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Background: Comorbid cardiovascular and bronchoobstructive diseases worsens disease course and prognosis and causes difficulties in therapy. Effectiveness 2-agonists (cornerstone of bronchoobstructive pathology treatment) depends on -adrenoreceptors state. Therefore, a detailed study of the functional state of beta-adrenoreceptors is necessary. Aim: to evaluate the relationship of changes in the characteristics of 1- and 2-adrenoreceptors, against the background of the use of 2-agonists in patients with cardiovascular and bronchoobstructive diseases with clinically significant parameters. Methods: In the pilot single-center prospective study during 2.5 years 45 patients (15 with cardiovascular and 30 with bronchoobstructive diseases) were included. Anamnestic data and complaints were collected and laboratory and instrumental studies were performed. Modified radioligand analysis on blood T-lymphocytes using radiolabeled Cyanopindolol and unlabeled selective ligands (ICI 118551, CGP 20712) before and after salbutamol and formoterol was performed and the binding activity of 1- and 2-adrenoreceptors was determined. Results: The correlation analysis between clinically significant parameters and changes in the specific binding index of 1- and 2-adrenoreceptors confirmed its clinical relevance. In test with beta-agonists in cardiovascular and bronchoobstructive diseases patients, an increase in the specific binding index of 1-adrenoreceptors is associated with clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters of a favorable course of the disease, and an increase in the specific binding index of 2-adrenoreceptors is associated with negative. In the cardiovascular group without bronchoobstructive diseases with salbutamol an increase in the specific binding index of 1-adrenoreceptors was associated with parameters of unfavorable disease course, while an increase in the specific binding index of 2-adrenoreceptors did not have a clear associative relationship with clinical characteristics. Conclusions: The association of changes in the specific binding index of 1- and 2-adrenoreceptors in patients with cardiovascular and bronchoobstructive diseases with clinically significant parameters during acute tests with short- and long-acting 2-agonists was revealed, which in the future may provide an opportunity to identify patients with an unfavorable course of the disease.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of various viral respiratory pathogens spreading during the epidemic season 20212022 and the frequency of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. AIM: To assess the development of the influenza epidemic and frequency of cases of co-infection with respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory viral infections between 2021 and 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Traditional and hospital epidemiological surveillance methods for acute respiratory viral infections were used. RESULTS: The epidemic season of 20212022 was characterized by the early activity of the influenza A(H3N2) virus and the emergence and rapid spread of the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. The distribution of different respiratory pathogens during the epidemic season 20212022 was clearly traced: SARS-CoV-2 (18.8%) was predominant, followed by influenza viruses (10.6%) and pathogens of other acute respiratory viral infections (0.43.7%). With respect to influenza A (H3N2) and B viruses, the heterogeneity of their populations and drift variability in relation to vaccine strains were noted. DISCUSSION: The frequency of co-infection with various respiratory pathogens was low, i.e., it was no more than 0.1%according to traditional surveillance, and no more than 9.2% in the hospital surveillance. The rationale for updating the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries in the Northern Hemisphere for 20222023 season was identified. CONCLUSION: At present, early diagnosis of influenza is important given the availability of effective drugs with a direct mechanism of action for the prevention and treatment of this pathogen. Timely use of anti-influenza drugs will reduce the risks of a severe course, complications, and death, including co-infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is a powerful technique to understand atomic scale structure in materials science. Unlike X-ray diffraction (XRD)-based PDF analysis, the PDF calculated from electron diffraction patterns (EDPs) using transmission electron microscopy can provide structural information from specific locations with high spatial resolution. The present work describes a new software tool for both periodic and amorphous structures that addresses several practical challenges in calculating the PDF from EDPs. The key features of this program include accurate background subtraction using a nonlinear iterative peak-clipping algorithm and automatic conversion of various types of diffraction intensity profiles into a PDF without requiring external software. The present study also evaluates the effect of background subtraction and the elliptical distortion of EDPs on PDF profiles. The EDP2PDF software is offered as a reliable tool to analyse the atomic structure of crystalline and non-crystalline materials.

INTRODUCTION: Certain mineral elements dismetabolism is known to play an important part in the pathogenesis of the corneal degenerative and dystrophic diseases, as metalloenzymes participate in connective tissues metabolism affecting their properties. Thus, in keratoconus corneal tissue is depleted in iron, copper and zinc, what could be the underlying cause of cornea biomechanical properties impairment. Keratoconus modeling is complicated and practically not reproducible in animals, therefore cell models elaboration is very much in demand. Definite mineral elements content must be reduced in order to simulate pathological changes specific for keratoconic corneas. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was an elaboration of a cell model suitable for keratoconus pathogenesis research. This goal achieving involved solving the following tasks: 1) to develop a tissue-engineered system that mimic healthy corneal stroma; 2) to develop a technique for selective depletion of the nutrient medium by mineral elements involved in keratoconus pathogenesis; 3) to assess the possibility of the designed tissue-engineered system growth in the depleted nutrient medium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out with the primary culture of human keratocytes, which were used to build tissue-engineered systems of three types: on silicone, on a membrane, without a carrier. Cell cultures morphology was evaluated by light and electron microscopy. The nutrient media were zinc depleted via decationization of fetal bovine serum using two types of ion-exchange resins; mineral elements concentrations were evaluated by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The tissue system engineered without a carrier in form of cell sheet was chosen as the most convenient model. The decationization of the serum by means of Chelex 100 resin was shown to be a successful method for tenfold zinc concentration reduction in the nutrient medium. Keratocytes cultivation in the form of cell sheet on a zinc-depleted medium was successfully approved. CONCLUSION: Elaborated tissue-engineered system could be considered as a model of the corneal stroma under specific for keratoconus conditions of zinc depletion.

