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La utilización de microorganismos probióticos en el cultivo de camarón es cada vez más frecuente, luego una vez listos estos productos son destinados al consumo humano, por lo que sería de gran utilidad que las cepas sean beneficiosas a lo largo de la cadena alimentaria. El objetivo del presente trabajo es obtener cepas a partir de leche materna y evaluar su crecimiento en medios de cultivos para su posterior utilización en el cultivo de camarón. Las muestras fueron obtenidas en el banco de leche humana del Hospital Materno infantil de Camagüey. Los microorganismos fueron aislados en MRS e identificados por su unidad 16S. Las cepas fueron crecidas en MRS, MRS modificado y medio simple. Las cepas aisladas e identificadas pertenecen a las especies Lactobacillus fermentum y Lactobacillus arizonensis. Es el primer reporte de Lactobacillus arizonensis aislado a partir de leche materna. Teniendo en cuenta el crecimiento microbiano y el costo de los diferentes medios, el MRS modificado es el medio con mejores resultados para la producción de las cepas aisladas con vista a su utilización en el cultivo de camarón.

Knowing the genetic diversity and composition of stocks enable decisions on improving the genotypes of the populations, and their family structure, as well as the potential use of genomic selection. The present study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of stocks of Penaeus vannamei used by the shrimp industry in Cuba by means of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and growth-related performance traits. We evaluated a total of 310 individuals from six stocks using a panel of 159 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We analyzed the diversity and genetic structure of six commercial stocks. The pair-wise F st value estimation indicates a moderate to moderately large level of genetic differentiation among the stocks. The factorial correspondence analysis plots indicated that the six stocks show genetic distinctness. The genetic diversity measures indicate that the six stock populations contain moderate to moderately-high levels of genetic diversity. After ten years without new shrimp broodstock introductions into Cuba.

In this study we investigated if the exposure to phloroglucinol increases P. vannamei postlarvae resistance against abiotic stressors. FG showed toxicity from 10 μM after 24 hours exposure but when exposure duration was reduced to 2 hours no mortality was detected in concentrations up to 300 μM. FG administered acutely, in a single dose, appears to be ineffective to protect postlarvae against ammonia. On the contrary, when PG was administered chronically as seven sublethal treatments spaced in time, increased resistance to abiotic stressors was detected. However, after 10 days of recovery animals were still stressed and weight and ammonia resistance was lower in PG-treated animals (p salinity stress test (SST) was higher compared to control. After 20 days PG-treated animals had similar weight compared to control. Resistance to ammonia and SST was also higher in treated animals.

The knowledge and management of the populations genetic diversity allow decision-making on the family structure and genomic selection for the optimization of culture programs. Ammonium is a toxic compound for aquaculture species, causing gill damage and necrosis of internal organs. Also, ammonia depresses the immune system of shrimp, making them more vulnerable to disease. The present study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with desired ammonium tolerance and disease resistance traits, reported in the reviewed literature. We proceeded to take samples of shrimp pleopods from reproductive banks of Cuban shrimp lines. The genotyping of the samples was developed with the service of the Center for Aquaculture Technologies (CAT). SNPs related to resistance to diseases such as those related to hemocyanin and resistance to the WSSV virus were included in the search for candidate traits. Regarding the frequencies evaluated in the reference articles, the Cuban lines present low values, all below 0.5. The Cuban lines with the highest values of SNPs related to the candidate traits were lines 14 and 1. It is advisable to cross and select these lines with lines with greater genetic diversity in Cuban populations.

A key element for selective breeding programs is the characterization of genetic diversity and composition of stocks, as it will enable decisions on the genotype of the populations, inbreeding restrictions, family structure, and the potential use of genomic selection. After the EMS worldwide outbreaks, Cuban authorities decided to stop the introduction of new lines. Several generations without a renewal of the progenitors could trigger a reduction of productive traits. This study aimed to assess the growth-related traits performance of stocks of Penaeus vannamei, used in Cuba for the shrimp industry. The growth-related traits data records used for comparison of different stocks with genetic diversity was analyzed in this study were: Harvest Weight (g), Specific growth rate (g), survival (%), yield (kg/ha/harvest), Feed conversion efficiency and Culture duration (days). The comparison of some growth-related traits from different stocks with genetic diversity was analyzed in this study show that stock 24 has the highest survival 80.9±12.0 % and Yield 1505.0±472.1 kg/ha/harvest, it has the lowest weight 12.1±1.4 g at the moment of harvest, these traits show significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) among the four the others stocks studied. On the other hand, stock 145 has the lowest survival 66.7±15.3 % rate with significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) among the others four stocks studied. The stock 1 has the highest Feed conversion efficiency 2.2 ±0.6, but only have significant differences with stocks14 y 145. However, after comparing the zootechnical parameters of the current populations, no significant differences were found between these and the zootechnical parameters after the last introduction of P. vannamei lines in Cuba.

The aim of this study was to evaluate phage display technology for mapping Haemonchus contortus mimotopes. We screened the PhD-7 Phage Display Peptide Library Kit with a sheep polyclonal antibody against H. contortus. After four rounds of selection, 50 phage peptide clones were selected by biopanning and sequenced. Two clones displaying peptide mimotopes of H. contortus proteins were chosen for sheep immunization: clone 6 - mimotope of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and clone 17 - mimotope of a disorganized muscle family member (Dim 1). Twelve sheep were allocated into 3 groups of 4 animals as follow: G1: control group; G2/GAPDH: immunized with clone 6; and G3/Dim1: immunized with clone 17. Four immunizations were performed at intervals of seven days (0, 7, 14, and 21 days). On day 28 post initial vaccination, all groups were orally challenged with 2500 H. contortus infective larvae. The mimotope peptides selected by phage display were recognized by IgG from sheep naturaly infected with H. contortus. The immunization protocol showed an increasein IgG anti-M13 phage titers, but no effect was observed in IgG-specific for the anti-mimotope peptides. This is the first report of successful use of a phage display library for the identification of mimotopes of H. contortus proteins. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a tecnologia de phage display no mapeamento de mimetopos de Haemonchus contortus. Anticorpo policlonal de ovinos anti-H. contortus foi usado para seleção a partir da biblioteca PhD-7 Phage Display Peptide Library Kit (New England BioLabs). Após quatro rodadas, 50 clones de fagos expressando peptídeos foram selecionados e sequenciados. Dois clones que exibiram mimetopos de H. contortus foram escolhidos para imunização de ovinos: clone 6 – mimetopo de gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase (GAPDH) e clone 17 - mimetopo da família do músculo desorganizado (Dim 1). Doze ovinos foram alocados em 3 grupos de 4 animais, da seguinte forma: G1: grupo controle, G2/GAPDH: imunizado com o clone 6 e G3/Dim1: imunizado com o clone 17. Quatro imunizações foram realizadas (0, 7, 14 e 21 dias). No dia 28 após a primeira imunização, todos os grupos foram desafiados oralmente com 2500 larvas infectantes de H. contortus . Os peptídeos mimetopos selecionados foram reconhecidos por IgG de ovinos naturalmente infectados por H. contortus. O ensaio de imunização revelou um aument dos títulos de IgG anti-fago M13, mas não ocorreu aumento de IgG anti-peptídeos mimetopos. Este é o primeiro relato de uso bem sucedido da biblioteca de Phage display para a identificação de mimetopos de H. contortus.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintic used in an equine ranch in Cuba. The faecal egg count reduction test of Strongyles (FECRT) was used to evaluate albendazole and ivermectin. Thirty-three horses were selected (18 treated with albendazole, 15 treated with ivermectin). The egg count reduction for albendazole was 38% for micronized albendazole and 33% for albendazole sulfoxide. Ivermectin effectiveness was 100%. Subsequently, four horses that showed high counts of eggs after the albendazole treatment were treated with ivermectin on day 17 after the initial deworming to collect resistant nematodes in the faeces. These nematodes were morphologically identified. It was possible to identified 493 specimens: Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus goldi and Cylicostephanus minutus which represented 78.5, 7.7, 6.5, 3.9 and 3.4% respectively. This has been the first report for Cylicostephanus minutus in equines in Cuba. It is concluded that at least five of species of cyathostomes were resistant to albendazole., Con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia antihelmíntica de las presentaciones empleadas en los equinos de un rancho cubano, se realizó un test de reducción del recuento fecal de huevos de estróngilos (TRCFH) frente al albendazol y a la ivermectina, administrados vía oral. Se seleccionaron 33 equinos (albendazol 18; ivermectina 15). La reducción del conteo de huevos frente al albendazol varió entre 38% para el albendazol micronizado y 33% para el albendazol sulfóxido. La eficacia de la ivermectina fue del 100%. Posteriormente, a cuatro equinos con altos recuentos de huevos de los grupos tratados con albendazol se les hizo una segunda desparasitación con ivermectina en el día 17 posterior a la dosificación inicial para colectar los nematodos resistentes al benzimidazol en las heces. Estos nematodos fueron identificados morfológicamente. Del total de nematodos colectados, se identificaron 493 pertenecientes a las especies Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus goldi y Cylicostephanus minutus, las cuales representaron el 78.5, 7.7, 6.5, 3.9 y 3.4%, respectivamente. Este fue el primero reporte de C. minutus en equinos de Cuba. Se concluye que al menos cinco de las especies de ciatostomas fueron resistentes al albendazol.