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The dairy sector is a women-centric endeavor. It is an instrument for elevating the vulnerable section of society, particularly the farm women. Farm women contribute diligently towards dairy activities. The study was conducted in the East district of Sikkim in the year 2021. A simple random technique was used for selecting four blocks, five villages from each block, and ten respondents from each village were randomly selected. A personal interview schedule was used for the collection of data. Data were collected from 200 dairy farm women owning at least one dairy cattle. The study analyzes the feedback of dairy farm women based on five aspects, i.e., economical, technical, administrative, information networking, and independent decision-making. The result revealed that the high cost of concentrate, feed, and fodder, delayed service of animal health officials, lack of financial support from the government, irregular information on government schemes on dairy, and non-availability of financial support to women farmers were some of the major feedbacks given by the respondents.

Inter-subject or subject-independent emotion recognition has been a challenging task in affective computing. This work is about an easy-to-implement emotion recognition model that classifies emotions from EEG signals subject independently. It is based on the famous EEGNet architecture, which is used in EEG-related BCIs. We used the Dataset on Emotion using Naturalistic Stimuli (DENS) dataset. The dataset contains the Emotional Events -- the precise information of the emotion timings that participants felt. The model is a combination of regular, depthwise and separable convolution layers of CNN to classify the emotions. The model has the capacity to learn the spatial features of the EEG channels and the temporal features of the EEG signals variability with time. The model is evaluated for the valence space ratings. The model achieved an accuracy of 73.04%.

Malaria still threatens half the globe population despite successful Artemisinin-based combination therapy. One of the reasons for our inability to eradicate malaria is the emergence of resistance to current antimalarials. Thus, there is a need to develop new antimalarials targeting Plasmodium proteins. The present study reported the design and synthesis of 4, 6 and 7-substituted quinoline-3-carboxylates 9(a–o) and carboxylic acids 10(a–b) for the inhibition of Plasmodium N-Myristoyltransferases (NMTs) using computational biology tools followed by chemical synthesis and functional analysis. The designed compounds exhibited a glide score of −9.241 to −6.960 kcal/mol for PvNMT and −7.538 kcal/mol for PfNMT model proteins. Development of the synthesized compounds was established via NMR, HRMS and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial efficacy against CQ-sensitive Pf3D7 and CQ-resistant PfINDO lines followed by cell toxicity evaluation. In silico results highlighted the compound ethyl 6-methyl-4-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)quinoline-3-carboxylate (9a) as a promising inhibitor with a glide score of −9.084 kcal/mol for PvNMT and −6.975 kcal/mol for PfNMT with IC50 values of 6.58 µM for Pf3D7 line. Furthermore, compounds 9n and 9o exhibited excellent anti-plasmodial activity (Pf3D7 IC50 = 3.96, 6.71 µM, and PfINDO IC50 = 6.38, 2.8 µM, respectively). The conformational stability of 9a with the active site of the target protein was analyzed through MD simulation and was found concordance with in vitro results. Thus, our study provides scaffolds for the development of potent antimalarials targeting both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Neural networks in image processing are becoming a more crucial and integral part of machine learning as computational technology and hardware systems are advanced. Deep learning is also getting attention from the medical sector as it is a prominent process for classifying diseases. There is a lot of research to predict retinal diseases using deep learning algorithms like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Still, there are not many researches for predicting diseases like CNV which stands for choroidal neovascularization, DME, which stands for Diabetic Macular Edema; and DRUSEN. In our research paper, the CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) algorithm labeled the dataset of OCT retinal images into four types: CNV, DME, DRUSEN, and Natural Retina. We have also done several preprocessing on the images before passing these to the neural network. We have implemented different models for our algorithm where individual models have different hidden layers. At the end of our following research, we have found that our algorithm CNN generates 93% accuracy.

Heterocyclic compounds are important because they have almost all types of pharmacological properties. Due to these properties of heterocyclic compounds, they attracted the researchers for the development of more effective newer drug molecules. In this review, we are focused on benzothiazole and its derivatives, which are used for the synthesis of various biologically active molecules. Benzothiazole derivatives have been possessed the various type of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antiviral, anthelmintic, antioxidant, anticancer, and other anticipated activities. Hence, structural alterations have resulted in different benzothiazole derivatives that illustrated a wide variety of pharmacological activities.

Frequent extreme weather events result in huge economic losses for farming communities in Sundarbans region, which threatens the livelihood security of smallholder farming communities. Different agricultural enterprises in the region are facing continuous threats due to saline water intrusion, crop losses due to heavy rain, and flooding. To overcome these problems, the farming community have adopted several coping mechanisms to sustain their livelihood against the continuous threat of extreme weather events. This paper focuses on the coping mechanism followed by the farming community in the Sundarbans region of India. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 1200 farmers from six blocks of Sundarbans. Farm households who were engaged in different agricultural enterprise like cultivating field crops, livestock rearing, fish farming were selected as respondents for the study. Analytical Hierarchy Process was applied to prioritize the coping mechanism as followed by the farming communities. The coping mechanisms were assessed on the basis of ease of implementation, cost involved, effectiveness as well as durability of the strategy for long-term application. Effectiveness and durability of the coping strategy got the highest weights of 0.492 and 0.309, respectively. Coping mechanisms pertaining to managing soil health against soil salinity, raising livestock and fish species as well as cultivating field crops were identified and prioritized according to the perceived benefit of the mechanism against extreme weather events. These coping mechanisms after proper fine-tuning can help in formulating strong and sustainable development policies for agricultural and allied sectors in the Sundarbans region of India.