Introduction: The purpose of this work is to review the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of PH, as well as modern established methods of treatment of various types of PH and to consider new, most relevant and promising possibilities of therapy for this pathology. Etiology, pathogenesis and epidemiology: In the modern structure of diseases, pulmonary hypertension plays a significant role, affecting about 1% of the population. However, each of its five main groups has its own characteristics. The causes of pulmonary hypertension can be a polyetiological violation of the processes of endotheliocyte apoptosis and angiogenesis, passive transmission of increased pressure from the left heart to the small circulatory system, chronic hypoxia, leading to vascular remodeling, and many others. In general, it is worth noting that, despite the multiplicity of etiological factors, the main pathogenetic link in the development of pulmonary hypertension is endothelial dysfunction. Treatment and promising areas of research: This article discusses the main established approaches to the treatment of pulmonary hypertension: general recommendations for patients, drugs used as supportive nonspecific therapy, as well as specific conservative and radical methods of treatment. In addition, the main modern directions of scientific research in the field of treatment of pulmonary hypertension are described. Such promising methods as the use of stem cells, gene therapy and epigenetic drugs are considered. Conclusion: Despite active research and many different drugs intended for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, this pathological condition remains an urgent health problem. Thus, the search for new points of application of therapy and fundamentally new methods of treatment of pulmonary hypertension remains relevant to this day.

This article presents information about Nikolay Alexandrovich Sosnin, a pioneer of endoscopic operative gynecology in the Arkhangelsk region. On March 10, 2022, he would have turned 70 years old. For more than 30 years, he was the head of the gynecological department of N.A. Semashko Northern Medical Clinical Center (Arkhangelsk, Russia). N.A. Sosnin introduced laparoscopic technology into the practice of gynecologists in the Arkhangelsk region.

In recent years, the attention of scientists has been actively focused on studying the role of endocan as a biological marker of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. Until recent years, endocan has been studied in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal replacement therapy. Endocan, formerly known as endothelial cell-specific molecule-1, is a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan expressed and secreted into the circulation from endothelial cells. Currently available studies demonstrate the diagnostic and prognostic value of endocan evaluation in cardiovascular pathology. It is expected that further scientific and clinical studies will demonstrate the possibilities of using endocan as an additional laboratory tool for diagnosing and assessing the prognosis in patients with a cardiac profile. Drug regulation of endocan concentration and expression may be a promising target for the treatment of cardiac and vascular pathology.

Patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (age, male gender, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity) belong to a particularly vulnerable cohort characterized by progressive severe COVID-19 and high hospital mortality. Thorough screening strategies, standardized guidelines, and center-level protocols are needed to identify patients who are at greater risk of postoperative complications and mortality. Therefore, in this review, we consider the possible impact of COVID-19 on the patency of bypass vessels in the coronary arteries, mainly in relation to venous shunts. However, this hypothesis needs to be confirmed and further studied in the framework of clinical randomized trials.

We argue that results produced by a heuristic optimisation algorithm cannot be considered reproducible unless the algorithm fully specifies what should be done with solutions generated outside the domain, even in the case of simple bound constraints. Currently, in the field of heuristic optimisation, such specification is rarely mentioned or investigated due to the assumed triviality or insignificance of this question. Here, we demonstrate that, at least in algorithms based on Differential Evolution, this choice induces notably different behaviours in terms of performance, disruptiveness and population diversity. This is shown theoretically (where possible) for standard Differential Evolution in the absence of selection pressure and experimentally for the standard and state-of-the-art Differential Evolution variants, on a special test function and the BBOB benchmarking suite, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that the importance of this choice quickly grows with problem's dimensionality. Differential Evolution is not at all special in this regard - there is no reason to presume that other heuristic optimisers are not equally affected by the aforementioned algorithmic choice. Thus, we urge the heuristic optimisation community to formalise and adopt the idea of a new algorithmic component in heuristic optimisers, which we refer to as the strategy of dealing with infeasible solutions. This component needs to be consistently: (a) specified in algorithmic descriptions to guarantee reproducibility of results, (b) studied to better understand its impact on an algorithm's performance in a wider sense (i.e. convergence time, robustness, etc.) and (c) included in the (automatic) design of algorithms. All of these should be done even for problems with bound constraints.

A set of novel 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes terminated by two 7-(arylethynyl)-1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene fragments was prepared via the Glaser–Hay oxidative dimerization of 2-ethynyl-7-(arylethynyl)-1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalenes. The oligomers synthesized in this way are cross-conjugated systems, in which two conjugation pathways are possible: π-conjugation of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN) fragments through a butadiyne linker and a donor–acceptor aryl–C≡C–DMAN conjugation path. The conjugation path can be “switched” simply by protonation of DMAN fragments. X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are applied to analyze the extent of π-conjugation and the efficiency of particular donor–acceptor conjugation path in these new compounds. X-ray structures and absorption spectra of doubly protonated tetrafluoroborate salts of the oligomers are also discussed.

