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1. Pasta consumption and connected dietary habits: Associations with glucose control, adiposity measures, and cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes—TOSCA.IT study

Author

G. Citro, Carla Giordano, Sara Grioni, Vittorio Krogh, Olga Vaccaro, Giovanna Gregori, Antonio Bossi, A. C. Babini, L. Tonutti, Giovanni Sartore, Maria Masulli, Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre, Graziano Di Cianni, L. Corsi, Rossella Iannarelli, Elisabetta Dall'Aglio, Gabriele Riccardi, Enzo Bonora, Raffaella Buzzetti, Stefania Auciello, Angela A. Rivellese, Michele Sacco, Marilena Vitale, Gennaro Clemente, Vitale M., Masulli M., Rivellese A.A., Bonora E., Babini A.C., Sartore G., Corsi L., Buzzetti R., Citro G., Baldassarre M.P.A., Bossi A.C., Giordano C., Auciello S., Dall'aglio E., Iannarelli R., Tonutti L., Sacco M., Cianni G.D., Clemente G., Gregori G., Grioni S., Krogh V., Riccardi G., Vaccaro O., Vitale, M., Masulli, M., Rivellese, A. A., Bonora, E., Babini, A. C., Sartore, G., Corsi, L., Buzzetti, R., Citro, G., Baldassarre, M. P. A., Bossi, A. C., Giordano, C., Auciello, S., Dall'Aglio, E., Iannarelli, R., Tonutti, L., Sacco, M., Cianni, G. D., Clemente, G., Gregori, G., Grioni, S., Krogh, V., Riccardi, G., and Vaccaro, O.

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, cardiovascular risk factors, Adolescent, Saturated fat, lcsh:TX341-641, Type 2 diabetes, Added sugar, Dietary habit, Cardiovascular risk factor, Article, Settore MED/13 - Endocrinologia, Young Adult, Environmental health, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose control, medicine, body mass index, dietary habits, glucose control, pasta consumption, type 2 diabetes, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Child, Body mass index, Adiposity, Aged, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Pasta consumption, Confounding, food and beverages, Feeding Behavior, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Obesity, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Italy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, business, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food Science
Abstract

Background: Pasta is a refined carbohydrate with a low glycemic index. Whether pasta shares the metabolic advantages of other low glycemic index foods has not really been investigated. The aim of this study is to document, in people with type-2 diabetes, the consumption of pasta, the connected dietary habits, and the association with glucose control, measures of adiposity, and major cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We studied 2562 participants. The dietary habits were assessed with the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) questionnaire. Sex-specific quartiles of pasta consumption were created in order to explore the study aims. Results: A higher pasta consumption was associated with a lower intake of proteins, total and saturated fat, cholesterol, added sugar, and fiber. Glucose control, body mass index, prevalence of obesity, and visceral obesity were not significantly different across the quartiles of pasta intake. No relation was found with LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, but there was an inverse relation with HDL-cholesterol. Systolic blood pressure increased with pasta consumption, but this relation was not confirmed after correction for confounders. Conclusions: In people with type-2 diabetes, the consumption of pasta, within the limits recommended for total carbohydrates intake, is not associated with worsening of glucose control, measures of adiposity, and major cardiovascular risk factors.

Published
2020
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2. Polyphenol intake and cardiovascular risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetes: The TOSCA.IT study

Author

Vitale M, Vaccaro O, Masulli M, Bonora E, Del Prato S, Giorda CB, Nicolucci A, Squatrito S, AUCIELLO, STEFANIA MICHELA, Babini AC, Bani L, Buzzetti R, Cannarsa E, Cignarelli M, Cigolini M, Clemente G, Cocozza S, Corsi L, D'Angelo F, Dall'Aglio E, Di Cianni G, Fontana L, Gregori G, Grioni S, Giordano C, Iannarelli R, Iovine C, Lapolla A, Lauro D, Laviola L, Mazzucchelli C, Signorini S, Tonutti L, TREVISAN, MARCO, Zamboni C, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, TOSCA. IT Study Group, Vitale, M, Vaccaro, O, Masulli, M, Bonora, E, Del Prato, S, Giorda, C, Nicolucci, A, Squatrito, S, Auciello, S, Babini, A, Bani, L, Buzzetti, R, Cannarsa, E, Cignarelli, M, Cigolini, M, Clemente, G, Cocozza, S, Corsi, L, D'Angelo, F, Dall'Aglio, E, Di Cianni, G, Fontana, L, Gregori, G, Grioni, S, Giordano, C, Iannarelli, R, Iovine, C, Lapolla, A, Lauro, D, Laviola, L, Mazzucchelli, C, Signorini, S, Tonutti, L, Trevisan, R, Zamboni, C, Riccardi, G, Rivellese, A, Giorda, Cb, Auciello, STEFANIA MICHELA, Babini, Ac, Trevisan, Marco, Rivellese, Aa, Tosca., IT Study Group, Bonora, E, Del Prato, S, Giorda, CB, Nicolucci, A, Squatrito S, Auciello S, Babini AC, Bani L, Buzzetti R, Cannarsa E, Cignarelli M, Cigolini M, Clemente G, Cocozza S, Corsi L, D'Angelo F, Dall'Aglio E, Di Cianni G, Fontana L, Gregori G, Grioni S, Giordano C, Iannarelli R, Iovine C, Lapolla A, Lauro D, Laviola L, Mazzucchelli C, Signorini S, Tonutti L, Trevisan R, Zamboni C, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, and TOSCA.IT Study Group

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Settore MED/13 - Endocrinologia, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Dietary polyphenols,Flavonoids,Phenolic acids,Cardiovascular risk,Type 2 diabetes,LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION,BLOOD-PRESSURE,DIETARY POLYPHENOLS,DARK CHOCOLATE,INSULIN SENSITIVITY,RANDOMIZED-TRIALS,DISEASE,METAANALYSIS,METABOLISM,CHOLESTEROL, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Hydroxybenzoates, Prospective Studies, Food science, Cardiovascular risk, Dietary polyphenols, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, education.field_of_study, Phenolic acid, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, food and beverages, Dietary polyphenol, Middle Aged, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Population, Cardiovascular risk, Dietary polyphenols, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Type 2 diabetes, 03 medical and health sciences, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, education, Triglycerides, Aged, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, C-reactive protein, Polyphenols, Cholesterol, LDL, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Diet, Cross-Sectional Studies, Nutrition Assessment, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Flavonoid, biology.protein, Glycated hemoglobin, business, Body mass index
Abstract

