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Headache, which is often present in patients with epilepsy, can occur outside of epileptic seizures as well as have a temporary connection with them – occur immediately before, during or after an attack. Clinical types of headache in epilepsy are considered in the International Classification of Headache, but not in the classification of epileptic seizures and types of epilepsy. Meanwhile, the presence of concomitant headache and its clinical phenotype should be taken into account when choosing treatment tactics in patients with epilepsy. The article presents data on the prevalence of different types of headache in patients with epilepsy and a modern classification of cephalalgia depending on the temporal relationship with an epileptic attack. Diagnostic criteria for four clinical variants of cephalgia are given: interictal, preictal, ictal and postictal. The comorbid relationship between epilepsy and migraine is considered in more detail, including the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the combination of these paroxysmal conditions.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the informativity of the ultrasound (US) in detecting retinoblastoma (RB) and the local invasion of the tumor in children using modern multi-purpose ultrasound scanners.Materials and methods. This study included 108 patients (216 eyes) examined for suspected RB. RB was diagnosed in 91 patients, 60 children had unilateral tumor, 31 – bilateral tumor (122 eyes). In the remaining 17 children (20 eyes damaged), different non-tumor pathology of the eye was revealed. Among 122 eyes affected by RB, 51 were removed with subsequent histological examination. 27 eyes were removed before treatment, 24 – after chemotherapy.Results. In our study the informativity of ultrasound in detecting RB are: sensitivity – 98.4 %, specificity – 96.8 %, accuracy – 97.7 %. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in assessing tumor invasion to the anterior segment of the eye are 36.4 %, 95.0 % and 82.4 % respectively, to the vitreous body – 97.7 %, 100 % and 97.9 %, to the optic nerve – 54.5 %, 57.1 % and 54.9 %.Conclusion. US examination using linear transducers of 9–18 MHz is highly informative in detecting RB, however, some indicators of the effectiveness in assessing local invasion are not high enough, due to the technical possibilities of the method. One possible way to improve the informativity – to use deep sedation during US examination.

The purpose of the study was to clarify the methodological foundations of the essence of public administration bodies as subjects of administrative procedural law. The methodology of scientific work is determined by the optimal combination of general and special methods of scientific knowledge, which made it possible to form a holistic understanding of the legal form of social phenomena accompanying the development of the state. It is proved that administrative procedural law has its own system, the primary element of which is the administrative procedural norm, so that its normative impact coincides with the purpose of administrative procedural law, namely the practical implementation of administrative and legal norms in the field of public law and, by extension, public administration, i.e. the transformation of substantive administrative law norms at the level of practical implementation of a particular right of a person. The system of administrative procedural law, consisting of rules, institutions and administrative procedural sub-sectors, stands out. Everything leads to the conclusion that the system of administrative-procedural law is in the formative stage and is structurally composed of administrative-procedural norms, institutions and sub-branches and is essentially related to the substantive norms of administrative law.

Tumor lesion of the orbit is found in the clinic of various oncohematological diseases in children. Untimely referral of such patients to an oncologist delays the timing of the necessary treatment, thereby worsening the prognosis of the disease. The literature review presents the features of clinical manifestations of orbital pathology in children at the onset of acute myeloid leukemia, myeloid sarcoma, lymphoma, Langerhans cell and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The article presents our own observations and identifies factors that negatively affect the timely diagnosis of oncohematological diseases in this category of patients.

The phase velocity of a laser-driven wakefield can be efficiently controlled in a plasma channel. A beatwave of two long laser pulses is used. The frequency difference between these two laser pulses equals the local plasma frequency, so that the slow resonant excitation of the plasma wave is possible. Because the driver energy is spread over many plasma periods, the interference pattern can run with an arbitrary velocity along the channel and generate the wakefield with the same phase velocity. This velocity is defined by the channel radius and the structure of laser transverse modes excited in the channel. The wake velocity can be matched exactly to the witness velocity. This can be the vacuum speed of light for ultra-relativistic witnesses, or subluminal velocities for low-energy, weakly relativistic witnesses such as muons.

