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Beyond having an impression on identity, architecture and buildings share a symbiotic relationship in form of providing shelter to the human body. This thesis explores enhancing social fabric through the exploration of the interwoven symbiotic tectonics of the community's culture, their identity and architecture; guided by the understanding of emplaced embodied care. The thesis is formulated as architectural investigations dedicated to exploring roles of architecture in nurturing, sheltering, and reflecting the identity of the communities. Thus, the approach is to challenge how buildings combine the community's customs, traditions and needs with architectural work; leading to the argument that, such initiatives have the common purpose of encouraging the community to have an impact on their built environment and the society and ultimately enhancing social fabric. Even though a synthesis of theory, context, brief and technology this dissertation will expand on the field of architecture through critical reinterpretation of the community's culture and rituals to reimagine an appropriate platform that exhibit the concepts of constructed imagery, personal environment, and social communication in the form of a Iziko Community Life Centre dedicated for Abstract “We are our choices.” This interpretation of the famous saying by the 20th-century existentialist and philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre when he claimed that “existence precedes essence” (Sartre, 38) is one of the often discussed positions towards definition of being. This leads to an understanding that the impression of who we are is defined by the choices that we make daily; these conscious and subconscious choices have an impression on our personality, perceptions, lifestyle, and feelings, conceiving what we can transcend. Mostly our identity is perceived through how we look like and where we come from, commonly through the way we look and live. Sustainable Building Technologies in disaster relief and emergency response in the disaster prone informal community of Imizamo Yethu, Cape Town I am passionate about people, especially those in communities. I believe there is a need to attend to strong social needs with very practical and noncomplex architectural solutions. This thesis presents a platform where I will able to build on my interest in the continued debate on how to make urban environments more equitable and inclusive through the adaptation and reimagination of both public and private spaces. This also aligns with my further personal focus which involves exploring strategies to implementing realistic and progressive solutions to the challenges of environmental and social sustainability and building technologies. I feel the need to practice in authentic, inclusive architecture to assist to upgrade and integrate existing communities while protecting and preserving their identities and culture. My focus is to navigate the complex structures set up in these communities with ultimately focusing in community architecture and the impact it has on the daily living of the general population of South Africa.

Alkali (Li/Na/K) metal anodes (AMAs), because of their remarkably high energy density and low redox potential, are considered as the most promising anodes for next-generation high-energy battery systems. Nevertheless, high reactivity and uncontrollable volume change of metal anodes during plating/striping inevitably generate dendritic metal and unstable solid electrolyte interphase, inducing low Coulombic efficiency, inferior cycling stability and even safety issues. Architecture design is emerged as an effective approach to address these fatal issues and plenty of attempts have been conducted so far. Instead of simply summarizing the structure-designing strategies to modify AMAs, the review is dedicated to overviewing and categorizing the strategies of architecture design towards the challenges of AMAs by their fundamental design principles from the perspective of electrochemical reaction. Besides, the similarities and differences of three types of alkali metals, in terms of mechanical and chemical properties, have been systematically discussed. Finally, we overviewed the existing challenges, perspectives on further development direction, and outlook for practical applications for AMAs.

Neuromorphic Architectures (NA) is hardware network systems which, designed on the principles of neural functions. The network systems are inspired from biological neural networks. Each node or neuron in the artificial Neural networks (ANN) are connected to each other using a synapse. Similar to the biological brains, the connection will be controlled with the amplitude of the connection between nodes, which termed as synaptic weights. Unlike in the conventional architecture, in ANNs consists of huge quantity of extremely organized dealing out elements operational in union to resolve the real world problems. NA is considered as the main soft-computing knowledge and has been widely researched. It is applied during last decades for the computational model. This paper basically focuses on the NA and neural networks and implementation. Neural network and machine learning algorithms are used by data classification in NA. This data will be provided a number of of the modern advancement, including super-computer, and single device implementations, approaches dependent on spiking and non-spiking neuron. Machine learning hardware devices are used to utilization of memristive device.

With the current international shortage of speech-language pathologists (SLPs), there is a demand for online tools to support SLPs with their daily tasks. For this purpose, several online speech therapy systems (OSTSs) have been proposed and discussed in the literature. However, developing these OSTSs is not trivial since it involves the consideration of various functional and quality concerns. Hence, for communicating the design decisions and guiding the development and analysis of these systems, a proper architecture design is important. Unfortunately, the architecture design of OSTSs has not been explicitly addressed in the literature. To this end, we present a reference architecture for OSTSs which has been designed following well-established architecture design methods. The reference architecture captures the reusable design elements of OSTSs and can be used to derive various different application architectures. A case study approach is used to illustrate and validate the use of the presented reference architecture.