Background: The role of polyphenol intake on cardiovascular risk factors is little explored, particularly in people with diabetes. Aim: To evaluate the association between the intake of total polyphenols and polyphenol classes with the major cardiovascular risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Dietary habits were investigated in 2573 males and females participants of the TOSCA.IT study. The European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits. In all participants, among others, we assessed anthropometry, plasma lipids, blood pressure, C-reactive protein and HbA1c following a standard protocol. The USDA and Phenol-Explorer databases were used to estimate the polyphenol content of the habitual diet. Results: Average intake of polyphenols was 683.3 ± 5.8 mg/day. Flavonoids and phenolic acids were the predominant classes (47.5% and 47.4%, respectively). After adjusting for potential confounders, people with the highest intake of energy-adjusted polyphenols (upper tertile) had a more favorable cardiovascular risk factors profile as compared to people with the lowest intake (lower tertile) (BMI was 30.7 vs 29.9 kg/m2, HDL-cholesterol was 45.1 vs 46.9 mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol was 103.2 vs 102.1 mg/dl, triglycerides were 153.4 vs 148.0 mg/dl, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were respectively 135.3 vs 134.3 and 80.5 vs 79.6 mm/Hg, HbA1c was 7.70 vs 7.67%, and C-reactive Protein was 1.29 vs 1.25 mg/dl, p < .001 for all). The findings were very similar when the analysis was conducted separately for flavonoids or phenolic acids, the two main classes of polyphenols consumed in this population. Conclusions: Polyphenol intake is associated with a more favorable cardiovascular risk factors profile, independent of major confounders. These findings support the consumption of foods and beverages rich in different classes of polyphenols particularly in people with diabetes. Clinical trial: . http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Study ID number: . NCT00700856. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.

Published
2017
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3. Dietary inflammatory index score, glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors profile in people with type 2 diabetes

Author

Angela A. Rivellese, James R. Hébert, Stefania Auciello, Giovanni Sartore, Elena Massimino, Vittorio Krogh, Stefano Signorini, Maria Masulli, Ilaria Calabrese, Marilena Vitale, Gabriele Riccardi, Nitin Shivappa, Sara Grioni, Olga Vaccaro, Vitale, M., Calabrese, I., Massimino, E., Shivappa, N., Hebert, J. R., Auciello, S., Grioni, S., Krogh, V., Sartore, G., Signorini, S., Rivellese, A. A., Riccardi, G., Vaccaro, O., and Masulli, M.

Subjects
Blood Glucose, cardiovascular risk factors, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Index (economics), endocrine system diseases, Glucose control, Cardiovascular risk factors, Blood Pressure, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Dietary Inflammatory Index, Body Mass Index, body weight, 03 medical and health sciences, glucose control, plasma lipids, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Plasma lipids, cardiovascular risk factor, Humans, Medicine, Risk factor, Triglycerides, Aged, Inflammation, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Feeding Behavior, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diet, Index score, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Italy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Female, Waist Circumference, business, Biomarkers, Food Science
Abstract

We examined the relationships between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®), dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factor profiles in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII™) scores were calculated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire in 2568 T2DM patients from different parts of Italy. Analyses were conducted according to quartiles of sex-specific E-DII scores. Higher, more pro-inflammatory, (quartile 4) E-DII scores were associated with overall poor quality of the diet characterised by higher content of refined carbohydrates, added sugars, saturated fat and cholesterol and lower unsaturated fat, fibre and polyphenols compared to quartile 1. Higher E-DII scores also were associated with higher waist circumference (105.4 vs. 103.5 cm; p = 0.002), triglycerides (154.6 vs. 146.1 mg/dL; p = 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (80.05 vs. 78.6 mmHg; p = 0.04) and lower HDL-cholesterol (45.3 vs. 47.4 mg/dL; p = 0.04). In conclusion, E-DII is a potent marker of overall quality of the diet and is associated with an unfavourable cardiovascular risk factor profile.

Published
2020
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4. Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (TOSCA.IT): a randomised, multicentre trial