The studied area comprises the junction zone of the Huliaipole granite-greenstone block with the Vovcha and Remivka granulitegneiss blocks. The Vovcha and Remivka blocks are composed of Archean quartz-feldspathic gneisses (>80%), also containing remnants of high-metamorphic rocks of the West-Azov series. The Huliaipole Block is composed of rocks of the West-Azov series and a Mesoarchaean granite-greenstone complex (3,2–3,0 Ga), which includes the Kosivtseve greenstone structure and TTG rocks of the Shevchenko complex. Granitoids are widespread in the area. Archean TTG rocks of the Shevchenko Complex were formed by partial melting of a mafic protolith. The later granitoids of the southern part of the Vovcha block and Dobropillya Complex are still poorly studied. According to petrological data, granitoids of the Dobropillya Complex were formed due to high degree (>50%) melting of the older crust, which consisted of granitoids and metamorphosed ultramafic and mafic rocks. In the Dobropillya granitoids, inherited zircon significantly prevails and, therefore, it is hard to determine the time of crystallization of these rocks. Seventynine LA-ICP-MS determinations of U-Pb isotope ages were performed on zircon from granite-porphyry of the Vovcha block. The age of this rock has been estimated by the modal 207Pb/206Pb age of the main zircon population as 2840±10 Ma. A small amount of older (up to 3624 Ma) grains has also been detected. Seventy-six LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age determinations were performed on zircon from granodiorite of the second intrusive phase of the Dobropillya massif. In this rock, four main zircon populations can be distinguished. The two oldest peaks (3905 and 3435 Ma) correspond to zircons inherited from an ancient protolith. The main zircon population has a weighted average 207Pb/206Pb age of 2847±20 Ma. Thus, the main zircon populations in the crustal granitoids of both the Vovcha and Huliaipole blocks have an age of 2.8–2.9 Ga. Granitoids of this age have not yet been found in this area and, therefore, there is no clear interpretation of their source. The Archean crust, from which the crustal granitoids of the Vovcha and Huliaipole blocks might have been melted, also included Eoarchean (3.9 and 3.8 Ga), Paleoarchean (3.6–3.2 Ga), and Mesoarchean (3.15–2.95 Ga) rocks. A small group of younger (2350–2135 Ma) zircons reflects the influence of Paleoproterozoic processes, either partial loss of radiogenic lead or the crystallization of a new zircon population. The obtained geochronological data indicates that the Early Precambrian crust of the west-Azov block was formed from 3.9 to 2.1 Ga.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disease that affects women of childbearing age. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome has not been fully studied to date, its paradigm considers the genetic determinism of the manifestation of hormonal and metabolic disorders, which are considered to be criteria for the verification of the disease (hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation and/or polycystic ovarian transformation during ultrasound examination (ultrasound). This review discusses the main ways of interaction between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and obesity and their role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as possible methods of treatment for this category of patients. The review analyzes the role of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in the implementation of the genetic scenario of polycystic ovary syndrome and finds out the reasons why women with polycystic ovary syndrome often demonstrate the presence of a «metabolic trio» - hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is noted that obesity is not included in the criteria for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome, but epidemiological data confirm the existence of a relationship between these diseases. Obesity, especially visceral, which is often found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, enhances and worsens metabolic and reproductive outcomes with polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as increases insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which, in turn, stimulates adipogenesis and suppresses lipolysis. Obesity increases the sensitivity of tech cells to luteinizing hormone stimulation and enhances functional hyperandrogenism of the ovaries, increasing the production of androgens by the ovaries. Excess body weight is associated with a large number of inflammatory adipokines, which, in turn, contribute to the growth of insulin resistance and adipogenesis. Obesity and insulin resistance exacerbate the symptoms of hyperandrogenism, forming a vicious circle that contributes to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. These data allow us to conclude that bariatric surgery can become an alternative to drugs (metformin, thiazolidinedione analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1), which has shown positive results in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity.

The method of researching the development of an innovative enterprise suggested in the paper shows two possible ways to perform it: firstly, when the Competitiveness Commission regulates the excess profits to avoid ageing of existing businesses, and secondly, when the process takes place without any interference, leading to accumulation of fictitious capital and avoidance of obsolescence. The methods allow calculating the pace of these processes. The method of researching the possible negative consequences of corporate innovative development is suggested. The following two elements are the methodological basis of the suggested method: development of the formalized economic conceptual framework and construction of generalizing model of technical change by Hicks, Harrod, and Solow. Classical technical change models were developed in the framework of production functions methodology based on the research of three main factors – capital and labor inputs, and output. The suggested conceptual framework largely eliminates these shortcomings. The use of formalized economic categories fundamentally changes the opportunities of modeling the production and financial-economic processes due to emerging opportunities to transfer from exogenous parameters and processes to consideration of their endogenous properties. One of the possible approaches to establishing the causes of fictitious capital accumulation and obsolescence of fixed assets of enterprises due to innovative activity in the singled-out conditionally closed system (industry, market, etc.) is outlined. The conditions and causes leading to the emergence of financial crises when fictitious capital grows by a significant amount are shown. The nature of the “dichotomy (duality)” of an innovative process is specified – the interests of an enterprise do not meet the public interests, so the country has to prevent the conditions of financial crisis emergence.