The creation of a socially comfortable urban environment is crucial for reducing health risks among the population. Numerous foreign studies have shown that urban infrastructure such as buildings, transportation, street design, public spaces, and access to resources such as healthy food, recreational areas, and places for physical activity have a significant contribution to the health of urban residents. In Russia, the evidence on this topic is still scarce. Therefore, it is important to introduce the research methodology of the first Russian study on the associations between urban environment and population lifestyle. The aim of this article is to describe the rationale for the study, the study design, and the methodology of a comprehensive assessment of the municipal infrastructure that affects the health of the population. Additionally, the article will analyze the association between infrastructure and lifestyle to create a unified preventive environment at the municipal level. This will lead to the development of a comprehensive intersectoral health promotion program that takes into account the risk factors for the health of the population in a specific municipality.

Aim to evaluate the individual characteristics of the hemostatic system and lungs CT-scan data in patients with a new coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19, depending on the severity of the disease. Material and methods.A comparative analysis included the results of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory examination of 209 COVID-19 patients divided in two groups: in-patients of the Samara State Medical University Clinics with moderate (n=106) and severe (n=103) course of the disease. The diagnosis was verified by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The following indicators were analyzed: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), epidemiological history, clinical signs of the disease, severity, degree of lung damage according to the results of computed tomography (CT). Results.There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of gender and age characteristics, as well as epidemiological data of COVID-19 patients. In 91% of patients with severe COVID-19, the clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic syndrome were recorded in the form of ecchymoses at injection sites, and in 75% - in the form of bleeding of various localization. The changes in the hemostatic system in patients with severe COVID-19 were characterized by high levels of platelets, INR, APTT, fibrinogen and a decrease in PI. In patients with severe COVID-19, a positive correlation was established between the level of fibrinogen, INR, APTT, PI and consolidation of lung tissue, as well as between the level of INR, APTT, PI and the presence of lung lesions in the form of "ground-glass" opacities on the CT images.

Introduction. The work of medical personnel in the extreme conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is related to the impact of nervous and emotional labor tension, high visual loads, which contributes to the formation of fatigue and overwork and requires the attention of labor physiologists. The study aims to substantiate the methodology of physiological assessment of functional fatigue of medical workers during work in a covid hospital to determine the duration of periods of work in a pandemic. Materials and methods. Comprehensive physiological and hygienic studies of the medical staff of the covid hospital during 6 months of work were aimed at a physiological study of the state of the cardiovascular system with the study of the characteristics of the response to stress loads (ECG registration on a 12-channel electrocardiograph and continuously using Holter monitoring, determination of the vegetative Kerdo index and Kvass endurance coefficient), the study of psychological conditions, hygienic assessment of the intensity of the labor process. The researchers have studied the physiological state of the central nervous system and the visual analyzer according to generally accepted methods. The authors have studied the features of neurohumoral regulation (the main mediator of the stress-implementing system — cortisol) in medical workers. We have carried out a total of 1728 measurements of psychophysiological indicators. The scientists carried out statistical data processing of the received data using statistical programs Statistika 10, Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. The researchers found that indicators of the functional state of the cardiovascular system, reflecting the degree of adaptation of the body of medical workers to industrial activity, can be used to determine physiologically justified work periods in a pandemic, further accumulation of scientific data and risk assessment of medical workers. After four months of work in medical organizations with COVID-19, the formation of an unfavorable functional state in medical personnel is reflected in changes in ECG and systemic blood pressure, increased detrenability of the cardiovascular system, the predominance of sympathetic influences. Limitations. There are quantitative restrictions due to the number of medical staff of the hospital with COVID-19. Conclusion. Pronounced loads on the visual analyzer when watching video terminal screens against the background of nervous and emotional labor tension are the leading professional factors and determine the formation of the functional state of overwork (third degree) in the medical staff of the hospital with COVID-19. Ethics. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (Protocol No. 4 of 04/14/2021).

AIM: to study the cytokine link of immunity in patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the possibility of using these data to predict the risk of lung tissue damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with diagnosed new coronavirus infection COVID-19 were divided into 4 groups depending on the severity of the disease: 1 asymptomatic patients; 2 patients with lung tissue damage in the amount of 25%; 3 patients with lung tissue damage 50%; 4 patients with lung tissue damage 75% (according to the results computed tomography). Immunological studies were performed upon admission to the clinic, then after 7 days and before discharge. The concentration of cytokines in blood serum was studied by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using kits manufactured by Vector Best. RESULTS: In all groups, a low content of proinflammatory cytokines was found: tumor necrosis factor and interferon-, interleukin-1, interleukin-2. The median level of interleukin-6 in all groups during the entire follow-up period was within the normal range, however, in some patients there was a multiple excess of its concentration. In groups with 50% and 75% lung tissue damage, an increase in the concentration of interleukin-8 was shown. Statistically significant differences were noted only for the level of interleukin-8 between the group with an asymptomatic form of infection and the CT-2 and CT-3 groups. It was found that the concentration of interleukin-1 below 3.58 pg/ml is a significant risk factor for severe disease. In all groups of subjects, low levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 were noted, while there was no significant difference between the groups. Positive correlations were revealed between the degree of lung tissue damage and the level of interleukins 6, 2 and 8. Negative correlations were established between the degree of lung tissue damage and the content of interleukin-1. CONCLUSION: There was no significant activation of the cytokine link of adaptive antiviral immunity in the examined contingent. Serum cytokine levels were within normal values and had no significant intergroup differences. An increase in IL-8 in groups with clinically pronounced signs of infection indicates the activation of indicators characterizing innate immunity.