Author

Vaccaro, O, Masulli, M, Nicolucci, A, Bonora, E, Del Prato, S, Maggioni, Ap, Rivellese, Aa, Squatrito, S, Giorda, Cb, Sesti, G, Mocarelli, P, Lucisano, G, Sacco, M, Signorini, S, Cappellini, F, Perriello, G, Babini, Ac, Lapolla, A, Gregori, G, Giordano, C, Corsi, L, Buzzetti, R, Clemente, G, Di Cianni, G, Iannarelli, R, Cordera, R, La Macchia, O, Zamboni, C, Scaranna, C, Boemi, M, Iovine, C, Lauro, D, Leotta, S, Dall'Aglio, E, Cannarsa, E, Tonutti, L, Pugliese, G, Bossi, Ac, Anichini, R, Dotta, F, Di Benedetto, A, Citro, G, Antenucci, D, Ricci, L, Giorgino, F, Santini, C, Gnasso, A, De Cosmo, S, Zavaroni, D, Vedovato, M, Consoli, A, Calabrese, M, di Bartolo, P, Fornengo, P, Riccardi, G, IT) study group, Thiazolidinediones Or Sulfonylureas Cardiovascular Accidents Intervention Trial (TOSCA., Collaborators: Vaccaro O, Italian Diabetes Society., D'Angelo, F, Giansanti, R, Tanase, L, Lanari, L, Testa, I, Pancani, F, Ranchelli, A, Vagheggi, P, Scatona, A, Fontana, L, Laviola, L, Tarantino, L, Ippolito, C, Gigantelli, V, Manicone, M, Conte, E, Trevisan, R, Rota, R, Corsi, A, Dodesini, Ar, Reggiani, Gm, Montesi, L, Mazzella, N, Forlani, G, Caselli, C, Di Luzio, R, Mazzotti, A, Aiello, A, Barrea, A, Musto, A, D'Amico, F, Sinagra, T, Longhitano, S, Trowpea, V, Sparti, M, Italia, S, Lisi, E, Grasso, G, Pezzino, V, Insalaco, F, Carallo, C, Scicchitano, C, De Franceschi MS, Calbucci, G, Ripani, R, Cuneo, G, Corsi, S, Romeo, F, Lesina, A, Comoglio, M, Bonetto, C, Robusto, A, Nada, E, Asprino, V, Cetraro, R, Impieri, M, Lucchese, G, Donnarumma, G, Tizio, B, Lenza, L, Paraggio, P, Tomasi, F, Dozio, N, Scalambra, E, Mannucci, E, Lamanna, C, Cignarelli, M, Macchia, O, Fariello, S, Sorrentino, Mr, Franzetti, I, Radin, R, Annunziata, F, Bonabello, La, Durante, A, Dolcino, M, Gallo, F, Mazzucchelli, C, Aleo, A, Melga, P, Briatore, L, Maggi, D, Storace, D, Cecoli, F, D'Ugo, E, Pupillo, M, Baldassarre, Mpa, Salvati, F, Minnucci, A, De Luca, A, Zugaro, A, Santarelli, L, Bosco, A, Petrella, V, La Verghetta GG, De Gregorio, A, D'Andrea, S, Giuliani, Ae, Polidoro, Wl, Sperandio, A, Sciarretta, F, Pezzella, A, Carlone, A, Potenziani, S, Venditti, C, Foffi, C, Carbone, S, Cipolloni, L, Moretti, C, Leto, G, Serra, R, Petrachi, F, Romano, I, Lacaria, E, Russo, L, Goretti, C, Sannino, C, Dolci, M, Bruselli, L, Mori, Ml, Baccetti, F, Del Freo, M, Cucinotta, D, Giunta, L, Ruffo, Mc, Cannizzaro, D, Pintaudi, B, Perrone, G, Pata, P, Ragonese, F, Lettina, G, Mancuso, T, Coppolino, A, Piatti, Pm, Monti, L, Stuccillo, M, Lucotti, P, Setola, M, Crippa, Gv, Loi, C, Oldani, M, Bottalico, Ml, Pellegata, B, Bonomo, M, Menicatti, Lsm, Resi, V, Bertuzzi, F, Disoteo, Eo, Pizzi, G, Annuzzi, G, Capaldo, B, Nappo, R, Auciello, Sm, Turco, Aa, Costagliola, L, Corte, Gd, Vallefuoco, P, Nappi, F, Vitale, M, Cocozza, S, Ciano, O, Massimino, E, Garofalo, N, Avogaro, A, Guarneri, G, Fedele, D, Sartore, G, Chilelli, Nc, Burlina, S, Bonsembiante, B, Galluzzo, A, Torregrossa, V, Mancastroppa, G, Arsenio, L, Cioni, F, Caronna, S, Papi, M, Babini, M, Santeusanio, F, Calagreti, G, Timi, A, Tantucci, A, Marino, C, Ginestra, F, Di Biagio, R, Taraborelli, M, Miccoli, R, Bianchi, C, Garofolo, M, Politi, Ks, Penno, G, Livraga, S, Calzoni, F, Mancastroppa, Glf, Corsini, E, Tedeschi, A, Gaglianò, Ms, Ippolito, G, Salutini, E, Cervellino, F, Natale, M, Salvatore, V, Zampino, A, Sinisi, R, Arcangeli, A, Zogheri, A, Guizzotti, S, Longo, R, Di Bartolo, P, Pellicano, F, Scolozzi, P, Termine, S, Luberto, A, Ballardini, G, Trojani, C, Mazzuca, P, Bruglia, M, Ciamei, M, Genghini, S, Zannoni, C, Rangel, G, Salvi, L, Zappaterreno, A, Cordone, S, Simonelli, P, Meggiorini, M, Frasheri, A, Di Pippo, C, Maglio, C, Mazzitelli, G, Rinaldi, Me, Galli, A, Romano, M, D'Angelo, P, Suraci, C, Bacci, S, Palena, Ap, Genovese, S, Mancino, M, Rondinelli, M, Capone, F, Calabretto, E, Bulgheroni, M, Bucciarelli, L, Ceccarelli, E, Fondelli, C, Santacroce, C, Guarino, E, Nigi, L, Lalli, C, Di Vizia, G, Scarponi, M, Montani, V, Di Bernardino, P, Romagni, P, Dolcetti, K, Forte, E, Tamburo, L, Perin, Pc, Prinzis, T, Gruden, G, Bruno, G, Zucco, C, Perotta, M, Marena, S, Monsignore, S, Panero, F, Ponzi, F, Carpinteri, R, Casagrande, Ml, Coletti, Mf, Balini, A, Filopanti, M, Madaschi, S, Pulcina, A, Grimaldi, F, Venturini, G, Agus, S, Pagnutti, S, Guidotti, F, Cavarape, A, Cigolini, M, Pichiri, I, Brangani, C, Fainelli, G, Tomasetto, E, Zoppini, G, Galletti, A, Perrone, D, Capra, C, Bianchini, F, Ceseri, M, Di Nardo, B, Sasso, E, Bartolomei, B, Suliman, I, Fabbri, G, Romano, G, Maturo, N, Nunziata, G, Capobianco, G, De Simone, G, Villa, V, Rota, G, Pentangelo, C, Carbonara, O, Caiazzo, G, Cutolo, M, Sorrentino, T, Mastrilli, V, Amelia, U, Masi, S, Corigliano, G, Gaeta, I, Armentano, V, Calatola, P, Capuano, G, Angiulli, B, Auletta, P, Petraroli, E, Iodice, Ce, Agrusta, M., Vaccaro, Olga, Masulli, Maria, Nicolucci, Antonio, Bonora, Enzo, Del Prato, Stefano, Maggioni, Aldo P, Rivellese, Angela A, Squatrito, Sebastiano, Giorda, Carlo B, Sesti, Giorgio, Mocarelli, Paolo, Lucisano, Giuseppe, Sacco, Michele, Signorini, Stefano, Cappellini, Fabrizio, Perriello, Gabriele, Babini, Anna Carla, Lapolla, Annunziata, Gregori, Giovanna, Giordano, Carla, Corsi, Laura, Buzzetti, Raffaella, Clemente, Gennaro, Di Cianni, Graziano, Iannarelli, Rossella, Cordera, Renzo, La Macchia, Olga, Zamboni, Chiara, Scaranna, Cristiana, Boemi, Massimo, Iovine, Ciro, Lauro, Davide, Leotta, Sergio, Dall'Aglio, Elisabetta, Cannarsa, Emanuela, Tonutti, Laura, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Bossi, Antonio