25.08.2022 відбулася робота Біологічної секції щорічної Міжнародної Гамовської конференції у режимі он-лайн на платформі Zoom. Традиційно Біологічна секція проходить під назвою “The Importance of G. Gamow's Ideas for Biology of the 21st Century”. У роботі секції брали участь відомі науковці, що ведуть дослідження в області молекулярної біології та генетики з провідних наукових установ України, Канади, США, Великої Британії і Німеччини, також брали участь аспіранти та студенти (загалом 52 учасника). Було представлено 13 усних доповідей, серед них доповіді – «Генетичні ресурси рослин для підвищення стресостійкості – на прикладі зернових культур» - проф., д.б.н. Бьорнер А. (Інститут генетики рослин і досліджень сільськогосподарських рослин імені Лейбніца, Гатерслебен, Німеччина); «Дослідження загальногеномних асоціації для виявлення локусів та генів-кандидатів, що впливають на вміст білка в зерні пшениці м’якої» – проф., д.б.н. Мішева С. (Інститут фізіології рослин і генетики Болгарської академії наук, Софія, Болгарія); «Дослідження молекулярної еволюції та таксономічне застосування 5S рДНК при аналізі роду Aconitum» – проф., д.б.н. Волков Р.А. (Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича, Чернівці, Україна); «Подолання селекційних бар'єрів для пшениці» - проф. Гріффітс С. і доктор Вінген Л.У. (Центр Джона Іннеса, Норвіч, Велика Британія); «Оцінка сучасного стану популяцій Gentiana lutea L. Українських Карпат: Еколого-генетичні підходи» – доц., к.б.н. Прокоп'як М.З. (Тернопільський національний педагогічний університет імені Володимира Гнатюка, Тернопіль, Україна); «Часова динаміка спектрів фонового світіння Photobacterium phosphoreum» – проф., д.б.н. Мартинюк В.С. (Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, Київ, Україна.); «Нові мутації STARD8 і STARD9 виявлені в 46 гонадах XY пацієнтів з дисгенезією, що підтримують ці гени як кандидатів на DSD» – Сіроха Д. і проф., д.б.н. Лівшиц Л.А. (Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України, Київ, Україна); «MYD88 і CXCR4, два гени, які відіграють вирішальну роль у макроглобулінемії Вальденстрема» – д.б.н. Мончак Ю. (Завідувач відділу молекулярної генетики, Центр охорони здоров'я університету Макгілла, Університет Макгілла та Монреальський університет, Канада); «Джордж Гамов і генетичний код ДНК» – проф., д.ф.н. Сегре Г. (Університет Пенсільванії, США). Серед підготовлених доповідей вважаємо необхідним відмітити високу якість та актуальність виконаних на сучасному рівні досліджень молодих та починаючих науковців: «Біоінформаційний аналіз нуклеотидних послідовностей локусів Gli-1 Triticum aestivum L.» – аспірант Попович Ю.А., проф., д.б.н. Чеботар С.В. (ОНУ імені І.І. Мечникова, Одеса, Україна); «Скринінг продуцентів тіопептидних антибіотиків за допомогою репортерної системи на основі промотору гена tipA» – аспірант Тістечок С.І. (Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, Україна); «Довгі та короткі варіанти 5S рДНК у геномах видів Apis» – аспірант Рошка Н.М. (Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича, Чернівці, Україна). Як позитивну рису роботи біологічної секції було відмічено багатоплановість охопленої тематики, що має генетичне підґрунтя, та перспективність досліджень, що виконуються на стику наук. Учасники Біологічної секції звернули увагу, що Г.А. Гамов зробив внесок у розвиток саме молекулярної біології, поставивши питання про розшифрування генетичного коду, тому необхідно у назву конференції додати – «molecular biology», щоб назва конференції виглядала наступним чином: «Аstronomy and Beyond: Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravitation, Astroparticle physics, Rradioastronomy, Astrobiology and Molecular biology».

The article indicates the types of actions taken in order to update the restrictions of state support measures in the foreign economic sphere in the Russian Federation. The directions of expansion of the list of recipients of support and the list of measures, changes in funding and conditions for receiving support are described, as well as temporarily suspended measures are named.

The article analyzes the opportunities and advantages of interactive online platforms in learning foreign languages, their place and role in the formation of foreign language skills of future specialists in the system of higher education. As an evidential theoretical and methodological base the authors apply the data of their own sociological research, which makes it possible to provide certain recommendations of an applied nature in relation to the studied issue on the whole.

Purpose: To generalize a taxonomy of responsible investment strategies based on assessing the main trends in the development of SRI at the global level and by major geographical regions. Analyse the types of existing SRI strategies and rank them according to their leading positions and active use in different geographical regions. Design/Method/Approach: System-structural in order to generalize approaches to the typology of socially responsible investment strategies in accordance with the current assets structure managed by investment managers, including by geographical regions; systematic analysis to identify current trends and patterns in the investment processes in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); statistical and graphical methods for quantitative and visual presentation of analysis results. Findings: The current mechanism of socially responsible investments distribution in comparison with traditional assets is characterized; global trends in the field of SRI are assessed; the taxonomy of SRI strategies in accordance with general scientific approaches and classifications of international investment organizations aimed at achieving the Sustainable Development Goals at the global level has been formed and generalized. Theoretical Implications: A comprehensive assessment of global investment processes is carried out in the context of responsible investment and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals; the most optimal approaches to the RI strategies typology have been determined based on its current trends, the level of attraction of them in different regions in order to apply them in the impact investments programs, developing the country's profile as an investment donor. Research Limitations/Future Research: The the obtained results will be used in the further study of the transformation of the stock market in Ukraine based on the responsible trajectory and fractal analysis. Also, identified responsible investment strategies can serve as a basis for developing the investment profile of the impact investment donor country, as well as for highlighting priority areas for attracting investments to restore the country's economy after crises, military conflicts and other macroeconomic destabilization factors. The study was performed within the state budget research “Fractal model of the stock market transformation in Ukraine: socially responsible investment to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals” № 0121U100473 Paper type: Empirical

The papers reports results of long-term monitoring of macrophytobenthos of the Beresansky Estuary and its coastal waters. The features of the distribution of macrophyte algae in the estuary and adjacent marine areas, including Berezan Island, were analyzed in connection with changes in their salinity and pollution. A total of 32 species of macrophyte algae from 4 divisions, 6 classes, 10 orders, 13 families and 17 genera were found in the Berezan Estuary. Chlorophyta (17 species) lead in species diversity, Rhodophyta (9) rank second, and Ochrophyta third (5). Charophyta were represented by one species. Both on the sea coast of the estuary and near the coast of Berezan Island, 13 species of macrophyte algae of almost identical composition were found, in particular, 8 species of green algae, 5 and 4 of red algae, respectively, and one species of brown algae. Increasing the salinity level of the Berezan Estuary by more than two times (up to 13.8‰) in recent decades caused changes in the species composition of the phytobenthos: charophytes and some freshwater green algae have disappeared, while marine red and brown algae have appeared.