Background: The ethnopharmacological relevance suggests that the ethnic minorities of India use leaves of Cissampelos pareira L. as a traditional medicine for curing various psychopharmacological disorders. Objective: To evaluate anti-depressant, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira. Methods: Leaves of Cissampelos pareira were extracted using a hydro-alcoholic solvent. The safety of hydro-alcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira was assessed by acute oral toxicity (OECD 423). The anti-depressant activity was measured using open field test, locomotor test, despair swim test, tail suspension test. The anxiolytic activity was assessed using elevated plus maze and hole board test, and skeletal muscle relaxant activity was assessed using rotarod, grip strength, chimney, and inclined plane test. Results: No moribund status or mortality was observed in experimental mice up to 2000 mg/kg dose of Cissampelos pareira hydro-alcoholic extract (CPHE). In the open field and actophotometer tests, CPHE 200 and 400 mg/kg treated mice significantly abridged ambulation, number of central squares crossed, total locomotion, and depicted less coordinated movements, and in despair swim and tail suspension tests, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated mice significantly decreased duration of immobility and increased number of climbing, confirming its anti-depressant effect. In an elevated plus-maze test, CPHE 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the open arm exploration, while in the hole board test, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated rats augmented the number of head dips, depicting its anxiolytic effect. In rotarod, grip strength, and inclined plane test, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated mice decreased the fall-off time on a rotating rod, suspended wire, or inclined plane. Furthermore, in the chimney test, treatment with CPHE 400 depicted less coordinated movements in mice; the mice of this group took more time to leave the cylinder, depicting its skeletal muscle relaxant effect. Conclusion: Based on the results, of this study, it can be concluded that CPHE 400 mg/kg exhibits strong anti-depressant, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant effects, justifying its traditional uses.

Indiscriminate and unscientific application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, adversely affect the agricultural production system by damaging soil health, contaminating natural water bodies and ground water. As a result of prolonged use of excessive chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the yield of field crops are decreasing due to poor soil health and produced crops also adversely impact human health. For animal husbandry enterprise, fodder production is one of the major activities. Injudicious use of chemicals can reduce fodder production as well as productivity of livestock can also be reduced. Under these circumstances, demonstration of fodder berseem and oats cultivation by using biofertilizers and biopesticides were carried out in farmer’s field at three blocks of Nadia district of West Bengal, India. The study was conducted in the winter season of the year 2020-21; the selected farmers were trained and method demonstrations of fodder crop production were carried out. The demonstration results suggested that average yield of berseem fodder crop was 53.33±2.80 t ha-1 whereas oats fodder crop was 43.07±2.16 t ha-1. The BC ratio of fodder crop cultivation suggested that, by the cultivation of both fodder crops farmers got substantial economic return. Fodder produced by the using biofertilizers and biopesticide contain good amount of dry matter as well as crude protein. From the study it can be concluded that both the fodder crops can be grown in the farmers’ field of the study area by using the biofertilizers and biopesticide without deteriorating the fodder yield and fodder quality.

Background: Oxadiazole derivatives are the biologically active hetrocyclic compounds. So we synthesized a series of Mannich bases, 3-(arylaminomethyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)- 1,3,4-oxadiazole-(3H)-thi-2-one derivatives (3a-3g) were synthesized from Isoniazid [INH (1)], a first line antimycobacterial drug and these compounds were evaluated as antimycobacterial agents. Methods: The INH was reacted with potassium hydroxide and carbon disulfide to give 5-(pyridin- 4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (2), followed by reacting compound 2 with appropriate aromatic amines in the presence of formaldehyde to obtain desired compounds (3a-3g). The structures of these compounds have been established by IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectral and elemental analysis. These synthesized compounds (3a-3g) were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Results: All the synthesized compounds (3a-3g) were exhibited antimycobacterial activity and compared to reference drugs Streptomycin (MIC value of 6.25μg/mL), INH (MIC value of 3.125μg/mL) and pyrizinamide (MIC value of 3.125μg/mL). Compounds 3c and 3e were exhibited most promising antimycobacterial activity. Conclusion: All the title compounds were synthesized, characterized and exhibited promising antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain.

Background: The extensive search for a novel therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in medical and pharmaceutical research still continues. Despite a lot being explored about its therapeutics, there is still much more to learn in order to achieve promising therapeutic agents against AD. Phytochemicals, especially secondary metabolites, are the major focus of the investigators for AD treatment. Objective: To describe major therapeutics targets of AD and the role of isothiocyanates (ITCs) in modulating these targets. Methods: Scientific databases, including Elsevier, Science Direct, Pub med, were explored. The explored literature was mainly journal publications on pathogenesis and targets of AD, and the effect of various ITCs in the modulation of these targets. Results: The major targets of AD include the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway, MAPKs pathway, GSK-3 signaling, and Ubiquitin-Protease system. ITCs, such as Sulforaphane, Allyl isothiocyanates, Moringin, 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl ITC, Phenethyl isothiocyanates, and Erucin, were reported to exert a protective effect against AD via modulating one of the several above mentioned targets. Conclusion: This article gives a detailed description of the therapeutic targets of AD and sheds light that phytochemicals, such as ITCs, can exert a protective effect against AD by targeting those pathways. However, properly designed research and clinical trials are required to include ITCs as a mainstream agent against AD.

Mastitis in dairy cattle is the most common management disorder that causes higher economic losses by lowering production and quality of milk leads to substantial economical loss. The aim of this article was to review worldwide important advances in strategies to control mastitis for production augmentation in dairy cattle. Many scientists worked to identify effective strategies to control mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and others. It is necessary to identify mechanisms of infection, define clinical and subclinical states of disease, determine exposure time, and identify pathogen-specific characteristics. Evolvement of management strategies that incorporated hygienic procedures (animal, floor, and milkman), post milking standing period of animal and strategic use of antibiotic or herbal therapy at dry-off, nutritional supplementation, fly control, body condition score optimization, etc., resulted in widespread control of mastitis. The udder, teat of animal, scientific management of milking, automatic milking procedure, genetic selection are considered as important factors to control mastitis. As farm management changed, scientists were directed to redefine control of mastitis caused by opportunistic pathogens of environmental sources and have sought to explore management strategies which will maintain animal well-being in a judicial way. Although significant advances in mastitis management have been made changing herd structure, changing climatic scenario and more rigorous milk processing standards ensure that mastitis will remain important issue for future research.

