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ilustraciones, fotografías, graficas Este trabajo consiste en un diseño de iluminación de las zonas exteriores para un aeropuerto nacional, que busca brindar una solución que mejor se ajuste a las necesidades y presupuesto, para un aeropuerto que cuente con características similares a la mayoría de los aeropuertos no internacionales de las ciudades colombianas, debido a las problemáticas identificadas con respecto a la identificación y aplicación de iluminación en pistas, cambio tecnológico de luminarias y fallas eléctricas en la prestación del servicio de alumbrado, que ha generado inseguridad, retrasos en la operación y cancelaciones de vuelos. Este diseño tiene el fin de garantizar la seguridad aeroportuaria, la de sus pasajeros, tripulación y personal de asistencia en tierra de las aeronaves. Brindando una solución de iluminación adecuada para su uso, y las consideraciones de niveles de iluminancia, luminancia, confiabilidad, eficiencia energética, durabilidad, capacidad y mantenimiento del sistema lumínico del aeropuerto. Para ello, se presenta una alternativa de iluminación para las áreas exteriores de: pistas, calles de rodaje, iluminación de aproximación de las pistas, plataforma, entre otras zonas exteriores. Basado en los referentes normativos, regulatorios y legislativos colombianos, así mismo como, los manuales de la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI), específicamente en el manual del anexo 14, Documento 9157 - Manual de diseño de aeródromos y en la norma IES RP-37-15 Outdoor Lighting for Airport Environments. (Texto tomado de la fuente) This work consists of a lighting design for the exterior areas for a national airport, which seeks to provide a solution that best suits the needs and budget, for an airport that has similar characteristics to most non-international airports in the Colombian cities, due to the problems identified regarding the identification and application of runway lighting, technological change of lighting fixtures, and electrical failures in the provision of lighting services, which have generated insecurity, delays in operations, and flight cancellations. This design has the purpose of guaranteeing airport security, that of its passengers, crew, and aircraft ground assistance personnel. Providing an adequate lighting solution for its use, and the considerations of illuminance levels, luminance, reliability, energy efficiency, durability, capacity, and maintenance of the airport lighting system. For this, a lighting alternative is presented for the exterior areas of runways, taxiways, runway approach lighting, and apron, among other exterior areas. Based on the Colombian normative, regulatory, and legislative references, as well as the manuals of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), specifically in the manual of annex 14, Document 9157 - Aerodrome Design Manual and in the standard IES RP-37-15 Outdoor Lighting for Airport Environments. Especialización Especialista en Iluminación Pública y Privada Iluminación Aeroportuaria

Because of poor sanitary practices and a lack of knowledge about proper hygiene, meat vendors' aprons and tables could be potential sources of cross-infection of many public health bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria isolates obtained from meat vendors' aprons and tables. 100 fresh swabs from meat vendors' aprons and tables were streaked on Eosin methylene blue, Cetrimide, and MacConkey agar and identified by the biochemical test. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was evaluated on Mueller Hinton agar using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results:Out of the 100 samples processed, 66 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated.Klebsiellapneumoniae(74.24%) was the dominant gram-negative isolates, followed byE. coli(18.18%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(4.55%), andProteussp (3.03%) respectively. The isolates from the tables recorded 100% resistance to Erythromycin and Cloxacillin with the highest sensitivity to Ofloxacin (66.7%) followed by Gentamicin (50%) while the isolates from aprons were 100% resistant to Augmentin and Cloxacillin followed by cefuroxime (93.3%) and Erythromycin (90%) with the highest sensitivity to Ofloxacin (100%) followed by Gentamicin (33.3%). This study confirmed the presence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria on the apron, and the levels of contamination detected on the aprons and tables used by meat vendors in Elele market presented an inadequate microbiological standard and quality. It is critical to implement proper orientation and workshops to educate meat vendors on standard practices to be followed when handling meat.

This study was the first to examine the association between free sugar intake and nutrient dilution in pregnant women. A total of 1078 pregnant women from the APrON study were included in this study. Dietary intake data from the second and third trimester were collected using a web-based 24-hour recall and a sugar database. Mean intakes of six nutrients from food sources were compared across free sugar categories and tertiles of free sugar from various food groups. Intakes of all nutrients significantly decreased as free sugar intake increased to >15% of energy. Higher intakes of free sugars from SSBs and confectionary items were associated with reduced nutrient intake, while intakes of free sugars from fruit juice and milk products were associated with greater nutrient intake. Future research that examines usual free sugar and nutrient intake from food and dietary supplements is needed to further examine this area of practice.

Slotted roller bucket type energy dissipators are provided for spillways when the tailwater depth is 1.2 times the sequent depth required for the formation of a hydraulic jump. In slotted roller buckets, the dissipation of energy occurs by the lateral spreading of jet passing through bucket slots in addition to the formation of two complementary rollers as in the solid bucket. These are provided for spillways where the downstream river bed is of sound rock. However, when the tailwater levels are not realised during the release of floods over the spillway and surface and ground rollers are not formed, it results in a possible sweep of the flood out of the bucket. Deficient tailwater levels during the initial period of operation of the bucket leading to ski action, generation of high hydrodynamic pressures during roller formation due to very high incoming velocities and occurrence of negative pressures on the bucket teeth, are some of the hydraulic parameters that lead to damage to the slotted roller bucket. Indira Sagar Dam is 653 m long and 92 m in height and was built on the River Narmada in Madhya Pradesh. The main and auxiliary spillway comprises 12 and 8 spans respectively of size each 20 m x 17 m and is designed to dispose of a Probable Maximum Flood of 83,400 m3/s. The energy dissipator provided was original in the form of a slotted roller bucket. The project is in operation from 2004-2005. Discharges of the magnitude 30,000 m3/s were released during the monsoon of 2013 and then it was observed that the entire slotted roller bucket in front of spans 6 to 12 was washed away. The teeth of the roller bucket were overturned and thrown away by the flood waters. Theoretical analysis for actual discharges passed over the spillway from 2006 to 2012 indicated that the roller action was not forming for these conditions and instead ski action was taking place due to deficient tailwater levels. There was also a transition from ski action to roller action for increasing discharges till the tailwater build was realised. In fact, this is the inherent shortcoming of roller bucket type of energy dissipators and damages to the bucket have been reported elsewhere also. In this paper, the authors account for the causes that damaged the slotted roller bucket of Indira Sagar dam, M.P and recommendations suggested for improving the performance of energy dissipation arrangement.

Medical protective clothing should be flexible to ensure free movement of healthcare personnel. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a polymer’s physical properties on the particle composition of a shielding material, constituent component miscibility, and shielding performance. To ensure flexibility by reducing the thickness of the shielding garment, polymer-based composite materials are mainly used as shielding materials. The shielding performance varies depending on whether the polymer used is in an emulsion or powder state. In this study, we found that a shielding film manufactured through an injection process after mixing a polymer in a powder form with tungsten powder exhibited 0.95%–2.5% higher shielding performance than that manufactured using the calendering process with an emulsion polymer. The shell structure formed when using the powder polymer maintains the spacing between the particles owing to the double coating of the tungsten particles and improves their dispersion. Additionally, the primary issue when combining an emulsion polymer and shielding material, that is the aggregation between the shielding material particles and between the polymer particles, could be alleviated, resulting in improved shielding performance. We concluded that the polymer-powder mixing method contributes to the reproducibility of the process technology when manufacturing shielding films.

A modern roundabout is an intersection with a circulatory roadway at which the vehicle speed is low, and the traffic is continuous and circulating in one direction around the central island towards the exits at the approach legs. Modern roundabout design is an iterative process that is composed of the following steps: (1) the identification of the roundabout as the optimal traffic solution; (2) the definition of the number of lanes at the intersection based on the required capacity and the level of service; (3) the initial design of the roundabout geometry; (4) design vehicle swept path, the fastest path analysis, and visibility performance checks; and (5) detailed roundabout design if the results of the performance checks are in line with the design recommendations. Initial roundabout geometry design elements are not independent of each other; therefore, care must be taken to provide compatibility between them. An overview and a comparative analysis of the initial geometric design elements for suburban single-lane roundabouts defined in roundabout design guidelines and norms used in Croatia, Austria, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Serbia, and Switzerland is given in this entry.

Presented in this paper is an experimental study on scour downstream of rough and smooth stiff aprons under the influence of wall jets. The effect of various parameters on asymptotic scour depth is studied. The analysis of data reveals that maximum scour depth reduces with increasing sediment size, sluice opening, and apron length. It is directly proportional to densimetric Froude number. Maximum equilibrium scour depth initially decreases with increasing tailwater level (up to a minimum), but thereafter an increase is observed. The effect of roughness of stiff apron on scour is studied and quantification of decline in maximum scour depth due to roughness is carried out. Scour profiles and their temporal variation are also studied. A regression-based equation to predict equilibrium scour depth under smooth and rough apron is proposed, which conforms to experimental data. Based on the conclusions of this study, it is recommended to use roughness over the surface of stiff apron to confine scour under-wall jets.