Internet of Things (IoT) devices facilitate intelligent service delivery in a broad range of settings, such as smart offices, homes and cities. However, the existing IoT access control solutions are mainly based on conventional identity management schemes and use centralized architectures. There are known security and privacy limitations with such schemes and architectures, such as the single-point failure or surveillance (e.g., device tracking). Hence, in this paper, we present an architecture for capability-based IoT access control utilizing the blockchain and decentralized identifiers to manage the identity and access control for IoT devices. Then, we propose a protocol to provide a systematic view of system interactions, to improve security. We also implement a proof-of-concept prototype of the proposed approach and evaluate the prototype using a real-world use case. Our evaluation results show that the proposed solution is feasible, secure, and scalable.

Both seating arrangement and position have been one the problematic topic in educational studies, particularly in higher education. There is a large body of studies on the seating arrangement; however, an architectural design studio is specialized in different activities and interaction that challenges the classical form of arrangement. For this reason, the students arrange, rearrange, and disarrange the seating arrangement and position in the studio. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the viewpoints of the students with seating arrangement positions to find out the students’ preferences to select seating positions. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to analyze data. The Likert questionnaire with fifteen criteria analyzed variables through chi-square, mode, and the graphical analysis illustrated important aspects of the seating arrangements in the department of architecture, the University of Rwanda. The findings addressed that students preferred to use a U-shaped classroom and studio and five statistical criteria supported the association between the viewpoint of students and seating arrangement including the trend to personalize the position, to teamwork activity, to sit close lecturers, to enhance their position. Although other criteria statistically did not associate with the seating arrangement, the cross-tabulation table address that the rear seats in the studio were more preferable for students due to the visual corridor to the front, monitoring, and eye contact.

Providing indoor thermal comfort is one of the most significant factors in architecture that it is observed in traditional buildings all around the world, which shows climate-responsive design methods. Bioclimatic architecture design strategies as a sustainable approach, provide indoor comfort for occupants, use renewable energy resources. The goal of this research is to evaluate the harmony of traditional buildings with scientific bioclimatic strategies in a cold climate. So it focuses on the fourteen old houses in the cold climate of Tabriz in Iran, as research cases. As a research method, the local climate data sets were analyzed based on the Olgyay and Givoni bioclimatic charts as well as Mahoney tables and ASHRAE standard 55, to identify the bioclimatic techniques that were applied to environmental performance in each case house. As result, all data sets were integrated to propose twelve bioclimatic design strategies for residential buildings, to provide indoor thermal comfort. Finally, the conclusion shows that the proposed strategies can be generalized to all traditional cases, where located in cold climates with similar environmental conditions. In fact, the results of the study have shown that houses more than 200 years old, are in line with the bioclimatic strategies of contemporary models and meet the comfort conditions of today’s residents.

In Yerevan, as well as in a number of other Armenian cities, gardens were designed and constructed mainly during the Soviet era, and most of them were transformed, distorted and devastated in the first decade of the period of independence. In the last decade, a unique number of gardens/parks have been built or reconstructed in Yerevan. The city of Yerevan needs this kind of investigation. To observe and analyse the current state of gardens and parks, architectural and design structures as well as compositional design issues and problems concerning Yerevan’s gardens and parks can be the first study in the Armenian history of design and architecture We still do not have any information about similar research efforts in the given sphere carried out in the countries neighbouring Armenia and other foreign countries. This article presents the right process of modernization and/or construction of gardens/parks based on the study of the best models envisions and requires application and implementation of different tools of compositional design and modification not only in the design proper of gardens/parks, but also in the external design and aesthetic nuances of the adjacent surrounding, leaving any compositional design setup unchanged.

O artigo apresenta uma experiência pedagógica desenvolvida na disciplina de Projeto de Arquitetura I, 2019/2, no curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria no campus de Cachoeira do Sul. Busca-se discutir os resultados alcançados no âmbito do processo de projeto, a partir da experimentação de uma metodologia que utiliza a maquete física como instrumento projetual. Essa ferramenta é a base da investigação espacial, compositiva e volumétrica, funcionando como um esboço tridimensional. Os modelos físicos colocam-se como partes fundamentais no processo de cognição, agindo como facilitadores no processo criativo e na análise formal. Sua utilização enriquece o diálogo e reafirma o ateliê como um espaço de debate, troca de informações e experiências.

The complexity of business and information systems (IS) alignment is a growing concern for researchers and practitioners alike. The extant research on alignment architecture fails to consider the human viewpoint, which makes it difficult to embrace emergent complexity. This paper contributes to the extant literature in the following ways. First, we combine an enterprise architecture (EA) framework with a human viewpoint to address alignment issues in the architecture design phase; second, we describe a dynamic alignment model by developing a human-centered meta-model that explains first- and second-order changes and their effects on alignment evolution. This paper provides better support for the theoretical research and the practical application of dynamic alignment.

