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An extensive programme of archaeological fieldwork between August 2006 and May 2008 in the area of the former New Street Gasworks and New Street Bus Depot, Canongate, Edinburgh revealed remains of one of the earliest and most significant gasworks in Britain. As well as patches of medieval and post-medieval backland soils and post-medieval structures that pre-dated the establishment of the New Street works in the first quarter of the 19th century, substantial structural remains of the various phases of this industrial undertaking were recorded, along with a suite of associated artefacts. These works have permitted the exploration of the industrial heritage of Edinburgh, as well as revealing important evidence of the medieval and post-medieval occupation of the Canongate. This is the first major excavation of an urban gasworks in Scotland and has enabled an examination of how these gasworks functioned and how they expanded with the introduction of more efficient systems and new technology.

Pest density – plant damage relationships are essential guides for decision-making in integrated pest management. In this article, we established pest density – leaf damage relationships for the beech leaf-mining weevil, Orchestes fagi L. (formerly Rhynchaenus fagi, Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in its invasive range of Nova Scotia, Canada. Outbreaks of O. fagi cause tree-wide leaf necrosis in American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), which can eventually result in tree mortality. In 2014 and 2016, we collected weekly samples in stands with American beech and assessed leaves for densities during different life stages (eggs, larvae, and pupae), population proxy measures (adult feeding damage, egg slits, and larval galleries), and percent necrosis. In general, feeding damage and leaf necrosis plateaued soon after the end of budburst, but before the larval mine expanded. This strongly suggested that leaf necrosis may be linked to damage caused by adults or by mine initiation rather than that caused by larval mine expansion and gallery development. The density of O. fagi per leaf for life stages and population proxies all significantly explained ∼42%–81% of the variation in end-of-season percent leaf necrosis. Results from this study provide a variety of relationships that could be used in both short- and long-term monitoring efforts for O. fagi.

Background Outdoor air pollution has been reported to be associated with frailty (including slow gait speed) in older adults. However, to date, no literature exists on the association between indoor air pollution (eg, unclean cooking fuel use) and gait speed. Therefore, we aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between unclean cooking fuel use and gait speed in a sample of older adults from 6 low- and middle-income countries (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa). Methods Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health were analyzed. Unclean cooking fuel use referred to the use of kerosene/paraffin, coal/charcoal, wood, agriculture/crop, animal dung, and shrubs/grass based on self-report. Slow gait speed referred to the slowest quintile based on height, age, and sex-stratified values. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were done to assess associations. Results Data on 14 585 individuals aged ≥65 years were analyzed (mean [standard deviation] age 72.6 [11.4] years; 45.0% males). Unclean cooking fuel use (vs clean cooking fuel use) was significantly associated with higher odds for slow gait speed (odds ratio = 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.85) based on a meta-analysis using country-wise estimates. The level of between-country heterogeneity was very low (I2 = 0%). Conclusions Unclean cooking fuel use was associated with slower gait speed among older adults. Future studies of longitudinal design are warranted to provide insight into the underlying mechanisms and possible causality.

The letter collections of Greco-Roman antiquity dwarf in total size all of ancient drama or epic combined, but they have received far less attention than (say) the plays of Euripides or the epics of Homer or Virgil. Although classicists have long realised the crucial importance of the order and arrangement of poems into ‘poetry books’ for the reading and reception both of individual poems and the collection as a whole, the importance of order and arrangement in collections of letters and the consequences for their interpretation have long been neglected. This piece explores some of the most important Greek letter collections, such as the Letters attributed to Plato, and examines some of the key problems in studying and editing collections of such ancient letters.