In striving to conduct safe cooking practices, we investigated on aprons that are flammable when worn during cooking. The subject, close to the body size of fifth and sixth grade children, wore three different types of aprons, i.e. a coverall apron, “kappogi”, a rope apron, and a back-cross apron, in two different sizes, S and M. The distances between the body and the apron were then compared while standing straight and in a bent-over position，reaching out in front beyond the stove. Moreover, the possibility of catching fire was discussed in consideration of the relationship between the height of the gas stove and the silhouette of the apron. From the results, it is revealed that the kappogi and back-cross aprons are easily detached from the body and have a high risk of catching fire.

Background: Color plays an important role in a child's life and can elicit emotions such as anxiety and fear. Clothes worn by a dental surgeon may increase anxiety and fear in children because of the children's previous experiences. Furthermore, a dental clinic environment can significantly contribute to dental anxiety and fear. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate children's preferences for dentist attire and the color of the pediatric dental clinic environment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 female schoolchildren aged 6–10 years. Using a questionnaire with a pictorial demonstration, each child was interviewed to gather information regarding their preferences for the dentist attire and the color of the dental clinic. First, the children were asked to prioritize five photographs of a single anonymous dentist wearing five different aprons (white coat, casual attire, pediatric scrub, surgical scrub, jeans, and T-shirt). Then, a set of five pictures of a dental clinic painted in blue, yellow, green, and black and one clinic with cartoon images were shown to the children. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results: The majority of the children preferred that pediatric dentists wear traditional white coats (n = 62), while the most preferred interior for the dental clinic was the one with cartoon images (n = 88). Statistical analysis indicated that preference for the white coat and preference for the clinic with cartoon images were significant when compared with others (P < 0.0224). Conclusion: The study concludes that children likes to see dentists in white coat and also prefer pictures of cartoon characters in the dental clinic settings.

[EN] It was acknowledged that, the Hang Nadim International Airport’s aircraft movements increased significantly at recent 10 years period. The shift in aircraft dimensions and weights have raised questions whether or not the existing apron pavement dimensions are sufficient for accommodating the increase aircraft parking demands and to bear aircraft load changes. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and analyze the apron dimensions and pavement thickness at Hang Nadim Airport. This research was used two relevant methods as guidelines for calculating this apron dimension and thickness; ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Anex 14 2013 and FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) 150/5320-6d. It was calculated that the apron dimension need to be expanded to 1600 m x 150 m for accommodating 31 aircraft parking in 2025 (11 units B747- 300 + 16 units B737-900 + 4 units F27). The apron thickness would be 46.2 cm of base course and 10 cm of subbase course.

Pregače su još u prvoj polovini 20. stoljeća bile neizostavnim dijelom nošnji stanovnica unutrašnjosti Dalmacije. Zapažanja o pregačama iznesena u ovome članku zasnovana su najvećim dijelom na izučavanju bogate građe koja se čuva u Zbirci nošnji dalmatinskoga zaleđa EMS-a.1 Uz opći pregled razvoja i uporabe ovog odjevnog predmeta kroz povijest, predstavljene su vrste pregača zastupljene u zaleđu Dalmacije, kao i cjeloviti proces njihove ručne izrade od domaće ovčje vune. U središtu zanimanja su pregače istkane ukrasnom tehnikom klječanja., An apron is an item of clothing worn over other clothing to protect it from dirt and damage. In addition to this basic practical function, it has served (and continues to serve) decorative and ceremonial purposes throughout its long history, with its roles changing and overlapping over the centuries. In the traditional culture of dressing many peoples it has survived as an indispensable part of the costume. Until deep into the 20th century, it was tied around the waist every day and every day by women, girls and girls in the hinterland of Dalmatia. Their aprons, as an obligatory part of the costume, in addition to their practical role, almost regularly had a decorative one. There are as many as 527 aprons in the EMS Dalmatian Hinterland Costume Collection, which has a total of 4,322 textile items. They, therefore, make up more than one-eighth of the entire Collection, which unequivocally speaks of the importance of this segment of traditional textile handicrafts. For the production of aprons and other clothing items in this area, the wool of domestic sheep was most often used, the breeding of which formed the basis of the farm. The whole process from the processing of woolen raw materials to the making and decorating of clothes, within traditional communities rested on women. Two basic types of woolen aprons have been recorded in the hinterland of Dalmatia. They differ in the way they are made or woven, which ultimately gives them a distinctive look. In the southeastern part, aprons woven with simpler techniques predominate and are most often red with woven transverse stripes. In the northeastern part, aprons are usually woven with the decorative kneeling technique, which performs a variety of geometric ornaments. The latter have a distinct numerical advantage in the Collection, which is conditioned not only by their former wide use, but certainly by their special artistic properties.

Stajanka je važan infrastrukturni element svake zračne luke koji je namjenjen smještaju zrakoplova s ciljem ukrcaja i iskrcaja putnika, utovara i istovara tereta ili pošte, opskrbe gorivom, te parkiranja i održavanja zrakoplova. Kapacitet stajanke bitno utječe na operativne karaktereristike cjelokupne zračne luke. Cilj diplomskog rada bio je osmisliti idejno rješenje stajanke zračne luke. Rad je podijeljen u dva dijela. Prvi dio se odnosi na teorijski prikaz stajanke i njenih oblikovnih elemenata, dok se drugi dio odnosi na praktični primjer idejnog oblikovanja putničke stajanke. Zadatkom je zadan broj dolazaka 3 tipa zrakoplova u vršnom satu, a za referentni zrakoplov je korišten Boeing 767 – 300. Na temelju broja dolazaka u vršnom satu dobiven je potreban broj parkirnih pozicija, a pomoću zadanih radijusa za otklon nosnog kotača od 45° određene su dimenzije parkirne pozicije za referetni zrakoplov. Dimenzionirane su i staze za vožnju na stajanci, kao i njena proširenja po FAA – ADG metodi. Servisna prometnica koja služi za opsluživanje zrakoplova nalazi se ispred i između parkirnih pozicija. Predviđeni ulaz zrakoplova na poziciju je na vlastiti pogon po kutom od 90°, a za izlazak s pozicije je previđeno izguravanje pomoću traktora. Za prihvat putnika previđeni su aviomostovi. Bilo je potrebno izračunati kapacitet stajanke s ograničenjem zbog veličine parkirnih pozicja, kombinacijom ograničenja zbog veličine i ekskluzivnog korištenja pozicija i kombinacijom ograničenja zbog veličine, ekskluzivnog i zajedničkog korištenja pozicija. Računom je dobiveno da ekskluzivno korištenje pozicija smanjuje kapacitet stajanke. U radu se nalaze i grafički prilozi izrađeni u programu AutoCAD 2016., An apron is an important infrastructural element of any airport, an d its purpose is to place an aircraft so that it can be unloaded and loaded, refueled, parked, and maintained. Apron capacity significantly affects the operational characteristics of the entire airport. The aim of this thesis was to create a conceptual des ign of the apron. The paper is divided into two parts; the first part covers the theoretical presentation of an apron and In the task, there is a given number of arrivals of 3 types of aircraft in the peak hour, and a Boeing 767 300 was used as a reference aircraft. Based on the number of arrivals in the peak hour, the required number of parking positions was obtained; and the dimensions of the parking position for the reference aircraft were determined using the given 45 yoke deflection radius. The tracks for driving on an apron were also dimensioned, as well as its extensions according to the FAA ADG method. The service road used to service the aircraft is located in front of and between the parking positions. The planned entry of the aircraft into the position is on its own and at an angle of 90 and for the exit from the position it is planned to push it out with the help of a trac tor. Passenger boarding bridges are provided for the reception of passengers. I t was necessary to calculate an apron capacity with a restriction due to the size of parking positions, a combination of restrictions due to size, and exclusive use of positions and a combination of restrictions due to size, exclusive, and shared use of positions. The calculation determined that the exclusive use of positions reduces the apron capacity. This paper also contains graphic attachments created in the AutoCAD 2016 soft ware. Key words: airport, apron, design elements of apron, service roads, apron capacity its design elements, while the second part presents a practical example of the conceptual design of the apron

Radiation exposure in medical institutions is mainly due to low doses. Low-dose radiation mainly means scattered radiation, and such scattered radiation can be shielded with a lightweight shielding suit. In this study, the shielding performance of shielding fabrics woven by winding polyethylene (PE) yarn around a 30 μm tungsten wire was evaluated. To improve the shielding performance, an air pressure dispersion process of coating tungsten nanopowder on the fiber was developed. The radiation shielding effectiveness of the shielding fibers with and without dispersed tungsten nanopowder were compared by measuring the spatial dose inside the diagnostic X-ray imaging room of a medical institution. The results of the experiment confirmed that the fabric coated with tungsten nanopowder improved the shielding performance of the general tungsten fiber by approximately 15% and provided relatively effective low-dose radiation shielding at approximately 1.2 m of the X-ray imaging equipment. This study shows that tungsten fiber can be helpful in manufacturing lightweight shielding clothing for protection from scattered radiation in medical institutions.