Working in Architecture design studios environment requires various activities. Interaction, communication and meetings could affect the speech intelligibility and the speech privacy conditions. Students Areas with a more silent environment are needed with a minimized level of distraction from surrounding activities, while teamwork and discussion areas with a high level of interaction need a good speech intelligibility. One of the more important elements which can improve the open spaces acoustical conditions is the partitions between workstations.The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the acoustical performance of four partitions types in open plan offices; 1.10m two sides partition height, 1,50m front side partitions, 1,50m one side partitions and 1.50 two sides partitions. This Study was conducted in the College of Architecture, Imam Abdulrhman Bin Faisal University, KSA. Based on ISO 3382-3, Speech Transmission Index, STI in the nearest workstation, Distraction distance rD, privacy distance rP, A-weighted background noise level L,A,B and A-weighted SPL of speech at 4 metres L,A,S,4m have been measured. It was found that the best results can be obtained by 1.50m front side and 1.50m two sides partitions.

A high‐performance energy storage device plays an important role in controlling carbon emissions. The emerging additive manufacturing techniques bring a great revolution of electrode fabrication process and promote the performance of energy storage devices through the advanced electrode architecture design. In this paper, recent studies on the three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed electrode with advanced architecture have been mainly reviewed, including interdigitated structure, through‐thickness aligned structure, hierarchical porous structure and fiber and fibric structure of electrodes, and expectations for the development of novel advanced electrode architecture generated and optimized by computational simulation and machine learning. The strategy of advanced electrode architecture design and fabrication enabled by the 3D printing technique represents a promising direction toward future energy storage devices with high electrochemical and mechanical performance.

The paper focuses on characterizing a current design trend —sometimes called neo-craftsmanship— that uses manual processes to create unique objects. About a century ago, pioneers of modern architecture and design pushed their primary trend towards prototypes definition in their massive industrial —mechanical and serial— production. Nowadays, an opposite impulse can be identified looking for monotypes definition —single products or from limited series—, with high manual intervention and capable of being customized to assume the individuality of each user. On one side, creative strategies used by mo-dernist designers founded their design process on objective criteria: rational, functional or economic. Nevertheless, in this other case, designers prefer subjective criteria based on expressiveness, significant forms, chance or casual associations. In some way, this trend supposes a return to the art and industry debate between crafts and design that presided over the genesis of the modern movement. It is possible to find this trend not only in post-industrial societies but also in those in their process of industrialization, where it appears as a differentiated alternative. In this last case, design methodologies or strategies are applied to push an economic development best based on sustainable exploitation of local resources or applying traditional productive techniques, skills or capacities. Finally, the paper identifies and proposes study cases as representative examples in product design and architectural activities to illustrate this trend. Some of them can also be connected to design strategies aligned with environmental sustainability positions: reuse, reduction and recycling of materials and products; preference for low-polluting industrial processes; water and energy saving; life cycle management; local production and consumption; and so on.

Learning quality can be improved by utilizing technology and digital media in teaching and learning. Based on a survey conducted in 2021 at 33 elementary schools in Madiun City, most teachers still use WhatsApp Group media in delivering material. However, schools with good technological facilities can better understand technology for teachers and students. This research is downstream from previous research that recommended the development of LMS-based e-learning in elementary schools in Madiun City. The importance of good management in documenting the teaching and learning process can be used as monitoring and evaluation material to improve the quality of learning. Data collection in this study was carried out by direct observation at SDN 01 and SDN 03 Manisrejo Madiun City, as well as surveys conducted at 33 elementary schools in the Madiun City Education Office. The results of this research are internal and external condition analysis, business process analysis, Data, and Information architecture design, application architecture design, technology architecture design, and people architecture design which can be used as Pecel-AE application development framework documents.

This study aimed to describe the shape and meaning of the architectural design of the Buton house both from an emic and ethical perspective. The focus of the problem was: (1). What was the shape and pattern of the house layout of the Butonese people? (2). What was the meaning of the traditional house architecture of the Butonese people? The data were obtained through a series of interviews, non-participant observation, and document review. All data were analyzed through some stages: formulation of questions, making descriptive narratives, data reduction, application, and interpretation, then concluding. Based on an analysis of the research problem, the following conclusions were obtained: (1). The shape of the Buton house had an aesthetic meaning related to belief or the dimension of religiosity, in this case, Islam; (2). The patron or pattern of the Butonese house building had become part of their system of thinking, so that eventually it became something standards, such as the standard of spatial structure, shape, structure, and ornamentation. In subsequent developments, there appeared to be an internal effort by the Butonese to provide a new perspective on the meaning of the Buton house, leading to interpretations oriented to Islamic values. The form of houses on stilts as depicted in malige and kamali by the local community was interpreted as a replica of a Muslim performing the prayer ritual. The model of a tiled roof was analogous to the composition or position when he was praying, where the place of the right hand was above the left hand. Whereas in the perspective of political power, the tiled roof was a symbol of political and religious unity. Pineapple ornaments played a role as a symbol of monotheism. This symbol also is a manifestation of the religious ethics Butonese, who always direct their life to the values ​​of monotheism.