Emotion recognition using EEG signals is an emerging area of research due to its broad applicability in BCI. Emotional feelings are hard to stimulate in the lab. Emotions do not last long, yet they need enough context to be perceived and felt. However, most EEG-related emotion databases either suffer from emotionally irrelevant details (due to prolonged duration stimulus) or have minimal context doubting the feeling of any emotion using the stimulus. We tried to reduce the impact of this trade-off by designing an experiment in which participants are free to report their emotional feelings simultaneously watching the emotional stimulus. We called these reported emotional feelings "Emotional Events" in our Dataset on Emotion with Naturalistic Stimuli (DENS). We used EEG signals to classify emotional events on different combinations of Valence(V) and Arousal(A) dimensions and compared the results with benchmark datasets of DEAP and SEED. STFT is used for feature extraction and used in the classification model consisting of CNN-LSTM hybrid layers. We achieved significantly higher accuracy with our data compared to DEEP and SEED data. We conclude that having precise information about emotional feelings improves the classification accuracy compared to long-duration EEG signals which might be contaminated by mind-wandering.

Twenty-four weaned male Barbari kids (age 144.67 days; weight 11.99 ± 0.49 kg) were divided equally into three groups (T

Dhaka is one of the world's most populated cities and lacks the open fields and greeneries required for healthy living. Whereas urban sustainability depends on the greenness of the environment and the reduction of food dependency on the rural supply, currently, the city is failing to meet both requirements. The aim of this research is to understand why rooftop gardening (RTG) has failed to find its place in the policy agenda of Bangladesh, despite having support from citizens and experts. In answering this question, the authors have analysed the current state of rooftop gardening in Bangladesh with its major challenges and opportunities, explored the perception held by the city residents and agriculture professionals toward rooftop gardening, and discussed the existing institutional structure affecting the current rooftop gardening practices. The research presented in this paper argues that even though citizens have a positive attitude about rooftop gardening and experts consider it a viable opportunity, the existing policy process has hindered it from being a part of the policy agenda. Two online surveys were conducted on city residents and agriculture professionals from government and academic institutions. Interested participants from both categories participated in online interviews for in-depth discussions. In effect, the study shows that in the case of Dhaka city, the issue-framing is still at a very early stage. Though experts understand the value of RTG, they have not managed to raise enough awareness. From this perspective, experts have not played an adequate 'instrumental' role. As these two streams are quite weak, they are unlikely to join forces and intersect with the politics stream, where no attention to Rooftop gardening (RTG) can be observed at this point. Consequently, the researchers have not seen the RTG issue achieve enough policy momentum.

BACKGROUND Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are the leading causes of acquired diseases in children and young adults in developing countries carrying considerable morbidity and mortality. Rheumatic fever (RF) commonly affects children between 5-15 years old and is rarely seen in < 5 years old. Mitral stenosis (MS) is the most common sequela, as it bears maximum onslaught. In India, few patients follow an unusually rapid course in developing severe MS because of its fulminant nature following attack of ARF. CASE REPORT Our patient was a 28-month-old girl who had developed severe MS, mitral regurgitation (MR), and pulmonary hypertension (PH) as the sequelae of ARF which she had suffered at the age of 18 months old. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest reported case of rheumatic MS following ARF after extensive search in the literature. This case highlights the fact that very young population is not immune to ARF contrary to prior belief and therefore, more stringent preventive measures need to be implemented for it and possibility of ARF should be kept in mind while evaluating carditis in a child.

The 2nd Fully Revised Edition of the very well accepted book contains all the relevant, uated and revised topics including current and emerging areas pertaining to extension science which includes Concepts and Principles of Extension, Rural Sociology and Psychology, Research Methodology, Developmental Schemes in India, Management, Programme Planning and Evaluation, Process of Communication, Information and Communication Technology, Diffusion of Innovation, Training for Development, Farm Journalism, Women empowerment and Gender Mainstreaming. The data has been fully uated with years clearly marked against each to avoid confusion. Students who are aspiring to become experts in the field of Extension Science, this book will be quite helpful for them to prepare for all competitive exams including ARS and PG entrance examination in addition to equipping them in all the dimensions of extension education.

Background: Dry period duration of dairy cow is considered as an important factor to maintain udder health and milk production. Methods: To investigate the effect of dry period duration (DPD) on udder health, milk production and body condition of dairy cows at lower Gangetic tropics, observations were taken from 25 Jersey crossbred cows which were divided into 2 comparable group viz: 1st group (11 cows), having 50 to 60 days DPD and 2nd group (14 cows), having more than 60 days DPD. Result: Statistically analyzed data revealed that milk somatic cell count, MCMT, milk pH and EC were significantly (P less than 0.01) varied between two group from second month onwards and continue up to 4th months of lactation. Critical analysis of battery tests clearly confirmed the diagnosis for occurring of subclinical mastitis with poor udder health status in 2nd group. Total milk production/day/cow were almost similar in both group in first month but second month onwards significantly (P less than 0.01) higher milk production was recorded in 1st than 2nd group. The milk composition parameters revealed non-significant difference between groups whereas milk quality parameter significantly (P less than 0.01) better in 1st than 2nd group. Initial BCS of dry cow of both groups were similar. But BCS at calving was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in 2nd than 1st group with higher negative changes in BCS % in 2nd group as compared to 1st group. It can be concluded that dry period duration of 50-60 days is better over to prolonged dry period (>60 days). Suitable changes in BCS from dry period to calving is beneficial to get higher milk production, quality, better maintenance of body condition and udder health status of Jersey crossbred cows at tropical lower Gangetic region.

