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Dendropsophus cruzi (Pombal & Bastos, 1998) is a small hylid (male snout-to-vent length = 16.3–19.4 mm; female SVL = 21.3–25.0 mm) that is allocated in the D. microcephalus group (Faivovich et al. 2005). It is commonly found in Open and forested areas from Central Brazil to Provincia Velasco, Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia (Frost 2017; Tessarolo et al. 2016). Pombal & Bastos (1998) described the advertisement call of D. cruzi as a single pulsed note. Posteriorly, studies uncovered relationships between dominant frequency variation in the advertisement calls of D. cruzi and variation in the SVL and mass of males (Bastos et al. 2003), as well as the existence of a clinal geographic pattern in the variation of acoustic parameters of these calls (Tessarolo et al. 2016). However, the acoustic communication in anurans is usually mediated by more than one vocalization type (Toledo et al. 2015). Due the importance of call types in the social context of anurans (e.g., Reichert 2011; Forti et al. 2017), we expand the vocal repertoire of D. cruzi by describing its aggressive call. We recorded the advertisement and aggressive calls of nine males of D. cruzi at different ponds located in municipalities of Itajá (18°53’44” S, 51°40’24” W; 511 m a.s.l.; n = 5 males; November 2016), Caldas Novas (17°49'41" S, 48°39'05" W; 805 m a.s.l.; n = 1 male; November 2014), Pilar de Goiás (14°48’31.61” S, 49°31’36.36” W; 736 m a.s.l.; n = 1 male; February 2017), and Rio Verde (17°50’46.84” S, 50°52’23.41” W; 672 m a.s.l.; n = 2 males; December 2016), State of Goiás, Central Brazil. In all cases, we observed males during acoustic interactions with conspecific individuals (territorial dispute; Toledo et al. 2015), and two of these interactions escalated to physical combat. We obtained the vocalizations using a Marantz PMD 660 or TASCAN DR-40 recorder (sample rate 44 kHz and 16-bit resolution, stored in.wav files) with a Sennheiser ME66 microphone placed at about 50 cm from the calling frog. All recordings were conducted during the night (from 19:00h to 00:00h). Voucher specimens were deposited at the Zoological Collection of Universidade Federal de Goiás (ZUFG 9577) and at the Herpetological Collection of Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde (IFRV 390-95). For each recorded individual, we analyzed five advertisement calls and all emitted aggressive calls. We used Raven Pro 1.4 (Bioacoustics Research Program 2011) to analyze the temporal and spectral parameters of the calls. The following parameters were measured: pulse rate (pulses/s), call duration (s), pulse number (pulses/calls), pulse duration (s), dominant frequency (Hz), upper and lower frequencies (Hz), frequency amplitude (Hz), and total repetition rate (calls/min) (see Forti et al. 2015). Call description and terminology followed Toledo et al. (2015). Spectrograms and waveforms were prepared using the R package Seewave 1.6.4 (Sueur et al. 2008), with the following settings: window name (Fourier transform window) = Hanning; window length = 256 samples; overlap = 90%. The advertisement call (Fig. 1) of D. cruzi was composed by a single pulsed note and the call duration varied from 0.006 to 0.023 s (mean = 0.013 ± 0.004 s; n = 50 calls). The pulse number and pulse duration varied, respectively, from 1 to 8 pulses/call (X = 3.775 ± 1.49; n = 50 calls) and from 0.002 to 0.008 s (mean = 0.003 ± 0.001 s; n = 150 pulses). Pulse rate ranged from 166.66 to 347.82 pulses/s (mean = 278.21 ± 42.59 pulses/s; n = 50 calls). Repetition rate ranged from 88 to 238 calls/minute (mean = 167.12 ± 50.17 calls/minute; n = 9 males). Dominant frequency ranged from 4478.9 to 7312.5 Hz (mean = 6476.74 ± 688.4 Hz; n = 50 calls), upper frequency from 4823.4 to 7687.5 Hz (mean = 6834.64 ± 719.03 Hz; n = 50 calls), lower frequency from 4134.4 to 6937.5 Hz (mean = 6106.69 ± 702.72 Hz; n = 50 calls), and frequency amplitude from 689 to 750 Hz (mean = 727.94 ± 113.22 Hz; n = 50 calls). Aggressive calls were also composed by a single pulsed note (Fig. 1). Call duration varied from 0.033 to 0.45 s (X = 0.159 ± 0.087 s; N = 65 calls), while pulse rate varied from 162.22 to 292.37 pulses/s (X = 228.82 ± 27.27 pulses/s; N = 65 calls). The