Relevance. Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in children. The incidence of RB ranges from 1:14,000 to 1:20,000 newborns. To date, the survival rates of patients with RB reach almost 100 % with timely and adequate diagnosis. Among childhood oncological diseases, RB accounts for 2.3–4.5 % and 85–90 % among intraocular tumors in children. According to the volume of tumor spread, intra- and extraocular forms of the disease are distinguished. Extraocular RB is the spread of the tumor beyond the eye with invasion of the orbital tissues, as well as the possible involvement of adjacent areas, including intracranial without and with regional and/or remote metastases. The main method of treatment of children with extraocular RB is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) with planning of surgical intervention and adjuvant therapy. High-dose CT (HDCT) with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT), it allows to increase relapse-free survival in patients without metastatic lesions of the brain and spinal cord, but with their defeat, the prognosis of survival is extremely unfavorable, the nature of the disease is recurrent with 100 % lethality.Description of the clinical case. We report a case of bilateral RB: OD – with extraocular and intracranial spread of the tumor along the optic nerve with a lesion of the chiasm and a transition to the initial parts of the visual tracts. Secondary glaucoma. OS – with intraocular tumor growth in a 3-year-old child. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including intrathecal, a simultaneous two-stage operation was performed in the volume of bone-plastic (temporo-orbito-zygomatic) pterionic craniotomy on the right with prechiasmal resection of the right optic nerve and enucleation of the right eye. In the postoperative period, adjuvant chemotherapy was performed, followed by HDCT with auto-HSCT. Radiation therapy has become the final stage of treatment. Brachytherapy for OS tumor and remote radiotherapy for craniospinal region, right orbit, optic nerve stump with chiasm and pituitary pedicle were successively performed. After 14 months from the beginning of treatment and 5 months after its completion, a leptomeningeal relapse of the disease was detected.Conclusion. Rare observations of RB with damage to the visual tracts do not allow us to sufficiently study the features of the course of the tumor process, as well as to develop a single effective approach to antitumor treatment. Among the causes of mortality in patients with extraocular RB, the main one is metastasis, metastasis in the brain and spinal cord.

The effective innovation activity in the region depends on the state and development of its innovative potential. The authors used theoretical, statistical, comparative, and analytical methods to describe the concept of innovative potential, evaluate its current state in the Kemerovo Region, and identify the promising areas for its development. The article introduces a comparative analysis of innovative and entrepreneurial activity in the Kemerovo Region in 2016–2020. The methodology developed by the Higher School of Economics of the National Research University made it possible to compare the indicators of innovative development in different regions of the Siberian Federal District. The analysis included the dynamics of the factors in order to calculate the indicators of innovative development and rank the regions. In terms of innovation activity, the Kemerovo Region appeared to be inferior to such leading regions of the Siberian Federal District as Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, and Krasnoyarsk. However, the region has good potential opportunities for innovative development. The authors recommend several promising directions that could develop the innovative potential of the region, create competitive advantages, attract additional investment, develop its digitalization potential, and increase its participation in the federal innovative, scientific, and technical policy, as well as to make it attractive for young people.

The article analyzes the state guarantee of the right of citizens to quality medical care in terms of vaccination from COVID-19. It is determined that in today's conditions it is extremely important to ensure the proper functioning of health care, the provision of quality medical services which in turn will guarantee proper medical care. The state must provide the citizens of Ukraine not only with the vaccine, but also with reliable information about the need for vaccination. It turns out that the small number of vaccinated in Ukraine is not only due to the slow pace of procurement and vaccination, but also the lack of awareness of citizens about all the benefits of the need for vaccination. The main indicators of vaccination in the World and Ukraine as of mid-April 2021 have been determined. It is concluded that the positive in today's conditions are: the efforts of the legislator still not to influence the subjective choice of every resident of Ukraine on the need for vaccination; regulatory support of the Center for Public Health, which in turn will strengthen the network of regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CCP); creation of a Roadmap for the introduction of a vaccine against acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Proposals are being made to focus the attention of public authorities and local governments on the information component of ensuring the right of citizens to quality medical care in the context of vaccination against COVID-19.

This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts. Data and metadata are stored on the Open Science Framework website [https://osf.io/mhg94/].