Background: Acute gallstone disease is the highest volume Emergency General Surgical presentation in the UK. Recent data indicate wide variations in the quality of care provided across the country, with national guidance for care delivery not implemented in most UK hospitals. Against this backdrop, the Royal College of Surgeons of England set up a 13-hospital quality improvement collaborative (Chole-QuIC) to support clinical teams to reduce time to surgery for patients with acute gallstone disease requiring emergency cholecystectomy. Methods: Prospective, mixed-methods process evaluation to answer the following: (1) how was the collaborative delivered by the faculty and received, understood and enacted by the participants; (2) what influenced teams’ ability to improve care for patients requiring emergency cholecystectomy? We collected and analysed a range of data including field notes, ethnographic observations of meetings, and project documentation. Analysis was based on the framework approach, informed by Normalisation Process Theory, and involved the creation of comparative case studies based on hospital performance during the project. Results: Chole-QuIC was delivered as planned and was well received and understood by participants. Four hospitals were identified as highly successful, based upon a substantial increase in the number of patients having surgery in line with national guidance. Conversely, four hospitals were identified as challenged, achieving no significant improvement. The comparative analysis indicate that six inter-related influences appeared most associated with improvement: (1) achieving clarity of purpose amongst site leads and key stakeholders; (2) capacity to lead and effective project support; (3) ideas to action; (4) learning from own and others’ experience; (5) creating additional capacity to do emergency cholecystectomies; and (6) coordinating/managing the patient pathway. Conclusion: Collaborative-based quality improvement is a viable strategy for emergency surgery but success requires the deployment of effective clinical strategies in conjunction with improvement strategies. In particular, achieving clarity of purpose about proposed changes amongst key stakeholders was a vital precursor to improvement, enabling the creation of additional surgical capacity and new pathways to be implemented effectively. Protected time, testing ideas, and the ability to learn quickly from data and experience were associated with greater impact within this cohort.

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the mitigation strategy of the arsenic toxicity induced in Black Bengal kids through dietary supplementation of vitamin E or yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or combination of both. Thirty number of Black Bengal kids (6.15 ± 0.32 kg, 142.87 ± 9.28 days) were divided into equal five groups. Kids under control group (T0) and other treatment groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) were fed with similar type of basal diet containing concentrate mixture and sorghum sudan grass. Kids under T1, T2, T3 and T4 were fed with 50 ppm arsenic (As)/kg DM of feed in the form of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Kids under T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with Vitamin E (250 IU/kg DM of feed), yeast culture (S. cerevisiae) (4 × 109 CFU/kid/d) and combination of vitamin E and S. cerevisiae with same doses, respectively. The feeding experiment was continued for 20 weeks. Challenge feeding of arsenic (As) significantly (P

Computer vision and IoT-based systems play a significant role in the field of home security. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of IoT-based home security with integrated intrusion detection to minimize the damages caused by the burglary. Also, the proposed system combines a web server with the web application to remotely access and control their status. This system is cost-effective and efficient enough for monitoring home automatically. It includes a real-time identification system that can process images faster. The aim of this paper is to ensure home security by identifying the face. A single-board computer called the Raspberry Pi will capture the images, and from that, the system will detect and identify the face. This project uses the Haar-cascades algorithm for face detection and uses LBPH algorithm for face recognition and uses SQLite which is a lite version of SQL for the Raspberry Pi, along with MYSQL to update the database to the web server. Finally, using an IoT application called Twillo, the images and notifications will be sent to the user by SMS. According to the experimental results, the system can be used as a real-time system. This system can be used without any human intervention. The system includes instant approachability, efficient usage of power and fits user service.

The implementation of green chemistry (GC) in various aspects of chemistry to overcome the problems of health, safety for workers, in addition to the environmental problems is associated with compounds from their manufacturing, use and disposition as waste. GC is a rapid promising branch of chemistry. GC is a manner that maximizes its benefits while removed its adverse impacts by the application of principles. The principles of GC focused on methods that deals with avoidance of waste, maximize atom economy, less harmful chemical formed, metathesis, synthesized safer chemicals, using safer solvents, auxiliaries, renewable Feedstocks, softer catalysts other than heavy metals, biocatalysts, avoid the formation of chemical derivatives, develop energy efficient synthesis, progress of safer chemistry methods for accident avoidance. GC is interested for research and alternative improvement on many practical phases of organic compounds synthesis. GC intended for less toxic solvents but in recent years new methods have been developed where organic synthesis can be performed without solvents, mild conditions and low energy consumption. New approaches have promoted the use of alternative methods or “green” solvents. The new field of “green” solvents in organic compounds synthesis has been extended and gives some idea about green solvent, green catalyst, and green techniques for green synthesis., {"references":["Mittu R. (2016), Inter Adv Res J Sci, Eng& Technol, Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 2931.","Sharma SR. (2015), Inter J Chem & Phys Sci, Volume 4, pp. 516520.","Draths CM, Frost JW. (Nov. 1994), \"Microbial catalysis. Synthesis of adipic acid from D-glucose. ACS Symposium Series\", ACS publications, Washington DC, Volume 577, Chapter 3, pp. 3245.","Sato K, Aoki M, Noyori R. (1998), Science, Volume 281, pp. 16461647.","Anastas PT, Heine LG, Williamson TC (Eds.) (2000), \"Green Chemical Syntheses and Processes, American Chemical Society\", Washington DC.","Edward S M, Steven W. Peretti SW. (2000), \"Bioconversion of Toluene to p-Hydroxybenzoate Using a Recombinant Pseudomonas Putida\", Green Chemical Syntheses and Processes, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 126–142.","Reed SM, Hutchison JE. (2000), J Chem Educ Volume 77, pp. 16271628.","R.A. Sheldon. (2005), Green Chem., Volume 7, Issue 267,","Li H, Zhu W, He X, Pan J, Shu H, Guo J, et al. (June 2630, 2006), \"Green synthesis of adipic acid with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by oxpoeroxo tungsten complexes\", The 10th Annual Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference,","Christian CF, Konrad H. (2007), Green Chem; Volume 9, pp. 927–934."]}

