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Conventional in vitro propagation may affect normal morphophysiological characteristics and survival during the acclimatization of commercial plants, such as Etlingera Elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith. CO2 enrichment, gas-permeable membranes, and reduced carbohydrate concentration in culture media can be used to mitigate these effects. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of photomixotrophic and photoautotrophic growth on morphophysiological responses of E. elatior and its survival during ex vitro acclimatization. In vitro-established plants were placed in flasks containing semisolid MS medium with 0.54 µM α-naphthalene acetic acid and sucrose (0 or 15 g L−1). The flasks were sealed with lids with or without orifices covered by gas-permeable membranes and kept for 45 days under forced-air ventilation (360 or 1000 µmol−1 CO2). Growth variables, anatomical and physiological characteristics, and survival rate were evaluated. Overall, 1000 µmol mol−1 CO2, gas-permeable membranes, and 15 g L−1 sucrose resulted in plants with higher fresh and dry mass, higher level of photosynthetic pigments, as well as more developed secondary ribs in the leaves, prominent midribs, highly organized and differentiated chlorenchyma cells (palisade and spongy parenchyma), more developed vascular bundles, and intercellular gaps were reduced, compared to conventionally in vitro-propagated plants. Moreover, these conditions promote morphophysiological responses and favored survival of E. elatior plants (75%) when transferred to ex vitro conditions.

We aimed to evaluate the organogenic responses of root explants of Psidium schenckianum and P. guineense inoculated onto JADS liquid culture medium containing different concentrations (0.00, 2.22, and 4.44 µM) of 6-benzyladenine (BA) alone or in combination with 0.054 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). After 60 days of culture, the percentage of explants with shoots (PES) and number of shoots (NS) were recorded. Root explant samples were collected and analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopes. Elongated shoots were rooted and acclimatized. After acclimatization, the genetic stability of regenerated plants was characterized by flow cytometry. Shoot regeneration of P. guineense occurred at all treatments. On the other hand, the P. schenckianum did not respond at any conditions. The P. guineense species had the highest NS and PES at 2.22 and 0.00 µM BA, respectively, with no difference between these treatments. Shoots were formed via direct organogenesis from cells associated to the vascular tissues. Regenerated plants were acclimatized, yielding 100% survival rate. These regenerated plants kept the same ploidy as that of seed-germinated counterparts. This is the first report of P. guineense regeneration from root explants, which is a promising alternative for the micropropagation of this species.

This article suggests a comparative analysis of the book Galaxias by Haroldo de Campos (Brazil,1984) and The itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, a travel book wrote between 1160 and 1173. Our first objective is present the hypothesis that the poet realizes a rereading of this medieval travel writing, detaching resemblances, differences and some possible unfolding. For this, the investigation is concentrated in tree fundamentals aspects: the Galaxias structure; the constitutive elements on the reality representation and its equivalents in the evocated past; the present look over the past and the poetic procedures on the updated historic document.

Este artigo elabora uma analise comparativa do poema “Graciliano Ramos:” (1961) de Joao Cabral de Melo Neto, e os dois primeiros capitulos do romance Sao Bernardo (1934) de Graciliano Ramos, destacando as equivalencias entre estes dois textos voltados a prosa de Graciliano. No poema-homenagem, cada par de estrofes aborda diferentes aspectos da producao literaria de Graciliano Ramos: o primeiro par de estrofes alude a estrutura formal, fontes e gostos; o espirito critico, a tematica e a linguagem sertaneja sao sugeridos no segundo par; o terceiro par de estrofes trata do povo retratado; e a recepcao da obra agreste e seus efeitos sao abordados nas duas estrofes finais. A partir da investigacao desses aspectos, o presente artigo propoe-se a desvendar no discurso do narrador de Sao Bernardo , o autor Graciliano aos olhos do poeta Joao Cabral, seu equivalente literario. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47295/mren.v9i3.2408

This study aimed to propose a somatic embryogenesis protocol for lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) using leaf explants, as well as to characterize the cytological alterations involved in the regeneration process and ploidy fidelity of regenerated plants. The explants showed responsiveness and induced formation of pro-embryogenic structures in medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), reaching 100% of induction frequency at the concentrations of 10 and 20 µM. Somatic embryos differentiation occurred in both tested treatments: 6-benzyladenine (BA) and meta-Topolin (mT). The use of auxin and cytokinins on the somatic embryogenesis induction step generated true-to-type regenerants, maintaining the same ploidy levels. The plants obtained from both the differentiation of the somatic embryos and from seeds showed an average DNA amount of 3.53 pg, with and coefficient of variation of 2.9%, confirming that the regenerating plants are diploid (2n). Anatomical studies showed that the origin of somatic embryos is associated with the intense divisions of the vascular parenchyma. After transfer the somatic embryos to the differentiation and maturation media, there was an asynchronous germination and regeneration of in vitro lisianthus plants, with the best maturation occurred with 2 µM BA; 2 or 4 µM mT. This study opens new perspectives for somatic embryogenesis of lisianthus, so as to optimize the in vitro regeneration systems used in genetic breeding programs for this ornamental species.

El presente artículo elabora un análisis de la novela La invención de Morel (1940) del argentino Adolfo Bioy Casares, concentrando las investigaciones en la invención, tanto en sentido científico como literario, a partir de que pensamos la hipótesis de diálogo con la novela La montaña mágica (1924) de Thomas Mann. Tenendo en cuenta el escenario aislado vinculado a una enfermedad, y aspectos como la música, el tiempo, el amor y las clases sociales en evidencia, buscamos investigar las equivalencias y posibles desdoblamientos, asimismo la hipotética respuesta musical de Thomas Mann al supuesto homenaje de Bioy Casares. El cotejo incluye obras de otros autores que trantan de los mismos temas, buscando ecos de las anteriores, consonancia en las contemporáneas e influyencia en las posteriores.

Introdução: Por se tratar de um setor complexo e que compreende grande parte dos custos de um hospital, o centro cirúrgico demanda uma contínua avaliação de suas atividades, com o objetivo de propiciar uma melhora da sua eficiência e da segurança dos pacientes. Uma estratégia interessante para se realizar tal avaliação é a utilização de um conjunto de indicadores de qualidade preestabelecidos, dividindo os atributos do serviço em estrutura, processos e resultados. Para que isso seja possível, é necessário que o serviço analisado possua uma fonte de dados bem estruturada, tendo o Núcleo Interno de Regulação um papel importante nesse processo. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise de índices de gestão do centro cirúrgico de um hospital terciário especializado em cirurgias eletivas através da mensuração de dados referentes a indicadores de qualidade. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo feito de forma retrospectiva em um hospital escola público do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foram mensurados 18 indicadores referentes ao período de 01/06/2019 a 31/12/2019, a partir de consultas a diferentes setores administrativos do local. Os resultados passaram por uma análise estatística descritiva ao final da coleta de dados. Resultados: Os principais resultados encontrados foram: taxa de cumprimento da agenda cirúrgica de 95,8%, taxa de cancelamento de 4,1%, taxa de ocupação de 47,9%, turnover de 23,1 minutos, tempo médio de atraso no início das cirurgias de 32,8 minutos, tempo de permanência na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica de 37,4 minutos, taxa de absenteísmo dos profissionais de 8,94% e as taxas de infecção do sítio cirúrgico, de mortalidade operatória e de acidente de trabalho foram todas 0%. Conclusões: Apesar da alta taxa de cumprimento da agenda cirúrgica, a taxa de ocupação se encontrou aquém do ideal, sugerindo que o agendamento das cirurgias pode ser melhorado. Além disso, demonstrou-se que a estratégia de “cirurgias reservas” adotada no hospital auxilia no cumprimento da meta de cirurgias programadas e no aumento da taxa de ocupação.

