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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231154597 for A brief overview of a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion by bilateral carotid artery stenosis by Hidehiro Ishikawa, Akihiro Shindo, Akane Mizutani, Hidekazu Tomimoto, Eng H Lo and Ken Arai in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231154597 for A brief overview of a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion by bilateral carotid artery stenosis by Hidehiro Ishikawa, Akihiro Shindo, Akane Mizutani, Hidekazu Tomimoto, Eng H Lo and Ken Arai in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

This study aimed to clarify whether native coronary artery（CA） calcification before index percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） has an impact on the effectiveness of drug-coated balloon（DCB） angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis（ISR）. 100consecutive patients with 166ISR lesions underwent quantitative coronary angiography（QCA） before and after index PCI and before and after DCB angioplasty for ISR. CA calcification before index PCI was assessed by angiography and results were analyzed to reveal the predictive values for target lesion revascularization（TLR） and major adverse cardiac events（MACE）. During 1.03±1.03years of follow-up, TLR occurred in 44lesions（26.5%） and MACE in 33 patients（33%）. On multivariate analysis, CA calcification before index PCI（p=0.016）, and % diameter of stenosis（%DS）≥73%（p=0.023） and minimal lumen diameter（MLD）

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X20984976 for ErbB3 is a critical regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in brain microvascular endothelial cells: Implications for vascular remodeling and blood-brain-barrier modulation by Limin Wu, Mohammad R Islam, Janice Lee, Hajime Takase, Shuzhen Guo, Allison M Andrews, Tetyana P Buzhdygan, Justin Mathew, Wenlu Li, Ken Arai, Eng H Lo, Servio H Ramirez and Josephine Lok in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X20932870 for Transcriptomic characterization of microglia activation in a rat model of ischemic stroke by Wenjun Deng, Emiri Mandeville, Yasukazu Terasaki, Wenlu Li, Julie Holder, Aaron TT Chuang, Mingming Ning, Ken Arai, Eng H Lo and Changhong Xing in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

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Background－Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) regulate neuronal, glial, and vascular systems in diverse ways and display phenotypic heterogeneity beyond their established role as a reservoir for mature oligodendrocytes. However, the detailed phenotypic changes of OPCs after cerebral ischemia remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the roles of reactive OPCs in the ischemic brain. Methods and Results－The behavior of OPCs was evaluated in a mouse model of ischemic stroke produced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo. For in vitro experiments, the phenotypic change of OPCs after oxygen glucose derivation was examined using a primary rat OPC culture. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of hypoxic OPCs was evaluated in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo. Perivascular OPCs in the cerebral cortex were increased alongside poststroke angiogenesis in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. In vitro RNA‐seq analysis revealed that primary cultured OPCs increased the gene expression of numerous pro‐angiogenic factors after oxygen glucose derivation. Hypoxic OPCs secreted a greater amount of pro‐angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin‐1, compared with normoxic OPCs. Hypoxic OPC‐derived conditioned media increased the viability and tube formation of endothelial cells. In vivo studies also demonstrated that 5 consecutive daily treatments with hypoxic OPC‐conditioned media, beginning 2 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, facilitated poststroke angiogenesis, alleviated infarct volume, and improved functional disabilities. Conclusions－Following cerebral ischemia, the phenotype of OPCs in the cerebral cortex shifts from the parenchymal subtype to the perivascular subtype, which can promote angiogenesis. The optimal use of hypoxic OPCs secretome would provide a novel therapeutic option for stroke.

Bacterial replicons often contain single-strand initiation sequences ( ssi ) such as a G site (a sequence recognized by a dnaG -encoded primase for the synthesis of primer RNA) and a primosome assembly site ( pas ) near the DNA replication origin ( ori ). The R1 plasmid contains a G site downstream from oriR , which serves for the priming of the leading-strand synthesis of this plasmid. On the other hand, the F, R6K and Rts1 plasmids carry pas at similar locations relative to the respective ori . In order to assess the functional significance of these pas , R1 plasmid derivatives carrying an n'- pas (φX 174-type pas ) in place of the G site were constructed and their replication properties were examined in vitro. Deletion of the G site in the R1 plasmid resulted in a nearly 80% reduction of total DNA synthesis in vitro, which was recovered to the wild-type (wt) level by inserting the G4 complementary ori . Furthermore, insertion of an n'- pas on the leading-strand template restored the in vitro replicative activity to a level 70% of wt. This recovery was dependent on the assembly of the φX174-type primosome, which efficiently primed leading-strand synthesis and moved toward the oriR . However, the R1 plasmid derivative containing the n'- pas replicated unidirectionally in vitro, probably due to the anti-helicase activity of the RepA protein bound to oriR , which was shown by helicase assays using partial heteroduplexes as substrates. These results indicate that the pas present near the ori of various replicons serves for the assembly of a mobile primosome, which can prime leading-strand synthesis, although the movement of this primosome may be blocked by Rep protein bound to the ori .