A series of heterocyclic compounds incorporating pyridazine moiety were for diverse biological activities. Pyridazines and pyridazinones derivatives showed wide spectrum of biological activities such as vasodialator, cardiotonic, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-feedant, herbicidal, and various other biological, agrochemical and industrial chemical activities. The results illustrated that the synthesized pyridazine/pyridazine compounds have diverse and significant biological activities. Mechanistic insights into the biological properties ofpyridazinonederivatives and various synthetic techniques used for their synthesis are also described.

Nowadays Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based applications are rising in many areas such as industry, health-care, transportation. During the class time, manual collection of attendance consumes considerable amount of time and resources. Having many students in classroom, taking attendance is a difficult task and how to automatic get the attendance rate is very important for school management. In this paper, we proposed an easier way of using the RFID technology on how a school teacher is capable of automatically record the attendance instead of taking attendance manually. An RFID-based attendance management system is designed and implemented, and information service system including programmable devices and web-based applications are used. The test results show that the presented system is practical.

Wounds are the disruption of anatomical and efficient integrity of living tissue. Wound healing is a complicated and frequent cascade of events, with a range of cellular and biochemical procedures, eventually resulting in the rebuilding and revival of damaged tissue. Several herbs and medicinal plants proved to be a wound healer and formulated for treatment of wounds. Plants and their extracts have vast potential for the treatment of wounds. The phytomedicines for wound healing are not only cheap and affordable but are also safe as hyper sensitive reactions are rarely encountered with the use of these agents. Some of them are Aloe, Tulsi, Neem, Turmeric, Achiote, etc., are mostly used in all kinds of wounds. The pharmacological validation on Indian medicinal plants is very limited and a large number of plants used in tribal and folklore with enormous potential have not been validated for their wound healing activity. The review focused on the immense scope for researchers because the traditional claims and development is safe and effective and globally accepted herbal drugs for cuts and wounds. Hence, some common plants those are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds. It is a beneficial work for researchers to provide details about the wound healing herbs and development of safe and effective herbal drugs for cuts and wounds., {"references":["Savant SS, Shah RA.In savant S.S. Shah, R .A, Gore D. (1998), \"Text book and atlas of Dermatology and Cosmetology\", 1sted.Mumbai: ASCAD, pp. 12−17.","Chilani HL. (1996), \"In the law of medicinal negligence 1st ed. Radhakrishan medical Educational trust\", Mumbai, pp. 51−83.","Sandeep DK, Srija M, Suguna K, Varma RSP, Rajesh S (2015), \"A review on role of medicinal plants on Effective wound healing\", Inter J Novel Trends In Pharm Sci, Volume 5, Issue 6, pp. 209−217.","Aruna MS, Sravanthi V, Sri UJ, Priya NS, Rao NR. (2015), \"An overview of herbs possesing wound healing activity\", Eur J Pharm & Med Res, Volume 2, Issue 7, pp. 329−332.","Abu Hanifah Y (1990), \"Post-operative surgical wound infection\", Med. J Malays, Volume 45, pp. 293−297.","Aldridge KE (1994), \"Anaerobes in poly microbial surgical infections: incidence, pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance\", Eur J SurgSuppl, Volume 573, pp. 31–37.","American Diabetes Association (1999), \"Consensus Development Conference on Diabetic Foot Wound Care\", Diabetes Care, Volume 22, pp. 1354.","Annoni F, Rosina M, Chiurazzi D, Ceva M. (1989), \"The effects of ahydrocolloid dressing on bacterial growth and the healing process of leg ulcers\", Inter Angiol, Volume 8, pp. 224−228.","Armstrong DG, Athanasiou KA. (1998), \"The edge effect: how and why wounds grow in size and depth\", Clin.Podiatr. Med. Surg, Volume 15, pp. 105–108.","Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Bushman TR. (1998), \"Peak foot pressures influence the healing time of diabetic foot ulcers treated with total contact casts\", J Rehabil Res Dev, Volume 35, pp. 1−5."]}