RESUMO Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar se, e em que medida, o marcador de gênero conforma diferentes perspectivas, oportunidades e incentivos que homens e mulheres na carreira esportiva no futsal, bem como para a reconversão para outra carreira vocacional. Para isso, descrevemos o perfil de atletas homens e mulheres sob o ponto de vista da trajetória esportiva e da dupla carreira. Utilizamos um questionário com 95 homens e 87 mulheres, participantes dos campeonatos adultos de futsal paulista. Nossos resultados apontam que a dupla carreira é predominante tanto para homens quanto para mulheres. Para elas, a dupla carreira com os estudos vai da adolescência até a idade adulta, quando os clubes as concedem bolsa universitária e salário. Após o ensino superior, as chances de permanência no futsal diminuem para mulheres, o que pode indicar a reconversão para outra carreira vocacional e chance de mobilidade social, já que elas são a primeira geração da família a atingir esse nível de ensino. Para os homens, a dupla carreira se estabelece mais precocemente, na infância e se torna, na idade adulta, conciliação com o trabalho, pois, com exceção de uma pequena parcela, a maioria não é remunerada para jogar. Essas diferenças demonstram a desigualdade de desenvolvimento do futsal entre os gêneros. ABSTRACT This article analyzed whether, and to what extent, gender shapes different perspectives, opportunities and incentives to the athletic career in Brazilian futsal for men and women, as well to another vocational career. For this, we describe the profile of male and female athletes from their sporting trajectory and dual career. We used a questionnaire with 95 men and 87 women, participating in the adult futsal championships in São Paulo Our results show that dual careers are predominant for both men and women. For the latter, dual career with studies lasts from adolescence to adulthood, when clubs grant them a university scholarship and salary. After higher education, the chances of staying in futsal decrease for women, which may indicate the conversion to another vocational career and the chance of social mobility, since they are the first generation of their family to reach this level of education. For men, dual career is established earlier, in childhood and becomes, in adulthood, coping with work, since most are unpaid to play, with the exception of a small portion. These differences demonstrate the inequality of futsal development between genders.

O estudo tem por objetivo compreender como a regulação da educação incide sobre o acesso à educação superior. Parte-se do seguinte problema: Qual o papel da regulação no controle do acesso à educação superior e aos conhecimentos culturalmente produzidos? A metodologia prioriza a análise documental e considerou as mudanças provocadas tanto por inserção quanto por omissão de diretrizes nos documentos pesquisados. Os resultados indicam que o acesso à educação superior se dá sob tensões de projetos societários, políticos e alavancados por interesses de atendimento ao mercado e que as mudanças do cenário se materializam via regulações que agem normatizando oficialmente o controle aos níveis mais elevados do conhecimento ampliando ou restringindo o referido acesso.

Orientador: Maria Laura Trindade Mayrink-Sabinson Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho é narrar e refletir a minha trajetória de alfabetizadora de adultos, considerando duas etapas de minha formação. Na primeira somam-se a formação que recebi para o ensino da língua escrita na minha graduação em pedagogia na Unesp-Marília e a que recebi nos cursos de educação continuada oferecidos pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo em meados da década de oitenta. A segunda etapa diz respeito àquilo que pude aprender com a pesquisa que empreendi quando, insatisfeita com a produção textual de meus alunos, procurei alternativas em relação ao Método da Palavração de Freire, o qual, até então, utilizava na sala de aula. A insatisfação ocorreu porque utilizava acriticamente o Método da Palavração no ensino da escrita, pois faltou-me na graduação e na formação em serviço um conjunto de conhecimentos psicolinguísticos que fossem determinantes para que eu pudesse concluir que a qualidade que faltava aos textos de meus alunos estava na estreita relação que há entre a formação de um leitor e um melhor desempenho textual; conclusão que veio se formando no decorrer dessa pesquisa, sendo a percepção dessa relação o principal diferencial entre uma e outra etapa de minha história como alfabetizadora de adultos. Todavia, ao procurar caminhos alternativos ao Método da Palavração, em momento algum desconsiderei o legado de Freire em relação ao papel da criticidade na alfabetização de adultos, por entender que qualquer outra alternativa carregaria o peso da artificialidade se, ao menos, não tentasse presentificar em minha prática os fundamentos sócio-filosóficos que norte aram todos os esforços educacionais desse autor Abstract: Not informed. Mestrado Ensino-Aprendizagem de Lingua Materna Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:27:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-23 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Root growth is modulated by different factors, including phytohormones, transcription factors, and microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNA156 and its targets, the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes, define an age-dependent pathway that controls several developmental processes, including lateral root emergence. However, it remains unclear whether miR156-regulated SPLs control root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration. Here, we show that MIR156 and SPL genes have opposing expression patterns during the progression of primary root (PR) growth in Arabidopsis, suggesting that age cues may modulate root development. Plants with high miR156 levels display reduced meristem size, resulting in shorter primary root (PRs). Conversely, plants with reduced miR156 levels show higher meristem activity. Importantly, loss of function of SPL10 decreases meristem activity, while SPL10 de-repression increases it. Meristem activity is regulated by SPL10 probably through the reduction of cytokinin responses, via the modulation of type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1(ARR1) expression. We also show that SPL10 de-repression in the PRs abolishes de novo shoot regenerative capacity by attenuating cytokinin responses. Our results reveal a cooperative regulation of root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration by integrating age cues with cytokinin responses via miR156-targeted SPL10. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, Lab Mol Genet Plant Dev, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil State Univ Sao Paulo, Biosci Inst, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Roma La Sapienza, Lab Funct Genom & Prote Model Syst, Dipartimento Biol & Biotecnol, I-00185 Rome, Italy Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Plant Biol, Plant Tissue Culture Lab BIOAGRO, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil State Univ Sao Paulo, Biosci Inst, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 15/17892-7 FAPESP: 18/17441-3

In vitro photoautotrophic propagation system has been successfully established for Pfaffia glomerata, a medicinal species that produces the phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) under forced ventilation and CO2 enrichment. For that, an adequate supporting material with high porosity in place of agar is required. In this study, we investigated metabolic and morpho-anatomical alterations of two accessions (Ac) of P. glomerata (Ac 22 and Ac 43) under photoautotrophy conditions, using two supporting materials (agar and Florialite®) and two CO2 concentrations (360 and 1000 µL CO2 L−1). High CO2 concentration and the use of Florialite® as supporting material enhanced the production of 20E, and influenced on the levels of amino acids, sugars, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, stress related metabolites (aromatic amines and shikimate), and osmotic adjustment-related compounds (hydroxyproline, aspartate and myo-inositol). Interestingly, Ac 22 displayed less tolerance to stress caused by low photoautotrophy compared to Ac 43, as indicated by the higher total polyamines in Ac 22. Moreover, the accessions showed different metabolic responses under photoautotrophy. These findings provide a better understanding of how the supporting material and CO2 enrichment influence in vitro metabolism under photoautotrophic system in P. glomerata, wherein higher levels of gas exchange, enabled by use of Florialite® and CO2 enrichment, increased total sugars as well as the levels of 20E in the plants. This information will be fundamental to optimize the in vitro culture systems of P. glomerata for the production of 20E. Photoautotrophic propagation has the unique advantage of combining biological and environmental perspectives, resulting in morpho-physiologically well-adjusted plants grown in vitro or ex vitro. Our results revealed that the combined use of CO2 enrichment (1000 μL CO2 L−1) and supporting material (Florialite®) had great influence in the in vitro performance of P. glomerata and increased 20-hydroxyecdysone content. This combination also led to increased levels of amino acids, sugars, TCA cycle intermediates, and stress-related metabolites such as aromatic amines and shikimate, and osmotic adjustment-related compounds (hydroxyproline, aspartate, and myo-inositol).