Resume Depuis 2004, le Conservatoire d’espaces naturels Rhone-Alpes est implique au premier plan dans la sauvegarde de l’apron du Rhone, tout d’abord en tant que pilote du second projet Life Apron, puis comme coordinateur du plan national d’action (PNA) en faveur de l’espece. Dans cet article introductif, Marianne Georget, animatrice du PNA, retrace les etapes marquantes de la reconquete des rivieres par l’apron rendue possible grâce a des operations et des travaux qui ont mobilise plus de trente partenaires scientifiques, techniques et financiers.

Dès le premier projet de sauvegarde de l’apron en 1998, le cloisonnement des cours d’eau a été identifié comme l’une des principales causes du déclin de l’espèce. Les opérations de restauration de la continuité écologique menées en synergie avec d’autres actions améliorant la qualité écologique des cours d’eau se sont traduites par une augmentation importante de l’aire de répartition de l’apron avec plus de cent kilomètres de linéaire de cours d’eau reconquis en quinze ans. Aujourd’hui, les freins à lever, le plus souvent d’ordre social ou socioéconomique, sont encore nombreux pour assurer le maintien durable de l’espèce, notamment face à l’évolution climatique.

Information on pavement layer thickness is very important for determining bearing capacity, estimating remaining life and strengthening planning. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive testing (NDT) method used for determining the continuous pavement layer thickness in the travel direction. The data obtained with GPR in one survey line is suitable for the needs of repair and rehabilitation planning of roads and highways, but not for wider traffic areas such as airfield pavements. Spatial representation of pavement thickness is more useful for airfield pavements but requires a 3D model. In the absence of 3D GPR, a 3D model of pavement thickness can be created by additional processing of GPR data obtained from multiple survey lines. Five 3D models of asphalt pavements were created to determine how different numbers of survey lines affect their accuracy. The distance between survey lines ranges from 1 to 5 m. The accuracy of the 3D models is determined by comparing the asphalt layer thickness on the model with the values measured on 22 cores. The results, as expected, show that the highest accuracy is achieved for the 3D model created with a distance of 1 m between survey lines, with an average relative error of up to 1.5%. The lowest accuracy was obtained for the 3D model created with a distance of 4 m between the survey lines, with an average relative error of 7.4%.

As the scope of radiation use in medical and industrial fields has expanded, interest in radiation shielding is increasing. Most existing radiation shields use Pb-based products, primarily in the form of a laminated sheet, which requires attention as fine cracks may occur depending on the usage and storage conditions. The weight of the sheets limits users’ activities, and they pose a risk of heavy metal contamination. To address these problems, this study proposed a shielding fiber with improved flexibility and workability, and thus, produce a shielding garment. Masterbatches of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber were manufactured using the eco-friendly materials, BaSO4 and Bi2O3. Yarns were fabricated by the melt spinning process, and fabrics were woven. With 5 wt% of shielding material, the yarns’ shield against radiation and was sufficiently strong for fabric weaving. The fibers’ radiation shielding averaged 9–13%, with the Bi2O3 fiber displaying better shielding performance than the BaSO4. It is believed that the findings of this study on improving the yarn manufacturing process could be applied for protection against low-dose and scattered rays in medical applications and for aerospace radiation protection. In addition, the proposed shielding fibers’ flexibility makes them suitable for future use in the production of various radiation shields.

В работе представлены конструктивные решения по основным элементам низконапорного транспортно-энергетического гидроузла в ÑƒÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ ÐšÑ€Ñ‹Ð¼Ð°. Рассмотрен вариант пойменной компоновки гидроузла, включающего в себя грунтовую плотину, шлюз, здание ГЭС и водосливную плотину. Даны основные конструктивные решения для земляной плотины. Выполнен расчет габаритов здания ГЭС. Выполнены гидравлические расчеты, расчет устойчивости на сдвиг центральной секции, рассмотрен процесс организации производства работ и Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ возведения водосливной плотины. Для всего гидроузла разработаны чертежи по основным конструкциям., The paper presents design solutions for the main elements of a low-pressure transport and energy hydroelectric power plant in the conditions of the Crimea. A variant of the floodplain layout of the hydroelectric complex, including an underground dam, a lock, a hydroelectric power station building and a spillway dam, is considered. The main design solutions for an earthen dam are given. The dimensions of the HPP building were calculated. Hydraulic calculations, the calculation of the shear stability of the central section, the process of organizing the production of works and the technology of constructing a spillway dam are performed. Drawings for the main structures have been developed for the entire hydroelectric complex.

В результате выполнения выпускной квалификационной работы были разработаны основные Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ решения по реконструкции аэродрома Левашово. В работе изложены основные Ñ Ð°Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ района проектирования, в частности: местоположение, рельеф, климатические условия, климатические Ñ Ð°Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ по нормативным документам, а также опасные метеорологические явления и геологические процессы, инженерно-геологические и гидро-геологические условия, дана краткая Ñ Ð°Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÐºÐ° ÑÑƒÑ‰ÐµÑÑ‚Ð²ÑƒÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¾Ð² аэродрома, приведена краткая Ñ Ð°Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÐºÐ° приписного парка Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÑƒÑˆÐ½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑƒÐ´Ð¾Ð², выбран расчетный тип Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÑƒÑˆÐ½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑƒÐ´Ð¾Ð² и в соответствии с нормативной требованиями определены основные Ñ Ð°Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ аэродрома. Мной также были описаны решения и мероприятия, Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ñ‹Ðµ для реконструкции взлетно-посадочной полосы с целью обеспечения условий эксплуатации аэродрома с заданными Ñ Ð°Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¸. В частности: разработан состав Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚, а также объем работ по организации рельефа на спланированной части летной полосы, произведены конструирование, расчеты по предельному допустимому относительному прогибу конструкции и прочности на растяжение при изгибе, а также сметный расчет стоимости возведения покрытия на взлетно-посадочной полосе группы участков А, спроектированы основные элементы водоотведения и дневная маркировка взлетно-посадочной полосы, были определены габариты перрона для Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð² Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÑƒÑˆÐ½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑƒÐ´Ð¾Ð², произведен расчет ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ‹ расстановки Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÑƒÑˆÐ½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑƒÐ´Ð¾Ð² приписного парка, утверждены размеры для площадок специального назначения, рассчитаны основные габариты ангара и утверждены параметры для Ñ€ÑƒÐ»ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐº, Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ñ‹Ðµ для расчета Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ„Ð¸Ð³ÑƒÑ€Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸ на генеральном плане., As a result of the graduate qualification work, the main technical solutions for the reconstruction of the Levashovo airfield were developed. The paper describes the main characteristics of the design area, in particular: location, terrain, climatic conditions, climatic characteristics according to regulatory documents, also dangerous meteorological events and geological processes, engineering-geological and hydro-geological conditions, a brief description of the existing elements of the airfield is given, a brief description of the assigned fleet of aircraft is given, the design type of aircraft is selected and the main characteristics of the airfield are determined in accordance with the regulatory requirements. I also wrote the decisions and measures necessary for the reconstruction of the runway in order to ensure the operating conditions of the airfield with the specified characteristics. In particular: the composition of the preparatory work, as well as the amount of work on the organization of the terrain on the planned part of the runway, the design, calculations on the maximum permissible relative deflection of the structure and the tensile strength during bending, as well as the estimated cost of the construction of the coating on the runway of the group of sections A, the basic elements of water disposal and the daily marking of the runway are designed, the dimensions of the apron for the specified types of aircraft were determined, the calculation of the layout scheme of the assigned fleet of aircraft was made, the dimensions for special-purpose platforms have been approved, the main hangar dimensions have been calculated, and the parameters for taxiways necessary for calculating their configuration on the master plan have been approved.

This article analyzes the current structure of aircraft parking positioning systems, and also analyzes the design of these systems. The authors consider this work as an analytical step for creating a software training model for visualizing the principles of the system.

El present projecte tracta de dimensionar un agent d'assistència en terra de rampa per donar servei a les companyies aèries del Grup TUI a l'Aeroport de Palma de Mallorca. L'estudi es basa en una anàlisi de la programació de vols a cobrir i l'anàlisi de les necessitats d'equips de serveis de terra per tipus d'aeronau a atendre. Amb tot això, es realitza un dimensionament dels mitjans necessaris per als pics d'activitat, avaluant els possibles contratemps a causa de retards. El presente proyecto trata de dimensionar un agente de asistencia en tierra de rampa para dar servicio a las aerolíneas del Grupo TUI en el Aeropuerto de Palma de Mallorca. El estudio se basa en un análisis de la programación de vuelos a cubrir y análisis de las necesidades de equipos de handling por tipo de aeronave a atender. Con todo ello, se realiza un dimensionamiento de los medios necesarios para los picos de actividad, evaluando los posibles contratiempos debido a retrasos. This project evaluates the sizing of a ramp agent to provide services to the TUI Group airlines at Palma de Mallorca Airport. The study is based on an analysis of the flight schedule to be covered and an analysis of the ground support equipment needed by type of aircraft to be served. With all of this, a sizing of the necessary ground support equipment is performed according to the peaks of activity, considering possible setbacks due to delays.