In this article I go into the structure of the polysemy of synonymous Old East Slavic function words ati(at’) and oti(ot’) on the base of original texts from OES subcorpus and the subcorpus of birch bark letters of the Russian National Corpus. In these texts regarded words can function as optative particles and as conjunctions of the purpose and complement clauses; the word ati(at’) can also be used as a conditional conjunction. The range of usages of the synonyms regarded appears to be wider than one described in OES dictionaries. Sometimes we can identify the meaning of these lexemes uniquely and in other cases the meaning lies between labeled semantic categories. It seems to be possible to describe the sequence of semantic changes: the purpose meaning has formed from the optative one, and then the conjunction of the complement clauses has formed from the purpose conjunction. The optative and the conditional meaning were expressed firstly by the particle awhich converged later with the particle ti into a single function word.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) offers great potential to identify and quantify Mn species in surface environments by means of linear combination fit (LCF), fingerprint, and shell-fit analyses of bulk Mn XAS spectra. However, these approaches are complicated by the lack of a comprehensive and accessible spectrum library. Additionally, molecular-level information on Mn coordination in some potentially important Mn species occurring in soils and sediments is missing. Therefore, we investigated a suite of 32 natural and synthetic Mn reference compounds, including Mn oxide, oxyhydroxide, carbonate, phosphate, and silicate minerals, as well as organic and adsorbed Mn species, by Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The ability of XAS to infer the average oxidation state (AOS) of Mn was assessed by comparing XANES-derived AOS with the AOS obtained from redox titrations. All reference compounds were studied for their local (

Introduction. Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic gram-negative microorganism, currently has been detected with increasing frequency in various clinical biomaterials from sick persons is the causative agent of nosocomial infections. The aim of the work is to determine microbiological and clinical features of S. marcescens in bloodstream infections in children. Materials and methods. Nineteen isolates of S. marcescens were isolated from blood cultures. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by broth microdilution method. Carbapenemase gene were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Biofilm formation was studied on abiotic surfaces using polystyreneplates. Population diversity was determined by multilocus genotypic analysis. Results. Carbapenems, fosfomycin and biseptol showed the highest antimicrobial activity in vitro. Resistance to aminoglycosides, aztreonam, cefepime, and ticarcillin/clavulanate was over 50%. According to PCR data, only OXA-48 carbapenemases were found in 11% of isolates, NDM — in 5%, and a combination of carbapenemases — in 15%. Biofilms of moderate intensity were formed in 13 (68%) isolates, and weak biofilms — in 6 (32%). According to the genotypic analysis, a large proportion of isolates with multiple resistance were included in one group. All of them were singled out over one year from one department — perhaps there was a single source. In 3 cases, patients were diagnosed with sepsis, 1 of them had an unfavourable outcome. Bacteremia occurred on the 3rd day after the initial isolation of S. marcescens. An unfavourable outcome occurred on the 10th day of bacteremia. S. marcescens in this case had multiple resistance and a combination of resistance genes, also belonged to genotypic group I, which is often found in our work. Conclusion. S. marcescens in bloodstream infections is a serious problem for pediatric patients. Natural resistance to polymyxins, as well as acquired resistance to carbapenems and aminoglycosides, cause particular alertness and attention to this microbial agent.

Background. Embryo implantation failure remains an urgent issue of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Aim. To determine the effect of intrauterine irradiation with a non-ablative erbium laser on the endometrium state using the histological and immunohistochemical examination and to evaluate its effectiveness in ART cryo-protocols. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 25 women aged 2645 with 1 to 5 failed implantations who were planning a pregnancy in a cryopreserved embryo transfer protocol. On days 610 of the menstrual cycle, all patients underwent a single procedure of intrauterine irradiation of the endometrium and cervical canal mucosa with an erbium laser in a non-ablative mode using Fotona SP Dynamis laser system (Slovenia). The histological and immunohistochemical data of the endometrium before and 12 months after the procedure and the pregnancy rate with subsequent transfer of the cryopreserved embryo were assessed. Results. Intrauterine irradiation with a non-ablative erbium laser increased the proliferative activity of the endometrium (p=0.029), the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (p=0.029), reduced the sclerosis lesions in the spiral arteries and endometrial stroma, increased the expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors, thus significantly increasing the effectiveness of the ART cryo-protocols (p=0.013).

At the moment, the problem of infertility does not lose its relevance. In the structure of this disease, the violation of reproductive function in women is dominant. The present study is devoted to the study of the influence of concomitant extragenital pathology on the success of assisted reproductive technology procedures. The data of 184 women who underwent infertility treatment by ART methods in clinics of the Volgograd region in the period from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed. The following parameters of the patients were studied: age, gynecological history, the main cause of infertility, transferred diseases of non-productive organs, the protocol of ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins, the number of mature follicles by the end of stimulation, the number of received, fertilized eggs, the number of embryos by day 3, 5. It has been established that concomitant extragenital pathology affects the processes of folliculogenesis and qualitatively affects oogenesis.