Spermicides are agents that immobilize or kill the spermatozoa in the vagina and exert their contraceptive effect. However, recent clinical trials have shown that detergent spermicides do not provide any protection against sexual transmitted diseases and auto immune disorders but may in fact even promote their transmission. Currently, there were various types of contraceptives developed having dissimilar mechanism of action. These contraceptives are prepared from natural as well as synthetic sources. These contraceptives act by avoiding the fusion of sperm into ovum, alteration in female hormonal levels and spermicidal activity. Many compounds with different pharmacological activity have been evaluated in vitro for their spermicidal activity of natural agents such as gossypol, curcumin, Azadirachta indica, been demonstrated to possess good spermicidal activity. But there is still a need to develop alternative compounds for future use as safe spermicidal agent., {"references":["Heeshma C. Shah, Pratima Tatke, Kamalinder K. Singh. (2008), \"Spermicidal agents. Drug Discov Ther\", Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. 200−210.","Singh A, Sharma PK, Kumar N, Dudhe R, Dixit S. (2010), \"Novel spermicidal agent-A review\", Der Pharma Chemica, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. 278−297.","D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM, Venkatachalam T. (February 21, 2002), \"AZT derivatives exhibiting spermicidal and anti-viral activity\", United States Patent No. 20020022600,","D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM, Venkatachalam T. (February 28, 2002), \"AZT derivatives exhibiting spermicidal and anti-viral activity\", United States Patent No. 20020025922,","Grudzinskas JG, Yovich JL. (1995), \"Gametes- The spermatozoon. Cambridge University Press\", Great Britain, pp. 45−69.","Jequier A, Crich J. (1986), \"Semen analysis-A Practical Guide\", Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, pp. 15−18.","Kestelman P, Trussell J. (1991), \"Efficacy of the simultaneous use of condoms and spermicides\", Fam Plann Perspect, Volume 23, Issue 5, pp. 226–227, 232.","Sharma S, SaiRam M, Ilavazhagan G, Devendra K, Shivaji S, Selvamurthy W. (1996), \"Mechanism of action of NIM-76: a novel vaginal contraceptive from neem oil\", Contraception, Volume 54, Issue 6, pp. 373–378.","Talwar G, Raghuvanshi P, Misra R, Mukherjee S, Shah S. (1997), \"Plant immune modulators for termination of unwanted pregnancy and for contraception and reproductive health\", Immunol Cell Biol, Volume 75, Issue 2, pp. 190–192.","Microbicides, (2006), World Health Organization. 2006. Archived from the original on August 4, 2006."]}

Green chemistry (GC) is the rapid emerging branch of chemistry. The beginning of GC is considered as a response to the need to reduce the damage of the environment by man-made materials and the processes used to produce them. The GC could include anything from reducing waste to even disposing of waste in the correct manner. All chemical waste should be set out in the best feasibleway without causing any harm to the surroundings and livelihoods.GC is the synthesis of substance in such a way that is proper, non-polluting and protected and which requires lowest amounts of resources and energy but generating slight or no waste material. The GC is required to minimize the harm of the nature by anthropogenic materials and the processes applied to generate them. The GC indicates research emerges from scientific discoveries about effluence responsiveness. The GC involves twelve set of values which minimize or eliminates the use or production of unsafe substances. Scientists and Chemists can significantly minimize the risk to environment and health of human by the help of all the valuable ideology of GC. The principles of GC can be achieved by the use environmental friendly, harmless, reproducible and solvents and catalysts during production of medicine, and in researches. The use of UV-energy Microwave irradiation in is also significant way to achieve the goal of GC.This article explains ideology and presents selected examples of implementation of green chemistry principles in everyday life in industry, the laboratory and in education., {"references":["Sheldon R.A. Catalysis: The Key to Waste Minimization. J Chem Tech Biotechnol. 1997; 68(4): pp. 267.381–388.","Noyori R. Pursuing practical elegance in chemical synthesis. Chemistry for the Environment. Interuniversity Consortium. http://www.incaweb.org/.","Green & Sustainable Chemistry Network, Japan. Green & Sustainable Chemistry Network.","Anastas P.T. & Hovarsth I.T. Innovations and Green Chemistry, Chem.Rev. 2007; 107: pp. 2169.","Anastas P.T. & Warner J.C. Green Chem Theory and Practice. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. 1998.","Ravichandran S. Int. J. ChemTech Res. 2010; 2(4): pp. 2191","Trost B.M. Atom economy-A challenge for organic synthesis: Homogeneous catalysis leads the way. Angew Chem Int., Ed. 1995; 34: pp. 259.","Bharati VB. Resonance. 2008; 1041.","Ahluwalia V.K. & Kidwai M. New Trends in Green Chemistry. Anamaya Publisher, New Delhi. 2004.","Ravichandran S. Int. J. ChemTech Res. 2010; 2(4): pp. 2191."]}

Additional file 1 : Figure S1. Superoxide anion generation in Pyrogallol treated cells. (A) MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with Pyrogallol (10, 20, 50 and 100 μM) for 24 h followed by 30 mins incubation with 10 μM DHE and analyzed for superoxide anion detection using a fluorescence microscope (above). Phase-contrast images of cells after indicated concentration of Pyrogallol treatment (below). Scale bars, 50 μm. (B) MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 20 μM Pyrogallol for time point as indicated in the figure, and Western blotting was done for mTORC2 specific markers. All data are representative of three independent experiments. Figure S2. Pyrogallol prevents Ras localization to the plasma membrane. MDA-MB-231 cells pre-treated with FTI (Lonafarnib 1 μM) for 4 h followed by stimulation with Pyrogallol (20 μM) for another 24 h. Cells were analyzed for Ras localization by immunofluorescence microscopy. Data are representative of three independent experiments. Figure S3. Evaluation of sequences of peptides. Evaluation of sequences of synthetic peptides identical to the Ras-binding domain (RBD) of mSIN1. Figure S4. Peptide penetration and mutation analysis. (A) Immunofluorescence images of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with FITC-conjugated P4 (50 μg/ml) for 24 h. (B) RBD sequences of wild-type and mutant. Two of the amino acid residues Tyr-323(Y323) and Leu-325(L325) within the region corresponding to P4 in the wild-type RBD, were conserved across the species. The conserved amino acids tyrosine and leucine were mutated with alanine substitutions. Figure S5. Quantification of data of Fig. 1b Densitometric quantification of protein phosphorylation of mTORC2 specific markers by Western blot data (represented in Fig. 1b). **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001. Figure S6. Quantification of data of Fig. 2c, d, and e. (A) Densitometric quantification of protein phosphorylation of mTORC2 specific markers by Western blot data (represented in Fig. 2c). (B) Densitometric quantification of protein phosphorylation of mTORC2 specific markers by Western blot data (represented in Fig. 2d). (C) Densitometric quantification of protein phosphorylation of mTORC2 specific markers by Western blot data (represented in Fig. 2e). Pyr (Pyrogallol) ns (not significant). *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001. Figure S7. Quantification of data of Fig. 3a and f. (A) Densitometric quantification of protein phosphorylation of mTORC2 specific markers by Western blot data represented in Fig. 3a. (B) Densitometric quantification of Western blot data represented in Fig. 3f. VC (Vehicle control), Pyr (Pyrogallol), and ns, not significant. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001. Figure S8. Quantification of data of Fig. 4b and c. Densitometric quantification of protein phosphorylation of mTORC2 specific markers by Western blot data (represented in Fig. 4b). ns, not significant. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001.

