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Introduction Brain metastases (BM) are frequent among lung cancer patients, affecting prognosis and quality of life. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) classification (IASLC/ATS/ERS) has prognostic impact in early-stage disease; however, its role in the advanced setting is not precise. This study aims to determine the correlation between the predominant histological subtype and the risk of developing brain metastases (BM) in locally advanced and metastatic (stages IIIB-IV) LADC. Methods A total of 710 patients with LADC were treated at our institution from January 2010 to December 2017. After excluding patients with brain metastases at diagnoses (n = 151), they were categorized according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS LADC classification to estimate the risk of developing brain metastases. A competing risk analysis was employed, considering death a competing risk event. Results From 559 patients, the mean age was 59 ± 13.2 years, women (52.4 %), and clinical-stage IV (79.2 %). LADC subtypes distribution was lepidic (11.6 %), acinar (37.9 %), papillary (10.2 %), micropapillary (6.8 %), and solid (33.5 %). A total of 27.0 % of patients developed BM, 32.9 % died without brain affection, and 40.0 % did not progress. The predominantly solid subtype showed the greatest probability of all subtypes for developing BM [HR 4.0; 95 % CI (1.80−8.91), p = 0.0006], followed by micropapillary [HR1.11; 95 % CI (0.36−3.39), p = 0.85). The solid subtype, moderately differentiated tumors, age, and ECOG PS (>2) were associated with increased hazards in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION According to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification, the predominantly solid pattern was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing BM in patients with locally advanced and metastatic LADC. Its prognostic value might help explore novel clinical approaches, modify monitoring for earlier detection, prevent complications, and reduce morbidity.

ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of migraine associated to menstruation in a population of students at a college in Brazil’s inland.MethodsThe students were recruited and submitted to the Test for the Identification of Women with Menstrual Period-Related Headache based on the ID-MigraineTM and Menstrual Migraine Assessment Tool questionnaires. Migraine diagnosis was made according to ICHD-3 criteria.ResultsOf the 424 students, 312 (73.5%) answered affirmatively in at least two of the four questions in the first part of the questionnaire and in the following 216 (69.2%) of these reported having migraine related to their menstrual period in the majority of the months.ConclusionsMenstrual migraine is a prevalent public health problem that deserves attention in order to ensure a better quality of life for women affected by such a condition.

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a chiral psychoactive recreational drug sold in illicit markets as racemate. Studies on the impact of MDMA on aquatic organisms are scarce. While enantioselectivity in toxicity in animals and humans has been reported, none is reported on aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of MDMA and its enantiomers in Daphnia magna. For that, enantiomers (enantiomeric purity > 97%) were separated by liquid chromatography using a homemade semipreparative chiral column. Daphnids were exposed to three concentrations of (R,S)-MDMA (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 µg L−1) and two concentrations of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers (0.1 and 1.0 µg L−1) over the course of 8 days. Morphophysiological responses were dependent on the substance form and daphnia development stage, and they were overall not affected by the (R)-enantiomer. Changes in swimming behaviour were observed for both the racemate and its enantiomers, but enantioselective effects were not observed. Reproductive or biochemical changes were not observed for enantiomers whereas a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase and catalase activity was noted at the highest concentration of (R,S)-MDMA (10 µg L−1). Overall, this study showed that sub-chronic exposure to MDMA racemate and its enantiomers can interfere with morphophysiological and swimming behaviour of D. magna. In general, the (R)-enantiomer demonstrated less toxicity than the (S)-enantiomer., This work was financially supported by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), under the project PTDC/CTA-AMB/6686/2020, and partially supported through the projects UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020 (Group of Natural Products and Medicinal ChemistryCIIMAR).

Depression is a psychiatric disorder affecting the lives of patients and their families worldwide. It is an important pathophysiology; however, the molecular pathways involved are not well understood. Pharmacological treatment may promote side effects or be ineffective. Consequently, efforts have been made to understand the molecular pathways in depressive patients and prevent their symptoms. In this context, animal models have suggested phytochemicals from medicinal plants, especially phenolic acids, as alternative treatments. These bioactive molecules are known for their antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. They occur in some fruits, vegetables, and herbal plants. This review focused on phenolic acids and extracts from medicinal plants and their effects on depressive symptoms, as well as the molecular interactions and pathways implicated in these effects. Results from preclinical trials indicate the potential of phenolic acids to reduce depressive-like behaviour by regulating factors associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and deregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, stimulating monoaminergic neurotransmission and neurogenesis, and modulating intestinal microbiota.

Aims: The objective was to determine the influence of the onion harvest time "Baia Periforme" on post-harvest quality of the bulbs during storage. Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three treatments, six replicates with two bulbs each. Place and Duration of Study: Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, between June 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: Seedlings, 20 days old, were transplanted into 20 cm spacing between rows and 10 cm between plants. The bulbs were harvested 120 days after transplanting with manual tipping of the pseudo-stem (T1), with 50 (T2) or 75% (T3) of the bulbs popped. The soluble sugars (SS), non-reducing sugars (NRS), reducing sugars (RS), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity of phenolic compounds and alinase activity was determined every 30 days for 90 days. Results: The content of SS, TSS, phenolic compounds and alinase activity increased in the onions of T2, resulting in more sweet and pungent bulbs due to the higher content of acidity and phenolic compounds. Conclusion: The post-harvest quality of onion bulbs "Baia Periforme" was maintained when they were harvested with 50% of bulbs popped.