This study investigates the flow in an evolving scour hole downstream of a sluice gate with an apron using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results clearly depict the sequential appearance of four rollers (large vortices) and the evolving connections between the 1st-order moment (velocity) and the 2nd-order moments (turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress), during the three-stage (early, intermediate and equilibrium) scour process. At any scour stage, the velocity profiles on cross-jet sections exhibit global self-similarity, whereas those along the jet centerlines preserve self-similarity local to regions with significant average kinetic energy (AKE). Both the profile of the scour hole and the flow fields share self-similarity in terms of spatial distribution, when normalized with proper length and velocity scales. A substantial portion of energy is transferred from the fluid phase to the sediment phase as one of the primary factors for scour upon the incoming jet impinging on the bed, whereas turbulence is merely a secondary factor.

The present study investigated primarily the appropriate stone-sizing of on-grade riprap aprons, and more specifically whether the current INDOT design policy may be overly conservative especially within the context of smaller culverts. In the study, laboratory experiments were performed with two pipe diameters, D = 4.25 in (0.35 ft) and 5.75 in (0.48 ft), and four stone sizes, median diameters estimated to be d50 = 0.61 in, 1.22 in, 1.73 in, and 2.24 in, for a range of discharges and tailwater depths. Video records were made of the laboratory apron to detect stone-mobilization events, and stable and unstable cases were distinguished. Logistic regression was then applied to develop equations delineating the boundary between stable and unstable regions for different riprap size classes in terms of d50/D. These regression equations were then modified to ensure that they formed an ordered system in that each equation was more conservative than the next, to include a safety factor, and to set a minimum size for each size class consistent with the applicability of each equation. Procedures for applying the proposed equations are described. Compared to the current INDOT design policy, the proposed approach typically predicts a smaller standard riprap class required for apron stability. In an application to a sample of actual culverts, the proposed approach, including the recommended safety factors, yielded a smaller required standard INDOT riprap class in 75% of cases, but, in a small number of cases with very low relative tailwater depths, did recommend a more conservative design. Of the other two main approaches to stone sizing for riprap aprons, the HEC-14 model was rather restricted in its range of application, but where applicable it was found to be somewhat more conservative in its stone-size recommendation, though in practice the recommended riprap class largely agreed with the proposed approach. The results of the other main approach, that due to Bohan (1970), were more erratic, with the maximum-tailwater equation being too lax and the minimum-tailwater equation being generally too stringent. Both the HEC-14 and the Bohan models tended to be less conservative than the proposed approach for larger values of d50/D. A secondary aim of the study was an examination of the velocity field downstream of the outlet, and the possible implications for scour downstream of the apron. Point velocity measurements were obtained for four cases, all with the same 4.25-in diameter pipe, three of which involved the largest (d50 = 2.2 in) stone, and one over a smooth bed. In the three cases with a stone apron, the apron extended a distance of ≈9D downstream of the outlet. In all four cases, substantial velocities (maximum velociites greater than 70% of than the average outlet velocity) were observed beyond 4D (which is the minimum specified by INDOT design guidelines) and even beyond 8D (which is the largest apron length specified in HEC-14). A comparison between rough-bed and smooth-bed results indicated a measurable effect on maximum velocity due to the rough apron, but the reduction in maximum velocity is still likely insufficient to prevent scour downstream of the apron in most practical cases even if the apron extends to 9D.

A pandemic of an intense respiratory condition brought about by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which started first in Wuhan, China, presently known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), started in December 2019 has pulled in an exceptional measure of consideration around the world. A far-reaching knowledge on the prevention strategies is rudimentary for Health Care Providers (HCPs) when trying to ensure themselves, patients, associates and the overall population from this transmission of disease. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - which includes masks, coverall, aprons, and other additional outfits are one of the important prevention strategy and control for all healthcare staff including attendants. Understanding the usage of PPE will help HCPs to properly utilise PPE thereby, lessening redundant expense. A convenient comprehension on ideal utilisation of PPE and executing compelling preventive measures are critical for a good control of the disease and can assist clinicians with mitigating further transmission by taking appropriate measures.

One of the main task for engineer during design of hydraulic engineering structures is an accurate calculation of weir profiles in open streams. Modern technologies make it possible to obtain building materials that allow realization of the given shapes of the surface of dam structures. To increase the reliability of building structures elements of spillway vacuum-free dams, there is a need to improve methods of calculating configuration of the drainage surface in the area where it meets the apron. Subject: methods for calculating configuration of the drainage surface in the area where it connects with the apron. Research objectives: improvement of methods for calculating configuration of the drainage surface in the area where it meets the apron. Materials and methods: the method proposed in this article is based on the possibility of refinement of analytical definitions of the conjugation radius with allowance for the influence of the losses of the total mechanical energy of the falling streams due to the created turbulent stresses with the critical depths corresponding to the minimum energy on the intensity of dynamic effects of the flows onto the structures of spillway’s coupling elements. Results: the method of refined calculation of the circumference radius of the contour end section of vacuum-free weir of practical profile is proposed. Conclusion: the approach proposed in this research work can be used in hydrotechnical construction.

Introduction : Associations between breastfeeding and brain development, in the context of child, perinatal, and sociodemographic variables, remain unclear. This study investigated whether exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and total duration of breastfeeding were associated with brain white matter microstructure in young children. Methods : This study included 85 typically developing children (42 males) born to 83 mothers that were predominantly white, highly educated, and in high incomes households. Children underwent their first diffusion tensor imaging scan between ages 2.34-6.97 years; some children returned multiple times, providing a total of 331 datasets. Feeding information was collected from mothers at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum and at their child's scan to calculate breastfeeding status at 6 months (exclusive or not) as well as total duration of any breastfeeding. Linear regression was used to investigate associations between breastfeeding exclusivity/duration and fractional anisotropy (FA) for the whole brain and 10 individual white matter tracts. Results : Breastfeeding exclusivity and duration were associated with global and regional white matter microstructure, even after controlling for perinatal and sociodemographic factors. Greater exclusivity was associated with higher FA in females and lower FA in males. Conclusions : These findings suggest white matter differences associated with breastfeeding that differ by sex. These may stem from different trajectories in white matter development between males and females in early childhood and suggest possible long-term white matter differences associated with breastfeeding.

The different types of calcareous exotic clasts (fragments of pre-existing rocks), embedded in the Paleocene siliciclastic deposits of the Istebna Formation from the Beskid Mały Mountains (Silesian Unit, Western Outer Carpathians), were studied and differentiated through microfacies-biostratigraphical analysis. Calcareous exotics of the Oxfordian- Kimmeridgian age prevail, representing a type of sedimentation comparable to that one documented for the northern Tethyan margin. The Tithonian exotic clasts (Štramberk-type limestones), which are much less common, were formed on a carbonate platform and related slope. The sedimentary paleotransport directions indicate the Silesian Ridge as a main source area for all exotics, which were emplaced in the depositional setting of the flysch deposits. The exotics constitute a relatively rare local component of some debrites. Proceedings of the sedimentological facies analysis indicate that these mass transport deposits were accumulated en-masse by debris flows in a deep-water depositional system in the form of a slope apron. Exotics prove that clasts of the crystalline basement and, less common, fragments of the sedimentary cover, originated from long-lasting tectonic activity and intense uplift of the source area. Mass transport processes and mass accumulation of significant amounts of the coarse-grained detrital material in the south facial zone of the Silesian Basin during the Early Paleogene was due to reactivation of the Silesian Ridge and its increased denudation. Relative regression and erosion of the emerged older flysch deposits were also forced by this uplift. These processes were connected with the renewed diastrophic activity in the Alpine Tethys.

