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The aetiology of OSCC remains unclear, however, aberrant methylation of CpG island promoters of tumor suppressor genes have been identified as contributory developmental pathways in several cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of RUNX3 gene methylation and how its association with patients? demographic variables such as gender, age, histologic class and tumor location could be of diagnostic value for OSCC. Sixty-seven formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) solid tissue blocks of OSCC, and nine blocks of benign oral lesions of epithelial origin retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, South-West Nigeria were used for the analyses. Frequency of CpG island methylation in the promoter region of RUNX3 was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Association between gender, age, tumor location, histologic class and promoter methylation in RUNX3 was assessed with Pearson?s ?2 test. Overall, 45% (30/67) of OSCC demonstrated methylation in the RUNX3 promoter indicating a high frequency of methylation of the CpG island promoter region of RUNX3. There was no association between gender, age, histologic class and promoter methylation in RUNX3 (P > 0.05), however a significant association was observed between tumor location and promoter methylation of RUNX3 (P < 0.05). Aberrant methylation of the CpG island promoter region of RUNX3 together with tumor location could therefore be critical in the development and diagnosis of OSCC.

Effective control and management of severe malaria cases depends on a clear understanding of the local epidemiological factors and specific clinical manifestations of the disease in the different endemic regions.To determine the prevalence of severe malaria and epidemiological factors that affect the development of malaria anaemia.A cross-sectional survey was carried out among children below 5 years of age, at the Adeoyo State Maternity Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Questionnaires and case histories were taken from patients clinically diagnosed of malaria. Thus, 372 volunteers were recruited into the study from the 3131 paediatric cases that reported over the 10-week period to the out-patient department (OPD) of the hospital. 229 (61.6%) of the recruited volunteers presented with fever (37.5 degrees C) at consultation. These had malaria parasite and PCV tests done.Clinical diagnosis was confirmed microscopically in 78% (290/372) for Plasmodium infection using thick film slides. Anaemia (PCV28%) prevalence was 28.2%. Factors that contributed to the rapid progression of uncomplicated malaria to severe status included: age of the child, level of parasitaemia, careless response and attitude of parents or guardians to fever in the children; parents' preoccupation with their jobs or other healthy children and unwillingness to use available health facilities.The study underscores the need for community involved partnership for malaria control especially through health education for the home management of malaria, especially among those experiencing some form of inequity in access to healthcare.