Various pthalazine derivatives have been synthesized and tested for their diverse biological activities. Pthalazine derivatives have been exhibited pharmacological activities like antitumor, PARP-1 inhibitors, antimicrobial, antivirus, antihistamine-H1, antiallergic rhinitis, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, COX-2 inhibitor, LOX-5 inhibitor, antidiabetes, and other biological activities like imaging agent. Pthalazine derivatives were also used as agrochemicals and chemicals. Various synthetic aspects indicate that pthalazines derivatives are easy to synthesize which can produce a wide variety of activity.

Denne oppgaven drøfter hvorvidt Morningstar Sustainability Rating (MSR) en prisingsfaktor i aksjemarkedet. Oppgaven analyserer resultatene til 265 europeiske aksjefond i perioden januar 2009 – desember 2018. De ulike fondene kategoriseres i kategoriene lavt- (fond med MSR lik 1 og 2), midt- (fond med MSR lik 3) og høytrangerte fond (fond med MSR lik 4 og 5). I første del av analysen gjennomføres det en prestasjonsanalyse som først analyserer resultatet til de ulike kategoriene, i perioden 2009-2018. I denne analysen kom jeg frem til at høytrangerte fond har høyere avkastning, standardavvik og Sharpe Ratio, sammenlignet med de andre kategoriene. En interessant observasjon er at lavtrangerte fond har lavere systematisk risiko, sammenlignet med de andre kategoriene, og det samme resultatet vises av R2. I tillegg analyseres resultatet til de ulike kategoriene med positiv og negativ utvikling i ESG-rating, i perioden 2009-2018. I denne analysen kom jeg frem til at fond med negativ utvikling i ESG-rating har høyere avkastning, men fond med positiv utvikling i ESG-rating har lavere standardavvik, høyere Sharpe Ratio og lavere systematisk risiko. I andre del av analysen gjennomføres det en tverrsnittsanalyse med formålet om å undersøke i hvilken utstrekning ESG-rating har en effekt på resultatet. I denne analysen kom jeg frem til at midtrangerte fond har et negativt forhold til ESG-rating lik -0,19%, men samtidig har denne kategorien den høyeste alfaèn. For lavtrangerte fond har vi et negativt forhold mellom avkastning og den systematiske risikoen. Midt- og høytrangerte fond har et positivt forhold mellom SMB/Størrelse og avkastning. Avslutningsvis analyseres hva og i hvilken utstrekning kan forklare variasjonen i ESG-ratingen? I denne analysen kom jeg frem til at variabler som avkastning, systematisk risiko, momentum og størrelse, kan være med på å forklare ESG-ratingen til de ulike kategoriene. Kapittel 1 starter med begrunnelse for valg av tema og problemstilling. Kapittel 2 gir en innføring til fagområdet ESG. I kapittel 3 presenteres tidligere litteratur som analyserer sammenhenger mellom ESG-rating og avkastning. Videre i kapittel 4 presenteres det teoretiske rammeverket for sammenhengen mellom ESG-rating og avkastning. I kapittel 5 presenteres metoden. I kapittel 6 presenteres innsamlet data og deskriptiv statistikk, før leseren får innblikk i analysen og diskusjon av resultatene i kapittel 7. Videre i kapittel 8 diskuteres reliabilitet og validitet, før oppgaven konkluderes i kapittel 9. M-ØA

Information and communication technology (ICT) projects have a great potential to revolutionise the information delivery system by bridging the gap between farmers and extension personnel. aAQUA (Almost All Questions Answered) portal was launched by the Developmental Informatics Laboratory (DIL) at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India in 2003 as an information providing system to deliver technology options and tailored information for the problems and queries raised by Indian dairy farmers. To measure the effectiveness of this service the attitudinal dimensions of the users of aAQUA e-Agriservice were investigated using a 22 item scale. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 120 dairy farmers from which data were collected and subjected to factor analysis to identify the underlying constructs in this research. From the attitude items, four components were extracted and named as the pessimistic, utility, technical and efficacy perspective, which influenced the development of varied level of attitudinal inclination towards the e-Agriservice. These components explained 64.40 per cent of variation in the attitude of the users towards the aAQUA e-Agriservice. This study provides a framework for technically efficient service provision that might help to reduce the pessimistic attitude of target population to adopt e-Agriservice in their farming system. The results should also be helpful for researchers, academics, ICT based service providers and policy makers to consider these perspectives while planning and implementing ICT projects.