This paper is a study about the pedagogical discourse present in the Almanaque da Família of 1947, which was configured as a product of a female press and guided readers to assume the model of what would be, at the time, a “modern woman”. From the theoretical contribution of Discourse Analysis, the objective is to investigate how the content of the publication produced certain meanings in relation to the woman of 1940s. We highlight the functioning of this discourse, observing the emphasis given to the central place of women at home, seen as a kind of essentially feminine mission. We use the discussion proposed by Orlandi (1994, 2006) about pedagogical discourse, taking it as an authoritarian discourse. In addition, the analysis focuses on the notion of discursive memory, seeking to understand how patriarchal ideology built, through effects of evidence, a socially legitimated female model. It is possible to realize that, according to the conditions of production that determined it, the Almanaque da Família produced a conservative female representation, anchored in the religious discourse that supported the social imaginary of the time. O trabalho é um estudo sobre o discurso pedagógico do Almanaque da Família de 1947, que se configurava como um produto da imprensa feminina e orientava as leitoras a assumirem o modelo do que seria, à época, uma “mulher moderna”. A partir do aporte teórico da Análise do Discurso, o objetivo é investigar como o conteúdo da publicação produziu determinados sentidos em relação à mulher da década de 1940. Destacam-se os modos de funcionamento desse discurso, observandose a ênfase dada ao lugar central da mulher no âmbito doméstico, visto como uma espécie de missão essencialmente feminina. Utiliza-se a discussão proposta por Orlandi (1994, 2006) em relação ao discurso pedagógico, tomado como um discurso de tipo autoritário. Além disso, a análise centra-se na noção de memória discursiva, buscando compreender como a ideologia patriarcal construiu, por meio de efeitos de evidência, um modelo feminino socialmente legitimado. A partir das análises, é possível perceber que, de acordo com as condições de produção que o determinavam, o Almanaque da Família ajudou a (re)produzir uma representação feminina conservadora, ancorada no discurso religioso que sustentava o imaginário social da época.

Advances in biotechnology research show the rising generation of a variety of products derived from microbial, plants and animal sources. These products are known as “bioproducts” or “natural products”. The preservation of the microbiological quality of foods without the use of chemical preservatives has become a challenge stimulating new researches on conservation alternatives. The aims of this study were the assessment of the the antibacterial activity of several bioactive compounds: essential oils of orange, lavender, green and red mandarins; ethanol extract of oregano and protein hydrolyzed from shrimp shell against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foods, and the comparison between two different methods used in the screening of natural products with potential antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activities of the natural compounds were determined using agar diffusions tests and bioautography methods. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined for the essential oils of orange and lavender, and the ethanolic oregano extract. The essential oils of orange and lavender and the ethanolic oregano extract showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested in the study. The agar disk diffusion and the bioautographic methods showed no significant difference in the evaluation of the biological activity of natural products.

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of selenium (Se) on locomotor activity and DNA damage in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by paraquat (PQ).Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (n = 12), Se group (n = 12), PQ group (n = 12), and Se + PQ group (n = 12). PQ was administered intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg). Se was offered in the drinking water at a concentration of 11.18 μg/L. Locomotor activity was evaluated weekly using the narrow beam test. The comet assay was performed to assess the level of DNA damage in leukocytes and in brain cells.As expected, increased DNA damage was found in the PQ group compared with the control and Se groups (P 0.001). Interestingly, coadministration of Se and PQ effectively prevented the harmful effects of the toxin in locomotor activity and at the molecular level, reducing bradykinesia (P 0.01) and DNA damage in leukocytes compared with the PQ-only group (P 0.001), whereas the levels of DNA damage were comparable to those found in the control and Se groups (P 0.05). Using the comet assay to analyze brain cells, no differences were found between the groups with regard to damage index (P = 0.774), damage frequency (P = 0.817), or non-detectable cell nuclei (P = 0.481).In this experimental model of PQ-induced PD, the use of Se could contribute to the maintenance of locomotor activity and the integrity of leukocytes DNA. No changes in the levels of DNA damage in brain cells were observed between the experimental groups.

Fatty acids have been shown to cause death of rat and human primary pancreatic beta cells and of insulin-producing cell lines. These studies focused mainly on saturated and monounsaturated FA such as palmitic, stearic and oleic acids. In this study, we have performed a comparison of the toxicity of a wider range of FA. The toxicity of different FA to insulin-producing RINm5F cells was assessed by flow cytometry measuring loss of plasma membrane integrity and increase in DNA fragmentation. Additionally, the FA induced neutral lipid accumulation and the FA composition were determined. Palmitic, linoleic, gamma-linolenic, oleic, stearic, and eicosapentaenoic acid caused DNA fragmentation of insulin-producing RINm5F cells. Loss of membrane integrity was mainly caused by linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid. There was no correlation between cytotoxicity and the abundance of the FA in the cells as determined by HPLC analysis. Taken as whole, the toxic effect of the FA on insulin-producing RINm5F cells varied irrespective of the chain length and the degree of unsaturation. In these cells PA and LA exhibited the highest toxicity, whereas AA was not toxic. In addition, the toxicity of most tested FA was inversely related to low NLA, except for AA and EPA. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the role of FA in the impairment of pancreatic beta cell function that occurs in type 2 diabetes and obesity.