pulse number and pulse duration varied, respectively, from 8 to 73 pulses/call (X = 35.7 ± 17.98; N = 65 calls) and from 0.0008 to 0.003 s (X = 0.002 ± 0.0006s; N = 195 pulses). Dominant frequency varied from 4995.7 to 7125 Hz (X = 6214.29 ± 473.81 Hz; N = 65 calls), upper frequency varied from 5168 to 8062.5 Hz (X = 7588.28 ± 1886.51 Hz; N = 65 calls), lower frequency varied from 4306.6 to 6187.5 Hz (X = 5423.17 ± 641.76 Hz; N = 50 calls), and frequency amplitude varied from 750 to 3375 Hz (X = 1598.53 ± 787.58 Hz; N = 65 calls). The advertisement call of D. cruzi agree in terms of call properties with all previous descriptions (Pombal & Bastos 1998; Bastos et al. 2003; Tessarolo et al. 2016). Call duration, pulse number, pulse duration, upper frequency and frequency amplitude were higher in aggressive calls than in advertisement calls, whereas pulse duration and lower frequency were higher in advertisement calls. Aggressive calls were only emitted by males in the presence of a nearby conspecific male, in a context of defence of the calling site. The Dendropsophus microcephalus group contains more than 30 species (Faivovich et al. 2005; Frost 2017) of which few have their aggressive calls described (e.g., D. ebraccatus, D. phlebodes and D. microcephalus— Schwartz & Wells 1985; D. werneri — Lingnau et al. 2004). The aggressive call of D. cruzi has a higher pulse number than those of D. werneri (Lingnau et al. 2004) and higher dominant frequency than D. werneri, D. microcephalus, D. ebraccatus and D. phlebodes (Schwartz & Wells 1985; Lingnau et al. 2004). Despite extensive research on anuran bioacoustics (Toledo et al. 2015), little is known about aggressive calls, and our results contribute to improve the knowledge about the bioacustics of the D. microcephalus group., Published as part of Andreani, Tainã Lucas, Oliveira, Seixas Rezende, Guerra, Vinícius, Bastos, Rogério Pereira & Morais, Alessandro Ribeiro De, 2018, The aggressive call of Dendropsophus cruzi (Pombal & Bastos, 1998) (Anura; Hylidae) in Central Brazil, pp. 137-139 in Zootaxa 4379 (1) on pages 137-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4379.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1172416, {"references":["Pombal, J. P. Jr. & Bastos, R. P. (1998) Nova especie de Hyla laurenti, 1768 do centro-oeste brasileiro e a posicao taxonomica de H. microcephala werneri Cochran, 1952 e H. microcephala meridiana B. Lutz, 1952 (Anura, Hylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 390, 1 - 13.","Faivovich, J., Haddad, C. F. B., Garcia, P. C. de A., Frost, D. R., Campbell, J. A., & Wheeler, W. C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: a phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2005) 294 [0001: SROTFF] 2.0. CO; 2","Frost, D. R. (2017) Amphibian Species of the World: An online reference. Version 6. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Available from: http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. php (accessed 15 February 2017)","Tessarolo, G., Maciel, N. M., Morais, A. R. & Bastos, R. P. (2016) Geographic variation in advertisement calls among populations of Dendropsophus cruzi (Anura: Hylidae). Herpetological Journal, 26, 219 - 224.","Bastos, R. P., Bueno, M. A. F., Dutra, L. P. & Lima, S. L. (2003) Padrao de vocalizacao de anuncio em especies de Hylidae (Anura) do Brasil central. Comunicacao do Museu de Ciencias Tecnologicas da PUCRS, 16, 39 - 51.","Toledo, L. F., Martins, I. A., Bruschi, D. P., Passos, M. A., Alexande, C. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2015) The anuran calling repertoire in the light of social context. Acta Ethologica, 18, 87 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10211 - 014 - 0194 - 4","Reichert, M. S. (2011) Aggressive calls improve leading callers' attractiveness in the treefrog Dendropsophus ebraccatus. Behavioral Ecology, 22, 951 - 959. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / beheco / arr 074","Forti, L. R., Forti, A. B. B. S., Marquez, R. & Toledo, L. F. (2017) Behavioural response evoked by conspecific distress calls in two neotropical treefrogs. Ethology, 123 (12), 942 - 948. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / eth. 12693","Bioacoustics Research Program (2011) Raven Pro: Interactive Sound Analysis Software. Version 1.4. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. [software]","Sueur, J., Aubin, T. & Simonis, C. (2008) Seewave, a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis. Bioacoustics, 18, 213 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09524622.2008.9753600","Schwartz, J. J. & Wells, K. D. (1985) Intra- and interspecific vocal behavior of the neotropical treefrog Hyla microcephala. Copeia, 1985, 27 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444787","Lingnau, R., Guimaraes, L. D. & Bastos, R. P. (2004) Vocalizacoes de Hyla werneri (Anura, Hylidae) no sul do Brasil. Phyllomedusa, 3, 115 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2316 - 9079. v 3 i 2 p 115 - 120"]}

Na estação reprodutiva, os anuros se aglomeram em sítios onde formam assembléias de vocalização. Diferentes contextos sociais ocorrem nessas ocasiões, onde os machos modificam ativamente seus comportamentos entre atrair fêmeas e defender seus territórios e recursos. Por exercerem grande importância para as interações sociais de anuros, suas vocalizações apresentam uma ferramenta para estudos envolvendo seleção sexual e interações agressivas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a variação temporal dos cantos de anúncio e agressivos de Hypsiboas goianus ao longo de 10 estações reprodutivas que perfazem 18 anos de intervalo temporal em uma população e a resposta acústica de machos focais em seguidas interações a um competidor coespecífico. As gravações foram realizadas na Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, município de Silvânia, Goiás, Brasil. Para a análise temporal, foram analisados, no máximo, cinco cantos de anúncio e cinco cantos agressivos de cada indivíduo. Foram extraídos parâmetros temporais (duração do canto, número e duração de pulsos, taxa de repetição de cantos e de pulsos) e um parâmetro espectral (frequência dominante). Para as análises das interações competitivas, as taxas de repetição dos cantos de anúncio, agressivos e total foram consideradas em repostas a cantos coespecíficos de anúncio ofertados em 10 períodos de playback. Os parâmetros acústicos não diferiram dentro do intervalo de tempo analisado. Os indivíduos alteraram seu comportamento acústico com a simulação da chegada de um novo competidor durante as primeiras interações com o playback (playback 1 e 2), posteriormente voltando a emitir taxas de repetição de cantos similares à aquelas observadas no período pre-playback. During the reproductive season, the anurans crowd in sites where they can constitute vocalization assemblies. Different social contexts occur during these occasions, where the male individuals modify actively their behavior between attracting the female individuals and defending their territory and resources. Of huge importance for the social interaction of anurans, their vocalization acts as a tool for studies about sexual selection and aggressive interactions. Thereby, we aimed to evaluate the temporal variation of the advertisement and aggressive calls of Hypsiboas goianus over the course of 10 reproductive seasons that amount 18 years of time-lapse in a population and the acoustic answer of focal males in repeated interactions with conspecific competitors. The records were performed in Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, city of Silvânia, Goiás, Brazil. For temporal analysis, five advertisement calls and five aggressive calls – at most – of each individual were analyzed. Temporal parameters (duration of call, number and duration of pulses, call and pulse repetition rate) and a spectral parameter (dominant frequency) were extracted. To analyze the competitive interactions, the repetition rates of the advertisement, aggressive and total calls were considered as a response to the conspecific advertisement calls offered in 10 periods of playback. The acoustic parameters do not diverge inside the temporal lapse that was analyzed. The individuals modified their acoustic behavior with the simulation of the arrival of a new competitor during the first interactions with the playback (playback 1 e 2), afterward, the repetition taxes of calls were similar to those observed in the pre-playback period were, once again, emitted. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES