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Los plaguicidas han sido utilizados en todo el mundo desde mediados del siglo XX, en campañas de Salud Pública y en prácticas agrícolas. Los Plaguicidas Organoclorados (POCs) presentan mayor impacto sobre el ambiente porque no son biodegradables, son lipofílicos, tienen gran movilidad por todo el planeta y gran tendencia a la bioacumulación, através de la cadena trófica. Con el objetivo de identificar y cuantificar plaguicidas organoclorados en leche entera pasteurizada de dos marcas (A y B), que se comercializan en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, se realizó la presente investigación, utilizando Microextracción en Fase Sólida en Espacio de Cabeza y Cromatografía de Gases con Detector de Captura de Electrones (HS-SPME-GC/ECD). Fueron analizadas 36 muestras (n=36), 18 de cada marca. El 100% de las muestras (n=36) resultaron positivas para el plaguicida lindano (γ-HCH), superando el Límite Máximo Residual (LMR) de 0,01 mg/kg, establecido por la Food and Agriculture Organization y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (FAO/OMS). Las concentraciones promedio de lindano obtenidas para la marca A fueron de 0,042 mg/kg ± 0,003 y 0,062 ± 0,0016 mg/kg (base grasa) para la marca B, no superando la Ingesta Diaria Admisible (IDA) de 0,001 mg/kg de peso corporal.Os pesticidas têm sido usados em todo o mundo desde meados do século XX, as campanhas de saúde pública e práticas agrícolas. Os inseticidas organoclorados (AP) têm maior impacto sobre o meio ambiente porque não são biodegradáveis, são lipofílicas, têm grande mobilidade ao redor do mundo e maior tendencia para a bioacumulação através da cadeia alimentar. A fim de identificar e quantificar pesticidas organoclorados em leite integral, duas marcas (A e B), comercializada na cidade de Cartagena das Índias, a presente investigação foi realizada por cromatografia em Fase Sólida, Microextração Headspace Gás com Detector de Captura de Elétrons(HS-SPME-GC/ECD). 36 amostras foram analisadas (n = 36), 18 de cada marca. 100% das amostras (n = 36) foram positivas para o pesticida lindano (γ-HCH), ultrapassando o limite máximo residual (LMR) de 0,01 mg/kg, definido pela Organização para a Alimentação e Agricultura eo Mundo Organização Mundial da Saúde (FA0 / OMS). As concentrações médias obtidas para o tipo A foi de 0,042 mg/kg± 0,003 e 0,062 ± 0,0016 mg / kg B (gordura) Base para a marca, não superior a Ingestão Diaria Aceitável (IDA) de 0,001 mg/kg de peso corporal.Pesticides have been used worldwide since the mid-twentieth century, public health campaigns and agricultural practices. Organochlorine pesticides (POCs) have greater impact on the environment because they are not biodegradable, are lipophilic, have great mobility around the globe and greater tendency to bioaccumulate through the food chain. In order to identify and quantify organochlorine pesticides in pasteurized whole milk, two brands (A and B), sold in the city of Cartagena de Indias, the present investigation was carried out using Solid Phase Microextraction Headspace Chromatography Gas with Electron Capture Detector(HS-SPME-GC/ECD). 36 samples were analyzed (n = 36), 18 from each brand. 100% of the samples (n = 36) were positive for the pesticide lindane (γ-HCH), exceeding the Maximum Residual Limit (MRL) of 0.01 mg / kg, set by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). The average concentrations obtained for brand A were of 0.042 mg/ kg ± 0.003and0.062 ± 0.0016mg/kg (fatbasis) for brand B, notexceeding the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.001 mg / kg body weight.