Plant regeneration from reproductive organs is a poorly understood route in passion fruit. The present study provides a morpho-hystological description of somatic embryogenesis from anther culture in Passiflora gibertii N. E. Br., as well as a phytochemical profile and genetic analysis of ploidy in the generated embryos. Flower buds were collected during the pre-anthesis period. Murashige and Skoog culture medium was supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine. Embryogenic calluses were collected at different ages for histological, biochemical, and genetic evaluation of their ploidy. Anatomical characterization revealed the cell layers of the epidermal tissue involved in morphogenic events. Specifically, regions of intense cell division led to embryo formation and its subsequent regeneration. Moreover, as shown by hormonal and secondary compounds’ profiles, these regions were characterized by the presence of reserve compounds and higher levels of proteins and pectins. Finally, flow cytometry confirmed the diploid nature of the embryos. The present results define a pioneering study of anthers in P. gibertii N. E. Brown, and could serve as a blueprint for future in vitro regeneration protocols.

The homeschooling movement has produced a discourse to support the idea of effectiveness of home schooling. Dissonant of this narrative, the voice of the educators echoes reaffirming the indispensability of the school, the teacher and the State as providers of the right to education for learning and the full development of children and adolescents. In view of the defense that reverberates in the impossibility of an effective reaction from the subjects of this education (the students), this paper aims to highlight the implications of homeschooling for schooling, teacher professionalization and for education as a right. It uses discourse analysis, based on Fairclough, in a bibliographic-documentary study. The results indicate that the advocacy of homeschooling is supported in particular and exogenous cases without scientific evidence and disregards the risks of student segregation from the social learning environment. Keywords: Right to education. Homeschooling. Teaching professionalization. El movimiento por la reglamentación de homeschooling produjo un discurso para sostener la idea de efectividad de la enseñanza domiciliaria. Disonante de esa narrativa, resuena la voz de los educadores reafirmando la imprescindibilidad de la escuela, del profesor, y del Estado como garantizadores del derecho a la educación para el aprendizaje y del desarrollo pleno de los niños y de los adolescentes. Ante la defensa que reverbera en la imposibilidad de reacción afectiva de los sujetos de esa educación (los estudiantes) este artículo objetiva evidenciar implicaciones del homeschooling para la escolarización, la profesionalización docente y para la educación como derecho. Se utiliza el análisis del discurso basado en Fairclough en estudio bibliográfico documental. Los resultados indican que la defensa de homeschooling se ampara en casos particulares y exógenos sin evidencias científicas y no consideralos riesgos de la segregación del estudiante en el ambiente social de aprendizaje. Palabras clave: Derecho a la educación. Homeschooling. Profesionalización docente. O movimento pela regulamentação do homeschooling produziu um discurso para dar sustentação à ideia de efetividade do ensino domiciliar. Dissonante dessa narrativa, ecoa a voz dos educadores reafirmando a imprescindibilidade da escola, do professor e do Estado como garantidores do direito à educação para a aprendizagem e do desenvolvimento pleno das crianças e dos adolescentes. Diante da defesa que reverbera na impossibilidade de reação efetiva dos sujeitos dessa educação (os estudantes), este artigo objetiva evidenciar implicações do homeschooling para a escolarização, a profissionalização docente e para a educação como direito. Utiliza-se da análise de discurso, com base em Fairclough, em estudo bibliográfico-documental. Os resultados indicam que a defesa do homeschooling se ampara em casos particulares e exógenos sem evidências científicas e desconsidera os riscos da segregação do estudante do ambiente social de aprendizagem. Palavras-chave: Direito à educação. Homeschooling. Profissionalização docente.

Brachypodium distachyon is successfully used as a model grass species. The present study used molecular and chemical approaches to investigate the effects of the addition of the cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (BA) and two levels of gas exchange on the transcriptional regulation of lignin biosynthesis in B. distachyon. It was observed that the control of lignin biosynthesis is affected by both BA and the in vitro gas exchange rate, by sealing the vial with absence or presence of membranes. These observations are supported by anatomical and antioxidant enzyme activity analyses. However, the hyperhydricity caused by BA did not affect cell wall properties in B. distachyon. Interestingly, the CCR1 gene presented 70-fold increase in expression under the effect of BA and without membranes in addition to a significant increase in the peroxidases activity and total lignin content. Treatments with gas exchange showed higher qualitative accumulation of lignin S/G. Lignin pathway genes were transcriptionally coordinated according to the imposed treatment with apparent co-expression. Low expression of these genes was observed in the sealing treatment without membranes, while the opposite was verified in the condition of sealing with two membranes. CESA4 and CESA7 genes responded positively to gas exchange, without altering the cell wall cellulose/lignin ratio in B. distachyon. These results contribute to a better understanding of how cell wall-related gene expression is regulated by exogenous factors, as well as the many possibilities of cell wall manipulation due to its plasticity in adaptive responses.

An efficient protocol for in vitro plant propagation of Cyrtopodium paludicolum has been developed using root tips dissected from well-developed seedlings. Root tips were cultured on Knudson medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and/or thidiazuron (TDZ). TDZ did not induce protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) in the NAA absence, indicating phytoregulators synergistic effect. Medium supplemented with 1.34 μM NAA and 2.27 μM TDZ resulted in better response on PBLs, and subsequent shoot differentiation (55.25 shoots per explant), and in better rooting number and root length responses, favoring acclimatization with 90% of survived plants. However, the medium supplemented with only NAA (1.34 μM) resulted in 33.50 shoots per explant. Histological sections confirmed that only one PLB was induced per responsive root tip, and it showed numerous dispersed and extended meristemoids, or division centers that originated new PBLs. Additionally, this protocol could be an excellent model to study molecular aspects of root to shoot conversion.Key words

The wild grass species Brachypodium distachyon (L.) has been proposed as a new model for temperate grasses. Among the biotechnological tools already developed for the species, an efficient induction protocol of somatic embryogenesis (SE) using immature zygotic embryos has provided the basis for genetic transformation studies. However, a systematic work to better understanding the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the SE process of this grass species is still missing. Here, we present new insights at the morpho-histological, histochemical, and molecular aspects of B. distachyon SE pathway. Somatic embryos arose from embryogenic callus formed by cells derived from the protodermal-dividing cells of the scutellum. These protodermal cells showed typical meristematic features and high protein accumulation which were interpreted as the first observable steps towards the acquisition of a competent state. Starch content decreased along embryogenic callus differentiation supporting the idea that carbohydrate reserves are essential to morphogenetic processes. Interestingly, starch accumulation was also observed at late stages of SE process. Searches in databanks revealed three sequences available annotated as BdSERK, being two copies corresponding to SERK1 and one showing greater identity to SERK2. In silico analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic domains in a B. distachyon Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase genes candidates (BdSERKs), which suggests SERK functions are conserved in B. distachyon. In situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of transcripts of BdSERK1 in all development since globular until scutellar stages. The results reported in this study convey important information about the morphogenetic events in the embryogenic pathway which has been lacking in B. distachyon. This study also demonstrates that B. distachyon provides a useful model system for investigating the genetic regulation of SE in grass species.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of auxin pulse intervals on the induction of somatic embryos of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla and to describe the embryogenic behavior of callus under the effect of auxinic stress. Cotyledons were inoculated in culture medium containing 207.07 µM picloram, a treatment considered as auxin pulse. Explants that were in the auxin pulse treatment were transferred to semisolid or liquid medium containing 20.71 µM picloram after one, two, four or eight days of auxin pulse. In a second experiment, explants that were on auxin pulse treatment were transferred to semi-solid medium containing 20.71 µM picloram after one, two or three days of auxin pulse. Auxiliary picloram pulse treatments (207.02 µM) can be used as an initial source of stress for the acquisition of embryogenic competence. The oxidation of cotyledonary explants may be considered as an indication of the formation of embryogenic calli. The presence of pectins in peripheral regions of somatic pro-embryos can be considered as a marker of somatic embryogenesis in cotyledonary explants of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de intervalos de pulsos de auxina na indução de embriões somáticos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla e a descrição do comportamento embriogênico de calos sob efeito do estresse auxínico. Cotilédones foram inoculados em meio de cultura contendo 207,07 µM de picloram, tratamento considerado como pulso de auxina. Explantes que estavam no tratamento de pulso de auxina foram transferidos para meio semissólido ou líquido, contendo 20,71 µM de picloram, após um, dois, quatro ou oito dias de pulso de auxina. Num segundo experimento, explantes que estavam no tratamento de pulso de auxina foram transferidos para meio semissólido contendo 20,71 µM de picloram, após um, dois ou três dias de pulso de auxina. Tratamentos com pulso da auxina picloram (207,02 µM) podem ser utilizados como fonte de estresse inicial para aquisição da competência embriogênica. A oxidação de explantes cotiledonares pode ser considerada um indício de formação de calos embriogênicos. A presença de pectinas em regiões periféricas de pró-embriões somáticos pode ser considerada como marcador de embriogênese somática em explantes cotiledonares de Eucalyptus gradis x E. urophylla.