BACKGROUND In eastern Canada, surveys of overwintering 2nd instar spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) larvae ('L2s') are carried out each fall to guide insecticide application decisions in the following spring. These surveys involve the collection of fir and spruce branches in selected stands, followed by the mechanical/chemical removal of larvae. The latter then are counted manually on filter papers, using a stereomicroscope. Considering the significant effort and difficulties which this manual counting entails, we developed a quantitative (q)PCR-based 'molecular counting' approach designed to make this step less tedious. RESULTS Using the C. fumiferana mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene as a target for qPCR DNA quantification, we show that the amount of DNA in a larval extract is strongly correlated with the number of larvae used to generate that extract, and that molecular estimates of L2 counts are comparable to those generated using the manual approach. In addition, we used the same DNA extracts to monitor the microsporidian pathogen Nosema fumiferanae, and the hymenopteran parasitoids Glypta fumiferanae and Apanteles fumiferanae in overwintering L2s employing a subset of a TaqMan assay developed by Nisole et al. (2020) for the identification of budworm natural enemies. We show that the proportion of individuals affected by each natural enemy in samples containing a known number of larvae can be estimated from presence/absence data through the binomial probability distribution. CONCLUSION The present proof-of-principle study shows that a molecular approach for counting L2s and assessing their natural enemy load is clearly possible and is expected to generate reliable results.

We train an object detector built from convolutional neural networks to count interference fringes in elliptical antinode regions in frames of high-speed video recordings of transient oscillations in Caribbean steelpan drums, illuminated by electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). The annotations provided by our model aim to contribute to the understanding of time-dependent behavior in such drums by tracking the development of sympathetic vibration modes. The system is trained on a dataset of crowdsourced human-annotated images obtained from the Zooniverse Steelpan Vibrations Project. Due to the small number of human-annotated images and the ambiguity of the annotation task, we also evaluate the model on a large corpus of synthetic images whereby the properties have been matched to the real images by style transfer using a Generative Adversarial Network. Applying the model to thousands of unlabeled video frames, we measure oscillations consistent with audio recordings of these drum strikes. One unanticipated result is that sympathetic oscillations of higher-octave notes significantly precede the rise in sound intensity of the corresponding second harmonic tones; the mechanism responsible for this remains unidentified. This paper primarily concerns the development of the predictive model; further exploration of the steelpan images and deeper physical insights await its further application.

The concept of acoustic impedance is often difficult for students in introductory acoustics courses to make sense of, especially students without advanced mathematics backgrounds. This work summarizes a laboratory activity for students in a general education musical acoustics class where a simplified brass musical instrument is examined, focusing on how the geometry of the air column affects the input impedance of the instrument. Students are guided through making bore profile measurements for use in a computation of the input impedance. Options for making experimental measurements of the simplified instrument are explained. The laboratory activity was successfully used with students who reported their increased understanding of the acoustics of brass musical instruments.

Since it was awarded a Round 4 Trans-Atlantic Platform Digging into Data Challenge grant in 2017, the Mapping Manuscript Migrations project has been working to develop and test a methodology to link disparate datasets from Europe and North America with the aim of providing large-scale analysis and visualizations of the history and provenance of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts. Guided by a set of research questions identified at the outset of the project, MMM developed an innovative Linked Open Data model and dataset which unifies three separate manuscript-related databases in a semantically consistent way, together with the workflows for transforming the institutional data contributions into the common structure. The dataset has been made available through a Linked Open Data service hosted by the Linked Data Finland platform and the MMM semantic portal. The aggregated data can be queried and visualized at scales ranging from a single manuscript to a total of more than 216,000 manuscripts as a group. Visualization tools developed in the portal show how the manuscripts have traveled across time and space from their place of production to their current locations, where they continue to find new audiences. The following report summarizes our methodology and results, and lays the groundwork for further research using our processes.