According to Statista, the market for mobile wallet transactions will grow significantly over the next few years [1]. Smartphones are now used not only for communication but also as a means of payment in a number of countries. The pandemic has accelerated things further, as people have turned to e-commerce to fulfill their everyday needs. It is expected that the total number of digital wallet users worldwide is expected to exceed 5.2 billion in 2026, up from 3.4 billion in 2022, representing strong growth of over 53%, due to a new study from Juniper Research. E-wallets make bank accounts more accessible, helping unbanked users to digitize their cash. And for financial institutions, it helps to increase customer loyalty, boost demand, and improve the convenience of modern users. In the future, digital wallets will be more than cards. The raise of e-wallets has shaken up how we proceed with payments, offering convenience and security that traditional payment methods cannot match. With merchants' adoption of e-wallets and the promise of continued innovation, this technology is in danger of becoming the future of payments. But due to the fact that e-wallets are issued not only by banking institutions, the level of compliance when adding new customers is also lower, and the level of fraud is higher. Since the study is based on non-banking countries, the best option would be to consider India as lately, it has been experiencing exponential growth in the area of digital payment [2]. Flagship government initiatives such as Digital India will act as making the country digitally empowered. In order to accelerate the execution of the concept of the digital economy there are a number of digital payment systems were established. Today in India mobile payments are a top investment priority for banks and non-banking institutions. Over 2/3 of the population of India have a mobile phone and only 1/4 have a bank account. Consumers are growingly using their smartphones to proceed with payment transactions [2]. Since April 2022 according to regulations issued by The Reserve Bank of India, has been removed the limitation of using the amount in one wallet only on expenses made through the same wallet. Customers acquired an opportunity to send money from one mobile wallet to various other wallet brands, send and receive money instantly P2P, C2B, B2B, or G2C and withdraw cash from POS terminals. India has already introduced some the option for payment methods such as Ola money and PayTM (one of the most popular providers in India) [3]. The growing popularity and a crowded market with many providers are becoming the main factor in increasing fraud and hacks. Security breaches make digital wallets vulnerable and can lead to loss of funds or sensitive data. These reasons stop the investor from investing money in the development of these technologies, since in addition to monetary risks, the investor may also face reputational risks, and a case of violation of the law by the company that produces digital wallets could result in fines or other penalties. Total losses from fraudulent operations with bank transactions (including digital wallet transactions) in 2017 amounted to 22.8 billion US dollars, and according to forecasts, this year the volume of fraudulent operations is expected to increase to 35.67 billion dollars [3]. Machine learning and Big Data analysis techniques seriously help to automate the development of models for identifying fraudulent transactions. However, the development of a system that automatically will detect fraudulent transactions requires qualified engineers and eventually a long time for development, which in turn leads to exorbitant costs for small and medium-sized enterprises. For the last few years, there has been an expanding amount of investigations on the use of resource-intensive technologies such as artificial neural networks and deep learning. Nowadays a large part of the studies analyzes fraud detection with machine learning, creating their own algorithms that are trained with historical data to suggest risk rules and cover more cases. Regulatory issues, at the same time performed as opportunities to invest in e-wallets and opposite, bring some challenges and risks to consider when investing in digital business. Cashless policies in the economy of a country seriously affect their economic growth. Solutions like UPI and Aadhar have enabled India to become the largest real-time market for digital payments, strengthening India’s foothold as a digital payments leader. UPI is a real-time payment system that allows users to link several bank accounts in a single smartphone app and execute fund transfers without providing IFSC code or account number [4]. Digital currencies that gained popularity in recent years also contributed to the rapid development of digital wallets. The fast growth of different types of cryptocurrency or digital currencies such as utility, payment, security, stablecoins, and NFTs forced central banks to provide an alternative—or let the future of money pass them by. That's how the world saw the Central Bank digital currency (CBDC), which is expected to serve as the core digital infrastructure in the future. Nowadays, many countries have their CBDC pilot projects that successfully launched and are testing. 15 cities with more than 13 banks participating in the retail and wholesale CBDC pilots that are run by The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) [4]. To figure out solutions for enabling offline transactions, increasing transactions per second, and improving scalability. The RBI initiated a Hackathon this year. They have also been interacting with private businesses to find out ways how to work with offline transactions. Both the government and private companies allocate huge budgets for the development of these technologies. To summarize, India has taken many steps to move to a cashless economy and has achieved some success. By implementing the right policy and providing adequate support for business, the country is now rapidly moving towards digitalization and already more than 40 providers provide their services on the territory of this country. But the problem with fraud remains at a very high level. Lack of financial knowledge is causing the rise of identity theft in the country. End-users' financial illiteracy and reluctance to digitize are the biggest obstacles to a faster transition to cashless payment transactions. Despite all this, there are many opportunities for businesses to invest in fraud detection programs, transaction protection methods, and the creation of new authentication systems, or it is never too late to invest in the creation of a new service provider, especially since countries that will adopt a cashless economy every year there will be more. Investing in digital wallets may provide access to new markets and customer segments, especially in emerging economies. Purchasing goods online, paying bills, transmitting funds between individuals, paying for transportation, sending money abroad and many other businesses now executed with the help of digital currencies, millions of potential clients.

The article examines the possibilities of applying interdisciplinary connections in learning English during the teaching of socio-humanitarian disciplines for students of the specialty «Sociology». The author gives an example of his own development of an individual assignment based on the implementation of the principle of interdisciplinarity in the educational process, which contributes to the improvement of English-language professional communication among students of non-philological specialties. The obtained results represent individual work as an effective tool for the formation of general and professional competences of applicants for higher education, as well as the development of their foreign language communicative competence, which significantly increases the competitiveness of modern specialists.

The work is devoted to analyzing literary sources and the results of public research on epizootology, epidemiology, and approaches to the fight against trichinosis – one of the most unsafe helminthiasis in animals and people. In the statistics, the primary nutrition is comprehensive, the path and the sources of invasion, the dynamics of infection of pigs and other creatures, now look at the circulation of Trichinella in nature and the biocenosis associated with humans, as well as the main directions of preventive entry. We conducted a study on the monitoring of trichinosis infestation. We found that the territory of Ukraine has a stationary unfavorable incidence of trichinosis in pigs, and the most significant number of pig carcasses infected with larvae – 76.5 % were registered in Mykolaioblast. Z'yasovanie natural causes of trichinosis, as revealed in the Transcarpathian, Mykolaiv, and Kharkiv regions. The dominating significance of the circulation of the bug is given to the invasion of the environment of the wild fauna lies the red fox. At the same time, there is an important creature in the circulation of the census between the synanthropic and natural centers. With laboratory studies of carcasses of creatures infected with Trichinella larvae, it is possible to show a significant advantage to the method of over-etching of muscles in piece stomach juice is equal to compressor trichineloscopy. These methods objectively characterize the intensity of invasion in skin creatures and show their role in the circulation of trichinosis. Due to the support of the European legislation, the first leaders are to introduce into the practice of veterinary medicine in Ukraine new methods for post-life and prosperous diagnosis of trichinosis. The system for the complex of entry into the prevention and elimination of trichinosis of creatures is guilty of including preventive measures and the prevention of endemic middle infections.