C, Anichini, Roberto, Dotta, Francesco, Di Benedetto, Antonino, Citro, Giuseppe, Antenucci, Daniela, Ricci, Lucia, Giorgino, Francesco, Santini, Costanza, Gnasso, Agostino, De Cosmo, Salvatore, Zavaroni, Donatella, Vedovato, Monica, Consoli, Agostino, Calabrese, Maria, Di Bartolo, Paolo, Fornengo, Paolo, Riccardi, Gabriele, Maggioni, Aldo Pietro, D'Angelo, Federica, Giansanti, Roberto, Tanase, Laura, Lanari, Luigi, Testa, Ivano, Pancani, Francesca, Ranchelli, Anna, Vagheggi, Paolo, Scatona, Alessia, Fontana, Lucia, Laviola, Luigi, Tarantino, Lucia, Ippolito, Claudia, Gigantelli, Vittoria, Manicone, Mariangela, Conte, Eleonora, Trevisan, Roberto, Rota, Rossella, Corsi, Anna, Dodesini, Alessandro R., Reggiani, Giulio Marchesini, Montesi, Luca, Mazzella, Natalia, Forlani, Gabriele, Caselli, Chiara, Di Luzio, Raffaella, Mazzotti, Arianna, Aiello, Antimo, Barrea, Angelina, Musto, Antonio, D'Amico, Fiorentina, Sinagra, Tiziana, Longhitano, Sara, Trowpea, Vanessa, Sparti, Maria, Italia, Salvatore, Lisi, Enrico, Grasso, Giuseppe, Pezzino, Vincenzo, Insalaco, Federica, Carallo, Claudio, Scicchitano, Caterina, De Franceschi, Maria Serena, Calbucci, Giovanni, Ripani, Raffaella, Cuneo, Giacomo, Corsi, Simona, Giorda, Carlo B., Romeo, Francesco, Lesina, Annalisa, Comoglio, Marco, Bonetto, Caterina, Robusto, Anna, Nada, Elisa, Asprino, Vincenzo, Cetraro, Rosa, Impieri, Michelina, Lucchese, Giuseppe, Donnarumma, Giovanna, Tizio, Biagio, Lenza, Lazzaro, Paraggio, Pia, Tomasi, Franco, Dozio, Nicoletta, Scalambra, Egle, Mannucci, Edoardo, Lamanna, Caterina, Cignarelli, Mauro, Macchia, Olga La, Fariello, Stefania, Sorrentino, Maria Rosaria, Franzetti, Ivano, Radin, Raffaella, Annunziata, Francesca, Bonabello, Laura Affinito, Durante, Arianna, Dolcino, Mara, Gallo, Fiorenza, Mazzucchelli, Chiara, Aleo, Anna, Melga, Pierluigi, Briatore, Lucia, Maggi, Davide, Storace, Daniela, Cecoli, Francesca, D'Ugo, Ercole, Pupillo, Mario, Baldassarre, Maria Pompea Antonia, Salvati, Filippo, Minnucci, Anita, De Luca, Angelo, Zugaro, Antonella, Santarelli, Livia, Bosco, Angela, Petrella, Vittorio, La Verghetta, Grazia Giovanna, De Gregorio, Antonella, D'Andrea, Settimio, Giuliani, Anna Elisa, Polidoro, W. Lorella, Sperandio, Alessandra, Sciarretta, Filomena, Pezzella, Alfonso, Carlone, Angela, Potenziani, Stella, Venditti, Chiara, Foffi, Chiara, Carbone, Salvatore, Cipolloni, Laura, Moretti, Chiara, Leto, Gaetano, Serra, Rosalia, Petrachi, Francesca, Romano, Isabella, Lacaria, Emilia, Russo, Laura, Goretti, Chiara, Sannino, Claudia, Dolci, Maria, Bruselli, Laura, Mori, Mary L., Baccetti, Fabio, Del Freo, Maria, Cucinotta, Domenico, Giunta, Loretta, Ruffo, Maria Concetta, Cannizzaro, Desiree, Pintaudi, Basilio, Perrone, Giovanni, Pata, Pietro, Ragonese, Francesco, Lettina, Gabriele, Mancuso, Teresa, Coppolino, Aldo, Piatti, Pier Marco, Monti, Lucilla, Stuccillo, Michela, Lucotti, Pietro, Setola, Manuela, Crippa, Giulia Valentina, Loi, Cinzia, Oldani, Matteo, Bottalico, Maria Luisa, Pellegata, Beatrice, Bonomo, Matteo, Menicatti, Laura Silvia Maria, Resi, Veronica, Bertuzzi, Federico, Disoteo, Eugenia Olga, Pizzi, Gianluigi, Rivellese, Angela Albarosa, Annuzzi, Giovanni, Capaldo, Brunella, Nappo, Rossella, Auciello, Stefania Michela, Turco, Anna Amelia, Costagliola, Lucia, Corte, Giuseppina Della, Vallefuoco, Pasquale, Nappi, Francesca, Vitale, Marilena, Cocozza, Sara, Ciano, Ornella, Massimino, Elena, Garofalo, Nadia, Avogaro, Angelo, Guarneri, Gabriella, Fedele, Domenico, Sartor, Giovanni, Chilelli, Nino Cristiano, Burlina, Silvia, Bonsembiante, Barbara, Galluzzo, Aldo, Torregrossa, Vittoria, Mancastroppa, Giovanni, Arsenio, Leone, Cioni, Federico, Caronna, Silvana, Papi, Matteo, Babini, Massimiliano, Santeusanio, Fausto, Calagreti, Gioia, Timi, Alessia, Tantucci, Alice, Marino, Cecilia, Ginestra, Federica, Di Biagio, Rosamaria, Taraborelli, Merilda, Miccoli, Roberto, Bianchi, Cristina, Garofolo, Monia, Politi, Konstantina Savina, Penno, Giuseppe, Livraga, Stefania, Calzoni, Fabio, Mancastroppa, Giovanni Luigi Francesco, Corsini, Elisa, Tedeschi, Anna, Gaglianã², Maria Sole, Ippolito, Giulio, Salutini, Elisabetta, Cervellino, Francesco, Natale, Maria, Salvatore, Vita, Zampino, Armando, Sinisi, Rosa, Arcangeli, Adolfo, Zogheri, Alessia, Guizzotti, Sandra, Longo, Rossella, Pellicano, Francesca, Scolozzi, Patrizia, Termine, Simona, Luberto, Alessandra, Ballardini, Giorgio, Trojani, Cristina, Mazzuca, Paolo, Bruglia, Matteo, Ciamei, Monica, Genghini, Silvia, Zannoni, Chiara, Vitale, Martina, Rangel, Graziela, Salvi, Laura, Zappaterreno, Alessandra, Cordone, Samantha, Simonelli, Paola, Meggiorini, Marilla, Frasheri, Aurora, Di Pippo, Clelia, Maglio, Cristina, Mazzitelli, Giulia, Rinaldi, Maria Elena, Galli, Angelica, Romano, Maria, D'Angelo, Paola, Suraci, Concetta, Bacci, Simonetta, Palena, Antonio Pio, Genovese, Stefano, Mancino, Monica, Rondinelli, Maurizio, Capone, Filippo, Calabretto, Elisabetta, Bulgheroni, Monica, Bucciarelli, Loredana, Ceccarelli, Elena, Fondelli, Cecilia, Santacroce, Clorinda, Guarino, Elisa, Nigi, Laura, Lalli, Carlo, Di Vizia, Giovanni, Scarponi, Maura, Montani, Valeria, Di Bernardino, Paolo, Romagni, Paola, Dolcetti, Katia, Forte, Elisa, Tamburo, Lucilla, Perin, Paolo Cavallo, Prinzis, Tania, Gruden, Gabriella, Bruno, Graziella, Zucco, Chiara, Perotta, Massimo, Marena, Saverio, Monsignore, Simona, Panero, Francesco, Ponzi, Fulvia, Bossi, Antonio Carlo, Carpinteri, Rita, Casagrande, Maria Linda, Coletti, Maria