The utilization of engineering and configuration designs affect the quality credits of a framework, and the use of examples rely upon plan settings. There are unpredictable reliant connections between them. In this examination, we investigate how engineers use to design and configuration designs regarding quality credits concerns and plan settings. We extricated design-related posts from Stack Overflow and broke down the engineering conversations. Our examination uncovers what settings and quality ascribe engineers consider when utilizing design examples, and we have recognized new and already obscure connections between these plan components. These discoveries can improve engineers' information when they plan with design designs, quality ascribes, and plan settings.

Purpose Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) aid in perceiving spaces by providing a platform for all stakeholders to make better decisions at early design stages. Nevertheless, they are not widely used in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. This paper aims to illustrate the impact of level of details (LODs) in participants’ perception for architecture design alternatives in IVEs. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an approach to estimate how distance perception varies between real and virtual environments when different design alternatives are implemented. First, a fully three-dimensional (3D) model for a replica meeting room was created and the level of details (LODs) inside the IVE was gradually modified. Second, a questionnaire was designed to collect responses about how the perceived experience of an IVE is compared to that of the physical environment, where the two environments have the same dimensions. Twenty-six participants were recruited in this study to estimate eight distances in the IVEs while putting on a head-mounted display. Findings Obtained results show that decreasing LOD has negative effect on users’ perception. Thus, when all of the available LODs were added to the IVE, the perceived perception was significantly enhanced. These findings emphasize the relation between the physical details and distance perception in IVEs and shed light on how to design virtual reality architectural models in an efficient manner. Originality/value Different experiments were conducted to analyze perception differences associated with factors such as LODs, gender and whether participants are wearing glasses.

The ubiquitous power Internet of Things (UPIoT) is an intelligent service system with comprehensive state perception, efficient processing, and flexible application of information. It focuses on each link of the power system and makes full use of the mobile internet, artificial intelligence, and other advanced information and communication technologies in order to realize the inter-human interaction of all things in all links of the power system. This article systematically presents to the national and international organizations and agencies in charge of UPIoT layer standardization the status quo of the research on the Internet of Things (IoT)-related industry standards system. It briefly describes the generic standard classification methods, layered architecture, conceptual model, and system tables in the UPIoT application layer. Based on the principles of inheritance, innovation, and practicability, this study divides the application layer into customer service, power grid operation, integrated energy, and enterprise operation, emerging business and analyzes the standard requirements of these five fields. This study also proposes a standard plan. Finally, it summarizes the research report and provides suggestions for a follow-up work.

Lunar habitat design is a complex endeavor characterized by complicated task-composition, numerous internal iterations, and intense task-coupling. The design process of assembled building in terrestrial construction and the system composition of lunar habitats have been constructed. However, there is insufficient experience to fully understand lunar habitat design missions and likewise there is insufficient coordination between architects and various disciplines. The task flow for sequencing optimization can be determined using a design structure matrix (DSM), which is widely used in engineering. The DSM can reveal necessary interfaces within the lunar habitat system as per relevant interface variables and processes. By decomposing the lunar habitat design process, an initial activity-based DSM is established in the present study. Informational interactions between each design task and its respective intensity are statistically investigated to clarify them across the four dimensions of energy, space, materials, and information. A sequencing algorithm is applied to optimize the design process. Finally, 20 design tasks of lunar habitat design are clarified among four phases: Pre-planning, spatial design, environmental design, and optimization. Related disciplines should coordinate in the design process according to the optimization results, and use the optimized task coupling relationship to build the requirement model and design model in an orderly manner to improve the design efficiency.

This letter investigates the hybrid beamforming architecture design for MIMO network, where the connection between each antenna and each radio frequency chain is controlled by a switch. The optimization of the switch‐controlled connection state vector is studied for maximizing the energy efficiency of the system. The problem of connection‐state vector design is transformed into a single‐variable optimization problem, and the optimal hybrid beamforming architecture is derived. Numerical examples validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

The article discusses the issues of in-depth mastering of professional and special terms through bilingualism and the creation of a dictionary of professional terms in several languages, at the same time to improve the competence and competitiveness in the training of specialists in the field of architecture, design and urban planning.