The present study aimed to verify the effects of induced polyploidization on Pfaffia glomerata regarding its 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) production both in vitro and under greenhouse conditions, its in vitro photoautotrophic potential, and its ex vitro biomass accumulation and photosynthetic performance. Synthetic polyploidization efficiently produced individuals with increased in vitro photoautotrophic potential and ex vitro biomass accumulation, although photosynthetic rates per leaf area did not vary between diploids and tetraploids. Among the five tetraploids tested (P28, P60, P68, P74, and P75), P28 showed significantly increased biomass both in vitro and ex vitro when compared with diploid plants, whereas the other tetraploids did not differ significantly from the diploids in terms of biomass accumulation. Although photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area remained constant among all the plants tested, P28 showed a significantly greater total leaf area, which may have resulted in an increase in net photosynthesis on a whole-plant basis. Under greenhouse conditions, the 20E content in the tetraploid P28 was 31% higher than that in diploid plants, and the final 20E mass per plant produced by P28 ex vitro was approximately twice that produced by diploid plants. Accumulation of 20E in vitro did not follow the same pattern observed among the plants ex vitro; instead, greater accumulation was observed in diploid plants. The induction of polyploidy in P. glomerata appears to be a promising strategy for producing plants with higher biomass accumulation and 20E production ex vitro, in addition to its higher in vitro photoautotrophic potential.

Introdução: A crescente importância da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e da promoção da saúde, no Brasil, tem colocado em evidência o tópico da qualidade de vida de usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivo: Correlacionar a qualidade de vida (QV) de homens de classe popular, usuários de Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF), com variáveis sociodemográficas. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico. Participaram 300 homens, usuários de uma USF do município de Vitória, ES. Eles responderam ao WHOQOL-BREF, aplicado como entrevista individual, e a um questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram analisados com teste t, ANOVA, ANCOVA e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: Os usuários que estavam trabalhando obtiveram escores maiores do que aqueles que não estavam trabalhando nos domínios de QV: global (t=1,98; p=0,04), físico (t=4,88; p

Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de pacientes em tratamento oncológico ambulatorial sobre o ato de se alimentar, investigar as mudanças alimentares e como enfrentam as restrições físicas e alimentares dos pacientes em relação a doenças e/ou tratamento. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e quantiqualitativo, realizado com pacientes adultos, em acompanhamento nutricional em um hospital oncológico em Belém-Pará. Foi aplicado formulário com oito perguntas sobre a percepção do ato de se alimentar frente aos desafios impostos pelo tratamento oncológico, dados clínicos e sociodemográficos. Resultados: Participaram 24 pacientes oncológicos entre 29 e 80 anos, sendo a maioria adulto (70,8%). Houve prevalência de mulheres (79,2%), com câncer de mama (45,8%) e em tratamento pós-cirúrgico (58,3%). Alterações fisiológicas e/ou sensoriais afetam a alimentação do paciente, causando insatisfação e tristeza com a mudança alimentar. A saúde comprometida, os agravos ocasionados pelo tratamento e as mudanças na alimentação têm impacto emocional, levando a maioria a buscar apoio da religião, família, amigos ou profissionais de saúde (95,2%). Conclusão: As mudanças na alimentação e as restrições impostas ocasionam insatisfação e têm influência na qualidade de vida, embora a maioria concorde que a alimentação adequada diminui os agravos e está relacionada à recuperação.

Light quality is perceived by plants through several receptors and generates diverse morphological, metabolic, and genetic responses. In this study, the identification of new putative lignocellulosic genes, expression analysis, as well as morphological, anatomical, enzymatic, and chemical characteristics were investigated in Brachypodium distachyon plants grown in vitro under different light treatments. Treatments with fluorescent lamps (FL), white light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, and blue/red (B/R) LED bulbs showed different effects on B. distachyon, acting on specific targets to promote functional adaptation. The FL, traditionally used in growth rooms, led to higher growth rates and deposition of S and G lignins, greater cellulose content, and higher expression of cellulose-synthase 4 (BbCESA4) and cellulose-synthase 7 (BdCESA7) genes. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (BdPAL1) and ferulate-5-hydroxylase (BdF5H1) genes were upregulated in plants exposed to B/R LED light when compared to those grown under FL and white LED light, while other analyzed genes did not vary in expression among treatments. BdCESA4 was downregulated under B/R LED light, light quality that led to smaller plants, with increased lignin content, higher abundance of G lignin than S lignin, and decreased total cellulose content compared to the other treatments. In white LED light, both BdCESA4 and BdCESA7 were downregulated compared to FL, in addition to a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. The spectral quality of the LED bulbs altered lignin and cellulose contents, expression of their synthesis-route genes, as well as anatomical and antioxidative defense mechanisms. These results suggest that light quality regulates cell wall deposition and lignification patterns in B. distachyon.

Este artigo descreveu o perfil das atletas e o contexto do futsal feminino e analisou a relação entre o perfil socioeconômico, a formação esportiva e a carreira esportiva destas jogadoras no estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, aplicamos um questionário misto para 87 atletas, abarcando todas as que disputaram o campeonato paulista, de 2015. Nossos resultados apontam que a carreira no futsal de mulheres é pouco estruturada, o que ajuda a compreender o motivo pelo qual o perfil das atletas é direcionado àquelas de famílias de baixo capital cultural e poder aquisitivo. Para as mulheres, a carreira no futsal constitui um paradoxo, pois não é um projeto de vida em si, mas a fonte de acesso a outro, que pode se consolidar como uma possibilidade de mudança social para elas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic embryogenesis in juvenile explants of the THB papaya cultivar. Apical shoots and cotyledonary leaves were inoculated in an induction medium composed of different concentrations of 2,4-D (6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 µM) or 4-CPA (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 µM). The embryogenic calluses were transferred to a maturation medium for 30 days. Histological analysis were done during the induction and scanning electron microscopy after maturing. For both types of auxin, embryogenesis was achieved at higher frequencies with cotyledonary leaves incubated in induction medium than with apical shoots; except for callogenesis. The early-stage embryos (e.g., globular or heart-shape) predominated. Among the auxins, best results were observed in cotyledonary leaves induced with 4-CPA (25 µM). Histological analyses of the cotyledonary leaf-derived calluses confirmed that the somatic embryos (SEs) formed from parenchyma cells, predominantly differentiated via indirect and multicellular origin and infrequently via synchronized embryogenesis. The secondary embryogenesis was observed during induction and maturation phases in papaya THB cultivar. The combination of ABA (0.5 µM) and AC (15 g L-1) in maturation medium resulted in the highest somatic embryogenesis induction frequency (70 SEs callus-1) and the lowest percentage of early germination (4%).