Francesca, Balini, Annalisa, Filopanti, Marcello, Madaschi, Sara, Pulcina, Anna, Grimaldi, Franco, Venturini, Giorgio, Agus, Sandra, Pagnutti, Stefania, Guidotti, Francesca, Cavarape, Alessandro, Cigolini, Massimo, Pichiri, Isabella, Brangani, Corinna, Fainelli, Giulia, Tomasetto, Elena, Zoppini, Giacomo, Galletti, Anna, Perrone, Dominica, Capra, Claudio, Bianchini, Francesca, Ceseri, Martina, Di Nardo, Barbara, Sasso, Elisa, Bartolomei, Barbara, Suliman, Irina, Fabbri, Gianna, Romano, Geremia, Maturo, Nicola, Nunziata, Giuseppe, Capobianco, Giuseppe, De Simone, Giuseppina, Villa, Valeria, Rota, Giuseppe, Pentangelo, Carmine, Carbonara, Ornella, Caiazzo, Gennaro, Cutolo, Michele, Sorrentino, Tommasina, Mastrilli, Valeria, Amelia, Umberto, Masi, Stefano, Corigliano, Gerardo, Gaeta, Iole, Armentano, Vincenzo, Calatola, Pasqualino, Capuano, Gelsomina, Angiulli, Bruno, Auletta, Pasquale, Petraroli, Ettore, Iodice, Cinzia E., Agrusta, Mariano, Vaccaro, O, Masulli, M, Nicolucci, A, Bonora, E, Del Prato, S, Maggioni, A, Rivellese, A, Squatrito, S, Giorda, C, Sesti, G, Mocarelli, P, Lucisano, G, Sacco, M, Signorini, S, Cappellini, F, Perriello, G, Babini, A, Lapolla, A, Gregori, G, Giordano, C, Corsi, L, Buzzetti, R, Clemente, G, Di Cianni, G, Iannarelli, R, Cordera, R, La Macchia, O, Zamboni, C, Scaranna, C, Boemi, M, Iovine, C, Lauro, D, Leotta, S, Dall'Aglio, E, Cannarsa, E, Tonutti, L, Pugliese, G, Bossi, A, Anichini, R, Dotta, F, Di Benedetto, A, Citro, G, Antenucci, D, Ricci, L, Giorgino, F, Santini, C, Gnasso, A, De Cosmo, S, Zavaroni, D, Vedovato, M, Consoli, A, Calabrese, M, di Bartolo, P, Fornengo, P, Riccardi, G, D'Angelo, F, Giansanti, R, Tanase, L, Lanari, L, Testa, I, Pancani, F, Ranchelli, A, Vagheggi, P, Scatona, A, Fontana, L, Laviola, L, Tarantino, L, Ippolito, C, Gigantelli, V, Manicone, M, Conte, E, Trevisan, R, Rota, R, Dodesini, A, Reggiani, G, Montesi, L, Mazzella, N, Forlani, G, Caselli, C, Di Luzio, R, Mazzotti, A, Aiello, A, Barrea, A, Musto, A, D'Amico, F, Sinagra, T, Longhitano, S, Trowpea, V, Sparti, M, Italia, S, Lisi, E, Grasso, G, Pezzino, V, Insalaco, F, Carallo, C, Scicchitano, C, De Franceschi, M, Calbucci, G, Ripani, R, Cuneo, G, Corsi, S, Romeo, F, Lesina, A, Comoglio, M, Bonetto, C, Robusto, A, Nada, E, Asprino, V, Cetraro, R, Impieri, M, Lucchese, G, Donnarumma, G, Tizio, B, Lenza, L, Paraggio, P, Tomasi, F, Dozio, N, Scalambra, E, Mannucci, E, Lamanna, C, Cignarelli, M, Macchia, O, Fariello, S, Sorrentino, M, Franzetti, I, Radin, R, Annunziata, F, Bonabello, L, Durante, A, Dolcino, M, Gallo, F, Mazzucchelli, C, Aleo, A, Melga, P, Briatore, L, Maggi, D, Storace, D, Cecoli, F, D'Ugo, E, Pupillo, M, Baldassarre, M, Salvati, F, Minnucci, A, De Luca, A, Zugaro, A, Santarelli, L, Bosco, A, Petrella, V, La Verghetta, G, D'Andrea, S, Giuliani, A, Polidoro, W, Sperandio, A, Sciarretta, F, Pezzella, A, Carlone, A, Potenziani, S, Venditti, C, Foffi, C, Carbone, S, Cipolloni, L, Moretti, C, Leto, G, Serra, R, Petrachi, F, Romano, I, Lacaria, E, Russo, L, Goretti, C, Sannino, C, Dolci, M, Bruselli, L, Mori, M, Baccetti, F, Del Freo, M, Cucinotta, D, Giunta, L, Ruffo, M, Cannizzaro, D, Pintaudi, B, Perrone, G, Pata, P, Ragonese, F, Lettina, G, Mancuso, T, Coppolino, A, Piatti, P, Monti, L, Stuccillo, M, Lucotti, P, Setola, M, Crippa, G, Loi, C, Oldani, M, Bottalico, M, Pellegata, B, Bonomo, M, Menicatti, L, Resi, V, Bertuzzi, F, Disoteo, E, Pizzi, G, Annuzzi, G, Capaldo, B, Nappo, R, Auciello, S, Turco, A, Costagliola, L, Corte, G, Vallefuoco, P, Nappi, F, Vitale, M, Cocozza, S, Ciano, O, Massimino, E, Garofalo, N, Avogaro, A, Guarneri, G, Fedele, D, Sartore, G, Chilelli, N, Burlina, S, Bonsembiante, B, Galluzzo, A, Torregrossa, V, Mancastroppa, G, Arsenio, L, Cioni, F, Caronna, S, Papi, M, Santeusanio, F, Calagreti, G, Timi, A, Tantucci, A, Marino, C, Ginestra, F, Di Biagio, R, Taraborelli, M, Miccoli, R, Bianchi, C, Garofolo, M, Politi, K, Penno, G, Livraga, S, Calzoni, F, Corsini, E, Tedeschi, A, Gagliano, M, Ippolito, G, Salutini, E, Cervellino, F, Natale, M, Salvatore, V, Zampino, A, Sinisi, R, Arcangeli, A, Zogheri, A, Guizzotti, S, Longo, R, Pellicano, F, Scolozzi, P, Termine, S, Luberto, A, Ballardini, G, Trojani, C, Mazzuca, P, Bruglia, M, Ciamei, M, Genghini, S, Zannoni, C, Rangel, G, Salvi, L, Zappaterreno, A, Cordone, S, Simonelli, P, Meggiorini, M, Frasheri, A, Di Pippo, C, Maglio, C, Mazzitelli, G, Rinaldi, M, Galli, A, Romano, M, D'Angelo, P, Suraci, C, Bacci, S, Palena, A, Genovese, S, Mancino, M, Rondinelli, M, Capone, F, Calabretto, E, Bulgheroni, M, Bucciarelli, L, Ceccarelli, E, Fondelli, C, Santacroce, C, Guarino, E, Nigi, L, Lalli, C, Di Vizia, G, Scarponi, M, Montani, V, Di Bernardino, P, Romagni, P, Dolcetti, K, Forte, E, Tamburo, L, Perin, P, Prinzis, T, Gruden, G, Bruno, G, Zucco, C, Perotta, M, Marena, S, Monsignore, S, Panero, F, Ponzi, F, Carpinteri, R, Casagrande, M, Coletti, M, Balini, A, Filopanti, M, Madaschi, S, Pulcina, A, Grimaldi, F, Venturini, G, Agus, S, Pagnutti, S, Guidotti, F, Cavarape, A, Cigolini, M, Pichiri, I, Brangani, C, Fainelli, G, Tomasetto, E, Zoppini, G, Galletti, A, Perrone, D, Capra, C, Bianchini, F, Ceseri, M, Di Nardo, B, Sasso, E, Bartolomei, B, Suliman, I, Fabbri, G, Romano, G, Maturo, N, Nunziata, G, Capobianco, G, De Simone, G, Villa, V, Rota, G, Pentangelo, C, Carbonara, O, Caiazzo, G, Cutolo, M, Sorrentino, T, Mastrilli, V, Amelia, U, Masi, S, Corigliano, G, Gaeta, I, Armentano, V, Calatola, P, Capuano, G, Angiulli, B, Auletta, P, Petraroli, E, Iodice, C, Agrusta, M, di Bartolo, Paolo, Polidoro, w Lorella, Sartore, Giovanni, and Gaglianò, Maria Sole