Measurements of oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)) with high temporal and spatial resolution in three dimensions is crucial for understanding oxygen delivery and consumption in normal and diseased brain. Among existing pO(2) measurement methods, phosphorescence quenching is optimally suited for the task. However, previous attempts to couple phosphorescence with two-photon laser scanning microscopy have faced substantial difficulties because of extremely low two-photon absorption cross-sections of conventional phosphorescent probes. Here we report to our knowledge the first practical in vivo two-photon high-resolution pO(2) measurements in small rodents' cortical microvasculature and tissue, made possible by combining an optimized imaging system with a two-photon-enhanced phosphorescent nanoprobe. The method features a measurement depth of up to 250 microm, sub-second temporal resolution and requires low probe concentration. The properties of the probe allowed for direct high-resolution measurement of cortical extravascular (tissue) pO(2), opening many possibilities for functional metabolic brain studies.

Based on the ability to complement the poor growth of an M13 phage derivative lacking the complementary strand origin, eleven single-strand initiation sequences (ssi) for DNA replication are identified in the F, R6K, R100 and ColE2 plasmids. Six of them were from F, two from near the γ and α origins (ori) of R6K, two from the vicinity of the basic replicon of R100 and one from near the ori of ColE2. They can be classified into two groups based on the morphology of the plaques and the length of nucleotide (nt) sequences required for ssi activity; one group that gives rise to larger and clearer plaques and can be reduced to nearly 100 nt (seven out of eleven), and another that generates smaller and less clear plaques and requires more than 200 nt for full activity (four out of eleven). Sequence homology is detected among some members from both groups. The possible biological roles of the ssi are discussed.

application/pdf, Two new copper reagents containg sulfur atom are described. Although there have been many reports on the copper reagents. little is known on the disulfinyl copper reagents. In this communication, we wish to report conjugate addition reactions of two new copper reagents to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds., 弘前大学理科報告. 44(1), 1997, p.69-71

BACKGROUND To determine whether interferon (IFN) therapy can reduce incidence of the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma equally in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) who responded differently to therapy, a retrospective analysis of 250 patients treated with IFN was conducted. METHODS Two hundred and fifty patients with chronic HCV who were treated with IFN were classified into 3 groups based on serum aminotransferase levels during and after therapy with IFN-α: long term responders (n = 93), short term responders (n = 70), and nonresponders (n = 87). Eighty-nine untreated patients served as a control group. The follow-up period was 4 years. Liver function tests, HCV RNA levels, and α-fetoprotein were measured each month. Imaging diagnosis was made every 6 months with ultrasonography and yearly with dynamic computed tomography. Serum and liver HCV RNA was assayed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and branched DNA probe. RESULTS Of the 93 long term responders, 67 (72%) remained HCV RNA negative whereas 26 (28%) were HCV RNA positive. Further histologic improvement occurred only in HCV RNA negative long term responders. During the follow-up period, the overall annual incidence of cirrhosis in the 250 patients was decreased significantly compared with the control group, whereas the overall annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was not. None of the long term responders but 5 (7%) short term responders and 33 (38%) nonresponders had disease progression to cirrhosis. No HCV RNA negative long term responders but 1 (3.8%) HCV RNA positive long term responder, 1 (1.4%) short term responder, and 14 (16%) nonresponders developed hepatocellular carcinoma. Long term and short term responders had significantly lower incidence of cirrhosis whereas nonresponders had significantly higher incidence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma than the control group. Multivariate analysis showed that staging score, the presence of high viral levels, and lack of response to therapy significantly influenced the incidence of these events. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that patients with chronic HCV responding differently to IFN therapy had different incidence of disease progression to cirrhosis and of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and that nonresponders should be regarded as a group at high risk for these events. Cancer 1999;85:1943–50. © 1999 American Cancer Society.

The immune system of higher organisms is composed largely of two distinct cell types, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, each of which is independently capable of recognizing an enormous number of distinct entities through their antigen receptors; surface immunoglobulin in the case of the former, and the T-cell receptor (TCR) in the case of the latter. In both cell types, the genes encoding the antigen receptors consist of multiple gene segments which recombine during maturation to produce many possible peptides. One striking difference between B- and T-cell recognition that has not yet been resolved by the structural data is the fact that T cells generally require a major histocompatibility determinant together with an antigen whereas, in most cases, antibodies recognize antigen alone. Recently, we and others have found that a series of TCR V beta gene sequences show conservation of many of the same residues that are conserved between heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin V regions, and these V beta sequences are predicted to have an immunoglobulin-like secondary structure. To extend these studies, we have isolated and sequenced eight additional alpha-chain complementary cDNA clones and compared them with published sequences. Analyses of these sequences, reported here, indicate that V alpha regions have many of the characteristics of V beta gene segments but differ in that they almost always occur as cross-hybridizing gene families. We conclude that there may be very different selective pressures operating on V alpha and V beta sequences and that the V alpha repertoire may be considerably larger than that of V beta.