Resumo O artigo apresenta o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins no contexto da educação profissional e tecnológica no Brasil. O objetivo consiste em apresentar o Instituto Federal do Tocantins enfatizando a idiossincrasia de sua constituição com recorte para o atendimento assistencial aos alunos do campus Palmas. Utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfico-documental e a observação participante. A base teórica ampara-se nas seguintes leis: lei de criação dos institutos federais, no acordo de metas e compromissos para os fins de estruturação, organização e atuação dos institutos federais de educação e no decreto n. 7.234, de 19 de julho de 2010, do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil, entre outros. Apresenta um breve panorama do Instituto Federal do Tocantins. Palavras-chave: institutos federais, educação profissional e tecnológica, assistência estudantil. BACKGROUND OF THE OFFICE OF FEDERAL POLICY ON BALL TOCANTINS PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY Abstract The article presents the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins in vocational and technological education in Brazil. The objective is to present the Federal Institute of Tocantins emphasizing the idiosyncrasy of its constitution with cutout for assistance services to students on campus Palmas. We used the bibliographic and documentary research and participant observation. The theoretical basis bolsters on the following laws: law of the federal institutes of creation, in the target and commitment agreement for the purposes of structuring, organization and performance of the federal education and decree n. 7.234, of July 19, 2010, the National Student Assistance Program, among others. Provides a brief overview of the Federal Institute of Tocantins. Key-words: federal institutes, vocational and technological education, student assistance.

This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro morphogenic response of adult explants of Bixa orellana and to establish a regeneration protocol from adult nodal and internodal explants from 16-year-old adult plants propagated by air-layering. For internodal segments the following treatments were used: T1, MS medium lacking growth regulators (MS0); T2, MS + 4.92 µM 6-I³,I³-dimetylalylamino-purine (2-iP); T3, MS + 4.56 µM Zeatin (ZEA); T4, MS + 4.44 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA); T5, MS + 4.54 µM Thidiazuron (TDZ), with ten repetitions for each treatment. Thirty days after establishment of INS, better regeneration rates were achieved with ZEA and TDZ, when compared to BA, 2-iP and MS0. For nodal segments the best results were obtained using the combination of 2iP and BA. In conclusion, the promotive effect of direct adventitious organogenesis from adult internodal segments or axillary shoot proliferation from adult nodal segments, in B. Orellana, is dependent on the type and concentration of cytokinin used. Histological analyses showed the presence of meristemoids in the regenerated tissue. This region was characterized by the typical organization of the vascular system into a cylindrical structure, with central xylem, and with fast proliferating and radially distributed cells. Our analyses also revealed that all budding activity had a vascular system connected to the original explant, confirming the organogenic pathway-related ontogeny. We suggest the use of MS medium supplemented with cytokinins ZEA or TDZ and 2iP or BA for regeneration of annatto from INS and NS, respectively, which will reduce the regeneration time of this species in vitro. The protocol could be further used in transformation systems applied to adult elite genotypes to improve bixin production. This is the first report on adventitious regeneration from adult explants of annatto.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar o efeito do tipo de explante e concentrações de auxinas na indução, bem como o efeito do meio de cultura e de concentrações de auxina na proliferação de embriões somáticos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Sementes e cotilédones foram utilizados como explantes e inoculados em meio de cultura de indução contendo 1,13; 2,26; 3,39 e 4,52 µM de dicamba ou 4,14; 10,35; 20,71 e 31,06 µM de picloram. Calos embriogênicos induzidos nos tratamentos com picloram foram utilizados como explantes e inoculados em meio semissólido ou líquido contendo 4,14; 10,35; 20,71 e 31,06 µM de picloram, mantendo-se a origem dos calos embriogênicos (sementes ou cotilédones) e a concentração de picloram em que os mesmos estavam na fase de indução. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas, descritivas e anatômicas. A indução de pró-embriões somáticos em material vegetal juvenil de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla pode ser realizada utilizando-se sementes ou cotilédones como fonte de explantes, e dicamba e picloram como reguladores de crescimento adicionados ao meio de cultura. O uso de cotilédones como fonte de explantes e a concentração de 4,1 µM de picloram adicionado ao meio de cultura resultou em maiores médias na indução de pró-embriões somáticos, A proliferação de pró-embriões somáticos secundários pode ser obtida utilizando meio liquido adicionado de picloram. The objective of the present study was to test the effects of explant type, auxin concentrations, culture media, and auxin concentrations on the induction and proliferation of somatic embryos of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Seeds and cotyledons were used as explants and inoculated in culture media containing 1.13, 2.26, 3.39 and 4.52 µM dicamba or 4.14, 10.35, 20.71 and 31.06 µM picloram. Embryogenic calli induced in the picloram treatments were used as explants and inoculated in semisolid or liquid media containing 4.14, 10.35, 20.71 and 31.06 µM picloram and keeping the origin of the embryogenic callus (seeds or cotyledons) and the concentration of picloram in those who were in the induction phase. Statistical, descriptive and anatomical analyses were performed. Induction of somatic pro-embryos into the juvenile plant material of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla was performed using seeds or cotyledons as the source of explants, with the addition of dicamba and picloram as growth regulators. The use of cotyledons as a source of explants and the concentration of 4.1 µM picloram added to the culture media resulted in a higher induction of somatic pro-embryos. Proliferation of secondary somatic embryos was achieved using liquid medium added with picloram.

A violência entre parceiros íntimos (VPI) caracteriza-se por qualquer ação dentro do relacionamento íntimo que resulte em prejuízos físicos, psicológicos ou sexuais entre os parceiros na relação conjugal. A VPI ocorre por meio de agressões físicas, psicológicas, sexuais, morais e/ou patrimoniais. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou levantar dados acerca da ocorrência de violência contra o homem perpetrada por sua parceira íntima no país e as suas relações com o abuso de substâncias, a ansiedade e a depressão. Trata-se de um levantamento amostral, de caráter transversal, quali/quantitativo, com amostra não probabilística de 320 homens obtida por conveniência via coleta de questionários online. Os instrumentos utilizados na etapa quantitativa foram: questionário sociodemográfico próprio; a Escala de Violência entre Parceiros Íntimos (EVIPI), o Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST); a Escala Cognitiva de Ansiedade (ECOGA); e a Escala Baptista de Depressão (EBADEP). Para coleta da etapa qualitativa foi utilizado um roteiro de questões semiestruturadas. As perguntas que orientaram este estudo foram: a) existe a violência contra o homem nas relações conjugais na amostra obtida? b) existem relações entre a violência e o uso de substâncias, sintomas depressivos e/ou ansiosos na amostra de homens entrevistados? c) os homens rastreados como vítimas da VPI possuem índices maiores de ansiedade, depressão e/ou abuso de substâncias? Através da etapa qualitativa do estudo, objetivou-se identificar as percepções dos homens rastreados como vítimas da VPI. No que se refere às análises, na primeira etapa foram efetuadas análises estatísticas descritivas e correlacionais enquanto que na segunda etapa, fase qualitativa, foi utilizada a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (Bardin, 2011). No que se refere aos resultados, da amostra de 320 homens entrevistados, 109 homens foram enquadrados como vítimas da VPI, representando 34.1% da amostra total. Na associação entre a VPI e o abuso de substâncias, observou-se que os homens os quais fazem uso abusivo de tabaco e maconha possuem, respectivamente, 3 e 2,5 vezes mais risco de serem vítimas da VPI. Quanto à ansiedade e depressão, também foi encontrada associação apontando para um maior escore entre os homens vítimas da VPI. Em relação a etapa qualitativa, dos 109 homens vítimas 30 aceitaram participar enviando seus depoimentos. Nestes, observou-se que a violência mais pontuada foi a violência psicológica com destaque para o controle de comportamento, agressões verbais, ameaças, humilhações e gritos. Quanto à busca de auxílio diante da agressão, a maior parte dos entrevistados declararam não ter recorrido a nenhum tipo de serviço especializado e ainda possuir contato com o (a) agressor (a). Conclui-se assim que a pesquisa atingiu seu objetivo investigando dados acerca da VPI contra o homem no Brasil. Entretanto, diante às limitações do mesmo, tornam-se necessários outros estudos e pesquisas que venham investigar a VPI contra o homem e suas relações com a ansiedade, depressão e abuso de substâncias através de uma amostra probabilística que permita maiores generalizações e inferências. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is characterized by any action inside the intimate relationship that results in physical, psychological or sexual harms among partners in a conjugal relationship. The VPI occur via physical, psychological, sexual, moral and / or property damages acts. Thus, this research aimed to collect data about the occurrence of violence against man perpetrated by his intimate partner in Brazil and its relations with substance abuse, anxiety and depression. This study is characterized as a cross-sectional qualitative / quantitative with a non-probabilistic sample of 320 men obtained by online questionnaires. We used as instruments: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Intimate Partner Violence Scale (EVIPI), the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), the Anxiety Cognitive Scale (ECOGA) and the Baptist Depression Scale (EBADEP). For the qualitative research, a semi structured script questionnaire was used. The questions which guided this study were: a) is there violence against man in marital relationships in the sample obtained? b) are there associations between violence and substance use, depressive and / or anxious symptoms in the sample interviewed? c) do men screened as victims of IPV have higher rates of anxiety, depression and / or substance abuse? In addition the qualitative research aimed to identify men`s perceptions when screened as IPV`s victims. Descriptive and correlational statistic were done for quantitative analysis, while to qualitative analysis, the Bardin Content Analysis was used. Results presented 109 men IPV`s victims of 320 interviewed, representing 34.1% of the total sample. For the association between IPV and substance abuse, it has been observed that men who abuse tobacco and marijuana have, respectively, three and twice and half more chances to be IPV’s victims. For anxiety and depression, was found a positive association with IPV`s men victims. Regarding the qualitative evaluation, 30 of the 109 victims have accepted to participate sending their testimonies. It was observed that the most punctuated violence among the interviewees was the psychological violence with emphasis on behavior control, verbal aggression, threats, humiliation and shouting. Regarding to seeking for take care services, most of the interviewees pointed that they have never searched for any kind of specialized service, and furthermore, they still have contact with their aggressor. We concluded that the research reached its objective which was to investigate data about IPV against men in Brazil. However, due to its limitations, further studies are needed to investigate IPV against man and his relationships with anxiety, depression and substance abuse in a probabilistic sample that allows greater generalizations and inferences.