Subjects
Male, Diabetes and Metabolism, ipoglycemic drugs, cardiovascualr event, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, endocrine system diseases, IMPACT, pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, GLIMEPIRIDE, Diabetes, cardiovascular events, metformin, pioglitazone, sulphonylureas, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, law.invention, Settore MED/13 - Endocrinologia, Glibenclamide, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, GLYCEMIC CONTROL, Gliclazide, Internal medicine, diabetes and metabolism, RISK, education.field_of_study, diabetes, Incidence, endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism, endocrinology, Middle Aged, INSULIN, Metformin, Treatment Outcome, Editorial, sulphonylureas, Cardiovascular Diseases, Combination, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Type 2, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Pioglitazone, Sulfonylurea Compounds, Thiazolidinediones, Cardiovascular events, 03 medical and health sciences, GLUCOSE-LOWERING DRUGS, Drug Therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, sulfonylureas, education, TOSCA.IT, business.industry, MORTALITY, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Insulin resistance, medicine.disease, Surgery, Glimepiride, business, FOLLOW-UP
Abstract

Background The best treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes in whom treatment with metformin alone fails to achieve adequate glycaemic control is debated. We aimed to compare the long-term effects of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas, given in addition to metformin, on cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods TOSCA.IT was a multicentre, randomised, pragmatic clinical trial, in which patients aged 50–75 years with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy (2–3 g per day) were recruited from 57 diabetes clinics in Italy. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1), by permuted blocks randomisation (block size 10), stratified by site and previous cardiovascular events, to add-on pioglitazone (15–45 mg) or a sulfonylurea (5–15 mg glibenclamide, 2–6 mg glimepiride, or 30–120 mg gliclazide, in accordance with local practice). The trial was unblinded, but event adjudicators were unaware of treatment assignment. The primary outcome, assessed with a Cox proportional-hazards model, was a composite of first occurrence of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or urgent coronary revascularisation, assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population (all randomly assigned participants with baseline data available and without any protocol violations in relation to inclusion or exclusion criteria). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00700856. Findings Between Sept 18, 2008, and Jan 15, 2014, 3028 patients were randomly assigned and included in the analyses. 1535 were assigned to pioglitazone and 1493 to sulfonylureas (glibenclamide 24 [2%], glimepiride 723 [48%], gliclazide 745 [50%]). At baseline, 335 (11%) participants had a previous cardiovascular event. The study was stopped early on the basis of a futility analysis after a median follow-up of 57·3 months. The primary outcome occurred in 105 patients (1·5 per 100 person-years) who were given pioglitazone and 108 (1·5 per 100 person-years) who were given sulfonylureas (hazard ratio 0·96, 95% CI 0·74–1·26, p=0·79). Fewer patients had hypoglycaemias in the pioglitazone group than in the sulfonylureas group (148 [10%] vs 508 [34%], p