Minimizing energy losses and increasing the efficiency of a multiphase power supply system by increasing the load power factor using an active shunt filter (SAF) is analyzed. Two SAF control strategies are presented, which provide the maximum efficiency at close to the unit value of power factor or at sinusoidal symmetric currents of the power supply system with any number of phases for non-sinusoidal and asymmetric sources, nonlinear and asymmetric load, and the arbitrary ratio of the resistance of linear and neutral wires. It is shown that the use of direct information about the EMF of a multiphase source as a reference vector of the desired transmission line current does not improve the achieved result of efficiency maximization. A virtual experiment obtained and verified the formula for calculating the efficiency of a multiphase power supply system with an arbitrary load in the form of dependence on load factor and power factor. The power supply system's power factor was determined and experimentally confirmed when applying the SAF strategy to form sinusoidal symmetric currents of a multiphase source. References 10, figures 5.

Doctrinal approaches to understanding the place and role of the sign of property separation of an entrepreneurial company in the context of the main provisions of the theory of fiction and the theory of reality of a legal entity as a participant in civil circulation are analyzed. It was concluded that the existence of a significant number of scientific approaches that reveal the essence of individual features of an entrepreneurial company as a legal entity only contribute to the further development of doctries about the legal nature of this legal phenomenon and outline not only the general model of a legal entity, but also its varieties with additional features highlighted. Such a variety is a business partnership, which, as a type of phenomenon in relation to a generic (legal entity), has its own characteristics that do not replace (fully correspond to) the general characteristics of a legal entity. One of these features is property separation, which is recognized as mandatory both by the supporters of the theory of fiction and the supporters of the theory of the real existence of a legal entity as a participant in civil circulation. It is noted that the feature of property separation is the main one for a legal entity, as it allows to ensure the guarantees of its creditors, to limit the possibility of abuse by the participants (founders) of such an organization, who could use the construction of a legal entity for the purpose of evading responsibility. However, this sign is not the only one. The approach based on which the theory of fiction most accurately reveals the property separation feature and its place in the system of features of a legal entity is substantiated, defining it as one of the two key essentially forming features of a legal entity.

Introduction. At the heart of the creation and improvement of robotic road construction machines and complexes are mathematical modelling methods, the use of which is justified both in the development of the machines themselves and mathematical models that describe the turning processes and determine the movement of the machine along a given trajectory.The method of research. The article presents a generalized design scheme for the rotation of a three-axle road roller, which reflects its main geometric and kinematic characteristics. On the basis of the design scheme, a mathematical model of the rotation of the skating rink was compiled. As a result of the developed mathematical model, a program code was built in the MATLAB software product, which formed the basis of theoretical studies that made it possible to fully study the influence of the design and operational parameters of the machine on the motion trajectory and positioning accuracy.Results. The calculated dependencies have been obtained to determine the influence of such parameters as the speed of the road roller, the angular speed of the drum rotation on the distance of rebuilding on a parallel course and on the displacement of the rotary drum, that is, on the trajectory and positioning accuracy of the road-building machine.Conclusion. On the basis of the design scheme, a mathematical model of the rotation of the roller was compiled, as a result of which studies were carried out aimed at studying the influence of the design and operational parameters of the machine on the trajectory of the road roller and the accuracy of its positioning on the construction site when performing technological operations.

Objective. Immunohistochemistry testicular tissue collagens evaluation in the treatment of azoospermia with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT).Materials and methods. We used biopsy material of testicular fragments from 14 patients with an established diagnosis of secretory azoospermia before and after the use of PRP plus ESWT (patent granted RU2738543 from 14.12.2020). The mean age was 33.07 ± 4.64 (28–43 years), the mean duration of the disease – 4,1 ± 2,26 years (1–9 years). All participants received 2 therapy sessions per week during 6 weeks. 1st session included ultrasound-guided PRP injections into testicles and spermatic cords, finally PRP was activated with ESWT (Dornier Aries), 2nd session included ESWT per testicles and epididymis. Immunohistochemistry analysis with antibodies to collagen types I, III and IV of patient’s biopsies with azoospermia were completed on 90 days before treatment and 180 days from last PRP-injection.Results. Before PRP and ESWT therapy: type I collagen was 22.9 ± 4.2 % (p p p p p p Conclusion. The production of biologically active substances against the background of PRP and ESWT therapy stimulates the collagen various types synthesis, which promotes to the restoration of the fibrous component of the blood-testicular barrier and improves spermatogenesis.