This study demonstrated that somatic embryogenesis and de novo shoot organogenesis-based systems of root-derived Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) explants can be alternatively induced by exogenous supply of auxin or cytokinin. Somatic embryogenesis was observed when root explants were cultured in the dark on Murashige and Skoog-based medium supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Somatic embryos were differentiated by transferring embryonic calluses to an embryo conversion phase medium containing 2 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) to promote full plantlet development. Regarding de novo shoot organogenesis, the addition of 4 μM of either BA or zeatin was the most effective treatment for inducing adventitious shoot buds. A detailed histological characterization of somatic embryogenesis and de novo shoot organogenesis showed that both morphogenetic processes shared the same cellular origin. The formation of somatic embryos and adventitious shoot buds occurred through the reactivation of pericycle and vascular parenchyma cells into proembryos and meristemoids, respectively, which consisted of meristematic cells with similar characteristics. These results provide further evidence of optimization of in vitro propagation as a useful approach to improve this important ornamental species.

The objective of the present study was to test the effects of explant type, auxin concentrations, culture media, and auxin concentrations on the induction and proliferation of somatic embryos of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Seeds and cotyledons were used as explants and inoculated in culture media containing 1.13, 2.26, 3.39 and 4.52 µM dicamba or 4.14, 10.35, 20.71 and 31.06 µM picloram. Embryogenic calli induced in the picloram treatments were used as explants and inoculated in semisolid or liquid media containing 4.14, 10.35, 20.71 and 31.06 µM picloram and keeping the origin of the embryogenic callus (seeds or cotyledons) and the concentration of picloram in those who were in the induction phase. Statistical, descriptive and anatomical analyses were performed. Induction of somatic pro-embryos into the juvenile plant material of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla was performed using seeds or cotyledons as the source of explants, with the addition of dicamba and picloram as growth regulators. The use of cotyledons as a source of explants and the concentration of 4.1 µM picloram added to the culture media resulted in a higher induction of somatic pro-embryos. Proliferation of secondary somatic embryos was achieved using liquid medium added with picloram. RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar o efeito do tipo de explante e concentrações de auxinas na indução, bem como o efeito do meio de cultura e de concentrações de auxina na proliferação de embriões somáticos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Sementes e cotilédones foram utilizados como explantes e inoculados em meio de cultura de indução contendo 1,13; 2,26; 3,39 e 4,52 µM de dicamba ou 4,14; 10,35; 20,71 e 31,06 µM de picloram. Calos embriogênicos induzidos nos tratamentos com picloram foram utilizados como explantes e inoculados em meio semissólido ou líquido contendo 4,14; 10,35; 20,71 e 31,06 µM de picloram, mantendo-se a origem dos calos embriogênicos (sementes ou cotilédones) e a concentração de picloram em que os mesmos estavam na fase de indução. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas, descritivas e anatômicas. A indução de pró-embriões somáticos em material vegetal juvenil de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla pode ser realizada utilizando-se sementes ou cotilédones como fonte de explantes, e dicamba e picloram como reguladores de crescimento adicionados ao meio de cultura. O uso de cotilédones como fonte de explantes e a concentração de 4,1 µM de picloram adicionado ao meio de cultura resultou em maiores médias na indução de pró-embriões somáticos, A proliferação de pró-embriões somáticos secundários pode ser obtida utilizando meio liquido adicionado de picloram.

O calculo do indice de vegetacao por diferenca normalizada (NDVI) obtidas a partir de imagens do satelite Landsat 5, sensor TM do ano de 2005 e do satelite Landsat 8, sensor OLI do ano 2015 foram utilizadas para delimitar areas com diferentes densidades de cobertura vegetal nos Municipios de Santarem, Belterra, Placas, Aveiro e Mojui dos Campos no Oeste do Para. As imagens de NDVI permitiram diferenciar areas com cobertura vegetal. E foi possivel constatar muitas mudancas na paisagem. Os dados obtidos constituem informacao preliminar para estudos que visem monitorar e fiscalizar os servicos ambientais prestados pelas diferentes formas de uso e cobertura da terra, bem como para mitigar os impactos negativos causados pelas alteracoes na Amazonia Brasileira.

O artigo apresenta o Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins no contexto da educação profissional e tecnológica no Brasil. O objetivo consiste em apresentar o Instituto Federal do Tocantins enfatizando a idiossincrasia de sua constituição com recorte para o atendimento assistencial aos alunos do campus Palmas. Utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfico-documental e a observação participante. A base teórica ampara-se nas seguintes leis: Lei de criação dos Institutos Federais, no Acordo de Metas e Compromissos para os fins de estruturação, organização e atuação dos Institutos Federais de Educação e no Decreto n. 7.234, de 19 de julho de 2010, do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil, entre outros. Apresenta um breve panorama do Instituto Federal do Tocantins. Palavras-chave: institutos federais, educação profissional e tecnológica, assistência estudantil.

This study establishes a protocol for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Anthurium andraeanum cv. Eidibel. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized 5 x 5 x 5 factorial design using five explant types (whole leaves, half leaves; petiole; nodal segments and root segments) from in vitro plantlets; five auxins: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram); at five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 µM), with five replications using five Petri dishes. The cultures were maintained in a growth room at 25 ± 2ºC in the dark. The explant type was investigated for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in anthurium cv. Eidibel, and nodal segments were shown to be the most suitable explant for this process. After 60 days in culture, the highest number of embryogenic calli was recorded for the nodal segments cultured in NAA (5, 7.5 and 10 µM), 2,4-D (10 µM) and Picloram (7.5 and 10 µM). The histological analysis confirmed the presence of embryos with established polarization, procambium, ground meristem and protoderm in the nodal segments cultured in Pierik medium containing 10 µM NAA. After the conversion of the somatic embryos into plantlets, these plantlets were acclimatized transferred to in vivo conditions and grown into normal plants.