With the development in the field of quantum physics, several methods for building a quantum computer have emerged. These differ in qubit technologies, interaction topologies, and noise characteristics. In this article, insights are given into the circuit‐centric architecture design of Noisy Intermediate‐Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. The dependence of the circuit size, circuit depth on the interaction and connection between different qubits present in quantum hardware are discussed. A noise‐aware procedure is presented which helps in determining the optimal interactions between different qubits of a quantum chip to execute a given circuit in the most efficient way possible. In this article, the 5‐qubit hardware in a noiseless setting is illustrated with an example. Also, a benchmark‐driven analysis is performed to show the importance of noise adaptivity in determining the hardware reliability. It is concluded that a generalized and flexible procedure such as this approach can aid in determining the design of hardware accurately for which the circuit runs efficiently, that is, with the least number of clock cycles, the lowest gate operations, and noise‐based errors.

This research mainly discusses the characteristics of BIM architecture design and its application in traditional residential design from the perspective of smart cities. Given the topics that people are more concerned about, this research mainly uses BIM modeling technology to initially build a virtualized building model. It discusses the convenience of intelligent automation technology in terms of resource consumption and house security. In terms of safety, different levels of wind blowing strength are mainly used to measure the distance moved by the house to evaluate the safety factor. Divide the wind blowing intensity into A, B, C, D, E, F, and 6 levels to test the strength of the house. When the wind intensity level is F, the safety factor is the weakest, which is 20%. When conducting a house consumption test, directly measure the house’s electricity consumption within a specified time to conduct a resource rate consumption test. Divide the time period into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 6 different time periods to measure power consumption. The resource consumption rate reaches a maximum value of 96% when the length of time is 6 h. The experimental results show that the safety characteristics of BIM technology are the weakest when the wind strength level is F, and the safety performance is different when the wind strength level is different. In terms of resource consumption, the resource consumption rate reaches the maximum value when the time is 6 h, and the length of time directly determines the housing resource consumption rate. From the perspective of a smart city, BIM building design has the advantages of low resource consumption and high safety factor.

Integral to the scientific process are theoretical frameworks that motivate specific research questions and empirical methodologies. This paper introduces ecological psychology and argues that it c...

International audience; In this paper we give an overview of both hardware and software architectures of real time systems used in devices for various purposes-from lab bench contraptions to cars. The goal of the paper is to reveal separate classes of such architectures as well as to define preconditions for choosing a particular architecture.

Flexible and wearable sensors have shown great potential in tremendous applications such as human health monitoring, smart robots, and human–machine interfaces, yet the lack of suitable flexible power supply devices remains a great challenge hindering their practical applications. To this end, it is essential to develop novel flexible power supply devices that are highly flexible, lightweight, miniaturized, stable, and adaptable for the integration of a self-powered wearable system. Synthesizing intrinsically flexible materials and providing rigid materials good flexibility by a rational architectural design represent the most straightforward approaches to prepare flexible electrode and electrolyte materials, which lay the foundation for the assembly of flexible power devices. Besides, device configuration design and system integration are also essential steps to pave the way for flexible power devices towards real wearable applications. Herein, the main fabrication strategies including material synthesis, architecture design, device configuration design, and system integration for fabricating flexible power devices are overviewed. In addition, the existing challenges and future directions for the development of flexible power supply devices towards self-powered wearable systems will be discussed.

One of the key elements of precision agriculture is the farm management information system (FMIS) that is responsible for data management, analytics and subsequent decision support. Various FMISs have been developed to support the management of farm businesses. A key artefact in the development of FMISs is the software architecture that defines the gross level structure of the system. The software architecture is important for understanding the system, analysing the design decisions and guiding the further development of the system based on the architecture. To assist in the design of the FMIS architecture, several reference architectures have been provided in the literature. Unfortunately, in practice, it is less trivial to derive the application architecture from these reference architectures. Two underlying reasons for this were identified. First of all, it appears that the proposed reference architectures do not specifically focus on FMIS but have a rather broad scope of the agricultural domain in general. Secondly, the proposed reference architectures do not seem to have followed the proper architecture documentation guidelines as defined in the software architecture community, lack precision, and thus impeding the design of the required application architectures. Presented in this article is a novel reference architecture that is dedicated to the specific FMIS domain, and which is documented using the software architecture documentation guidelines. In addition, the systematic approach for deriving application architectures from the proposed reference architecture is provided. To illustrate the approach, the results of multi-case study research are shown in which the presented reference architecture is used for deriving different FMIS application architectures.