Objective. In this study the biomass of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to remove lead, mercury and nickel in the form of ions dissolved in water. Materials and methods. Synthetic solutions were prepared containing the three heavy metals, which were put in contact with viable microorganisms at different conditions of pH, temperature, aeration and agitation. Results. Both individual variables and the interaction effects influenced the biosorption process. Throughout the experimental framework it was observed that the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae removed a higher percentage of lead (86.4%) as compared to mercury and nickel (69.7 and 47.8% respectively). When the pH was set at a value of 5 the effect was positive for all three metals. Conclusions. pH was the variable that had a greater influence on the biosorption of lead on the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The affinity of the heavy metals for the biomass followed the order Pb>Hg>Ni. Objetivos. En este estudio se utilizó la biomasa de la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae para retener plomo, mercurio y níquel en forma de iones disueltos en agua. Materiales y métodos. Se prepararon soluciones sintéticas que contenían los tres metales pesados, las cuales se pusieron en contacto con el microorganismo en forma viable a diferentes condiciones de pH, temperatura, aireación y agitación. Resultados. Tanto las variables individuales como los efectos de interacción influyeron sobre el proceso de biosorción. A través de todos los experimentos, se observó que la biomasa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae eliminó un mayor porcentaje de plomo (86.4%) en comparación al mercurio y al níquel (69.7 y 47.8% respectivamente). Cuando el pH se fijó en valor de 5, el efecto fue positivo para los tres metales. Conclusiones. El pH fue la variable que tuvo una mayor influencia en la biosorción de plomo sobre la biomasa de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. La afinidad de los metales pesados por la biomasa siguió el orden Pb>Hg>Ni.

Los plaguicidas han sido utilizados en todo el mundo desde mediados del siglo XX, en campañas de Salud Pública y en prácticas agrícolas. Los Plaguicidas Organoclorados (POCs) presentan mayor impacto sobre el ambiente porque no son biodegradables, son lipofílicos, tienen gran movilidad por todo el planeta y gran tendencia a la bioacumulación, através de la cadena trófica. Con el objetivo de identificar y cuantificar plaguicidas organoclorados en leche entera pasteurizada de dos marcas (A y B), que se comercializan en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, se realizó la presente investigación, utilizando Microextracción en Fase Sólida en Espacio de Cabeza y Cromatografía de Gases con Detector de Captura de Electrones (HS-SPME-GC/ECD). Fueron analizadas 36 muestras (n=36), 18 de cada marca. El 100% de las muestras (n=36) resultaron positivas para el plaguicida lindano (γ-HCH), superando el Límite Máximo Residual (LMR) de 0,01 mg/kg, establecido por la Food and Agriculture Organization y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (FAO/OMS). Las concentraciones promedio de lindano obtenidas para la marca A fueron de 0,042 mg/kg ± 0,003 y 0,062 ± 0,0016 mg/kg (base grasa) para la marca B, no superando la Ingesta Diaria Admisible (IDA) de 0,001 mg/kg de peso corporal. Pesticides have been used worldwide since the mid-twentieth century, public health campaigns and agricultural practices. Organochlorine pesticides (POCs) have greater impact on the environment because they are not biodegradable, are lipophilic, have great mobility around the globe and greater tendency to bioaccumulate through the food chain. In order to identify and quantify organochlorine pesticides in pasteurized whole milk, two brands (A and B), sold in the city of Cartagena de Indias, the present investigation was carried out using Solid Phase Microextraction Headspace Chromatography Gas with Electron Capture Detector(HS-SPME-GC/ECD). 36 samples were analyzed (n = 36), 18 from each brand. 100% of the samples (n = 36) were positive for the pesticide lindane (γ-HCH), exceeding the Maximum Residual Limit (MRL) of 0.01 mg / kg, set by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). The average concentrations obtained for brand A were of 0.042 mg/ kg ± 0.003and0.062 ± 0.0016mg/kg (fatbasis) for brand B, notexceeding the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.001 mg / kg body weight. Os pesticidas têm sido usados em todo o mundo desde meados do século XX, as campanhas de saúde pública e práticas agrícolas. Os inseticidas organoclorados (AP) têm maior impacto sobre o meio ambiente porque não são biodegradáveis, são lipofílicas, têm grande mobilidade ao redor do mundo e maior tendencia para a bioacumulação através da cadeia alimentar. A fim de identificar e quantificar pesticidas organoclorados em leite integral, duas marcas (A e B), comercializada na cidade de Cartagena das Índias, a presente investigação foi realizada por cromatografia em Fase Sólida, Microextração Headspace Gás com Detector de Captura de Elétrons(HS-SPME-GC/ECD). 36 amostras foram analisadas (n = 36), 18 de cada marca. 100% das amostras (n = 36) foram positivas para o pesticida lindano (γ-HCH), ultrapassando o limite máximo residual (LMR) de 0,01 mg/kg, definido pela Organização para a Alimentação e Agricultura eo Mundo Organização Mundial da Saúde (FA0 / OMS). As concentrações médias obtidas para o tipo A foi de 0,042 mg/kg± 0,003 e 0,062 ± 0,0016 mg / kg B (gordura) Base para a marca, não superior a Ingestão Diaria Aceitável (IDA) de 0,001 mg/kg de peso corporal.