Introduction. Dystonia is a syndrome with location of pathological mechanisms in the central nervous system. The clinical manifestation of the syndrome is dystonic hyperkinesis with the formation of increased muscle tone, which may be associated with changes in cellular metabolism. Aim is to evaluate the indicators of energy metabolism in the muscles involved in dystonic hyperkinesis and compare with the severity of dystonia in patients with idiopathic muscular dystonia. Materials and methods. There were examined eighty four patients diagnosed with idiopathic muscular dystonia, including 17 men (20.2%) and 67 women (79.8%). In 38 cases there was cervical muscular dystonia, 36 and 10 cases showed segmental and generalized forms of dystonia with predominance of cervical dystonia syndrome, respectively. The average age of patients was 46 ± 11 among men and 52 ± 11 among women. The control group included 10 conditionally healthy individuals with an average age of 53.0 ± 13.4 years. The severity of cervical dystonia was assessed by the TWSTRS and Tsui scales. All participants of the study underwent biopsy sampling from the trapezius muscle, followed by determination of the level of ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid), lactate and 2,3 DPH (2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid). Results. The results of the study revealed changes in the bioenergetics of muscle tissue in the form of a decrease in ATP and 2,3-DPH and an increase in lactate levels that did not correlate with the severity of dystonia on the TWSTRS and Tsui scales. Conclusion. Thus, bioenergetic changes in muscle tissue are not associated with the severity of dystonia and probably reflect general changes in the organization of intracellular energy metabolism in muscles in a hypertonic state.

Currently, much attention is paid to healthy aging and aspects affecting it, such as, for example, oral health. Oral health determines the social, physical and mental well-being of an elderly person. A large proportion of the dentists patients are elderly people with numerous concomitant chronic somatic diseases who regularly take numerous medications. Along with this, this category of people is characterized by specific dental symptoms and syndromes. The review analyzes geriatric syndromes associated with oral health problems. It is proposed to include questionnaires to identify dental problems in a comprehensive geriatric assessment.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is often not diagnosed as a preventable disease. The primary physician needs a diagnostic tool to detect chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at an early stage. AIM: To develop the concept of early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through a diagnostic tool that stratifies patients according to the risk of disease development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Random sample of persons 3570 years from the lists provided by 15 polyclinics of Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk (cross-sectional study, n = 2388). Cohort prospective study (respondents with fixed or variable obstruction, n = 167). All respondents were asked about demographic data, smoking history, risk factors, and the presence of symptoms. Spirometry with a bronchodilator was performed for all participants. RESULTS: Fixed obstruction was found in 6.8% of the participants in the first phase; obstruction was associated with male sex, smoking status over 10 packs/years, age over 55 years, chronic cough and shortness of breath. Of the 65 members of the cohort with variable obstruction, 23.1% had a fixed obstruction after a year, the risk factors of which were a smoking status of more than 10 packs/years, a night cough and forced expiratory volume in 1 second less than lower limit of normal. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the two phases of the study, a diagnostic tool was developed for the early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the general population by identifying a group of people with preserved lung function and high-risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease factors.

The Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) is the etiologic agent of one of the most common infectious diseases among children, chickenpox. In its recurrent form it may cause a far more devastating disease, Herpes zoster. The disease can be manifested as conjunctivitis, episcleritis, scleritis, keratitis, anterior uveitis. Chorioretinal lesions may occur in patients with immunosuppression. A 14-year-old male patient has been admitted to the Ophthalmologic center after S.V. Malayan with complaints of visual decrease, redness and pains. In the history of the patient the transferred chickenpox was marked a few months ago. By biomicroscopic and fundoscopic examination conjunctival hyperemia, corneal precipitates, severe inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber, sectoral iris atrophy, posterior synechiae, yellow-white multifocal, peripheral lesions on the fundus of both eyes and pigmented macular scar in the right eye were found out. Laboratory tests showed high levels of anti-VZV IgG. Treatment was prescribed in the form of local instillations and subtenon injections, as well as antiviral tablets. As a result of treatment, remission of inflammatory process and improvement of visual acuity were registered. The specific characteristic of present case study is the description of single clinical manifestations of Herpes zoster, which are necessary to detect for correct and timely treatment.

Background: Despite extensive knowledge in nutritional sciences, micronutrient deficiencies and an excessive nutrient intake causing overweight and obesity remain a critical challenge. Objective: To develop proposals for improving the food basket of the population of the Rostov Region in view of the regional specifics. Materials and methods: In spring–summer 2022, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey involving 2,168 workingage residents (962 men and 1,206 women aged 18–65 years) on 55 territories of the Rostov Region. Actual nutrition was assessed based on the reported 24-hour food intake data. Information about the availability of dietary supplements and fortified foods in the retail network was retrieved from the reports prepared by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Rostov Region. Results: Our findings showed monotony and imbalance of the regular diet of the regional population. Conclusions: We have revealed noncompliance with the principles of healthy eating in the study population and developed recommendations for improving eating habits in various social groups.

Introduction. The rapid spread of a new coronavirus infection among populations in many countries worldwide has contributed to the genetic evolution of the virus, resulting in the emergence of multiple genetic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Mutations in the viral genome can affect the ability of the virus to bypass the immune system and complicate development of diagnostic and prophylactic drugs. Data on the neutralizing activity of the sera obtained against previously circulating genetic variants of the virus in relation to current SARS-CoV-2 strains may serve as a scientific basis for the selection of the antigens in vaccine development. The aim of this work was to study cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strains belonging to different genetic variants, which were isolated in the territory of the Russian Federation during 20202022 in the neutralization reaction using mouse hyperimmune sera. Materials and methods. Ten strains of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus belonging to different genetic variants were used (three non-VOC strains, alpha, beta, gamma, delta, delta+AY, omicron 1 and omicron 2). The hCoV-19/Australia/VIC01/2020 strain (Wuhan) was included in the study as a prototypical variant. BALBc mice were immunized with inactivated concentrated antigen mixed with a 1:1 adjuvant, which was a virus-like immunostimulatory complex based on Quillaja saponaria (Quillaja saponaria). The antibody titer was determined in the neutralization reaction. Results. Essential decrease of neutralizing ability of antibodies specific to non-vOC genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was revealed against beta VOC and to a lesser degree against alpha and gamma VOC variants. The differences in the neutralizing activity level of antibodies for alpha and beta VOC variants are not significant among themselves, and with gamma VOC variants there are no significant differences. Neutralizing ability of antibodies specific to delta VOC against alpha and beta VOC variants decreased 4-fold. Neutralizing activity of sera obtained to omicron 1 and 2 variants in relation to the prototype coronavirus variant was reduced 18-fold, to the gamma variant 12-fold, to delta variants more than 30-fold; for other variants it was even lower. Conclusions. The results obtained testify to the presence of cross-reactivity between strains of coronavirus belonging to genetic lines Wuhan, alpha, beta, gamma; it is weaker for delta variants. Mutations in the genome of VOC omicron variants led to a significant decrease in antigenic cross-links with earlier genetic variants of the coronavirus. These findings explain the low efficacy of vaccines based on the Wuhan strain, synthetic immunogens, and recombinant proteins based on it against omicron VOC variants, which have caused a rise in morbidity since early 2022, as well as cases of re-infection of humans with new genetic variants of the coronavirus.

