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Large amounts of free radicals generate oxidative stress resulting in cell damage. Cigarettes are a source of exogenous free radicals containing various toxic substances. Cigarettes exposure decreased Leydig cells and testosterone. Cordyceps militaris has strong antioxidant effect that can counteract the effects of free radicals. This research was aimed to evaluate the administration of Cordyceps militaris in inhibiting the decrease in Leydig cell count and testosterone levels in male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. This study was a true experimental study with a post-test only control group design, using 30 male wistar rats which were randomly divided into three groups: control (P0) given aquadest, treated with Cordyceps militaris extract 50 mg/kgBW rats (P1), and 200 mg/kgBW rats (P2). All groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 days. Examination of testosterone and the amount of testicular Leydig cells were examined on the 31st day. The results showed that the mean amount of Leydig cells at P0 was 16.10±3.14/HPF, P1 was 18.87±1.76/HPF, and P2 was 30.34±0.72/HPF (p

Handling of nutritional problems of children under five can be done through the development of food products in the form of Moringa leaf flour cookies and Moringa seed flour cookies given to toddlers, and then assessed an increase in body weight and nutritional status. The purpose of the study was to look at differences in body weight and nutritional status after intervention from Moringa leaf flour cookies and Moringa seed flour cookies in toddlers. The study design uses a Randomized Controlled Trial Single Blind Pre-post Study. The study was conducted in the working area of the Tampa Padang Public Health Center in August-October 2019 on children aged 3-5 years. The number of samples was 50 people, 25 children have interfered with Moringa leaf flour cookies, and 25 children were intervened by Moringa seed flour. Analysis of nutrient consumption of toddler foods using the Nutri Survey program. Maternal nutrition consumption is expressed in percent of RDA. Statistical analysis using the T-test. The results showed changes in body weight before and after giving Moringa seed cookies and Moringa leaf cookies (p=0,025). There is a difference in the increase in weight of the two groups of samples, but statistically has not been able to improve the nutritional status, both those who were given Moringa seed flour substitute cookies and those who were given Moringa leaf flour substitution cookies (p=0,495). In conclusion, there is a change in toddler's body weight, but it is not yet significant to the nutritional status of toddlers. Penanganan masalah gizi anak balita dapat dilakukan melalui pengembangan produk pangan berupa cookies tepung daun kelor dan cookies tepung biji kelor yang diberikan kepada balita, selanjutnya dinilai peningkatan Berat Badan dan Status gizinya. Tujuan penelitian yaitu melihat perbedaan berat badan dan status gizi setelah diintervensi cookies tepung daun kelor dan cookies tepung biji kelor pada anak balita. Desain penelitian menggunakan Randomized Controlled Trial Single Blind Pre-post Study. Penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tampa Padang Kecamatan Kaluku, Kabupaten Mamuju Sulawesi Barat. Waktu penelitian dimulai pada bulan Agustus – Oktober 2019 terhadap anak balita berumur 3-5 tahun. Jumlah sampel 50 orang, 25 anak diintervensi cookies tepung daun kelor dan 25 anak diintervensi tepung biji kelor. Analisis zat gizi konsumsi pangan anak balita menggunakan program Nutri Survei. Konsumsi gizi ibu dinyatakan dalam persen AKG. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan berat badan sebelum dan setelah pemberian cookies biji kelor dan cookies daun kelor dengan nilai p=0,025 (p-value0,05). Kesimpulan, terdapat perubahan berat badan balita namun belum signifikan terhadap status gizi balita yang mendapatkan cookies berbahan daun kelor.

Malnutrition problems in Mamuju is still high in 2014. The results of nutritional assement status (PSG) in West Sulawesi on 2014 is underweight 39.7%, very underweight 20.5% and stunting 39.9% from the highest of five districts. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the incidence of behavior Kadarzi with undeweight and stunting. Samples of this study are children aged 0-24 months with total population with 150 children. Independent variable is Kadarzi behavior of the family, dependent variabel is nutritional status and sub variable is age, gender, body weight and body lenght. Samples were obtained through interviews and direct measurements from children. The method is analitic survey with cross sectional study. Statistical test with T test (Independent T-Test). The result is there was a relation between behavior of kadarzi with underweight and thin, there is no relation between behavior of kadarzi and stunting Keywords: kadarzi, nutrition status, child

Stunting is a major public health problem in most developing countries and part of the risk factors toward the high incidence of diseases both directly and indirectly. In Indonesia, stunting is a national problem with the percentage of incidence above the tolerance limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) which is < 20% (WHO, 2010). The results of Basic Health Research (2013) stated that stunting in children under fve in Indonesia in 2010 amounted to 41.6% increased to 47.9% in 2013 and for Mamuju Regency in West Sulawesi the percentage of stunting was 47.26%. There are several factors that infuence the incidence of stunting, including maternal education and parental income. The level of maternal education and low parental income will result in family limitations in providing nutritional needs both in quality and quantity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of maternal education and parental income with the incidence of stunting. This study was a cross sectional study conducted at SDN Salulayang Mamuju District with a sample of all 90 students. Variables were measuring through direct interviews and questionnaires methods. The results showed that the variables of maternal education levels were signifcantly associated with the incidence of stunting (p = 0.005), as well as parental income signifcantly associated with the incidence of stunting (p = 0.006). It is necessary to increase knowledge about nutrition, especially about stunting with the aim of prevention and the need for economic improvement through community empowerment so that there is no stunting problem caused by poverty.

Moringa leaf, a multi nutrient plant, in West Sulawesi has not been maximally utilized as a nutrientsource. Moringaleaves are useful as a family nutrient source to overcome micronutrient problem.