In the article on the basis of available literature, a comprehensive analysis all components of traditional folk women's and men's dress of Borzhavkys dolynians of the Transcarpathian of XIX – first half of XX century. This local-territorial center of the ethnographic group of Transcarpathian dolynians is divided into four ethnographic circles and covers separate villages of Svalyava, Irshava, Mukachevo and Vynohradiv districts. The article describes in detail the process of cutting women's shirts of the studied region: the status of the shirt, sleeves, upper chest of the front saw, decorative seams. The embroidery was decorated with a narrow collar, sleeves and cuffs. The embroidery of the women's shirts of Borzhavkys dolynians was distinguished by the color and structure of the ornamental composition. Dressed Borzhinskaya dolynian was easily distinguished in the crowd from the Romanian, the Hungarian, hutsulok, boutiques, lemkins and other local centers of the Transcarpathian valleys by separate constituents of folk dress or their constructive or decorative elements: neckline on the shirt, waist and lapel and hats, the gradual displacement of apron skirts, the absence of shoulder sleeves from factory fabrics. The set of traditional men's outfits of Borzhin valleys did not show such a variety of forms and decoration as women's clothing. The dolynian of the XIX – early XX centuries, dressed in festive attire in the crowd, Romanians, Hungarians, Hutsuls, bojkos and lemkos could be distinguished by a short shirt with wide sleeves, short, wide cloth pants, white dress pants., У статті на базі наявної літератури проведено комплексний аналіз всіх складових традиційного народного жіночого та чоловічого вбрання боржавських долинян Закарпаття ХІХ – першої половини ХХ ст. Даний локально-територіальний осередок етнографічної групи долинян Закарпаття поділяється на чотири етнографічні окружності та охоплює окремі села Свалявського, Іршавського, Мукачівського та Виноградівського районів. У статті детально описано процес крою жіночих сорочок досліджуваного регіону: стану сорочки, рукавів, верхньої нагрудної частини передньої пілки, декоративних швів. Вишивкою оздоблювали вузенький ошийник, рукави та манжети. Вишивка жіночих сорочок боржавських долинян виділялась, колоритом та структурою орнаментальної композиції. Одягнуту боржавську долинянку легко було виділити в натовпі від румунок, угорок, гуцулок, бойкинь, лемкинь та інших локальних осередків долинян Закарпаття за окремими складовими народного вбрання або їх конструктивними чи декоративними елементами: вирізом горловини на сорочці, поясним і верхнім плечовим вбранням, окремими елементами зачісок та головних уборів, поступовим витісненням спідниць фартухами, відсутністю плечового рукавного вбрання з фабричних матерій. Комплект традиційного чоловічого вбрання боржавських долинян не виявляв такої різноманітності форм та оздоблення як жіночий одяг. Долинянина ХІХ – початку ХХ ст., одягнутого у святкове вбрання у натовпі, румунів, угорців, гуцулів, бойків і лемків можна було виділити за короткою сорочкою з широкими рукавами, короткими, широкими полотняними штанами, білими сукняними штанами.

Purpose: Lead shielding in the forms of thyroid straps and apron are known as protection devices in medical imaging. Recent data and guidelines do not recommend the routine use of lead shielding in dentistry imaging even for pregnant women. This study was conducted to investigate whether the application of these shielding is appropriate in our dental radiography. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in five dental radiography centers that performed panoramic and intra oral imaging. A questionnaire consisting of five items was developed and technicians were asked to fill it out for a period of one month. Results: The results of this study showed that 72% of children and 70.3% of adults received protection by thyroid shielding. For 24% of children and 24.7% of adults no shielding was reported. In panoramic imaging of 55.5% children and 14.4% adult, thyroid shielding was used. Apron was applied for 33.3% of children and 54.4% of adults. No shielding was used for 11.1% of children and 30% of adults. Apron shielding in panoramic imaging for children was 33.3% and for adults 54.4% Conclusion: The results of this survey showed, in general, a routine behavior exists in shielding application for dental radiography which has not been updated. Then, it seems that there is a need for updating knowledge regarding appropriate use of thyroid and apron shielding for this imaging modality.

Pour guider les actions de gestion et de conservation d’une espèce menacée, il est indispensable d’acquérir des connaissances sur son écologie, et en particulier sur son régime et son comportement alimentaires. Dans le cadre du Plan national d’actions en faveur de l’apron du Rhône, des scientifiques d’Irstea et d'Aix-Marseille Université ont identifié certains paramètres clefs pour améliorer ou restaurer la capacité d’accueil du milieu sur le plan de la disponibilité des ressources trophiques. Ils ont pour cela mobilisé une approche très innovante qui associe d’une part le métabarcoding pour déterminer et quantifier le régime alimentaire de l’apron, et d’autre part un échantillonnage intensif des macroinvertébrés aquatiques benthiques de quatre rivières.

Grâce aux travaux réalisés par le Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Besançon sur la reproduction et l’élevage de l’apron en conditions artificielles contrôlées, plus de trente mille six cents juvéniles ont été relâchés dans la rivière Drôme entre 2008 et 2018 ! Le suivi génétique régulier de cette population réintroduite a montré qu’elle se reproduisait dans le milieu naturel. Les aprons nés en captivité ont permis d’améliorer les connaissances scientifiques sur la biologie de l’espèce et de sensibiliser un public nombreux lors d’expositions menées en France et en Suisse.

Resume Construction de barrages et de retenues artificielles, developpement d’un tourisme de type « bord de mer »..., la riviere du Verdon subit depuis le siecle dernier des pressions anthropiques croissantes qui impactent profondement le fonctionnement de l’ecosysteme aquatique. C’est dans ce contexte que le Parc naturel regional du Verdon a initie en 2010 un plan de gestion de la riviere du moyen Verdon associant les nombreux usagers et les acteurs de l’eau. La mise en place d’outils et d’operations de sensibilisation destines a proteger la population d’aprons fait partie integrante de ce plan de gestion.

White coat has been an identifying symbol for doctors; however certain other professions also use it. Additional purpose of this coat besides identification was to protect the doctor from acquired infections. Disputes arose about this attire, regarding effect of climatic conditions such as environmental temperature, humidity, personal attributions, patients and parent's opinion and also probably, as an agent which is said to be harboring various pathogenic organisms. Some studies or research work which has been carried out says that these organisms might play a role in nosocomial infections whereas, other studies refute it. Professional bodies have set up norms regarding place of wearing, hygiene and laundering about this apparel. In conclusion depending upon the conditions it can be inferred that at certain places, wearing of this apparel should be compulsory, whereas at other places it can be individualized. Various issues related to white coat are being discussed in this article

Ilustracije nastanejo kot odsev občutij avtorja samega. Ekspresionistične ilustracije še najbolj prikažejo ilustratorjevo doživljanje, saj gre za niz trenutnih doživetij, misli in dražljajev. Umetniki svoja opažanja prikažejo tako, da se osredotočijo na občutke, ki jih doživljajo. Te prikažejo z močnimi barvami in različnimi motivikami. Ženske so pogost motiv umetnikov, saj jim največkrat služijo kot muze in inspiracija za njihovo ustvarjanje. Feminizem je izraz za vse teorije, ideologije, gibanja in zavzemanja za boljše pravice žensk v družbi in večjo enakopravnost med spoloma. Ženske, ki se borijo za svoje politične, socialne in moralne pravice, ki se ne bojijo izpostaviti in glasno izraziti svoja prizadevanja, so dobile izraz feministke. Vendar feminizem ni samo politično gibanje, temveč predstavlja pogled na svet skozi oči žensk, in sicer njihovo počutje ob tem, ko njihove pravice niso kompatibilne z moškimi. Žensko telo je večkrat tarča seksizma in neprimernih pogledov, ženska sama odloča, kako ga bo oblačila ali pa razkazovala. Sposobna je ustvariti novo bitje in ga spraviti na svet. Linija je sled nekega gibanja, ki zvablja oči, da ji sledijo. To je tudi njena glavna likovna lastnost. Linije so lahko tudi zelo ekspresivne, saj z različno dinamiko risanja prikažemo razpoloženje. Konture lahko predstavljajo začetno fazo v slikarstvu ali pa nastopajo kot samostojna umetniška upodobitev. Čeprav je konturno upodabljanje zelo minimalistično, se je hkrati možno s to tehniko izražati, saj liniji tako dovolimo, da ustvari neko gibanje. Illustrations are the reflection of the author’s senses. Expressionistic illustrations reflect their inner experiences best, since they are a string of current experiences, thoughts and stimulus. Artists express their observations through the focus on the sensations they experience. These are then portrayed with bold colours and different motifs. Women are a recurrent motif of artists, being the muses and inspirations for their work. Feminism is the term applied for the theories, ideologies, movements and assertions for the improvement of women’s rights in society and equality among the sexes. Women who fight for their political, social and moral rights, are not afraid to expose themselves and speak up about their aspirations are deemed feminists. Feminism is not only a political movement it also represents an outlook on the world through the eyes of women, how they feel when their rights are not equal as those of men. The woman’s body is too often the target of sexism and inappropriate looks, but the woman alone decides how she will dress and show her body. She is capable of creating and delivering a new human being into the world. The line is a trace of movement, which is its main artistic characteristic, louring the eyes to follow. They can be very expressive, since the mood can be portrayed with different drawing dynamics. The contours can represent the beginning stage in painting or an independent artistic depiction. Even though contour depicting is very minimalistic, at the same time the technique enables one to express oneself, since the lines create some kind of movement.

The aeronautical industry is expanding after a period of economic turmoil. For this reason, a growing number of airports are facing capacity problems that can sometimes only be resolved by expanding infrastructure, with the inherent risks that such decisions create. In order to deal with uncertainty at different levels, it is necessary to have relevant tools during an expansion project or during the planning phases of new infrastructure. This article presents a methodology that combines simulation approaches with different description levels that complement each other when applied to the development of a new airport. The methodology is illustrated with an example that uses two models for an expansion project of an airport in The Netherlands. One model focuses on the operation of the airport from a high-level position, while the second focuses on other technical aspects of the operation that challenge the feasibility of the proposed configuration of the apron. The results show that by applying the methodology, analytical power is enhanced and the risk of making the wrong decisions is reduced. We identified the limitations that the future facility will have and the impact of the physical characteristics of the traffic that will operate in the airport. The methodology can be used for tackling different problems and studying particular performance indicators to help decision-makers take more informed decisions., Grupo de Transporte Aéreo - Grupo de Ingeniería Aplicada a la Industria

Large-scale water resources systems are often managed by an integrated set of hydraulic structures that are vulnerable to wider ranges of discharge and tailwater elevation than envisioned in their original design due to climate change and additional project objectives such as fostering healthy ecosystems. The present physical model study explored the performance of a spillway structure on the Kissimmee River, operated by the South Florida Water Management District, under extreme conditions of drought and flooding with accompanying low and high tailwater levels for both gate-controlled and uncontrolled spillway flow conditions. Maximum scour depths and their locations for two different riprap apron lengths downstream of the spillway stilling basin were measured along with the complex flow fields prior to scour. Effects of tailwater submergence, type of spillway flow and riprap apron length on scour results are interpreted in terms of the measured turbulent kinetic energy and velocity distributions near the bed.

Za izgradnju uzletno-sletne staze, okretišta i stajanke potrebno je uskladiti rad strojeva. Prije početka radova pripremljena je posteljica za izradu tampona i asfaltiranja. Poznati su nam poprečni presjeci na svim dijelovima gradilišta. Izvršena je podjela radova na faze, proračunati su učinci strojeva te je određen potreban broj strojeva kako bi gubitci vremena bili što manji., It is necessary to synchronize the work of construction machinery for construction of runway and apron. In order to start with our work on subbase and asphalt layering the subgrade was prepared. We have cross sections of all parts of construction site. Work has been organized into separate phases, the construction machinery has been synchronized and the number of machines has been defined in order to minimize time loss.

Gate sebagai akses yang digunakan untuk proses perpindahan penumpang dari terminal menuju ke sisi udara bandara. Dan sebaiknya untuk itu, pengaturan gate sangat berpengaruh dalam mengoptimalkan waktu pemakaian mulai dari pesawat mendarat hingga keberangkatan selanjutnya. Dalam evaluasi ketersediaanya gate terkadang hanya diperuntukkan untuk maskapai tertentu. Hal ini mempengaruhi jumlah gate yang tersedia. Adapun keterlambatan penerbangan yang terjadi juga dapat disebabkan oleh pengaturan gate yang kurang optimal, sehingga pesawat harus mengantri untuk lepas landas ataupun parkir di apron. Dalam mengevaluasi ketersediaan gate, maka dilakukan pengumpulan data aktivitas pesawat selama parkir di apron. Data yang diperoleh adalah data waktu block on dan block off, data penggunaan parking stand, dan jadwal penerbangan pesawat tiap maskapai. Data-data tersebut kemudian diplot sesuai jadwal penerbangan. Dari hasil plotting dapat diketahui gate-gate yang masih memungkinkan untuk digunakan. Dari hasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa dari 167 turnaround flight hanya 10 penerbangan yang dapat melakukan pelayanan ground handling secara on time. Dan dari hasil peramalan didapatkan di tahun 2025 gate sudah tidak dapat melayani secara optimal. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa jumlah gate belum memenuhi kebutuhan pergerakan pesawat yang beroperasi terutama pada peak hour.

To overcome over-prediction of the scour depths by existing methods, a mathematical model is developed based on a work transfer theory. This model predicts the equilibrium scour hole’s depth and length due to two-dimensional turbulent wall jets downstream of low-/high-head hydraulic structures. The work transfer theory states that the work done by the attacking jet flow is transferred to work done to remove the volume of the scoured bed material out of the scour hole. This results in an analytical nonlinear equation for predicting the equilibrium scour depth. This unique feature of the nonlinearity of the developed equation shows the mutual dependence of the scour geometry and flow hydrodynamics on each other. Non-circulating wall jet flows and re-circulating jet flows within the scour hole are both considered. A separate equation is developed for predicting the length of the scour hole. Field data at the Nile Grand Barrages in Egypt and the Shimen Arch Dam in China are used to validate the developed model. The developed equation was checked against laboratory data for scour downstream of a spillway for which a complete data-set exists. For scour downstream of grade control structures, an equation was derived from the low-head hydraulic structure equation and tested against laboratory data.

Kekuatan slab beton sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis material yang dipakai. Jenis material yang dimaksud adalah material beton dengan menggunakan PC (Portland Cement) dan penggunaan geopolimer dalam komposisi campuran slab beton. Beton geopolimer merupakan beton yang ramah lingkungan. Permasalahan lain yang timbul adalah letak roda pesawat tidak selalu berada pada titik yang sama disuatu permukaan slab beton apron. Pada tugas akhir ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis suatu slab beton yang dibebani roda pesawat dengan campuran variasi material beton dan variasi letak roda pesawat pada slab beton dengan program bantu metode elemen hingga. Dengan data pergerakan pesawat, spesifikasi apron bandara Juanda kondisi eksisting. Dilakukan perhitungan tebal slab beton menggunakan software FAARFIELD dan diperoleh tebal slab beton sebesar 442,5 mm. Dari analisis program bantu elemen hingga dapat diperoleh tegangan pada slab beton yang ditimbulkan oleh pembebanan roda pesawat. Hasil validasi dari analisis tegangan menggunakan program bantu elemen hingga dengan analisis Westergaard yaitu memiliki nilai tegangan yang hampir sama pada ketebalan slab beton 450mm. Nilai tegangan tiap-tiap material beton menunjukan nilai tebal slab beton yang diijinkan untuk tipe pesawat tertentu. Dari analisis menggunakan program bantu elemen hingga tebal slab beton yang diijinkan untuk material slab beton PC yaitu sebesar 425mm. Sedangkan untuk material beton geopolimer yaitu sebesar 415 mm.

Baigiamojo bakalauro projekto tema – daugiafunkcių kelnių konstrukciniai ir technologiniai sprendimai. Pagrindinė darbo idėja sukurti originalų ir universalų drabužį, skirtą jaunam kūribingam vyrui, kurio veikla siejasi su vaizduojamuoju menu, mėgstančiam netradicines idėjas ir vertinančiam laisvės pojūtį. Darbe projektuojamas asortimentas – laisvalaikio kelnės, su pažeminta vidurio siūle. Išanalizavus mados tendencijas ir analogų konstrukcijas, bei technologinius sprendimus, nuspręsta, kad racionalu siūlyti funkcionalumą gaminiui suteikiantį elementą – prisegamą/nusegamą prijuostę. Pagrindinė jos funkcija yra apsaugoti dirbančio kūrybingo žmogaus (dailininko, skulptoriaus) aprangą nuo sutepimo, patogiai susidėti daiktus. Siūlomas tradicinio kelnių asortimento priedas – prijuostė, gaminiui suteikia daugiafunkciškumą. Prijuostės detalė gaminį daro išskirtinį ir patrauklų drabužį mėgstantiems išsiskirti, todėl tam tikru atveju ji gali būti ir dekoratyvinė detalė. Baigiamajame projekte pateikiamas gaminio techninis eskizas ir siūlomi spalvinių sprendimų variantai, parinktos medžiagos ir pateikiami kokybės, ženklinimo ir pakavimo reikalavimai. Sudaryta vyriškų kelnių bazinė konstrukcija tipinei 178-92-78 figūrai, atlikti modeliniai pakeitimai. Naudojant APS Gerber Technology programą AccuMark, sudaryti gaminio lekalai, atliktas dauginimas 88-104 dydžiais, parengtos kelnių viršaus medžiagos detalių, įdūrų ir ąselių medžiagos, prijuostės viršaus medžiagos ir pamušalo išklotinės. Aptariama gaminio kokybės kontrolė. Pateikiama matų lentelė su nurodytomis matavimo vietomis bei leistinais matų nukrypimais. Daugiafunkcių kelnių technologijos dalyje parinkti gaminio apdorojimo įrengimai bei jų charekteristikos, sudarytos kelnių ir prijuostės apdorojimo elementariųjų operacijų eilutės. Apskaičiuojamas gaminio pagaminimui reikalingas laikas ir nustatytas technologinio proceso mechanizacijos lygis. Pabaigoje pateikiamos darbo išvados ir rekomendacijos., The topic of the final Bachelor thesis is Design and Technological Solutions of Multifunctional Pants. The main idea is to create original, broad spectrum, versatile pants for young creative man, who works with visual art, likes untraditional ideas and appreciates freedom. Therefore, the range of pants is casual clothes – Drop-Crotch style pants. After analysing fashion tendencies and design analogues of such style pants, it seems to be reasonable to offer an extra element which makes the pants functional – removable apron. The main functions of the apron are to protect man (painter, sculptor) from dirt, help to contain and store necessary tools. The traditional element of the pants is offered – apron which makes the product multifunctional. Moreover, the apron makes the pants look exclusive and attracts people who want to stand out, thus, it can be seen as a decorative detail as well. In the final project a sketch of the product, possible color options are included, materials are selected and the requirements of quality, labeling and packaging are listed. The basic construction of the pants is created for a typic man’s figure: 178-92-78. Moreover, modeling changes are done. By using APS Gerber Technology programme AccuMark the moulds of the product are created, multiplication for the sizes 88–104 is carried out, evolvents of the outside material of pants, jabs, tags, the apron and lining are developed. The control of the quality of the product is discussed. The table with indicated places of measurements and accesable deviations of measurements is created. In the technological part of the drop-crotch style pants the equipment for manufacturing the product is selected and their characteristics are discussed, the lines of elementary operations of pants and the apron are created. Finally, the time to manufacture the product is calculated and the mechanization level of the technological process is determined. In the end, the conclusions are done and recommendations are offered.