Introduction. The importance of economic security issues for migration-attractive regions, especially the exclave Kaliningrad region, is growing. Increasing migration gain from Russia’s regions both brings obvious benefits and poses additional challenges. These include those related to the influx of workers whose professional qualifications do not suit the needs of the regional labour market. Thus, the article aims to analyze the compliance of the mechanisms for regulating internal migration with the work-related pull factors to ensure the Kaliningrad region’s economic security. Materials and Methods. The study relies on Kaliningradstat’s regional migration data for 2014–2021 and the interviews with representatives of various sectors of the regional economy, including migrants, conducted by the authors in the summer of 2022. The paper provides systematized and structured results of the content analysis of various sources on the implementation of labour policy and, in particular, the policy of attracting workforce (information and reference portals and websites of international, national and regional institutions, official statistical data by IOM and Rosstat). Results. Drawing on the example of the Kaliningrad region, the study considers several understaffed fields of occupation, including medicine, research and education, ICT, and small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on international and Russian research it analyses work-related mobility factors for each of them. It also classifies the practice of using external and internal migration selection mechanisms. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the survey of migrants and employers in the Kaliningrad region, the study develops and discusses a list of pull factors and mechanisms for each considered workforce group that can be used to design policies for attracting workforce to the Kaliningrad region. The study results can be used in Russian regions willing to attract in-demand specialists.

The article describes the historical milestones in the study of Crohn's disease from the time of its original description in the 17th century, the revolution in the medical community after the landmark paper in 1932, to the present day. The history of Crohn's disease testifies to the discoveries of the past years, which open up to us the advantages of a scientific approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Purpose of the study. The relevance of the article is due to scientific interest in recent events of modern Russia, the process of formation of executive and representative authorities in Russian municipalities. At the same time, historical science is not sufficiently present in this research field, giving priority to political scientists and sociologists. The presented article is intended to fill this gap. Materials and methods. The presented article is based on the study of scientific literature, archival materials, periodicals. The research is based on documents from the archives of the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region. At the same time, both general scientific and private methods of historical research are used: the concrete historical method, methods of using external and internal criticism of documents, comparative analysis. Study results. The article reveals the history of the election of the mayors of Nizhny Novgorod in 1998 and 2000. It shows the socio-economic and political situation in the city, which caused the difficult nature of both the election campaigns and their results. Moreover, in both cases, it was not without the use of “dirty electoral technologies”, the inability of the authorities to regulate the electoral process, up to the cancellation of the results of the already held elections. Conclusions. The experience of democratic formation of new municipal authorities testifies to the need for careful study of their legislative framework, thoughtful organization of the electoral process, the readiness of regional and central authorities to make non-standard decisions to correct the situation.

The Julia programming language is a specialized language for scientific computing. It is relatively new, so most of the libraries for it are in the active development stage. In this article, the authors consider the possibilities of the language in the field of mathematical statistics. Special emphasis is placed on the technical component, in particular, the process of installing and configuring the software environment is described in detail. Since users of the Julia language are often not professional programmers, technical issues in setting up the software environment can cause difficulties that prevent them from quickly mastering the basic features of the language. The article also describes some features of Julia that distinguish it from other popular languages used for scientific computing. The third part of the article provides an overview of the two main libraries for mathematical statistics. The emphasis is again on the technical side in order to give the reader an idea of the general possibilities of the language in the field of mathematical statistics.

AsxSe1-x glasses with x from 0,05 to 0,55 were prepared at two melting temperatures, 700 and 850 °C. Batch materials from several suppliers were used for glass synthesis. Density and IR transmittance of glasses were measured. It was found that data for density of glasses prepared at 700 °C have sufficient scatter, so dependence of molar volume on composition is not smooth. Data for glasses synthesized at 850 °C are in good agreement with reference ones. According to data of IR spectroscopy the main impurity in glasses is oxygen in several molecular forms. Oxygen gets in glass together with arsenic. Its content can be noticeably decreased by the heat treatment of As at from 300 to 350 °C and Se at 310 °C before weighting and by the heat treatment of batch at 200 °C before the sealing of silica ampoule. Optical quality of glass samples is good enough for the use them as IR transparent material for lens manufacturing.