A violência entre parceiros íntimos (VPI) é um fenômeno social e um problema de saúde pública. Entretanto, na maioria dos casos, é abordada apresentando a mulher como vítima e homem seu respectivo agressor. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa realizou um levantamento com profissionais e estagiários de psicologia e do serviço social a fim de investigar suas percepções, visões e experiências acerca da violência contra o homem, perpetrada por sua parceira íntima, no município de Juiz de Fora/MG, bem como levantar dados da VPI contra o homem. Para análise utilizou-se estatística descritiva e a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Inicialmente foi feito um mapeamento das instituições e do número de profissionais. Por fim, o estudo entrevistou 40 profissionais e estagiários da psicologia e do serviço social atuantes na área judicial, CRAS e CREAS. Dos resultados 95.0% informaram acreditar que o homem pode ser vítima da VP e 37.5% já atenderam homens. Desta forma, percebe-se a existência da VPI contra o homem no município.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of forced ventilation and CO2 enrichment (360 or 720 μmol mol−1 CO2) on the in vitro growth and development of Pfaffia glomerata, an endangered medicinal species, under photomixotrophic or photoautotrophic conditions. P. glomerata nodal segments showed substantial differences in growth, relative water content and water loss from leaves, photosynthetic pigments, stomatal density, and leaf anatomical characteristics under these different treatments. CO2 enrichment led to increased photosynthetic pigments and reduced stomatal density of in vitro cultivated P. glomerata. A lack of sucrose in the culture medium increased 20-hydroxyecdysone levels, but the increase in CO2 levels did not further elevate the accumulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone. All growth increased in a CO2-enriched atmosphere. In addition, CO2 enrichment, with or without sucrose, gave a lower relative water loss from leaves. This finding indicates that either a photoautotrophic or photomixotrophic system in a CO2-enriched atmosphere may be suitable for large-scale propagation of this species.

Maturation of somatic embryos of Anthurium andraeanum cv. Eidibel from embryogenic callus was evaluated. Following induction of embryogenic calli from nodal segments, tissues were transferred to 125-mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 25 mL liquid medium, with 0, 4.52, or 9.05 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0, 0.47, or 2.32 μM kinetin. Callus cultures were maintained in a dark growth room at 25 ± 2°C. At 45 d, the mass of embryogenic calli, number of primary and secondary somatic embryos, and percentage browning were evaluated. Nonparametric tests were used to evaluate color, texture, and somatic embryo development. The highest yield of somatic embryos was in the medium with 0.47 μM kinetin. Calli were friable, with a lower yield of secondary somatic embryos, and have minimal browning. Histology revealed polar globular somatic embryos and mature somatic embryos with defined apical and root meristematic zones, axillary buds, and primary leaves. These are important features for converting somatic embryos into plantlets.

Resumo O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi investigar e correlacionar padrões de consumo de álcool, percepções sobre características de gênero e qualidade de vida de homens usuários de Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF). Trata-se de estudo descritivo e correlacional, com coleta de dados realizada em 2013 ao longo de seis meses. Participaram 300 homens usuários de uma USF de Vitória, ES, que responderam ao Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, ao Bem Sex Role Inventory e ao WHOQOL- Bref, além de questionário sociodemográfico. Verificou-se não haver correlação entre autoatribuição de características masculinas e consumo de álcool. Características femininas apresentaram correlação negativa com esse consumo. Todos os domínios de qualidade de vida, exceto o domínio ambiental, correlacionaram negativamente com o consumo de álcool. A discussão ressalta que as respostas dos usuários que enfatizaram características femininas e percepção de qualidade de vida adequada, contrastaram com representações sociais sobre usuários de classes populares. Abstract This descriptive and correlational research aimed to investigate patterns of alcohol consumption, perceptions about gender characteristics and quality of life in male patients of Brazilian Primary Health Care (PHC) and to evaluate possible correlations between these variables. We performed data collection in 2013, over a six months period, in Vitória, ES, Brazil. We administered the following questionnaires to 300 men through individual interviews: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Bem Sex Role Inventory, WHOQOL- Bref and socio-demographic questionnaire. Results showed that there was not a correlation between the self-assignment of masculine characteristics and alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, feminine characteristics negatively correlated to alcohol consumption. All quality of life domains, except the environmental domain, negatively correlated to alcohol consumption. The discussion highlights that the participants' answers to the questionnaires emphasized feminine characteristics and the perception of good quality of life, contrasting with social representations of low socio-economic status male patients. Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar y correlacionar los patrones de consumo de alcohol, las percepciones sobre características de género y calidad de vida de pacientes hombres de Atención Primaria de Salud, en Brasil. Se trata de estudio descriptivo y correlacional. La colecta de datos fue realizada en 2013, durante seis meses. Participaron 300 hombres que, en entrevistas individuales, respondieron los siguientes cuestionarios: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Bem Sex Role Inventory, WHOQOL- Bref y cuestionario socio-demográfico. Se verificó que no había correlación entre la auto-atribución de características masculinas y el consumo de alcohol. Características femeninas presentaron correlación negativa con ese consumo. Todos los dominios de calidad de vida, excepto el dominio ambiental, se correlacionaron negativamente con el consumo de alcohol. La discusión resalta que las respuestas de los participantes presentaron énfasis en características femeninas y percepción de calidad de vida adecuada, contrastando con las representaciones sociales sobre pacientes de clases populares.

Resumo O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi investigar e correlacionar padroes de consumo de alcool, percepcoes sobre caracteristicas de genero e qualidade de vida de homens usuarios de Unidade de Saude da Familia (USF). Trata-se de estudo descritivo e correlacional, com coleta de dados realizada em 2013 ao longo de seis meses. Participaram 300 homens usuarios de uma USF de Vitoria, ES, que responderam ao Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, ao Bem Sex Role Inventory e ao WHOQOL- Bref, alem de questionario sociodemografico. Verificou-se nao haver correlacao entre autoatribuicao de caracteristicas masculinas e consumo de alcool. Caracteristicas femininas apresentaram correlacao negativa com esse consumo. Todos os dominios de qualidade de vida, exceto o dominio ambiental, correlacionaram negativamente com o consumo de alcool. A discussao ressalta que as respostas dos usuarios que enfatizaram caracteristicas femininas e percepcao de qualidade de vida adequada, contrastaram com representacoes sociais sobre usuarios de classes populares.

O artigo apresenta uma análise das mídias na educação a partir de um olhar que busca a convergência dialógica na relação dos professores com os recursos midiáticos. Com este estudo, objetiva-se problematizar os saberes necessários à formação de professores com vistas à utilização intencional, consciente e mediadora das mídias na educação escolar, considerando a tecnologia como um esforço dos seres humanos em sua autoprodução para além dos meios biológicos de que são providos, mas neste esforço a tecnologia assume nuances que se associam aos fins de seu uso. Portanto, sua utilização não é neutra, antes, cumpre os propósitos de quem as utiliza, ou ainda de que planeja seu uso. O estudo se pautou pela pesquisa bibliográfica entre outras referências, nos estudos de Pierre Levy (1999; 2011), nas reflexões sobre a tecnofilia e a tecnofobia de Pedro Demo (2009), no diálogo como processo de historização e base da formação de professores a partir de Paulo Freire (1991; 1996), nas imersões sobre a mudanças ocorridas com a aceleração tecnológica e a necessidade da crítica como contraponto da técnica, proposta por Nicolau Sevcenko (2001), no ensino como trabalho interativo a partir de Tardif (2010) entre outras referências. Os resultados apresentam possibilidades de convergências dialógicas na utilização dos recursos tecnológicos pelos professores.Palavras-chave: Tecnologia. Diálogo. Recursos midiáticos.ABSTRACTThe article presents an analysis of media in education from a gaze that seeks convergence in dialogic relationship between teachers and the media resources. This study objective is to question the knowledge necessary to teacher training with a view to intentional use, conscious and mediator of media in education, considering technology as an effort of human beings in their self-production in addition to the biological resources that are provided, but this effort the technology assumes nuances that are associated with the purpose of its use. Therefore, its use is not neutral, rather, meets the purposes of those who use them, or that it plans to use. The study was guided by the literature among other references, the studies of Pierre Levy (1999, 2011), contributing to generating technophilia and technophobia of Pedro Demo (2009), dialogue as historicizing process and basis for teacher training from Paulo Freire (1991; 1996), the immersion of the changes with the technological acceleration and the need for critical counterpoint technique, proposed by Nicholas Sevcenko (2001), teaching as interactive work from Tardif (2010) among other references. The results show convergences dialogic possibilities in the use of technological resources by teachers.Key words: Technology. Dialogue. Media resources.