The revolution in multimedia devices has promoted indoor wireless communication in the last decades. Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) connections have expanded rapidly, and more than 5 billion devices have been connected to Wi-Fi each day since 2013, which causes system overloading. This bountiful usage of wireless devices has consumed an excessive amount of the radio spectrum, and the current standard for wireless communication is not able to provide enough capacity for indoor wireless traffic in the next decade. Wi-Fi currently holds 60% of the global traffic; however, secure communication for the internet of things (IoT) and spectrum congestion are two significant challenges for future communication development. Therefore, an affordable, secure, and fast medium for wireless communication is in urgent demand. It should be noted that the spectrum provided by visible light communication (VLC) can be thousands of times wider than the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. The challenge of spectrum congestion and the urgent demand for a high-speed medium can be solved through the application of visible light for indoor communication. It has been proved that each user can achieve a data rate of hundreds of Mbps in the congestion scenario through the application of VLC. But beside these advantages Li-Fi also have some limitations like unavailability in excess and in low light and also limited coverage due to walls and etc. To overcome these limitations the Wi-Fi and VLC hybrid network can be a good solution to continue using privileges of both technologies. A lot of research has been done to introduce a numerous techniques for such hybrid network but we are proposing Auto channel switching unit in this system which will be responsible for shifting and sharing data traffic on both Li-Fi and Wi-Fi channel.

Animal skins exhibit multiple fascinating functions for acclimatization and survival, such as stress- and temperature-detection, mechanoluminescence, and perception of toxic chemicals. Integrating these functions into a single electronic skin (E-skin) is of great significance to expand its practical applications in future. Herein, we present a facile method to fabricate multifunctional strain sensors integrated with mechanoluminescence and chemical sensing abilities. Benefiting from the microcrack architecture design and the doping–dedoping process of cellulose nanocrystals-supported polyaniline nanohybrids, our sensor exhibits high sensitivity to external force stimuli and superfast ammonia detection (1.5 s). Furthermore, owing to the wurtzite-structure of metal-doped ZnS microparticles, our E-skin can also transfer the mechanical stress to eye-detectable fluorescence to visualize the stress. The bio-inspired multifunctional sensor demonstrates great potential for applications in E-skins, environmental monitoring robotic systems and other electronic devices.

The manufacture of ambient roll-to-roll (R2R) slot-die-coated organic photovoltaic (OPV) is the basis toward commercialization of OPV. The low-cost large-area encapsulation technique of stability improvement of flexible OPV module is under-investigated. The related reports on flexible encapsulation up-scaled from cell were limited. The present study develops an effective and easy encapsulation method and architecture design based on the inverted structure of ambient R2R slot-die-coated PET/ITO/ZnO/active layer/hole transport layer (HTL)/Ag. All module areas are greater than 48 cm2. The P3HT:PCBM and PV2000:PC71BM adopted as active layers have the performance conversion efficiencies of modules of 1–2.2% and 4.2%, respectively. The thermally-deposited MoO3 and slot-die-coated PEDOT:PSS HTLs are used to compare the effect of HTL on T80 lifetime of the large-area flexible R2R module under the accelerated test. The accelerated stability tests regarding to different encapsulation architectures, including damp-heat and light soaking stresses, were conducted. The intrinsic and extrinsic degradation effects are analyzed. We develop the simple encapsulation design effectively suppressing the lateral ingress of oxygen and moisture. The T80 lifetime of P3HT:PCBM-based module can be improved to be 1500 h under the damp-heat test (65 °C/65% RH). The T80 lifetime of PV2000:PC71BM-based module can last for 7000 h under the dark and ambient environment (30 °C/50 ± 20% RH).

Converting CO2 into value-added fuels or chemical feedstocks through electrochemical reduction is one of the several promising avenues to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and alleviate global warming. This approach has mild operating conditions, adjusts product distribution, allows modular design, and offers opportunities for carbon-intensive manufacturing industries to utilize renewable energy power for CO2 reduction. In recent decades, various valid methods and strategies have been developed for high efficiency and high selectivity electrocatalysts to reduce CO2. Unfortunately, while intensive research focuses on the development of new electrocatalysts, little attention has been paid to the engineering design of low-cost and large-scale CO2 reduction electrolyzer architectures, which impairs the full realization of potential benefits of new electrocatalysts. This review summarizes the recent progress of reactor architectures and system engineering in the CO2 reduction reaction. We discuss how to improve the performance of the CO2 reduction reaction from four aspects: (i) flow cell architectures, (ii) management of reactant delivery, (iii) membranes, and (iv) electrolytes. We aim to introduce reactor architectures and system engineering strategies in detail to enable further development and provide inspiration for potential industrial applications of CO2 reduction.

With the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, the government has put forward higher requirements for network security and reliability through the flow of network managers and the release of information Traditional intrusion detection technology and firewall technology cannot effectively defend against DDoS attacks This paper analyzes the principles and defects of intrusion detection system and firewall In this paper, the architecture design of intrusion prevention system which integrates audit and network defense functions is proposed The system optimizes the detection and analysis component of detecting attack behavior according to the special requirements of attack defense task, and adds the module of attack behavior characteristic analysis and defense strategy generation The policy execution component uses a special defense engine to execute defense policies, providing the system with deep defense capabilities Experiments show that the validity and reliability of the key modules in the proposed defense model meet the technical requirements It has a certain reference value to improve the reliability of network management system under the influence of COVID-19 epidemic situation © 2020 - IOS Press and the authors All rights reserved

Cloud-based computation is known as the source architecture of the upcoming generation of IT enterprise. In context to up-coming trade solutions, the Information Technology sections are established under logical, personnel, and physical control, it transfers application software and large database to appropriate data centers, where security and management of database with services are not trustworthy fully. So this process may face many challenges towards society and organizations and that not been well understood over a while duration. This becomes one of the major challenges days today. So in this research, it focuses on security-based data storage using cloud, which plays one of the important aspects bases on qualities of services. To assure user data correctness in the cloud system, a flexible and effective distributed technique with two different salient features was examined by utilizing the token called homomorphic with erasure-coded data for distributed verification, based on this technique it achieved error data localization and integration of storage correctness. Also, it identifies server misbehaving, efficient, and security-based dynamic operations on data blocking such as data append, delete, and update methods. Performance analysis and security show the proposed method is more effective resilient and efficient against Byzantine failure, even server colluding attacks and malicious data modification attacks.

This chapter aims to present the fifth generation (5G) network slicing principles and enabling technologies for the vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) ecosystem. Current and future V2X applications and the related requirements will be introduced, together with the available V2X communication technologies, with a focus on the latest progress in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and concerning radio interfaces and architecture design. The main lessons learnt from research and development activities will be summarized, while also highlighting challenges and future perspectives in the promising area of network slicing for V2X communications.

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (abdimas) ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Bojong Pondok Terong, Kecamatan Cipayung, Kota Depok. Abdimas ini merupakan program kemitraan dengan mitra kerja sama Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid (DKM) Al Firdaus. Masjid Al Firdaus didirikan sekitar tahun 1970-an saat ini merupakan bangunan tua yang dikhawatirkan dapat membahayakan keselamatan jamaah/masyarakat yang sedang melaksanakan ibadah. Di samping itu kapasitas masjid tidak lagi mencukupi untuk menampung jamaah salat Jumat. Oleh karena itu DKM Al Firdaus bermaksud merenovasi bangunan masjid secara total/menyeluruh dengan prinsip dari jamaah, oleh jamaah dan untuk jamaah. DKM Al Firdaus menghadapi kendala di mana tidak ada jamaah masjid yang merupakan tenaga ahli dibidang teknik sipil dan arsitek. Tim dosen abdimas Universitas Indraprasta (Unindra) PGRI menawarkan kepada DKM Al Firdaus kerja sama kemitraan yang saling menguntungkan untuk melaksanakan renovasi masjid Al Firdaus. DKM Al Firdaus menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan perijinan, kemungkinan adanya gugatan dari ahli waris yang telah mewakafkan tanahnya, adanya keberatan warga/jamaah terhadap renovasi masjid dan lain sebagainya. Sedangkan tim dosen abdimas Unindra PGRI menyiapkan tenaga ahli yang akan mengerjakan tugas-tugas antara lain praperencanaan meliputi meninjau lokasi masjid, luas tanah, bentuk tanah dan struktur tanah, perencanaan berupa desain arsitektur masjid dan rencana anggaran belanja (RAB) dan ikut mengawasi pelaksaan pembangunan dari segi teknis bangunan.

The prevalence of Huanglongbing (HLB) in Florida has forced growers to search for new management strategies to optimize fruit yield in young orchards and enable earlier economic returns given the likelihood of HLB-induced yield reductions during later years. There has been considerable interest in modifying orchard architecture design and fertilizer and irrigation management practices as strategies for increasing profitability. Our objectives were to evaluate how different combinations of horticultural practices including tree density, fertilization methods, and irrigation systems affect growth, foliar nutrient content, fruit yield, and fruit quality of young ‘Valencia’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees during the early years of production under HLB-endemic conditions. The study was conducted in Fort Pierce, FL, from 2014 to 2020 on a 1- to 7-year-old orchard and evaluated the following treatments: standard tree density (358 trees/ha) and controlled-release fertilizer with microsprinkler irrigation (STD_dry_MS), high tree density (955 trees/ha) with fertigation and microsprinkler irrigation (HDS_fert_MS), and high tree density with fertigation and double-line drip irrigation (HDS_fert_DD). Annual foliar nutrient concentrations were usually within or higher than the recommended ranges throughout the study, with a tendency for decreases in several nutrients over time regardless of treatment, suggesting all fertilization strategies adequately met the tree nutrient demand. During fruit-bearing years, canopy volume, on a per-tree basis, was higher under STD_dry_MS (6.2–7.2 m3) than HDS_fert_MS (4.3–5.3 m3) or HDS_fert_DD (4.9–5.9 m3); however, high tree density resulted in greater canopy volume on an area basis, which explained the 86% to 300% increase in fruit yield per ha that resulted in moving from standard to high tree density. Although fruit yields per ha were generally greatest under HDS_fert_MS and HDS_fert_DD, they were lower than the 10-year Florida state average (26.5 Mg·ha−1) for standard tree density orchards, possibly due to the HLB incidence and the rootstock chosen. Although tree growth parameters and foliar nutrient concentrations varied in response to treatments, management practices that included high tree density and fertigation irrespective of irrigation systems produced the highest fruit yields and highest yield of solids. Soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) were lower, and the SSC-to-TA ratio was highest under STD_dry_MS in 2016–17, with no treatment effects on quality parameters detected in other years. Both drip and microsprinkler fertigation methods sufficiently met tree nutrient demand at high tree density, but additional research is needed to determine optimal fertilization rates and better rootstock cultivars in young high-density sweet orange orchards under HLB-endemic conditions in the Indian River Citrus District.

Sebbene questa stagione di tecnologie digitali e tecniche di produzione semiautomatica ha condizionato la maggior parte della tradizionale catena di montaggio e gli strumenti del processo di progettazione e rappresentazione, l'uso di found-objects nella modellistica è ancora praticato, rivelato e promosso da architetti e docenti contemporanei. Questo potrebbe essere interpretato come il sintomo di una sorta di resistenza analogica o un modo per introdurre incidenti pianificati e incertezza in un processo di progettazione deterministico e omologante, ma lo scenario è sfaccettato. Questo contributo discute l'uso di found-objects come modelli nella progettazione dell'architettura e nella pratica della comunicazione. In particolare, descrive le loro radici storiche e la loro funzione critica nella ricerca delle avanguardie artistiche, classifica il loro ruolo nelle diverse fasi del processo di progettazione tradizionale e contemporaneo e si concentra su interazioni e differenze degli approcci analogici e digitali, in relazione alle opportunità semantiche della rappresentazione architettonica.

Research interest in sulfur cathode employed in lithium sulfur battery (LSB) has been greatly aroused since 2009 due to its inherently high theoretical capacity and likely low manufacturing cost. In the span of 12 years, extensive efforts have been devoted to the scientific and technological solutions to its inherent drawbacks, including electrically isolated nature of S and Li2S, severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and large volume change from S to Li2S upon lithiation. Moreover, the latest research realm of sulfur cathode is frequently emphasized towards its validity in practical applications. In this review, we focus exclusively on a research roadmap of 12 years in sulfur cathode development. We begin with a retrospect of the major conceptions and breakthroughs in different aspects to advance sulfur cathode. Additionally, we detail the major contributions from various countries, institutions, corresponding authors, journals and patents. Herein, we hope to give a comprehensively evolutionary story of sulfur cathode and new insight into the future direction of sulfur cathode, namely, carbon architecture design of sulfur host, advanced characterization techniques for in-depth mechanism understanding and full-cell evaluation for a truly viable LSB. We believe more researches into sulfur cathode should be warranted to understand relevant material chemistries, interfaces and engineering present in the LSBs, consequently bringing in numerous opportunities for battery scientists.

This work focuses on the new alternatives and technological solutions of clay architecture design for contemporary individual houses in the Sahara Desert. Clay considered as a natural and eco-friendly building material, moreover is now back in the new project because of his ecological and aesthetic benefits that attract the attention of increasing numbers of architects. Current researches efforts focused on increasing its resistance in order to make it competitive and contemporary material. The main aim of this study is to share and disseminate technological and technical solutions besides the new possible alternatives to the architectural design of contemporary individual houses by using clay material. The research methodology went through different phases that range from analyzing the historical experience of clay construction in the Sahara Desert and investigation of the new ecological and technological alternatives. The clay is a lower-impact building material in terms of energy performance, recycle, resources consumption, low-cost, sustainability, and all these factors make the clay material as favourable and excellent natural and contemporary material. The use of clay material with new techniques and machines technologies is an environmental and economic alternative for contemporary individual houses in the Sahara Desert.