Published
2017
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5. Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in people with type 2 diabetes: The TOSCA.IT Study

Author

Vitale, M., Masulli, M., Rivellese, A. A., Bonora, E., Cappellini, F., Nicolucci, Andrea, Squatrito, S., Antenucci, D., Barrea, A., Bianchi, C., Bianchini, F., Fontana, L., Fornengo, P., Giorgino, F., Gnasso, A., Mannucci, E., Mazzotti, A., Nappo, R., Palena, A. P., Pata, P., Perriello, G., Potenziani, S., Radin, R., Ricci, L., Romeo, F., Santini, C., Scarponi, M., Serra, Riccardo, Timi, A., Turco, A. A., Vedovato, M., Zavaroni, D., Grioni, S., Riccardi, G., Vaccaro, O., Rivellese, Angela Albarosa, Cocozza, Sara, Auciello, Stefania, Turco, Anna Amelia, Bonora, Enzo, Cigolini, Massimo, Pichiri, Isabella, Brangani, Corinna, Tomasetto, Elena, Perriello, Gabriele, Timi, Alessia, Squatrito, Sebastiano, Sinagra, Tiziana, Longhitano, Sara, Tropea, Vanessa, Ballardini, Giorgio, Babini, Anna Carla, Ripani, Raffaella, Gregori, Giovanna, Dolci, Maria, Bruselli, Laura, Salutini, Isabella, Mori, Mary, Baccetti, Fabio, Lapolla, Annunziata, Sartore, Giovanni, Burlina, Silvia, Chilelli, Nino Cristiano, Buzzetti, Raffaella, Venditti, Chiara, Potenziani, Stella, Carlone, Angela, Galluzzoâ€&nbsp, Aldo, Giordano, Carla, Torregrossa, Vittoria, Corsi, Laura, Cuneo, Giacomo, Corsi, Simona, Tizio, Biagio, Clemente, Gennaro, Citro, Giuseppe, Natale, Maria, Salvatore, Vita, Di Cianni, Graziano, Lacaria, Emilia, Russo, Laura, Iannarelli, Rossella, de Gregorio, Antonella, Sciarretta, Filomena, D’Andrea, Settimio, Montani, Valeria, Cannarsa, Emanuela, Dolcetti, Katia, Cordera, Renzo, Bonabello, Laura Affinito, Mazzucchelli, Chiara, Giorda, Carlo Bruno, Romeo, Francesco, Bonetto, Caterina, Antenucci, Daniela, Baldassarre, Maria Pompea Antonia, Iovine, Ciro, Nappo, Rossella, Ciano, Ornella, Dall’Aglio, Elisabetta, Mancastroppa, Giovanni, Grimaldi, Franco, Tonutti, Laura, Boemi, Massimo, D’Angelo, Federica, Leotta, Sergio, Fontana, Lucia, Lauro, Davide, Rinaldi, Maria Elena, Cignarelli, Mauro, la Macchia, Olga, Fariello, Stefania, Tomasi, Franco, Zamboni, Chiara, Dozio, Nicoletta, Trevisan, Roberto, Scaranna, Cristiana, Del Prato, Stefano, Miccoli, Roberto, Bianchi, Cristina, Garofolo, Monia, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Salvi, Laura, Rangel, Graziela, Vitale, Martina, Anichini, Roberto, Tedeschi, Anna, Corsini, Elisa, Cucinotta, Domenico, Di Benedetto, Antonino, Giunta, Loretta, Ruffo, Maria Concetta, Bossi, Antonio Carlo, Carpinter, Rita, Dotta, Francesco, Ceccarelli, Elena, Bartolo, Paolo Di, Caselli, Chiara, Luberto, Alessandra, Santini, Costanza, Mazzotti, Arianna, Calbucci, Giovanni, Consoli, Agostino, Ginestra, Federica, Calabrese, Maria, Zogheri, Alessia, Ricci, Lucia, Giorgino, Francesco, Laviola, Luigi, Ippolito, Claudia, Tarantino, Lucia, Avogaro, Angelo, Vedovato, Monica, Gnasso, Agostino, Carallo, Claudio, Scicchitano, Caterina, Zavaroni, Donatella, Livraga, Stefania, Perin, Paolo Cavallo, Forrnengo, Paolo, Prinzis, Tania, de Cosmo, Salvatore, Palena, Antonio Pio, Bacci, Simonetta, Mannucci, Edoardo, Lamanna, Caterina, Pata, Pietro, Lettina, Gabriele, Aiello, Antimo, Barrea, Angelina, Lalli, Carlo, Scarponi, Maura, Franzetti, Ivano, Radin, Raffaella, Serra, Rosalia, Petrachi, Francesca, Asprino, Vincenzo, Capra, Claudio, Forte, Elisa, Reggiani, Giulio Marchesini, Forlani, Gabriele, Montesi, Luca, Mazzella, Natalia, Piatti, Pier Marco, Monti, Lucilla, Stuccillo, Michela, Auletta, Pasquale, Petraroli, Ettore, Capobianco, Giuseppe, Romano, Geremia, Cutolo, Michele, de Simone, Giosetta, Caiazzo, Gennaro, Nunziata, Peppe, Sorrentino, Susy, Amelia, Umberto, Calatola, Pasqualino, Capuano, Gelsomina, Vitale, M, Masulli, M, Rivellese, AA, Bonora, E, Cappellini, F, Nicolucci, A, Squatrito, S, Antenucci, D, Barrea, A, Bianchi, C, Bianchini, F, Fontana, L, Fornengo,P, Giorgino, F, Gnasso, A, Mannucci, Mazzotti, A, Nappo, R, Palena, AP, Pata, P,Perriello, G, Potenziani, S, Radin, R, Ricci, L, Romeo, F, Santini, C, Scarponi, M, Serra, R, Timi, A, Turco, AA, Vedovato, M, Zavaroni, D, Grioni, S, Riccardi, G, Vaccaro, O, TOSCA.IT Study Group., Giordano, C., Rivellese, Aa, Fornengo, P, Mannucci, E, Mazzotti, A, Nappo, R, Palena, Ap, Pata, P, Perriello, G, Turco, Aa, Tosc, A. IT Study Group., Rivellese, A, Palena, A, Turco, A, Cocozza, S, Auciello, S, Cigolini, M, Pichiri, I, Brangani, C, Tomasetto, E, Sinagra, T, Longhitano, S, Tropea, V, Ballardini, G, Babini, A, Ripani, R, Gregori, G, Dolci, M, Bruselli, L, Salutini, I, Mori, M, Baccetti, F, Lapolla, A, Sartore, G, Burlina, S, Chilelli, N, Buzzetti, R, Venditti, C, Carlone, A, Galluzzo, A, Giordano, C, Torregrossa, V, Corsi, L, Cuneo, G, Corsi, S, Tizio, B, Galluzzo, G, Citro, G, Natale, M, Salvatore, V, Di Cianni, G, Lacaria, E, Russo, L, Iannarelli, R, De Gregorio, A, Sciarretta, F, D'Andrea, S, Montani, V, Cannarsa, E, Dolcetti, K, Cordera, R, Bonabello, L, Mazzucchelli, C, Giorda, C, Bonetto, C, Baldassarre, M, Iovine, C, Ciano, O, Dall'Aglio, E, Mancastroppa, G, Grimaldi, F, Tonutti, L, Boemi, M, D'Angelo, F, Leotta, S, Lauro, D, Rinaldi, M, Cignarelli, M, La Macchia, O, Fariello, S, Tomasi, F, Zamboni, C, Dozio, N, Trevisan, R, Scaranna, C, Del Prato, S, Miccoli, R, Garofolo, M, Pugliese, G, Salvi, L, Rangel, G, Anichini, R, Tedeschi, A, Corsini, E, Cucinotta, D, Di Benedetto, A, Giunta, L, Ruffo, M, Bossi, A, Carpinter, R, Dotta, F, Ceccarelli, E, Bartolo, P, Caselli, C, Luberto, A, Calbucci, G, Consoli, A, Ginestra, F, Calabrese, M, Zogheri, A, Laviola, L, Ippolito, C, Tarantino, L, Avogaro, A, Carallo, C, Scicchitano, C, Livraga, S, Perin, P, Forrnengo, P, Prinzis, T, De Cosmo, S, Bacci, S, Lamanna, C, Lettina, G, Aiello, A, Lalli, C, Franzetti, I, Petrachi, F, Asprino, V, Capra, C, Forte, E, Reggiani, G, Forlani, G, Montesi, L, Mazzella, N, Piatti, P, Monti, L, Stuccillo, M, Auletta, P, Petraroli, E, Capobianco, G, Romano, G, Cutolo, M, De Simone, G, Caiazzo, G, Nunziata, P, Sorrentino, S, Amelia, U, Calatola, P, and Capuano, G