As the world in which we live becomes more complex and contested, economically and politically but also in terms of rapid and long-lasting environmental change, design education faces new demands and challenges. We frame and situate these in terms of what we call “design futures literacies.” At stake in such a framing is a rethinking of design’s priorities in the context of climate change and resource use and reuse in futures that are uncertain, contingent and emergent. The article positions design as having shifted away from a techno-modernist design solutionism and to how it may engage in shaping futures through experimentation and exploration in the critical and productive engagement with techno-cultural life. These arguments are located within the prior experience of the transdisciplinary team of co-authors as well as a European level project between four leading design universities. The article takes up their first work package on the co-creation of a Lexicon for Design Futures Literacies and early experimentation towards generating resources and experience for its wider use. The article addresses the largely under articulated relations between language and design (from lexis to discourse). First, we present the development of an alphabetic, lexical semantic set and core grouping of design and futures terms. This vocabulary, drawn from a range of sources and experiences, is linked to the design of a related lexically centred card game. Second, the focus on vocabulary was extended to a section on situating lexis in cultural historical contexts, 3-dimensional haptic form giving and the language of abstraction. This was achieved via reference to a design narrative fiction experiment on emerging technologies and a historical costume annotation project as a prompt for making connections between items from the lexicon and modelling abstract forms in clay. Third, in collaboration with a government ministry and a design council, students developed four future digital urban living scenarios with trust as their central focus. “Languaging” the future was embodied in physical scenarios open to the public, connected to a professional seminar and to international research events where verbal descriptions, explanations and reflections were voiced by the students alongside their educator-researcher. The article closes with suggestions that there is further opportunity for attention to lexis and multimodal discourse modes in shaping design futures literacies, within and across the project but also in practice, in policy and for and as design pedagogy.

Manuscripts are a crucial form of evidence for research into all aspects of premodern European history and culture, and there are numerous databases devoted to describing them in detail. This descriptive information, however, is typically available only in separate data silos based on incompatible data models and user interfaces. As a result, it has been difficult to study manuscripts comprehensively across these various platforms. To address this challenge, a team of manuscript scholars and computer scientists worked to create "Mapping Manuscript Migrations" (MMM), a semantic portal, and a Linked Open Data service. MMM stands as a successful proof of concept for integrating distinct manuscript datasets into a shared platform for research and discovery with the potential for future expansion. This paper will discuss the major products of the MMM project: a unified data model, a repeatable data transformation pipeline, a Linked Open Data knowledge graph, and a Semantic Web portal. It will also examine the crucial importance of an iterative process of multidisciplinary collaboration embedded throughout the project, enabling humanities researchers to shape the development of a digital platform and tools, while also enabling the same researchers to ask more sophisticated and comprehensive research questions of the aggregated data.

In eastern Canada, surveys of overwintering 2Using the C. fumiferana mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene as a target for qPCR DNA quantification, we show that the amount of DNA in a larval extract is strongly correlated with the number of larvae used to generate that extract, and that molecular estimates of L2 counts are comparable to those generated using the manual approach. In addition, we used the same DNA extracts to monitor the microsporidian pathogen Nosema fumiferanae, and the hymenopteran parasitoids Glypta fumiferanae and Apanteles fumiferanae in overwintering L2s employing a subset of a TaqMan assay developed by Nisole et al. (2020) for the identification of budworm natural enemies. We show that the proportion of individuals affected by each natural enemy in samples containing a known number of larvae can be estimated from presence/absence data through the binomial probability distribution.The present proof-of-principle study shows that a molecular approach for counting L2s and assessing their natural enemy load is clearly possible and is expected to generate reliable results. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Pest Management Science published by John WileySons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Natural Resources Canada.

Design Inquiry is perhaps always needing to run with scissors, that design-centred capacity and ability to work with materials, means and methods to develop research that is context specific, abstract and conceptual. This is important for collaborative and transdisciplinary inquiry in, on and through design as well as situations in which a diversity and mix of professional design expertise and design-academic analysis are included. This paper concerns the ongoing need for clarification, articulation and implementation, as well as critique, concerning how research methods and design practices may be better connected, placed and understood. Design research that is qualitative in nature needs to consider methods and means, that is epistemological challenges and opportunities, if it is to move beyond framing, using and reflecting on knowledge making as more than a blunt version of inquiry. We include a performative activity to enact a shared methodological experience of Running with Scissors. The research was supported by AHO’s Centre for Design Research (www.designresearch.no) and the EU Marie Curie Fellow Programme.

SIGNIFICANCE:\ud \ud High-, long-, and triple-jump athletic events may need to consider whether it is appropriate to group vision-impaired athletes in the same classification with loss of different visual functions, and a greater emphasis may need to be placed on the visual field (VF) within the current classification system used.\ud \ud PURPOSE:\ud \ud Athletes with vision impairment are grouped, based on their visual function, into one of three different classes (B1, B2, and B3, with B1 being the most severe). Athletes in class B2 have loss in visual acuity (VA; range, 1.50 to 2.60 logMAR) or VF (constricted to a diameter of

Due to an increased level of threat, the design of buildings to resist blast loads has gained importance. The most vulnerable component of the building is typically the cladding system, generally being lightweight and directly facing the hazard with large, exposed surface areas. A large number of cladding materials are available, with architectural intent constantly driving the development of new products and systems. Glazed fa��ades are aesthetically appealing and are popular among architects. In this paper, the use of super-elastic shape memory alloy (SMA) to improve the blast resilience of a cable-supported system is explored. The critical component of these systems is the high strength steel material cable. In the present study it is rendered hybrid (Steel-SMA), by attaching SMA cable(s) to the steel cable at one or both ends, and the dynamic performance under blast is studied. It is shown that the introduction of SMA in the cable has the potential to improve the resilience of the fa��ade system., Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): Facade Design and Engineering

Hay evidencia empírica convincente de que las empresas más diversas en términos de raza, etnia y género son más innovadoras, más productivas y generan mayores utilidades. Chile, Colombia, México y Perú cuentan con la diversidad poblacional que les permitiría a sus empresas sacar provecho de las ventajas de la diversidad, pero esta diversidad no se ve reflejada en su fuerza laboral y varios estudios han documentado la discriminación sufrida en procesos de reclutamiento en las empresas privadas de tres de los cuatro países. Las tecnologías utilizadas en países desarrollados para la promoción de la diversidad parecen están entrando en una fase de madurez o declive donde ya no están generando un cambio significativo para lograr mayor inclusión y diversidad en las empresas. Por lo tanto, existe un imperativo de innovar e introducir nuevas tecnologías, para pasar a una versión 2.0 de la promoción de la diversidad. En este trabajo se hace un mapeo, a través de casos y ejemplos, de las oportunidades que ofrece la tecnología para promover la diversidad en las empresas en tres momentos de la gestión de recursos humanos: reclutamiento y selección de personal, desarrollo profesional y retención de talento y cultura organizacional. A partir de esta investigación, se concluye que las nuevas tecnologías presentan oportunidades importantes para promover la diversidad en las empresas latinoamericanas. Al mismo tiempo, no podemos dejar de lado que el uso de la tecnología presenta también riesgos éticos, sobre todo en el sentido de replicar los estereotipos y sesgos que existen en nuestras sociedades. El balance, sin embargo, es positivo. Las nuevas tecnologías tienen gran potencial para: (i) facilitar el reclutamiento de una fuerza laboral más diversa; (ii) generar datos e indicadores para visibilizar y hacer seguimiento de las brechas por género, raza y etnia en las empresas; (iii) identificar micromachismos, microagresiones y sesgos en el lenguaje, actitudes y comportamientos y ayudar a evitarlos; (iv) minimizar el impacto de los sesgos conscientes e inconscientes en los diferentes procesos de gestión de talento; (v) construir nuevos canales para medir percepciones y amplificar la voz de grupos minoritarios; y (vi) ofrecer nuevas metodologías de formación y sensibilización más efectivas que los métodos tradicionales.

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a common physical disability that is managed with a variety of strategies. One non-invasive intervention for people living with CP is a type of video self-modelling (VSM) referred to as positive self-review (PSR). PSR involves watching a video of oneself performing only the best examples of a desired task; this technique has been associated with improved performance and learning for people without disabilities and for those in various clinical populations, including children with spina bifida and stroke patients. PSR may have similar benefits for people living with CP. In this study we examined the effectiveness of PSR for improving a self-selected movement task among individuals living with CP. In this case study approach, eight participants completed a pre-, post-, and second post-test measuring and recording well-being, movement self-consciousness and tendency to consciously monitor movements. Results were mixed, with some participants improving their movement time, well-being ratings and tendency toward self-consciousness and conscious monitoring of movements and others showing no changes or regressions. The effectiveness of VSM appears to depend upon the match between type of task and disability and/or the length of practice. More study is needed.

Objectives:\ud The aim of this study is to evaluate how speed affects non-linear measures of variability. Fixed and self-selected speeds were compared to an anatomically scaled speed calculated based on leg length to evaluate which provided a more reproducible result between subjects. \ud Methods:\ud Sixteen subjects ran on a treadmill at a fixed, calculated and self-selected speed and at ±10% in each case. Kinematic data were collected for two minutes at 250Hz for each trial. Sample entropy (SaEn) and maximum Lyapunov exponents (LyE) were calculated from the sagittal knee and hip joint angles to evaluate rigidity of gait and local stability. These nonlinear measures were compared to evaluate the dynamic similarity of the movement in each case, and to evaluate speed as a confounding variable in non-linear analysis.\ud Results:\ud An anatomically scaled speed shows more dynamic similarity than a fixed or self-selected speed with the lowest observed coefficient of variation for each measure. This was found to be statistically significant for both nonlinear measures of the hip (SaEn p=0.038; LyE p=0.040). Speed was not found to be a confounding variable in non-linear analysis of running gait of a healthy population (2 < 0.05). \ud Conclusions:\ud Changes in speed by ±10% do not significantly affect stability and variability of gait for healthy participants, suggesting that they make adaptations to ensure optimal gait variability. \ud Anatomically scaled speeds provide a more reliable methodology for both linear and non-linear analysis by providing a definitive protocol, suggesting it could replace self-selected or fixed speeds in future research.

Motion capture systems are used in the analysis and interpretation of athlete movement patterns for a variety of reasons, but data integrity remains critical regardless. The extent to which marker location or constraining degrees of freedom (DOF) in the biomechanical model impacts on this integrity lacks consensus. Ten elite academy footballers performed bilateral overhead squats using a marker-based motion capture system. Kinematic data were calculated using four different marker sets with 3DOF and 6DOF configurations for the three joint rotations of the right knee. Root mean squared error differences between marker sets ranged in the sagittal plane between 1.02 and 4.19 degrees to larger values in the frontal (1.30-6.39 degrees) and transverse planes (1.33 and 7.97 degrees). The cross-correlation function of the knee kinematic time series for all eight marker-sets ranged from excellent for sagittal plane motion (>0.99) but reduced for both coronal and transverse planes (

AUTORMorrison, AndrewFECHAMar 2021DESCARGA:Español (0 descargas)DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003156"La participación laboral de las mujeres del Perú” presenta 10 puntos de análisis sobre la situación de la participación laboral de la mujer y 6 propuestas/recomendaciones de políticas. Entre los puntos de análisis están los fuertes impactos de la pandemia sobre la participación laboral femenina, la situación de vulnerabilidad de empleos que tienen la mayoría de las mujeres, y las brechas de ingresos entre hombres y mujeres que afectan especialmente a mujeres indígenas y afrodescendientes. Un punto clave es que son las microempresas una de las principales fuentes de empleo de las mujeres. Sin embargo, su crecimiento se ve limitado por las dificultades de acceso a financiamiento y por sus bajos niveles de productividad. También identifica retos que enfrentan las mujeres para acceder a posiciones de liderazgo, sobre todo en el sector privado. Un punto para destacar en el análisis realizado es que Perú tiene una ventaja sobre otros países en términos de legislación y regulación que promueven la participación laboral de la mujer, pero este avance en lo normativo no está reflejado en las condiciones en el mercado laboral. Entrando a las recomendaciones, se plantea la incorporación de mujeres en los programas de empleo y crédito de emergencia. Adaptación de la regulación para mejorar el funcionamiento del mercado laboral para promover el empleo femenino. Asimismo, la expansión de acceso a los servicios de cuidado para incrementar la inserción laboral femenina. Promover el ingreso de mujeres a en carreras de estudio CTIM y a ocupaciones mejor remuneradas. Destaca la necesidad de cerrar las brechas de ingresos que afectan a mujeres afro e indígenas a través del financiamiento de estudios superiores y el apoyo de los emprendimientos de dichas mujeres. Si bien ya existen programas de subsidios a la contratación, capacitación laboral y de intermediación laboral, es necesario mejorarlos con foco especial en la población vulnerable. Finalmente dar solución a temas críticos como las brechas salariales, la presencia de mujeres en posiciones de liderazgo y acceso al financiamiento de las mypes lideradas por mujeres.