Diese Veranstaltung soll einen Bogen spannen zwischen Herausforderungen des Flughafenbetriebes und den Verfahren und Technologien aus dem Straßenverkehr

Straipsnio tyrimo objektas yra muziejiniai lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkiniai. Tikslas – pirmą kartą pristatyti MuCEM muziejuje Marselyje, Prancūzijoje, saugomą lietuviškos etnografinės tekstilės – prijuosčių – rinkinį, jo kaupimo istoriją, meninę raidą, pateikti technikų, medžiagų ir datavimo analizę. Siekiant šio tikslo spręsti šie uždaviniai: surinkti nauji duomenys apie lietuviškų prijuosčių demonstravimą 1900 m. pasaulinėje parodoje Paryžiuje ir jų patekimą į Lietuvos nacionalinį muziejų, apžvelgtos lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkinio formavimosi tendencijos Prancūzijos muziejuose, jų kaupimo istorija, bandyta išsiaiškinti jų įgijimo laiką ir asmenis, surinkusius tuos eksponatus, surinkti nauji duomenys apie XIX-XX a. pradžios lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkinį MuCEM muziejuje, identifikuotas ir susistemintas lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkinys MuCEM muziejuje, lyginant su Lietuvos muziejuose saugomais prijuosčių rinkiniais, išanalizuota MuCEM muziejuje Marselyje saugomų lietuviškų prijuosčių meninė raiška. Svarbiausi duomenys surinkti akademinės išvykos į Paryžių (2012.05.07–05.21) metu. Taip pat pateikiama archyvinė medžiaga iš Lietuvos nacionalinio muziejaus, Nacionalinio M. K. Čiurlionio muziejaus, Adelės ir Pauliaus Galaunių namų archyvo, Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos Mokslo ir kultūros paveldo centro Rankraščių skyriaus, Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Vrublevskių bibliotekos Rankraščių skyriaus. Metodai: istorinis chronologinis, aprašomasis analitinis, formaliosios analizės ir lyginamasis. Išvados: Lietuvių prijuostės kaip vienos iš dekoratyviausių lietuvių liaudies meno pavyzdžių nacionalinę šalies kultūrą užsienio parodose reprezentavo XIX a. pabaigoje – XX a. pirmojoje pusėje. Nauji duomenys papildo lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkinio kaupimo ir jo pristatymo 1900 m. pasaulinėje parodoje Paryžiuje istorijos faktografiją. MuCEM muziejaus lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkinio identifikavimas ir detalus aprašymas suteikia naujų duomenų įvairiems etnografinės tekstilės vertinimams. Publikuojama medžiaga ne tik atskleidžia įvairiapusius prijuosčių funkcionavimo visuomenėje aspektus, bet ir yra svarbus šaltinis tolimesniems Lietuvos kultūros tyrinėjimams. The Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations in Marseille (Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée, hereinafter – MuCEM) holds an extremely valuable 19th-20th c. collection of Lithuanian aprons, which has not yet been studied and described. Using data from performed research, the Lithuanian aprons were identified and the means by which they reached the French museum were discovered. This paper is the first to present the Museum of MuCEM’s collection of Lithuanian ethnographic textiles – aprons; it reviews the history of their accumulation, the time of their acquisition is identified, the institutions that gifted the exhibits are recognized (as well as the person who passed on the aprons), the artistic expression of the aprons is analysed, inventories are created (weaving techniques are indicated, colour combinations, dimensions). On 8 July 2005 the Museum of Man in Paris (Musée de l’Homme, founded in 1937, formed on the basis of the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadéro’s collections) deposited the collection from its European nation’s ethnographic department to the MuCEM museum. Thus, a unique Lithuanian ethnographic collection was transferred, consisting mostly of articles from the Lithuanian exposition of an exhibition held at the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadéro (Musée d’Ethnography du Trocadéro, founded in 1878) – in the Exposition Universelle of 1900 and Baltic folk art exhibitions (in 1935), as well as Lithuanian exhibits, presented by private donors. Until now in Lithuania it was not known how many exhibits make up the MuCEM museum’s apron collection. We know now that the Lithuanian apron set consists of ten units. In the Exposition Universelle of 1900 in Paris, at the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadéro, in the Russian Empire pavilion’s Lithuanian section, next to banned Lithuanian press publications, folk art wares were exhibited. The French people were most charmed by the exceptionally decorative aprons, which received special attention (the exhibition organizing committee assessed the performance of the weaver Ruškiūtė from Sasnava (Marijampolė county) and she won a prize for the aprons). The University of Vilnius Library’s Science and Cultural Heritage Centre’s Manuscript Department’s archival documents, relating to the 1900 exposition in Paris, revealed through whom and from what Lithuanian ethnographic regions (Aukštaitija, Suvalkija, Lithuania Minor) the aprons were collected. At the end of the Exposition Universelle of 1900 in Paris the Lithuanian Alliance of America (hereinafter – the LAA, established in 1886) on 5 November gave the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadéro a collection of ethnographic photos and items. The valuable Lithuanian artefacts, left behind at the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadéro, included 6 mannequins were dressed in the finest rural-region formal clothes (their fate is not known precisely, and they are still waiting for researchers). In searching for traces of Lithuanian exhibits in the museums of Paris, the author reviewed the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadéro’s and the Museum of Man’s European nations ethnographic department’s collections, thoroughly studied the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadéro’s and the Museum of Man’s archives at the National Museum of Natural History’s Central Library in Paris (hereinafter – BC MuNHN), but did not find any information on donated aprons. [...]

Straipsnio objektas yra muziejiniai lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkiniai. Tikslas – pirmą kartą pristatyti Lenkijoje, Krokuvos etnografijos muziejuje, saugomą lietuviškos etnografinės tekstilės – prijuosčių – rinkinį, jo kaupimo istoriją, meninę raidą, pateikti technikų, medžiagų ir datavimo analizę. Siekiant šio tikslo sprendžiami tokie uždaviniai: trumpai aptartos svarbiausios socialinės ir kultūrinės aplinkybės, nulėmusios prijuostės tapimą etninių tradicijų savitumo bei tautinės savimonės raiškos simboliu; surinkti nauji duomenys apie XIX-XX a. pradžios lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkinį Krokuvos etnografijos muziejuje; apžvelgta lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkinio Krokuvos etnografijos muziejuje kaupimo istorija, bandyta išsiaiškinti jų įgijimo laiką ir eksponatus surinkusius asmenis; identifikuotas ir susistemintas lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkinys Krokuvos etnografijos muziejuje; lyginant su Lietuvos muziejuose saugomais prijuosčių rinkiniais išanalizuota Krokuvos etnografijos muziejuje saugomų lietuviškų prijuosčių meninė raiška. Svarbiausieji duomenys surinkti mokslinės stažuotės Krokuvoje (2010-03-01 – 04-30) metu. Metodai: istorinis chronologinis, aprašomasis analitinis, formaliosios analizės ir lyginamasis. Išvados: XIX a. pabaigoje Rytų ir Vidurio Europoje pažintis su liaudies kūryba vyko per etnografines ekspedicijas, fiksuojant, renkant ir tyrinėjant tautodailę ne tik savo, bet ir gretimose bei tolimose šalyse. Kilęs susidomėjimas liaudies meno tradicijomis, tradicinių kaimo tekstilės amatų pavyzdžių tyrinėjimu, rinkimu, populiarinimu sudarė svarų pagrindą steigti muziejus, formuoti etnografinius tekstilės rinkinius. Lietuviškų prijuosčių kolekcionavimo istorija artimai susijusi su gyvenamojo laiko ir aplinkos kontekstu, žymiais visuomenės veikėjais, rinkusiais etnografinius eksponatus asmeninėms ir muziejinėms kolekcijoms. Tiriant išryškėjo, kad Krokuvos etnografijos muziejaus lietuviškų prijuosčių rinkinių identifikavimas ir detalus aprašymas suteikia naujų duomenų įvairiems etnografinės tekstilės vertinimams, leidžia nustatyti reprezentacinį jų pritaikymo pobūdį tautinio kultūrinio tapatumo raiškoje. Publikuojama medžiaga yra svarbus šaltinis tolesniems Lietuvos kultūros tyrinėjimams, plėtojant Lietuvos ir kaimyninių šalių kultūrinius ryšius. The aim of this article – for the first time to introduce the Krakow ethnographic museum in Poland, which stores a collection of Lithuanian ethnographic textiles–aprons–the history of the collecting process, artistic development, analysis of their technique, materials, and dating is provided. Key data was collected during a scientific internship in Krakow (1 March–30 April 2010). The most important source became Krakow’s ethnographic museum’s archives and this museum’s collection of Lithuanian aprons. For assistance in collecting data for this research work, I would like to sincerely thank the staff of the Museum of Ethnography in Krakow, Elżbieta Pobiegły and Ewai Rossal. At the end of the 19th century, Eastern and Central Europe acquainted itself with folk art by organizing ethnographic expeditions, gathering, collecting and studying not only their own folk art, but also in neighbouring and far-off countries. The rise of the interest in folk art traditions, exploration of traditional rural textile craft samples, their collecting, promotion, was a solid basis for the establishment of museums, development of ethnographic textile collections. Museum collections of Lithuanian aprons have a clear historical and cultural value. An apron as a cultural object embodies historical memory, represents the characteristics of life, customs, and religion. It is closely related to the context of the living time period and environment, historical persons (well-known public figures, political personalities, and so on) that helped in the collection of ethnographic artefacts–aprons–for Lithuanian and foreign museum collections. A large part of the Lithuanian ethnographic collection was accumulated up to the World War I. The apron collection under discussion is made up of 10 exhibits. Most of the aprons at Krakow Ethnographic Museum were collected in various ways: they were gifted by Lithuanian landlords, the population of Kaunas, the future president of inter-war Lithuania, Dr Kazys Grinius (Kazimierz Grzyniewicz), and a member of the Polish Society of Heritage Studies (Polskie Towarzystwo Krajoznawcze, founded in 1906.), Cecilia Śniegocka. Two of the aprons in the collection appeared in 1939, when they were taken over from the National Museum in Krakow; one apron (donated by Antonina Biegańska) came from the Krakow Technology and Industry Museum. Exhibit gifting deeds, inventory records and similar examples at Lithuanian museums, allow us to date the aprons to the 19-20th c. According to available data, one of the oldest exhibits is the apron MEK 10764, obtained in 1877. It was maybe worn a quarter of a century ago, or even earlier, meaning that it could have been woven around 1840-1850. Having come to the museum as valuable examples of Lithuanian ethnographic textiles, aprons reflect the Lithuanian weavers’ rationality and creativity, express their views, aesthetic taste and skill. Analysis of this set allows for better understanding of the 19-20th c. ethnographic regions of Lithuania (Samogitia, Dzūkija, Highland and Suvalkija) and their artistic expression, social and cultural aspects of the functioning of society, both in the context of Lithuania and neighbouring countries, as seen through aprons. The material collected and revised in Krakow will complement Lithuania’s apron’s (and the national costume’s) historiography, and allow a deeper and more comprehensive analysis of Lithuanian aprons.

O crescimento da demanda pelo transporte aéreo tem exigido ações para adequação da capacidade instalada nos aeroportos. Normalmente tais obras requerem vultosos recursos e trazem preocupações socioambientais. Uma ampliação em qualquer setor do aeroporto necessita uma visão sistêmica para garantir que a obra vai efetivamente propiciar ganhos ao aeroporto como um todo e não simplesmente se transferir o gargalo dentro do sistema. Neste artigo são mostrados os resultados dos cálculos das capacidades de dois subsistemas do lado aéreo dos vinte principais aeroportos brasileiros. Apenas em quatro aeroportos se mostra a ocorrência de um balanceamento entre as suas capacidades. Nos demais, um ou outro subsistema se caracteriza como limitante. Para esses casos, a ampliação da capacidade do aeroporto somente se viabiliza se as ações se voltarem para o subsistema limitado. In order to satisfy the continually growing demand for air transportation, further improvements has been demanded to increase airports' capacity. Usually, such effort requires significant resources, generating social and environmental concerns. When improving any airport facility, several systemic actions are required in order to ensure that such effort will actually be able to provide real benefits to the airport (as a whole), instead of just transferring the bottleneck through the system. In the present study, the operational capacities of two airside's subsystems are presented, showing those metrics for the top twenty Brazilian airports. As a result, only four of them indicate good balance between subsystems capacities, therefore, all the others are showing at least one subsystem that can be characterized as a bottleneck. For those cases, the expansion of the airport capacity is only possible through actions capable to solve capacity problems at the limited subsystem.

Pasiremiant archyvine, ikonografine medžiaga, publikuotais šaltiniais, taip pat XIX–XX a. pirmosios pusės ir XX a. pabaigos etnologinių ir liaudies meno tyrimų duomenimis, straipsnyje nagrinėjamas prijuostės polisemiškumas tradicinėje kaimo bendruomenės pasaulėžiūroje. Pasitelkus aprašomąjį, lyginamąjį ir interpretacinį tyrimo metodus, bandoma gretinti lietuvių, baltarusių ir lenkų prijuosčių panaudojimo variantus, išryškinti analogijas ir skirtumus. XIX–XX a. pirmosios pusės prijuosčių funkcijų įvairovė lietuvių ir gretimų tautų tradicinėje kaimo bendruomenės pasaulėžiūroje Lietuvos etnologų, menotyrininkų, kultūros istorikų iki šiol plačiau nenagrinėta. Detaliau beveik netirta ir prijuostės, kaip kultūros objekto, simbolika. Ši priežastis ir buvo postūmis panagrinėti prijuostę, atskleidžiant ir pristatant ją kaip daugiaprasmę visumą, kurios esmė ir nusakoma jos struktūros sudėtingumu, o struktūra – jos pagrindinėmis funkcijomis. Tyrimu siekiama papildyti semantines bei lyginamąsias lietuvių liaudies meno studijas, kurios yra aktualios Lietuvai, visais laikais išgyvenusiai kitų kraštų, ypač kaimyninių, poveikį. On the grounds of data from various sources and parallels from the international research on apron / textiles, the article focuses on the uses of apron in the rituals performed by the traditional rural community during the life-cycle and calendar festivals, disassociating from actions related to the religious symbols and the vernacular religious practices. In the 19th–beginning of the 20th century in Lithuania, just like in the neighboring countries, the festive apron used to perform both the utilitarian, the social denotative (a clear distinctive sign, providing information on its wearer not only as an individual, but also as a representative of a relevant social group, i.e. indicating the ethnic identity or belonging to a certain ethnographic region), the ethical (oriented and related to observations of the surroundings and the female behavior, revealing her values and judgments), the aesthetic (shaping the harmony of the traditional costume as a whole), and the apotropaic (ensuring the magic protection of both physical and spiritual state of the woman – the procreator, responsible for giving birth to the healthy offspring) function. In the worldview of the traditional rural community, the apron used to be endowed with additional connotations as well: it used to be related to various beliefs, most frequently associated with fertility. Such peculiarities of its use could most distinctly be visible in the wedding and birthing rites. In case of the upset living rhythms, like overdue weddings, or girls’ inability to get properly married, the apron used to become a significant attribute expressing the idea of fertility. Therefore the apron used to perform an important role during the calendar rites; it used to be spread on the ground / on the straw / on the church floor as a material on which a person was supposed to kneel down to carry out the ritual: to kiss the earth through the apron. It can thus be assumed, that such a custom was meant to invoke or ensure success for the coming year, with clear orientation towards the prospective marriage. Thus the discussed polysemic cultural object of the 19th – the first half of the 20th century – the apron – provides information not only on its direct use and functional purposes, but also on its other meanings, not dependant on its function. By acquiring the quality of symbol or sign, the apron used to be included into semiotic systems, communicating certain meaning and information. Thus not only meanings characteristic to the ethnic identity of the people used to be expressed (knowledge preserved by way of the living practices, enabling better conveyance of the national identity and peculiarity), but also the universal essentials, spotted not only in the worldview of the traditional Lithuanian rural community, but also in that of the neighboring countries.

Based on double-dosemeter readings, a conservative effective dose (E) estimation algorithm for lead apron workers in interventional radiology is proposed. Typical radiation conditions for various exposure geometries were simulated using the MCNPX 2.4.0 code. The simulation model consisted of an X-ray source and image intensifier, a patient phantom and a voxelised staff member phantom with lead apron. The effective staff dose and dosemeter readings for several positions of the worker were calculated. The effective dose to a physician, positioned in close proximity to the primary beam, can be estimated within a 10% underestimation margin by E = 1.64 H(p)(10)thorax,under + 0.075 H(p)(10)neck,over. The dose to the eye lens can be estimated by a dosemeter reading at collar level (R2 = 0.98).