In the context of the global pandemic, the number of cases of domestic violence is gradually increasing, which certainly requires special attention from society and the state and possible ways to minimize such cases. Given that the victim of violence will always need protection, it is necessary to understand the possible victimological portrait of the potential victim. The aim of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the victimological portrait of the victim of domestic violence. Methods of problem analysis. A set of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, experiment) and special legal (comparative legal, synergetic) methods was used in the study of the subject of the scientific article. Results of the research. The study found that the increase in domestic violence in recent years has been directly correlated, including with the global Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, it should be noted that in solving the problem of domestic violence, despite its sufficient degree of research, there are still no common theoretical and methodological approaches. It is determined that the victim of a criminal offense is a natural person who, as a result of or under the condition of his relationship with the offender, directly or indirectly caused physical, moral or property damage. The defining feature of a victim who has been harmed as a result of or in a relationship with a criminal will be the existence between them of the relationship that led to its victimization. It is argued that the main components of the so-called subsystems of criminological characteristics of a person who is a victim of violence should include the following: 1) socio-demographic qualities (gender, age, education, marital status, social ties); 2) moral and psychological characteristics that reflect a person’s perception of social values and social functions that he performs. It is concluded that the personality of a victim of criminal violence is charac- terized by a set of fairly stable typical socio-demographic and moral-psychological traits, which in interaction with external factors cause an increased opportunity for an individual to become a victim of criminal-violent behavior. signs of a criminal. Moreover, the analysis of the relationship between the offender and the victim allowed us to establish the main areas of prevention of violent crimes, and by complementing the study with information about the behavior of the victim, we identified the main victim behavior of a victim of violence. Scientific novelty. The article provides a comprehensive description of the victimological portrait of the victim of violence, taking into account the latest legislative changes. The need to pay more attention to the psycho-emotional state of a potential victim of a violent offense is argued. Practical significance. The results of this analysis can be used for further research in criminology, in particular the victimological characteristics of the victim of a potential violent offense.

Завдання мовної освіти передбачає розвиток компетентних мовців, які застосовуватимуть набуті теоретичні знання в мовно-комунікативній діяльності. Практичному здійсненню усного й письмового мовлення здобувачів належить вивчення синтаксичних одиниць, їх побудова та функціонування. У статті з’ясовано різні підходи до дослідження синтаксису, поміж яких визначено три найважливіших, що переважають під час характеризування особливостей та властивостей системи синтаксичних одиниць(формально-синтаксичний, семантико-синтаксичний, або семантичний і комунікативний, або функційний). Виокремлено низку сучасних(комп’ютерний, когнітивний), які уможливлюють аналіз інших природних властивостей синтаксичних явищ та їх функціонування. Акцентовано на єдності комунікативної організації синтаксичних конструкцій зі структурними та семантичними ознаками. Продемонстровано погляди лінгвістів щодо поєднання аспектів через встановлення взаємозв’язку та взаємодії (логіко-семантичний, логіко-граматичний, структурно-семантичний, функційно-прагматичний). Окрім низки провідних підходів до вивчення синтаксичної будови мови, конкретизовано та обґрунтовано основні, які спрямовані на підвищення рівня знань здобувачів освіти. Отримання учнями практичного досвіду забезпечує прагматичний, який сприяє формуванню вмінь переконливо висловлювати власну позицію. Наголошено, що логічний, комунікативний та когнітивний підходи відіграють важливу роль під час навчання синтаксису, оскільки найповніше сприятимуть розвиткові компетентних мовців, здатних спілкуватися в різних життєвих ситуаціях.

The variable speed power generation system based on a doubly-fed induction generator is the most popular in the wind industry. The stator is connected directly to the mains in such a generator, while the rotor is connected to the mains via a semiconductor converter. Low electric power quality increases energy and economic losses, leading to operational problems of production. Many publications discuss improving the electric power quality, particularly methods for eliminating harmonics for a power generation system based on a doubly-fed induction generator. Critical evaluation is needed to choose a method of eliminating harmonies for a particular case. The article presents an overview of different control methods for harmonic elimination in power generation systems based on a doubly-fed induction generator. Various strategies are used, which are used both in autonomous systems and in the mode of connection to the network. During the review of control methods for harmonic elimination, their different characteristics were noted, and the ad-vantages and disadvantages of each method were considered. Ref. 53, fig. 6.

The detection of an intraocular embryonic tumor – retinoblastoma (RB) – in children and its differential diagnosis with diseases mimicking RB is an important task of imaging. Considering that the clinical and radiological patterns of RB and the diseases mimicking it may be similar, and the choice of a treatment strategy is carried out without preliminary histological examination, the primary diagnosis is of decisive importance. A comprehensive diagnostic approach for suspected RB provides a timely choice of optimal treatment tactics and improves prognosis. The article presents the most demonstrative own observations. The literature review includes the modern possibilities of non-ionizing radiation diagnostics of RB and diseases mimicking as it.

The main purpose of our study is to form a demonstration model of the main processes for introducing digital technologies into the human resources management system for engineering enterprises. Digital transformations are associated with management changes, which are based on the technologies of the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, blockchain, machine learning, Industry 4.0, Big Data in all spheres of public life. Investing in human capital has always been considered a productive investment. The digital economy has increased the urgency of increasing labor productivity through the transformation of human governance mechanisms. The main and key processes of the introduction of digital technologies in the human resources management system of the engineering enterprise were considered. The digitalization of society has radically changed people's lives and opened up new opportunities in the field of human resources management. The digital transformation of the human resources system affects all types of businesses, from large corporations to small micro-firms. As a result, the key stages and processes of implementation of digital technologies in the human resources management system of the enterprise were presented. The research methodology consisted of the application of modeling and graphical display methods.