This paper reports on the transformation of the Bodleian Library’s online medieval manuscripts catalogue from XML documents into RDF graphs. The catalogue uses the “Manuscript Description” section of the TEI Guidelines to encode entries which were originally published in printed form, but also incorporates amendments and additions from unpublished documents. The transformation of this catalogue has required the development of processes to extract the relevant elements from the TEI XML documents, assemble these extracts into a new XML file, and match the various elements and attributes to CIDOC-CRM and FRBRoo entities and properties which can be expressed as RDF triples and incorporated into graph databases. As a result of this work, information from the manuscripts catalogue has been ingested into Linked Data graph databases developed by two Oxford projects: OXLOD (Oxford Linked Open Data) and MMM (Mapping Manuscript Migrations).

This article discusses concerns raised by the Office for Students (OfS) and other policy actors regarding perceived grade inflation in undergraduate degree classifications in England. I employ a desert-based justice philosophical framework to argue that the criticisms made by the OfS can be understood in light of the position that degree classifications occupy at the intersections of two distinctive logics of desert: as retrospective in virtue of past actions; and as utilitarian future-oriented. I then draw from literature in the sociology of education and work to contend that the utilitarian desert-bases of degree classifications, which the OfS aims to safeguard, have been undermined by the shifting relationship between higher education credentials and the labour market. I suggest that criticism of grade inflation (if appropriate) finds a stronger philosophical foundation in the retrospective bases of desert than in utilitarian ones.

This issue of Temes de Disseny addresses a mix of topics concerning how design literacies and design making may be understood as ‘future facing’. By doing so, we convey the ways and means design practice and design education may be positioned and activated to work prospectively and be ahead of current concerns with environmental, social and ethical challenges. Doing so also means tackling tough, complex and often unknown problems and offering potential and imaginary responses. Accordingly, tools and techniques originating in futures studies intertwine with design practices offering exploratory, methodological and anticipatory work on how we might shape our futures through design together. Literacies as design futures making and making futures literacies by design are therefore featured in this special issue of the journal.

Avasin koska lopullinen version on auki HY:n arkistossakin

Impaired proprioceptive acuity negatively affects both joint position sense and postural control and is a risk factor for lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury in athletes and military personnel. British Army foot-drill is an occupational military activity involving cyclical high impact loading forces greater than those observed in athletes during high level plyometrics. Foot-drill may contribute to the high rates of lower-extremity overuse injuries observed in recruits during basic training. There is limited research investigating foot-drill specific injury risk factors in women, despite greater incidences of musculoskeletal injury reported in women (522 vs. 417 per 1,000 personnel, OR: 1.53) when compared to men during basic training. This study aimed to quantify changes in ankle joint proprioception and dynamic postural stability following a period of British Army foot-drill. Fourteen women of similar age to British Army female recruits underwent pre-post foot-drill measures of frontal plane ankle joint position sense (JPS) and dynamic postural stability using the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI). Passive ankle JPS was assessed from relative test angles of inversion 30% (IN30%) and eversion 30% (EV30%) and IN60% of participants range of motion using an isokinetic dynamometer. The DPSI and the individual stability indices (medio-lateral [MLSI], anterior-posterior [APSI], and vertical [VSI]) were calculated from lateral and forward jump-landing conditions using force plates. Foot-drill was conducted by a serving British Army drill instructor. Significantly greater absolute mean JPS error for IN30% and EV30% was observed post foot-drill (p ≤ 0.016, d ≥ 0.70). For both the lateral and forward jump-landing conditions, significantly greater stability index scores were observed for MLSI, APSI, and DPSI (p ≤ 0.017, d ≥ 0.52). Significantly greater JPS error and stability index scores are associated with the demands of British Army foot-drill. These results provide evidence that foot-drill negatively affects lower-extremity proprioceptive acuity in recruit age-matched women, which has implications for increased injury risk during subsequent military physical activity, occurring in a normal training cycle.

