRE Group, 2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 2.4 Seismology, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 5.4 Hydrology, 5.0 Earth Surface Processes, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 2.3 Earth's Magnetic Field, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, and 4.1 Reservoir Technologies, 4.0 Chemistry and Material Cycles, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
550 - Earth sciences
Published
2007

5. A Seismic Profile Across the Southern Dead Sea Basin

Author

Mechie, J., Stiller, M., Meiler, M., Weber, M., Abu-Ayyash, K., Ben-Avraham, Z., El-Kelani, R., Qabbani, I., DESIRE Group, 2.4 Seismology, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 4.1 Reservoir Technologies, 4.0 Chemistry and Material Cycles, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 2.3 Earth's Magnetic Field, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 5.4 Hydrology, 5.0 Earth Surface Processes, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 1.4 Remote Sensing, 1.0 Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, and 2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
550 - Earth sciences
Published
2006

6. DESERT - A multi-scale study of a large active shear zone, the Dead Sea Transform

Author

Weber, M., Ben-Avraham, Z., Abu-Ayyash, K., El-Kelani, R., DESERT Working Group, 2.3 Earth's Magnetic Field, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 4.1 Reservoir Technologies, 4.0 Chemistry and Material Cycles, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, and 2.4 Seismology, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
550 - Earth sciences
Published
2002

7. Wide-Angle Seismic Data Reveal Structure Across the Jordan-Dead Sea Rift (Transform)

Author

Mechie, J., Weber, M., Abu-Ayyash, K., Ben-Avraham, Z., El-Kelani, R., DESERT 2000 Group, 4.1 Reservoir Technologies, 4.0 Chemistry and Material Cycles, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, 2.4 Seismology, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, and 2.3 Earth's Magnetic Field, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
550 - Earth sciences
Published
2001

8. The crustal structure of the Dead Sea transform

Author

DESERT Working Group, Weber, M., Abu-Ayyash, K., Abueladas, A., Agnon, A., Al-Amoush, H., Babeyko, A., Bartov, Y., Baumann, M., Ben-Avraham, Z., Bock, G., Bribach, J., El-Kelani, R., Förster, A., Förster, H., Frieslander, U., Garfunkel, Z., Grunewald, S., Götze, H., Haak, V., Haberland, C., Hassouneh, M., Helwig, S., Hofstetter, A., Jaeckel, K., Kesten, D., Kind, R., Maercklin, N., Mechie, J., Mohsen, A., Neubauer, F., Oberhänsli, R., Qabbani, I., Ritter, O., Rümpker, G., Rybakov, M., Ryberg, T., Scherbaum, F., Schmidt, J., Schulze, A., Sobolev, S., Stiller, M., Thoss, H., Weckmann, U., Wylegalla, K., and 2.3 Earth's Magnetic Field, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
Tectonics, Geophysics, Basement (geology), Geochemistry and Petrology, Reflection (physics), Transform fault, 550 - Earth sciences, Crust, Shear zone, Deformation (meteorology), Refraction, Seismology, Geology
Abstract

SUMMARY To address one of the central questions of plate tectonics—How do large transform systems work and what are their typical features?—seismic investigations across the Dead Sea Transform (DST), the boundary between the African and Arabian plates in the Middle East, were conducted for the first time. A major component of these investigations was a combined reflection/refraction survey across the territories of Palestine, Israel and Jordan. The main results of this study are: (1) The seismic basement is offset by 3–5 km under the DST, (2) The DST cuts through the entire crust, broadening in the lower crust, (3) Strong lower crustal reflectors are imaged only on one side of the DST, (4) The seismic velocity sections show a steady increase in the depth of the crust-mantle transition (Moho) from ∼26 km at the Mediterranean to ∼39 km under the Jordan highlands, with only a small but visible, asymmetric topography of the Moho under the DST. These observations can be linked to the left-lateral movement of 105 km of the two plates in the last 17 Myr, accompanied by strong deformation within a narrow zone cutting through the entire crust. Comparing the DST and the San Andreas Fault (SAF) system, a strong asymmetry in subhorizontal lower crustal reflectors and a deep reaching deformation zone both occur around the DST and the SAF. The fact that such lower crustal reflectors and deep deformation zones are observed in such different transform systems suggests that these structures are possibly fundamental features of large transform plate boundaries.

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