Aim to conduct a morphological and anatomical study of dried shoots of soft hawthorn collected during the flowering period. Material and methods. The shoots of soft hawthorn were collected during the flowering period in the Botanical Garden of Samara University. The micro-preparations were immersed in an alcohol-water-glycerin mixture (1:1:1). To determine the lignified elements of stems and pedicels, a solution of 2% aniline sulfate in 50% ethanol was used. The samples of raw material were examined in daylight using a magnifying glass and a "Motic DM-39C-N9GO-A" binocular. The microscopic examination was performed in transmitted and reflected light using a digital microscope Carl Zeiss Primo Star 415500-0057-000 (Imaging Software for Microscopy ZEN soge V2.7). Results. The study of anatomical and morphological properties of hawthorn shoots revealed their most characteristic feature - the abundant pubescence with simple hairs. In addition, the edge of the leaf blades, bracts and sepals had multicellular glands with brown contents. Conclusion. The anatomy of the petiole of the hawthorn leaf was described for the first time. The study allows us to identify characteristic changes in the conducting system of the leaf. The morphological and anatomical analysis allows us to identify the common features of the semi-soft hawthorn and closely related species.

PurposeThis viewpoint article discusses and analyses the need and benefits of a patient safety definition within the context of nursing.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint article is supported by literature review, statutory documents and expert knowledge evidence. All these sources provided a unified narrative of the background, current aspects and future needs of patient safety.FindingsThe need for strengthening patient safety and the nurses' role within healthcare's actions towards patient safety are discussed. The predominant role of nurses due to the proportionate size and significant role along with the need for clarification of patient safety in nursing terms is recognised. Research evidence of nursing areas with safety issues and relevant nursing interventions are presented. Based on all findings, a research-based nursing specific patient safety definition is proposed. This definition includes three axes: what is patient harm, how this harm can be eliminated or reduced and which are the areas of nursing practice that are identified to provide opportunity for patient harm. These axes include nursing specifications of the patient safety definition.Originality/valueIt is the first time that a nurse specific patient safety definition is proposed. This definition strives to enhance nurse practitioners' understanding and engagement with patient safety by clarifying aspects of patient safety within everyday nursing practice.

The article presents the results of a study with 288 doctors of various age groups and specialties aimed at determining the level of professional competencies and its changes. To conduct this study, sociological, analytical, and statistical methods, as well as organizational modeling were used. Based on the results, grounds for the need to find effective solutions in order to support the professional literacy of doctors of older age groups were given. Organizational solutions to this problem were given, including unique healthsaving and advanced training (treatment in training) technologies, transformation of the methodological support of medical activity based on the implementation of expert systems, as well as reduction of cognitive load on doctors of nearing-retirement and retirement age through professional retraining in one narrow specialty. For citation: Yakushin MA, Vorobieva AV, Yarotsky SYu, Vasiliev MD, Arseenkova OYu, Yakushina TI. Age dynamics of doctor's professional competencies. City Healthсare. 2023;4(1): 22-37 doi: 10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2023.v.4i1;22-37

Subject. We consider organizational and methodological aspects for the formation of information security of an economic entity. Objectives. The study aims to develop a theoretical and methodological approach to the formation of information security system of an economic entity, capable of ensuring the security of functional information systems and confidentiality of information through counteraction against various risks and threats. Methods. We employ methods of scientific abstraction, formal logic. Results. The paper characterizes modern software products that are used to ensure information confidentiality and prevent unauthorized access to it, identifies situations, in which threats to information security may arise. Conclusions. The findings can be used by heads of organizations and relevant structural units in the implementation of policies to counter information threats.

Subject. This article discusses the issues of formation of industrial and territorial markets. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the regional specifics of the formation of consumer demand, considering construction- and furniture production-related industries as a case study. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical and statistical analyses. Results. Based on the analysis of statistical information from open official sources, the article substantiates the influence of such factors as consumer demand, dynamics of economic and spatial development on the development of the furniture industry. It summarizes and systematizes the problems of development of the construction industry and the furniture industry in the Krasnodar Krai. Conclusions. When developing measures for State support of business, the region's spatial development priorities should be taken into account.

Prospects for presence of gas production areas of the Taz Bay of the Gulf of Ob have been determined by the authors of the paper. Approaches to determining the optimal ice-resistant shape of the platform support base are considered. Scenarios of extreme ice impacts on structures operated in the Gulf of Ob have been determined. An assessment of global actions to occur during interaction of platforms with ice features was given, which directly affects the choice of the platform design and the way of securing it on the seabed. A calculation of global ice actions, determined by both domestic and foreign procedures, was performed. The obtained results of global ice actions, determined by use of several procedures prescribed by the main regulatory documents, were analyzed in various scenarios of the “platform/ice features” interaction. The prospects of further research were investigated.

Objective: To compare the frequency and healthfulness of foods being advertised to children and adolescents in four countries of WHO European region. Design: Cross-sectional quantitative study, guided by an adapted version of the WHO protocol. All recorded food advertisements were categorised by categories and as either ‘permitted’ or ‘not permitted’ for advertising to children in accordance with WHO Regional Office for Europe Nutrient Profile Model. Settings: Four countries: Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan Participants: TV channels most popular among children and adolescents Results: Analysis included 70 d of TV broadcasting for all channels, during which time there were 28 399 advertisements. The mean number of advertisements per hour varied from eleven in Turkey and Kazakhstan to eight and two in Russia and Kyrgyzstan. In all countries, the majority of the food and beverages advertised should not be permitted for advertising to children according to the WHO Nutrient Profile Model. The mean number of non-permitted food and beverage advertisements per hour was high in Turkey and Kazakhstan (8·8 and 8·5 ads) compared with Russia (5·1) and Kyrgyzstan (1·9). Turkey was the only country where nutritional information was fully available, and no values were missing that prevented coding for some product categories. Conclusions: Results revealed that children and adolescents in four countries are exposed to a considerable volume of food and beverage advertisements, including sugary products on broadcast television. As such, policymakers should consider protecting youth by developing regulations to restrict these marketing activities within media popular with children.