The Mapping Manuscript Migrations (MMM) project transformed three separate datasets relating to the history and provenance of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts into a unified knowledge graph. The source databases are: Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts, from the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies, University of Pennsylvania; Bibale, from the Institut de recherche et d’histoire des textes (IRHT-CNRS, Paris); and Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries, from the Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. The data consist of more than 20 million RDF triples which have been mapped to the MMM Data Model. The model combines classes and properties from CIDOC-CRM and FRBR, together with some specific MMM elements. The Knowledge Graph was created using the MMM data transformation pipeline. The MMM dataset is available from the Zenodo repository, and can be directly deployed on a SPARQL endpoint using a docker recipe. To test and demonstrate its usefulness, the MMM Knowledge Graph is in use in the MMM Semantic Portal: https://mappingmanuscriptmigrations.org .

The beech leaf-mining weevil, Orchestes fagi (L.), is native to Europe where it commonly attacks European beech. The weevil was discovered infesting American beech in Halifax and Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada in 2012, but anecdotal reports of defoliated beech in the Halifax area as early as 2006 suggest it established 5–10 years prior to its discovery. Our objectives were to estimate the impact of O. fagi on American beech in forested sites and urban areas, as well as its economic impact on owners of residential properties with mature American beech. In 2014, we established fifteen plots in forested sites containing a total of 260 American beech at Sandy Lake, Oakfield, and Mount Uniacke (n = 5 plots per site), where weevil infestation levels were moderate, low, and nil, respectively. At the same time we recorded the degree of cankering by beech bark disease on the main stems of each tree. Plots were visited annually to record tree mortality (2014–2019) and percentage of leaves with larval mines or adult feeding (2016–2019). Between 2016 and 2019, the percentage of leaves mined by weevil larvae increased from 6 to 59% at Mount Uniacke and from 48 to 83% at Oakfield. During the same period, cumulative beech mortality increased from 35 to 48% at Mount Uniacke and from 10 to 70% at Oakfield. At Sandy Lake in 2016, 88% of the beech trees had died and there were too few living beech to collect a leaf sample in our plots so estimates of weevil damage (87% of leaves with mines) were obtained from life table plots in the same area. Tree mortality was associated with severity of cankering by beech bark disease only at Mount Uniacke, the site with the fewest years of defoliation by the leaf-mining weevil. We also surveyed residents of Halifax in 2016 and 2018 to determine the rate of beech mortality and costs of tree removal in urban residential areas in the same region (within 40 km) of the forest areas. Relative to the forested sites at Sandy lake and Oakfield, mortality rates were lower in urban areas (32% in 2016, 44% in 2018), even though signs of weevil defoliation had been apparent to residents as early as 2011–2012. Direct costs ($CAN) to property owners who hired arborists to remove dead beech trees averaged $1934 ($300–$6600) per resident in 2018. Options for mitigating the impact of O. fagi on American beech are briefly discussed.

This article investigates speculative design and the olfactory concerning potential future life forms and styles for more long term sustainable and survivable futures. Referring to Anticipatory Design, the article links anticipatory speculative inquiry literature from design, culture and posthumanism. Included is mention of cultural historical and contemporary material on the olfactory and sensory related design. The article reaches beyond current consumerist market practices is cosmetics and perfume. It poses and projects alternative relations between the environment and bio-materials, the olfactory, embodiment, the sensory, and the perceptual. These perspectives are related to leading olfactory projects and emerging trends and are embedded in a speculative olfactory project called XIANGVEI. Through a suite of speculative project artifacts, future life forms and life styles are seen having potential to contribute to wider systemic and collective systems of shaping futures knowledge by ‘scentory’ design. These life forms and styles are discussed in terms of in an eco-cultural-techno anticipatory design futures frame.

Many educators have faced the challenge of teaching in a world with COVID-19. Not everyone has the same amount of difficulties to work through, but each of us has the pandemic's unspoken weight affecting our daily life and work. After teaching for over a year through the pandemic, several lessons have shaped my approach to this time of emergency remote teaching. Some adaptations made to course delivery will survive in a post-COVID classroom if not entirely intact, at least with a considerable influence from the current situation. The variety of teaching modalities that have emerged have shown the possibilities of how courses can be delivered. Although there are aspects of online courses which we may never wish to repeat post-COVID, some aspects of our current situation could be useful in the future. We can continue to use remote collaboration tools when being together in a room is not an absolute necessity. We can help our students develop collaborations using these same technologies. Forming positive relationships with students and supporting how students work with their classmates has never been more important than during the pandemic. We should continue to prioritize relationship-building in a post-COVID future.