Our research group has pioneered the work on somatic embryogenesis of Bixa orellana (annatto), and since then we have directed efforts in understanding several aspects of this morphogenic pathway in annatto. Here, we present a synthetic description of such works, emphasizing anatomical analyzes and the characterization of the cellular alterations that occur in the process, and the association of the SERK gene expression and somatic embryogenesis. These results are unprecedented and contribute to a better understanding of the processes involving somatic embryogenesis in the species. Advances in this area will facilitate the improvement of the mass propagation, genetic manipulation of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, and the overall breeding perspectives of the genus.

Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen is a medicinal species of great interest because it produces the phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Generally, because of atypical growing conditions, in vitro propagated plants function less efficiently as autotrophs and have poorly developed morphological structures. This study analyzed the autotrophic potential of P. glomerata propagated in vitro and evaluated the influence that this has on 20E biosynthesis. Physiological and structural parameters of plants subjected to heterotrophic, photomixotrophic and photoautotrophic growth conditions were evaluated. Levels of 20E were measured by HPLC. Plants were acclimatized in a mixture of soil, sand and substrate, in a greenhouse. Conditions that provided higher carbon input led to an increase in plant growth, and the presence of sucrose was critical, in closure systems without a gas permeable membrane, for normal anatomical development of the micropropagated plants. The absence of sucrose increased photosynthesis and conditions that enhanced photoautotrophy induced greater levels of 20E. The increase of 20E levels by the photoautotrophic system offers new prospects for increasing the commercial production of this species, and for studies that could elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of phytoecdysteroids in plants.

Inserted in the research line Training, Knowledge and Development Master of Professional Education at the Graduate Program in Education of the Federal University of Santa Maria / RS, the Master's Thesis is constituted with the objective of analyzing the theoretical and methodological challenges humanization of permanent teacher training for the Degree in Mathematics from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Tocantins - Campus Paraíso do Tocantins considering the aspects of historicity, all the contradiction and the establishment of these institutes. Traversing paths towards achieving the goals, there was a research-training around the epistemological issues of teacher education. The survey information was obtained through autobiographical narratives of his subjects, interview by using questionnaire and dialogue mediated by generating themes that took place in devices called dialogic circles. These devices were inspired by Paulo Freire's Culture Circles. It is a research-based training in Freirean practice that was used as a methodology and epistemology. The focus on historical and dialectical materialism was used because in addition to describing the theoretical and methodological challenges for the humanization of teacher training enabled her explanation as demand for its transformation. The bibliography used is bolstered by Paulo Freire in his practice defending awareness of the subjects mediated by liberating education. Dialogue with Freire intertwined frameworks that defend the authorship of the subjects in the process of production and human self-production and resistance in the fight against dehumanizing oppression by authors such as Marx and Engels; Mészáros; and authors who advocate lifelong learning as an inexorable human condition and humanization as a substrate of teacher training, among these: Marie-Christine Josso; Miguel Arroyo; and Maurice Tardif. The results revealed that the humanization of teacher training at the Federal Institute of Tocantins Campus Paraíso do Tocantins can be made possible by theoretical and methodological framework of the research-training guided in Freire's praxis and that the subjects recognize Institution's efforts as a subsidiary of qualification professional sought by them, in graduate courses, however, point to the need of the institution to take initiatives of ongoing formation of teachers. Inserido na linha de pesquisa Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional do mestrado em Educação pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/RS, a Dissertação de Mestrado constitui-se com o objetivo de analisar os desafios teóricos e metodológicos para a humanização da formação permanente de professores do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins Campus Paraíso do Tocantins considerando os aspectos relativos à historicidade, a totalidade e a contradição da constituição desses institutos. Percorrendo caminhos rumo à consecução dos objetivos, realizou-se uma pesquisa-formação em torno das questões epistemológicas da formação docente. As informações da pesquisa foram obtidas através de narrativas autobiográficas dos seus sujeitos, de entrevista com a utilização de questionário e dos diálogos mediados por temas geradores que se realizaram em dispositivos que chamamos de Círculos Dialógicos. Estes dispositivos foram inspirados nos Círculos de Cultura de Paulo Freire. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-formação fundamentada na práxis Freireana que foi utilizada como metodologia e epistemologia. O enfoque no materialismo histórico-dialético foi utilizado porque além de descrever os desafios teóricos e metodológicos para a humanização da formação docente possibilitou sua explicação como demanda de sua transformação. A bibliografia utilizada se amparou em Paulo Freire, em sua práxis que defende a conscientização dos sujeitos mediados pela educação libertadora. Dialogando com Freire se entrelaçaram referenciais que defendem a autoria dos sujeitos no processo de produção e autoprodução humana e a resistência na luta contra a opressão desumanizante através de autores como Marx e Engels; Mészáros; e autores que preconizam a aprendizagem permanente como condição inexorável do ser humano e a humanização como substrato da formação de professores, entre estes: Marie-Christine Josso; Miguel Arroyo; e, Maurice Tardif. Os resultados revelaram que a humanização da formação de professores no Instituto Federal do Tocantins Campus Paraíso do Tocantins pode ser viabilizada por referenciais teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa-formação pautada na práxis freireana e que os sujeitos da pesquisa reconhecem os esforços da Instituição como subsidiário da qualificação profissional buscada por eles, em cursos de pós-graduação, contudo, apontam a necessidade da instituição assumir as iniciativas da formação permanente dos professores.

The aim of this study was to describe the accumulation of reserves during the somatic embryogenesis process in Passiflora edulis Sims FB-300, obtained from mature zygotic embryos, using histochemical methods. Mature zygotic embryos were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog induction media supplemented with 31.06 μM of picloram, 2.22 μM of benzyladenine, and 2.27 μM of thidiazuron. The zygotic embryo explants, at different developmental stages, were collected and fixed in Karnovsky solution and subsequently subjected to dehydration in an ethanol series and embedded in acrylic resin. Transverse and longitudinal sections (5-μm thick) were stained with toluidine blue for anatomical characterization, using Xylidine Ponceau for the detection of total protein, periodic acid-Schiff reagent for neutral polysaccharides, Sudan black B to detect lipids, and Lugol’s reagent for the starch detection. Histological sections revealed the formation of protuberances and globular stage somatic embryos in the cotyledonary region of the zygotic embryo. Histochemical tests revealed the presence of large quantities of protein bodies in zygotic embryos of P. edulis, which were gradually metabolized during somatic embryo development. Lipid bodies and starch grains were identified only after 20 d of culture, suggesting the use of these compounds as energy source for de novo synthesis. The present study describes the anatomical changes and the pattern of reserve accumulation during the somatic embryogenesis process in P. edulis.

This study aimed to investigate whether the in vitro photoautotrophic potential and 20 hydroxyecdysone (20E) production of six Pfaffia glomerata accessions could be correlated to photosynthetic performance and biomass accumulation under ex vitro conditions in a greenhouse environment. Our results showed that P. glomerata accessions displayed varying photosynthetic rates that may have resulted in differential biomass accumulation both in vitro and ex vitro. Accessions A4, A13 and A43 showed the highest dry weight under in vitro photoautotrophic conditions, coinciding with the higher photosynthetic rates of the same accessions in greenhouse. They also showed the highest 20E mass per plant ex vitro. Production of 20E in vitro also varied among accessions, with the highest total mass achieved by accessions A4 and A43. In addition to having the potential for optimizing propagation by reducing the duration of the in vitro culture stage and lessening death rate during acclimatization, the use of these genotypes with higher in vitro photoautotrophic potential can guarantee highly productive plants ex vitro because the biomass accumulation pattern observed in vitro matched that under greenhouse conditions.