Analysis of three new T-cell receptor beta-chain variable regions together with those in the literature indicates that they have both remarkable similarities and differences with those of immunoglobulin. Less than 10 V regions appear to predominate in the thymus. V beta sequences are much more heterogeneous at the amino acid level than are immunoglobulin V regions and they appear to diverge between species much more quickly, apparently the result of additional hypervariable regions. Three of these putative new hypervariable regions lie outside of the classical immunoglobulin binding site, an indication that important interactions may be occurring in these regions with polymorphic MHC determinants.

Li Ho, a late T'ang poet, who died very young, is esteemed as an enfant terrible, by contemporary and later critics. He seems to be unusual in his frequent employment of colours, the ratio of which reaches 513 to the 15, 517 characters he used in his whole work. Expressed in percentage, this is 3.3, not only surpassing the 1.5 % of Wang Wei, a poet of quite another style, but also surpassing the 0.8 % of Han Yu, who was Li's teacher and consequently has been considered to belong to the same school. Li's anxiety to depict extraordinary scenes might be one reason. This difference between Han and Li, however, might suggest the fundamental gap between the two poets : Li was less explicit and more symbolic than Han. Li's distinct preference to gold, silver and darker colours makes his poetry gloomy as well as colourful. The author also points out his new usage of the character 白, white, which does not really mean white. In his lines such as 秋野明，秋風白 "The autumn field is bright, the autumn wind is white, " "white" no mere means white, but it has come to mean emptiness, the perfect lack of colours.

Traditional Chinese critics, speaking of the T'ang poet Chia Tao 賈島 (779?-843), have often grouped him with Meng Chiao 孟郊, and employed such adjectives as clzien-se 蹇澁, "lame and tortured", or han-shou 寒瘦 "cold and lean", to describe the style of the two men. In other instances they have regarded him as belonging to the same line as Meng Hao-jan, Wei Ying-wu, and Liu Tsung-yüan, a poet of the stillness and purity of nature. As Wen I-to has recently pointed out, however, Chia Tao, along with Yao Ho 姚合, formed the center of an independent group in the poetic world of the middle T'ang, and should therefore not be counted among the members of the school of poets mentioned above. The facts of Chia Tao's life are difficult to ascertain. In his youth he was a Buddhist priest, but later returned to lay life and became a disciple of Han Yü, hoping to secure an official position. He failed repeatedly in the government examinations, during which time he wrote a number of attacks on the government authorities and high officials, a fact which would seem to bear out the traditional report that he got along badly with the officials. Late in life he managed, by circumventing the customary route to office, to secure a post in the provincial government in the region of present day Szechwan, though the details of the matter are impossible to determine. In any event, he was pursued by failure throughout his life, and his spirit of bitterness and frustration kept him in constant difficulties. This is the spirit we find crystalized in his works which, though they may contain elements of style that could be called tortured or lean, at the same time give an impression of enormous energy.

Longitudinal and transversal magnetostrictions of rapidly quenched amorphous alloys in (Fe_Co_x)_P_C_7 and (Fe_Co_x)_-Si_B_ systems were measured in the saturation magnetization region at room temperature. Forced magnetostrictions of these alloys were also measured in the magnetic field up to 23 kOe. A three-terminal capacitance method and a modified dilatometric method of a suspension type were employed for the measurements. The magnetostriction constant obtained by multiplying a factor 2/3 by the difference between the longitudinal and transversal magnetostrictions is zero in the alloy with x=0.94, being positive in the range of 00.94. This fact accounts for the remarkable low coercive force and high permeability of the alloy with x=0.94. The forced volume magnetostriction has been obtained to be about 23×10^ in the alloy with x=0 ; it decreases monotonically with increasing x.

For the purpose of practical applications of the amorphous Fe_5Co_Si_B_ ribbon to high frequency magnetic material, the initial permeability μ_i, the loss factor tan δ as well as the quality factor were measured in the frequency region from 3 kHz to 70 kHz by using a Maxwell Bridge. μ_i is almost independent of the intensity of magnetic field and increases monotonically with a decrease of the frequency. tan δ increases linearly with an increase of the frequency in the initial permeability region. tan δ/μ_i is a good linear function of the square of the thickness and increase with an increase of the frequency. From these experiments, it was found that among losses, the eddy current loss is most essential in the high frequency region in the amorphous ribbons.