Objective. In this study the biomass of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to remove lead, mercury and nickel in the form of ions dissolved in water. Materials and methods. Synthetic solutions were prepared containing the three heavy metals, which were put in contact with viable microorganisms at different conditions of pH, temperature, aeration and agitation. Results. Both individual variables and the interaction effects influenced the biosorption process. Throughout the experimental framework it was observed that the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae removed a higher percentage of lead (86.4%) as compared to mercury and nickel (69.7 and 47.8% respectively). When the pH was set at a value of 5 the effect was positive for all three metals. Conclusions. pH was the variable that had a greater influence on the biosorption of lead on the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The affinity of the heavy metals for the biomass followed the order Pb>Hg>Ni.

Background COVID-19 is associated with a wide range of skin manifestations. Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19-associated skin manifestations, and explore the relationships between the six main cutaneous phenotypes and systemic findings. Methods Twenty-one Italian Dermatology Units were asked to collect the demographic, clinical and histopathological data of 200 patients with COVID-19-associated skin manifestations. The severity of COVID-19 was classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe. Results A chilblain-like acral pattern significantly associated with a younger age (p, There are six main COVID-19-related cutaneous phenotypes, but only the chilblain-like acral pattern significantly associated with younger age. After adjusting for patient age, there was no spectrum of COVID-19 severity in relation to cutaneous phenotypes, although the longer-lasting chilblain-like acral pattern significantly associated with milder disease.

Existe para su consulta material suplementario aportado por el editor. Undernutrition during pregnancy has been associated to increased vulnerability to develop metabolic and behavior alterations later in life. The endocannabinoid system might play an important role in these processes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a moderate maternal calorie-restricted diet on the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid (AA) and the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in the brain of newborn rat offspring. We focused on brain structures involved in metabolism, feeding behavior, as well as emotional and cognitive responses. Female Wistar rats were assigned during the entire pregnancy to either control diet (C) or restriction diet (R), consisting of a 20% calorie-restricted diet. Weight gain and caloric intake of rat dams were monitored and birth outcomes were assessed. 2-AG, AA and NAE levels were measured in hypothalamus, hippocampus and olfactory bulb of the offspring. R dams displayed lower gain weight from the middle pregnancy and consumed less calories during the entire pregnancy. Offspring from R dams were underweight at birth, but litter size was unaffected. In hypothalamus, R male offspring displayed decreased levels of AA and OEA, with no change in the levels of the endocannabinoids 2-AG and AEA. R female exhibited decreased 2-AG and PEA levels. The opposite was found in the hippocampus, where R male displayed increased 2-AG and AA levels, and R female exhibited elevated levels of AEA, AA and PEA. In the olfactory bulb, only R female presented decreased levels of AEA, AA and PEA. Therefore, a moderate diet restriction during the entire pregnancy alters differentially the endocannabinoids and/or endocannabinoid-related lipids in hypothalamus and hippocampus of the underweight offspring, similarly in both sexes, whereas sex-specific alterations occur in the olfactory bulb. Consequently, endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-related lipid signaling alterations might be involved in the long-term and sexual dimorphism effects commonly observed after undernutrition and low birth weight. Yes

Journal Article; Recent studies have linked gestational exposure to highly caloric diets with a disrupted endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). In the present study, we have extended these studies by analyzing the impact of the exposure to a palatable diet during gestation and lactation on a) the adult expression of endocannabinoid-related behaviors, b) the metabolic profile of adult offspring and c) the mRNA expression of the signaling machinery of the ECS in the hypothalamus, the liver and the adipose tissue of adult offspring of both sexes. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in a) sex-dimorphic and perinatal diet specific feeding behaviors, including the differential response to the inhibitory effects of the cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist AM251, b) features of metabolic syndrome including increased adiposity, hyperleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and c) tissue and sex-specific changes in the expression of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and in that of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes FAAH and MAGL, being the adipose tissue the most affected organ analyzed. Since the effects were observed in adult animals that were weaned while consuming a normal diet, the present results indicate that the ECS is one of the targets of maternal programming of the offspring energy expenditure. These results clearly indicate that the maternal diet has long-term effects on the development of pups through multiple alterations of signaling homeostatic pathways that include the ECS. The potential relevance of these alterations for the current obesity epidemic is discussed. Yes