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Yuhong Tang,1,* Jun Cao,1,* Rui Peng,1 Xingkang Mao,1 Bingbing Su,1 Hao Tang,1 Daoyuan Tu,1 Jie Zhou,1 Guoqing Jiang,1 Shengjie Jin,1 Qian Wang,1 Chen Zhang,2 Renjie Liu,1 Chi Zhang,1,3 Dousheng Bai1,3 1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dousheng Bai; Chi Zhang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China, Email drbaidousheng@yzu.edu.cn; zc17212850@163.comIntroduction: Immune checkpoint therapy (ICIs) effectively improves the prognosis of advanced (stage III/IV) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, its objective response rate (ORR) is below 20%, significantly limiting ICI use in advanced HCC patients. The level of tumour immune infiltration influences ICI response rate. Recent studies have found ubiquitinase to be an important factor that regulates tumour immune infiltration. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the key ubiquitination genes that regulate immune infiltration in advanced HCC and further validate them.Methods: A biotechnological process was performed as a means of classifying 90 advanced HCC patients into three immune subtypes and identifying associations with immune infiltration in the co-expressed modules. Ubiquitination-related genes were then screened with WGCNA. Gene enrichment analysis was performed for the target module and 30 hub genes were screened out by protein–protein interaction network (PPI). ssGSEA, single-gene sequencing and the MCP counter were used for exploring immune infiltration. TIDE score was applied for predicting drug efficacy and GSEA was used for exploring potential pathways. Finally, GRB2 expression in HCC tissue was validated by in vitro experiments.Results: GRB2 expression was found to have a significant correlation with the pathological stage and prognosis of HCC patients and a positive correlation with immune infiltration and tumour mutation burden (TMB). In addition, significant correlations with the efficacy of ICIs, sorafenib and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) were identified. GRB2 was found to be most significantly associated with the JAK-STAT signalling pathway and cytosolic DNA sensing pathway. Finally, it was found that GRB2 expression is closely related to the prognosis, tumour size and TMN stage.Conclusion: A significant association was observed between the ubiquitinated gene GRB2 and the prognosis and immune infiltration of advanced HCC patients and it may potentially be used for predicting therapy efficacy in advanced HCC patients in the future.Keywords: ubiquitination, growth factor receptor-binding protein 2, liver cancer, tumour-infiltrating immune cells

BACKGROUND: Internet-related technologies have rapidly developed and started to impact the traditional medical practices, which combined wireless communication technology as well as “cloud service” technology with electronic fetal heart monitoring have become a mainstream tendency. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application value of remote fetal heart rate monitoring mode (RFHRM) on late pregnancy during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: From March 2021 to February 2022, we recruited 800 cases of pregnant women received prenatal examination at the Anhui Province Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital. These pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n= 400), which was given traditional management, and the observation group (n= 400), which received remote monitoring technology on this basis. The two groups were compared with neonatal asphyxia, pregnancy outcomes, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), prenatal examination expenses and total time consumption. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in pregnancy outcome and neonatal outcome (P> 0.05). However, total EPDS score of 12.5% pregnant women in TPE group were higher than 12. The TPE group had significantly higher mean EPDS scores compared with the RFHRM group (7.79 ± 3.58 vs 5.10 ± 3.07; P< 0.05). The results showed a significant difference in maternity expenses (2949.83 ± 456.07 vs 2455.37 ± 506.67; P< 0.05) and total time consumption (42.81 ± 7.60 vs 20.43 ± 4.16; P< 0.05) between the groups. CONCLUSION: Remote fetal heart rate monitoring via Internet served as an innovative, acceptable, safe and effective reduced-frequency prenatal examination model without affecting the outcome of perinatology of pregnant women with different risk factors.

Markov boundary (MB) has been widely studied in single-target scenarios. Relatively few works focus on the MB discovery for variable set due to the complex variable relationships, where an MB variable might contain predictive information about several targets. This paper investigates the multi-target MB discovery, aiming to distinguish the common MB variables (shared by multiple targets) and the target-specific MB variables (associated with single targets). Considering the multiplicity of MB, the relation between common MB variables and equivalent information is studied. We find that common MB variables are determined by equivalent information through different mechanisms, which is relevant to the existence of the target correlation. Based on the analysis of these mechanisms, we propose a multi-target MB discovery algorithm to identify these two types of variables, whose variant also achieves superiority and interpretability in feature selection tasks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of these contributions.