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Age, BMI, Diabetes, Diet, Flavonoids, Food groups, Geographical area, Intake, Phenolic acids, Polyphenols, TOSCA.IT study, Aged, Antioxidants, Beverages, Cinnamates, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Databases, Factual, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Flavonoids, Fruit, Glycosides, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritive Value, Phenols, Polyphenols, Diet, Diabetic, Diet, Healthy, Patient Compliance, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Databases, Factual, Cross-sectional study, Medicine (miscellaneous), Type 2 diabetes, Diabete, Antioxidants, Settore MED/13 - Endocrinologia, Food group, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Diet, Diabetic, Medicine, Food science, Glycosides, Age, BMI, Diabetes, Diet, Flavonoids, Food groups, Geographical area, Intake, Phenolic acids, Polyphenols, TOSCA.IT study, Nutrition and Dietetics, Phenolic acid, food and beverages, Middle Aged, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Diabetes, Food groups, Diet, Age, BMI, Geographical area, Intake, TOSCA.IT study, Italy, Tosca,Age,BMI,Diabetes,Diet,Flavonoids,Food groups,Geographical area,Intake,Phenolic acids,Polyphenols,TOSCA.IT study, Cohort, Female, Diet, Healthy, Nutritive Value, Cohort study, Polyphenol, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Beverages, 03 medical and health sciences, Phenols, Diabetes mellitus, Humans, Aged, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Tosca, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cinnamates, Fruit, Flavonoid, Patient Compliance, business
Abstract

Purpose: Proper evaluation of polyphenols intake at the population level is a necessary step in order to establish possible associations with health outcomes. Available data are limited, and so far no study has been performed in people with diabetes. The aim of this work was to document the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources in a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes and in socio-demographic subgroups. Methods: We studied 2573 men and women aged 50–75 years. Among others, anthropometry was measured by standard protocol and dietary habits were investigated by food frequency questionnaire (EPIC). The intake of polyphenols was evaluated using US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases. Results: The mean total polyphenol intake was 683.3 ± 5.8 mg/day. Non-alcoholic beverages represented the main food source of dietary polyphenols and provided 35.5% of total polyphenol intake, followed by fruits (23.0%), alcoholic beverages (14.0%), vegetables (12.4%), cereal products and tubers (4.6%), legumes (3.7%) and oils (2.1%); chocolate, cakes and nuts are negligible sources of polyphenols in this cohort. The two most important polyphenol classes contributing to the total intake were flavonoids (47.5%) and phenolic acids (47.4%). Polyphenol intake increased with age and education level and decreased with BMI; furthermore, in the northern regions of Italy, the polyphenol intake was slightly, but significantly higher than in the central or southern regions. Conclusions: The study documents for the first time the intake of polyphenols and their main food sources in people with diabetes using validated and complete databases of the polyphenol content of food. Compared with published data, collected in people without diabetes, these results suggest a lower intake and a different pattern of intake in people with diabetes. © 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Published
2016
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