The productive and reproductive performances of dairy animals have direct effect to milk production and profitability of dairy enterprise. The present study was carried out to analyse the productive and reproductive performance of cattle and buffaloes reared under farmers’ management in three states of differential dairy progress in India. Haryana, Maharashtra and Odisha states were purposively selected from highly, moderately and least dairy progressive states, respectively. The total sample size was 900 containing 300 dairy farmers from each state. The finding shows that the productive and reproductive performances of buffalos in Haryana are better than Maharashtra and Odisha. The productive and reproductive performances of Crossbred were found better in Haryana as well as Maharashtra than Odisha. In Haryana, very few farmers reared Indigenous cattle but the performances were better than Maharashtra and Odisha. The better performance of Haryana may be due to being home track of elite Murrah buffalo, Tharparker and Sahiwal breeds of Indigenous cattle, agro-climatic situations, veterinary services and managerial skills of dairy farmers. To improve the productive and reproductive performance of dairy animals in the moderately progressive (Maharashtra) and least progressive (Odisha) states efforts should be focused on breed improvement, better veterinary infrastructure and enhance the managerial skills of the farmers

Chemotherapy is the most potent therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. In the chemotherapy of tuberculosis, resistance associated with treatment failures emerged and has become a common occurrence all around world. The multi-drug therapy is used to prevent the emergence of drug resistance mutants during the long duration of treatment. Resistance can be defined as single-drug, multi-drugs, depending on the number of drugs and/or which drugs are involved. The drug resistance tuberculosis more prevalent, lack the resources to implement adequate measures to control even the susceptible types of the disease. A high prevalence of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, previous treatment for TB predisposes to the selection of multi drug resistance organisms and non-compliance is a major factor in allowing the resistant organisms to survive.

The effectiveness in TB treatment is difficult because the structural composition of the mycobacterial cell wall is very complicated, which makes many drugs ineffective. Tuberculosis is still one of the most imperative infectious disease worldwide becouse its important reason is drug resistant, persistent or latent tuberculosis and synergism with HIV. Furthermore no any new chemical entity has come. The recently application of modern drug design promise to bring significant development in the fight against TB. In present review we discussed brief introduction of tuberculosis.

Heterocycles are an important class of compounds, making up more than half of all known organic compounds. Heterocycles are present in a wide variety of drugs, most vitamins, many natural products, biomolecules, and biologically active compounds, including antitumor, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antimalarial, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, herbicidal, fungicidal, and insecticidal agents. Also, they have been frequently found as a key structural unit in synthetic pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In this review studied the various heterocyclic imidazopyridine, triazolopyridine quinoline derivatives compounds and their useful biological significances., Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, Vol 5, No 2 (2017)

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are continuously emerging as key tools to support development activities undertaken by Governments, civil society and private enterprises. It has been showing significant result in addressing information asymmetry gap in many sectors and localities, especially in agriculture & allied sector. The rural people, specifically farming communities have been getting timely & relevant information, services & support, and farming inputs. However, the sustainability of these ICT based efforts in improving well-being of farming communities is key to the effectiveness of a rural ICT projects in India. The present paper aimed to determine the sustainability of the aAQUA (Almost All Questions Answered) e-Agriservice in Maharashtra state, western parts of India covering the four districts of the state. The study used the ex-post facto (cause to effect) research design in a quasi-intervention setting. The list of registered users was obtained from the service provider (presently Agrocom Software Technologies Pvt. Ltd.) and total of 120 users were selected randomly from four districts (30 users from each district). The sustainable-Agriservice Index (SeAGRSI) was computed based on the five dimensions viz. technological, economic, social, institutional, and political by using Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA), Mixed Method Approach and Normalized Rank Order Method (NROM). The study revealed that the SeAGRSI for the social indicators was the highest among other dimensions of the sustainability (SeAGRSI = 0.77) followed by the technologically (0.73), economic (0.71) political (0.62) and institutional (0.58) sustainable. It was also found that the mean SeAGRSI was 0.70 as reported by one third (32.50%) of the users, which means 70 per cent the aAQUA e-Agriservice was technologically, socially, economically, institutionally and politically sustainable.

The present study aimed to determine the sustainability of the aAQUA (Almost All Questions Answered) e-Agriservice in Maharashtra state, western parts of India covering the four districts of the state. The study used the ex-post facto (cause to effect) research design in a quasi-intervention setting. The list of registered users was obtained from the service provider (presently Agrocom Software Technologies Pvt. Ltd.) and total of 120 users were selected randomly from four districts (30 users from each district). The sustainable-Agriservice Index (SeAGRSI) was computed based on the five dimensions viz. technological, economic, social, institutional, and political by using combinations of Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA), Mixed Method Approach and Normalized Rank Order Method (NROM). The study revealed that the SeAGRSI for the social indicators was the highest among other dimensions of the sustainability (SeAGRSI = 0.77) followed by the technologically (0.73), economic (0.71) political (0.62) and institutional (0.58) sustainable. It was also found that the mean SeAGRSI was 0.70 as reported by one third (32.50%) of the users, which means 70% the aAQUA e-Agriservice was technologically, socially, economically, institutionally and politically sustainable. The indicators developed would be useful to develop strategy for sustainability of ICT efforts in many developing countries.

The beneficial effects of a Glomus deserticola strain isolated from the rhizosphere of grasses (belonging to Poaceae family) growing along the industrial waste from a distillery were investigated under stress conditions. The study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal ecotype in salinity and heavy metal (HM) tolerance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in soils amended with various stress levels of NaCl, zinc and cadmium. Mycorrhizal (M) seedlings produced a significantly (p

Pyrimidines are versatile nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds, possessing various types of biological and pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, hypotensive, antimalerial, antidepressant, antitubercular, anticoagulant, hypnotic, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiulcer, antiviral and anticancer and other useful activities. Pyrimidine nucleus is endowed with a variety of therapeutic activities and new Pyrimidine are known to be biologically active compounds possessing several pharmacological activities Pyrimidines aroused our interest in synthesizing new Pyrimidines nucleus featuring different substitution with more potent pharmacologically active compounds., Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, Vol 4, No 4 (2016)

The aims of the review are to prepare organic compounds from the materials available in the local market in order to gain access to products in cost-effective, rapid, high yield and environment friendly procedures. The review focus on environment friendly synthetic, various green chemistry approaches and Microwave procedures which could be utilized in the synthesis of various organic compounds and their comparison of conventional synthetic methods. These methods avoid the usage of hazardous substances and are environmental friendly., Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, Vol 4, No 1 (2016)