Background: It is unclear whether sodium intake had similar effects on mortality of stroke subtypes. The purpose of this study is to compare the long-term trends in mortality of stroke subtypes attributable to high sodium intake in China during 1990 to 2019. Methods: Data for China in the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2019 study were obtained mainly from the Chinese surveillance systems and the KaiLuan Study. The trends in stroke mortality due to high sodium intake (>5 g/d) were evaluated using join-point regression and age-period-cohort methods adjusting for age, period, and cohort. Results: The age-standardized mortality rates of stroke attributable to high sodium intake showed downward trends during 1990 to 2019 in China, with an average annual percentage change of −0.6 (95% CI, −0.8 to −0.4) for ischemic stroke, −2.5 (95% CI, −2.8 to −2.2) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and −6.1 (95% CI, −6.6 to −5.7) for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The curves of local drifts, which reflected the average annual percentage change of stroke mortality due to high sodium intake across age groups, showed a slow upward trend with age for ischemic stroke, a slow downward trend for intracerebral hemorrhage, and a sharp downward trend for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The high sodium–related mortality increased dramatically with age for ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, while it reached a peak at 50 to 70 years old for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The period and cohort rate ratios of stroke mortality due to high sodium intake decreased in the past 3 decades, with the greatest decline for subarachnoid hemorrhage and the weakest decrease for ischemic stroke. Notably, men had higher high sodium–related mortality and risk but slighter declines for all stroke subtypes than women. Conclusions: Our results provided powerful evidence that high sodium–related age-standardized mortality rates and risk of stroke in China decreased in the past 3 decades, with diverse changing patterns for different stroke subtypes, highlighting that salt reduction had distinct impact on stroke subtypes.

In terms of Horse by Nobuo Kojima, the previous research basically revealed the theme of the novel by discussing the symbolic meaning of “house” and “horse”. The fundamental premise of such research is to regard Horse as a holistic novel, but in fact, it is a combination of two separate works, House and Horse. With such a background in mind, the study of Horse allows us to have a clear grasp of the development of the work. This paper focuses on the analysis of Home, part of Horse, to explore the root causes of the disharmonious relationship between “me” and “my wife”.

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O), as a representative intrinsic p-type inorganic semiconductor material, has been widely used in the field of optical energy utilization, such as photovoltaic, photocatalysis, photodegradation and other fields, and has an extremely important position. For a long time, the literature on Cu2O’s application technology in the field of light energy utilization is relatively scattered and independent, resulting in a certain degree of obstacles and difficulties to obtain relevant technical knowledge and have a deep understanding of its internal principles. According to the application of Cu2O in the field of light energy utilization in recent years, it is mainly divided into three modules (photovoltaic, photocatalysis, photodegradation), and mainly summarizes the classification, principle and characteristics of Cu2O application in the field of light energy and prospects the optimization method and development direction of the application in the field of Cu2O light energy. This review aims to provide reference and guidance for the optical energy applications of Cu2O and other related inorganic oxide semiconductors.

This paper studies on the permanent magnets configuration on the transmission torque of the multi-pole bilayer magnetorheological (MR) coupling. Based on the electromagnetic field theory, the magnetic circuit models of traditional permanent magnet array (TPMA) and Halbach permanent magnet array (HPMA) are established, and the magnetic flux density within the MR fluid working gaps has been derived in order to evaluate the merits of the designed MR coupling. A 3D FE magnetic-fluid analysis has been necessary following the initial conceptual analysis, in order to study the influence of key parameters on the transmission torque. The results show that the transmission torque of the MR coupling with Halbach permanent magnet array is 33.45% higher than that of the ordinary permanent magnet array, with a same structure size. For the MR coupling with Halbach permanent magnet array, the unilateral magnetic focusing effect is better with the increase of the residual flux density of the secondary magnetic pole as well as the radial length of magnetic pole. And the single side magnetic focusing effect is the best when the main magnetic pole is 15°. The influence of the magnetic pole angle on the transmission torque has been further studied.