Geoheritage studies have different perspectives, among which treatment of geological features in relation to particular areas and settlements seems to be promising for better local planning and tourism organization. The small town of Guzeripl in the Western Caucasus (southwestern Russia) experiences tourism-triggered development. Five localities, which are parts of two earlier established geosites, are found directly in this settlement and in its vicinity. They show representative siliciclastic deposits dominated by shales, which accumulated on the deep bottom of the Caucasian Sea in the Early Middle Jurassic. New field investigations allowed for the collection of information regarding the improvement of the geological knowledge of this study area and the reconsideration of its geoheritage in relation to the settlement’s needs. Particularly, the tentative approach for the functional assessment of the localities was proposed and applied. It is established that the localities represent not only deep-marine siliciclastic deposits, trace fossils, and specific palaeoenvironment, but also the structural elements (anticline, syncline, and fault) of the complex deformed domain. They differ by functional value, with two of the most valuable localities directly in Guzeripl, and all of them can be employed for the settlements’ needs. Geoscientists, guided student groups, and geotourists can choose Guzeripl to collect new data, train, and for new impressions. Importantly, geotourism based on the considered localities can diversify the experience of visitors, and it can be combined with and facilitated by ecotourist activities already offered by the Caucasus State Nature Biosphere Reserve, which is famous for its natural heritage. The study area focuses on the spatial distribution of geoheritage relatively to the touristic patterns.

The British National Burn Care Standards highlight the importance of routine psychosocial screening to optimise psychological well-being following burn injury. Routine screening enables clinicians to identify those who may benefit from further psychological intervention. In this case, we outline how active follow-up from routine psychosocial screening and early intervention supports psychological recovery from a burn injury and how multidisciplinary care can be incorporated into cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. This case also illustrates how psychologists are well positioned within physical healthcare to notice themes arising in patient care and use this to inform service development, for example, through staff training.

Limited data exist to inform antibiotic selection among people with cystic fibrosis (CF) with airway infection by multiple CF-related microorganisms. This study aimed to determine among children with CF co-infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) if the addition of anti-MRSA antibiotics to antipseudomonal antibiotic treatment for pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) would be associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with antipseudomonal antibiotics alone.Retrospective cohort study using data from the CF Foundation Patient Registry-Pediatric Health Information System linked dataset. The odds of returning to baseline lung function and having a subsequent PEx requiring intravenous antibiotics were compared between PEx treated with anti-MRSA and antipseudomonal antibiotics and those treated with antipseudomonal antibiotics alone, adjusting for confounding by indication using inverse probability of treatment weighting.943 children with CF co-infected with MRSA and Pa contributed 2,989 PEx for analysis. Of these, 2,331 (78%) PEx were treated with both anti-MRSA and antipseudomonal antibiotics and 658 (22%) PEx were treated with antipseudomonal antibiotics alone. Compared with PEx treated with antipseudomonal antibiotics alone, the addition of anti-MRSA antibiotics to antipseudomonal antibiotic therapy was not associated with a higher odds of returning to ≥90% or ≥100% of baseline lung function or a lower odds of future PEx requiring intravenous antibiotics.Children with CF co-infected with MRSA and Pa may not benefit from the addition of anti-MRSA antibiotics for PEx treatment. Prospective studies evaluating optimal antibiotic selection strategies for PEx treatment are needed to optimize clinical outcomes following PEx treatment.

Background. Angelman syndrome (AS) is rare genetic disease characterized by severe mental retardation, gross developmental speech delay, facial dysmorphia, disorders of motor activity, behavior and sleep, epileptic seizures manifestation. Pathology refers to diseases of genomic imprinting. There are four possible mechanisms of pathology development in Angelman syndrome: 15q11.2-q13 deletion on the chromosome 15 of maternal origin, mutation of the ubiquitin ligase (UBE3A) gene at the 15q11.2 locus on the chromosome 15 of maternal origin, uniparental disomy of the 15q11.2-q13 region of paternal origin, imprinting center defect.Clinical case description. Clinical picture of Angelman syndrome in two twin sibs (boy E., girl V.) observed in Children’s City Clinical Hospital № 1 in Nizhny Novgorod is presented. Children from consecutive pregnancy with dichorionic-diamniotic twins; preterm birth at 30 weeks. There was burdened obstetric-biological and perinatal history due to the threatened miscarriage during this pregnancy and due to asphyxia of both children during delivery. The disease has classical course in both patients: static functions development delay, gross developmental speech and intellectual delay, behavioral and motor disorders (stereotypy, tremor, ataxia, episodes of unmotivated laughter, sleep disorders), presence of typical facial dysmorphia. This diagnosis was confirmed by the molecular genetic study (boy — mutation in exon 7 of the UBE3A gene, girl — mutations in exons 6 and 7 of the UBE3A gene). Features of epileptic seizure therapy in both patients are presented.Conclusion. The presented clinical case demonstrates typical clinical picture of AS in two sibs confirmed by molecular genetic study. The therapy of this syndrome is very complicated. The described patients require constant anticonvulsant therapy, observation of neurologist, psychotherapist, working with speech pathologist. Complete correction of this syndrome is impossible.