Although the swing plane has been a popular area of golf biomechanics research, the movement of the club relative to the swing plane has yet to be shown experimentally to have a relationship with performance. This study used principal component and subsequent multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the movement of the club relative to the delivery plane and clubhead characteristics at ball impact. The principal components reflected deviations from an individual swing plane, and lower values of these components were associated with less variability in the clubface impact location. In the event that a golf coach wants to improve the precision of ball striking, the results from this study suggest that both simplicity of the route and alignment of the club to the final trajectory before impact could be advantageous. However, this does not suggest that the technique should be based on a ‘model’ swing plane.

Applying a machine learning based object detector to high-speed videos of Caribbean steelpan drums illuminated by laser electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), we can track the development of sympathetic vibrations in response to drum strikes. This object detector was trained on a dataset of crowdsourced human-annotated images obtained in the Steelpan Vibrations Project on the Zooniverse platform. When the model is used to supply annotations to thousands of unlabeled video frames, we measure visual oscillations at frequencies consistent with audio recordings of these drum strikes. In this talk we share early physics results such as the unanticipated phenomenon of sympathetic oscillations of higher-octave notes that significantly precede the rise in sound intensity of the corresponding second harmonic tones; the mechanism responsible for this remains unidentified.

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges to contemporary lifestyles and future living. We offer a design humanities view on shaping personas to address perspective, narrative and voice...

This paper examines the role of a research network that involves design schools and researchers from a wide variety of disciplines. The C-SAN Futures network addressed the role that global exchange...

We are pleased to introduce a book review symposium which discusses the recently published Higher Education, Social Class and Social Mobility: The Degree Generation by A. Bathmaker, N. Ingram, J. A...

The finite element (FE) method combined with multicontinuum theory (MCT) for analyzing composites was coupled with reliability analysis to develop a probabilistic, progressive failure, multiscale analysis of a three-dimensional braided composite Pi-joint subject to shear loading. The constituent engineering constants, ply strengths, and structural geometric parameters were treated as random variables. Failure was defined in the progressive failure framework as a minimum structure stiffness. NESSUS reliability analysis, HELIUS MCT, and Abaqus® FE analysis software packages were interfaced to create a global framework for performing multiscale reliability analysis of the composite structure. The reliability analysis resulted in the calculation of the probability of failure and sensitivities of the probability of failure to the random variables defined in the model. The model's probability of failure was most sensitive to the geometric parameters defining the thickness of the upright portion of the Pi-joint and the depth of the Pi-joint. The model's response was also sensitive to the compressive strength of the composite.

Objectives:\ud The aim of this review is to evaluate and summarize existing literature using non-linear analysis methodology to consider variability of human movement due to lower limb injury or dysfunction.\ud Design:\ud Scoping review.\ud Methods:\ud An electronic keyword search was performed on three databases to identify appropriate research. This research was then examined for details of measures and\ud 33 methodology, use of control groups and general study characteristics to identify related themes.\ud Results:\ud Fifteen papers were reviewed and synthesized. A range of conditions were studied, mainly affecting knee and ankle joints, and each using different non-linear methods and different equipment (motion capture, accelerometry, and muscle activation) to evaluate the mathematically chaotic nature of the movement and assess the variability in gait. Sample sizes and effect sizes are commonly small in these studies.\ud Conclusions:\ud Non-linear analysis is a potentially useful tool in both diagnosis and evaluation of injury, and this should inform future clinical processes when dealing with injury and movement variability. Despite numerous studies evaluating neurological conditions and ageing, focus on injury is limited, with notable gaps in terms of considering other joints and joint actions, so this should be a promising area of research to develop our understanding of injury and rehabilitation and how this affects gait variability.