Obesity and overweight tend to increase in prevalence in the whole world. Obese people have a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus and reproductive system diseases. This is especially evident in women. Hormonal imbalances is developed among obese women in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, typically there are menstruation disorders, anovulation and female infertility. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, with an intricate role in bioactive molecules secrete, in particularly adipokines, which interact differently with a variety of molecular pathways, contribute to the development of insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, increased risk of cardiovascular events, disorders of blood clotting, differentiation and maturation of oocytes. In addition, women with obesity and metabolic syndrome have problems with conception at the endometrial level often, a significantly higher risk of having a miscarriage, and worse assisted reproductive technology outcomes. Obesity has negative effects on the endometrium in non-pregnant women, it is increasing the risk of abnormal uterine bleeding. Hormones derived from adipose tissue could be affected on the function of the uterus/endometrium and, consequently, affect the amount of menstrual blood loss. Contradictory results are observed in patients with endometriosis. The correlation of body mass index to the risk of endometriosis has not been proven in clinical studies, but there was a direct relationship between the severity of endometriosis and a high body mass index. The review presents possible relationships of diseases of the reproductive system with obesity and overweight, determining their development and pathogenesis of disorders of the formation of the functions of reproductive organs.

The article focuses on a rare form of primary headache – migraine with brainstem aura (previous term – basilar migraine). The place of this form in the International Classification of Headache Disorders is indicated, diagnostic criteria and clinical features are given. Clinical case of migraine with brainstem aura in a young man is presented. The effectiveness of the acute treatment and preventive therapy are discussed; features of the above case are analyzed.

Botulinum therapy for cerebral palsy (CP) is considered not only as one of the effective approaches for the treatment of increased muscle tone and spasticity, but also as a method of excessive salivation correction. The article presents an overview of the results of Russian and foreign studies on the efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of spasticity of the lower and upper limbs, as well as sialorrhea in patients with CP. The article also provides a consensus opinion of Russian specialists working with patients with CP and using Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA) in their practice for the treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea. This consensus was based on the results of a Russian retrospective multicenter study on the use of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea in CP, data from recently published international clinical trials, and our own clinical experience. We present detailed practical recommendations on the calculation of the total dose of incobotulinumtoxinA per procedure for the treatment of spasticity in CP, on the calculation of incobotulinumtoxinA dose for the most common target muscles (lower and upper limbs) for spasticity treatment in CP, on incobotulinumtoxinA dilution and dose calculation for sialorrhea treatment in children, on incobotulinumtoxinA dilution and dose calculation for simultaneous treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea in CP. We justify incobotulinumtoxinA use, when simultaneous treatment of spasticity and sialorrhea is necessary, which allows reducing the intervals between repeated injection cycles. IncobotulinumtoxinA use in children with CP demonstrates a favorable safety profile, including long-term use.

The idea of distributed active filtration is to compensate for the currents of higher harmonics and undesirable components of the power of the main network with inverters of renewable energy converters of the connected microgrid, which have reserves of apparent power. For the convenience of distributed compensation, it is proposed to identify the sinusoidal mode of the three-phase four-wire power system, provided that the symmetric source is six mutually orthogonal components of the three-coordinate vector of line currents. The power of imbalance is shown to be due to four mutually orthogonal components of the three-coordinate vector of line currents with defined reference voltage vectors, each of which is proportional to a separate orthogonal component of the power of imbalance. Integral formulas for determining the scalar values of the four specified orthogonal components of imbalance powers have been obtained, which open the possibility of accounting for their contribution to the deterioration of the quality of electrical energy and the synthesis of control signals for active distributed filtration. The connection between the four specified orthogonal components of the power of imbalance and the parameters of the linear unbalanced load was established, which made it possible to verify these integral formulas using a computer experiment. It is analytically established and experimentally confirmed that the squares of the two orthogonal components of the imbalance powers associated with the current of the neutral wire are included in the decomposition of the square of apparent power and power losses with the multiplier, depending on the ratio of the resistances of the transmission line of the three-phase four-wire power system. References 17, figures 3.

Introduction. This article presents the results of treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) type II, IIIA and IIIB by extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT).The study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of ESWT in the treatment of CP.Materials and methods. The research included 43 patients with CP. The patient’s age was 38.8 (27–65). The mean CP duration was 13.5 (3–24) months. 43 patients were assigned into 3 groups based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) examination. Group 1 had fibrotic changes in the prostate (n = 21). Group 2 had prostate calcifications (n = 5). Group 3 had fibrotic changes and calcifications in the prostate (n = 17). Treatment included ESWT (Dornier Aries) twice per week during 6 weeks. Each ESWT-session was comprised 2000–3500 pulses (0.05–0.062 mJ/mm2) and 8–6 Hz of frequency. All men were evaluated on 0 and 60 days of the study using NIH-CPSI (National Institutes Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index), IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), TRUS of the prostate, the culture of seminal or prostate fluid, spermogram or prostate fluid analysis, serum prostatic specific antigen for men over 50 years of age.Results. The patients over 50 years-old had total prostatic specific antigen less than 4 ng/ml. Bacterial growth was found in the culture of seminal/prostate fluid of the 26 patients. They were additionally prescribed antibiotics according to antibiogram. All patients got the treatment well. Control study pointed at lower scores of NIH-CPSI – grade decreased from 13.39 (1–34) to 5.54 (0–24) (p 0.05). In the group 1 in 3 cases local fibrosis were completely resolved, in 18 cases fibrotic changes decreased from 5.3 (0–13) mm to 3.24 (0–8.1) mm (p 0.05). In the group 3 calcifications were completely resolved (p Conclusion. ESWT is an effective and non-invasive method of treatment of CP type II, IIIA and IIIB. The proposed treatment to relieve pain syndrome, inflammation, to promote lysis of fibrosis zone and calcinates, improves the draining function of prostate, contributing to accelerated elimination of microflora.