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Technological development in biomedical procedures has given an upper understanding of the ease of evaluating and handling critical scenarios and diseases. A sustainable model design is required for the post-medical procedures to maintain the consistency of medical treatment. In this article, a telerobotic-based stroke rehabilitation optimization and recommendation technique cum framework is proposed and evaluated. Selecting optimal features for training deep neural networks can help in optimizing the training time and also improve the performance of the model. To achieve this, we have used Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) due to its higher convergence accuracy, better stability, stronger global search ability, and faster convergence speed to streamline the dependency matrix of each attribute associated with post-stroke rehabilitation. Deep Neural Networking assures the selection of datasets from training and testing validation. The proposed framework is developed on providing decision support with a recommendation of activities and task flow, these recommendations are independent and have higher feasibility with the scenario of evaluation. The proposed model achieved a precision of 99.6%, recall of 99.5 %, F1-score of 99.7%, and accuracy of 99.9%, which outperform the other considered optimization algorithms such as antlion and gravitational search algorithms. The proposed technique has provided an efficient recommendation model compared to the trivial SVM-based models and techniques.

The continuous and unchecked discharge of effluents by the dyeing industry into water bodies has led to the rising importance of water treatment. This study focuses on the successful abatement of the auramine O (AM) dye in an aqueous system through a heterogeneous Fenton process using ultrasonication. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained by using a straightforward precipitation method and then modified with glycine (M-ZnO). The NP size sharply decreased upon modification with glycine. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the basic crystal properties, such as crystallinity. It was observed that the size of NPs sharply decreased from 24.6 nm (pure zinc oxide) to 17.3 nm upon modification of zinc oxide with glycine. A bandgap of 3.4 eV was determined for M-ZnO using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Thermal gravimetric analysis revealed the excellent thermal stability of M-ZnO compared with that of zinc oxide. The catalytic activity for AM abatement was determined using a Fenton process at pH 6. Detoxification assays showed that pure hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and pure zinc oxide exhibited 38 and 37% AM dye degradation, respectively. Meanwhile, M-ZnO showed 97% AM dye degradation in 240 min. A plausible mechanism is proposed for AM abatement using zinc oxide.

Protons are used in radiation therapy of cancerous tissue as they have the potential benefit of sparing dose to healthy tissue. Given the accuracy of the proton beam range and treatment plan uncertainties, a large safety margin has been used in planning and delivery. Using the prompt gamma (PG) for range verification and the monitoring of dose delivery in real-time is proposed to provide better control of beam direction and reduce currently used safety margins. A gamma-ray imaging system (Gri+) that includes a three-tier semiconductor Compton camera system has been evaluated to assess its potential to image prompt rays emitted during proton therapy. This work has been able to show the imaging capabilities of the Gri+ system for high-energy ray and propose sets of operational recommendations for future measurements in the proton radiotherapy facility. The Gri+ system can successfully image a high-energy -ray of 1.8 MeV for single and multiple interaction events in the system. This significantly increases the Gri+ system imaging efficiency from 27 % to 70 % but degrades the imaging resolution. Using an offline algorithm can mitigate the image resolution degradation. The image resolution was 7.2 ± 0.6 mm and 10.5 ± 0.8 mm for single and multiple interaction events in the system, respectively. The Gri+ system shows a limited count rate capability that can be linked to digitiser cards within the digital data acquisition system. The maximum Compton imaging rate that the Gri+ system could process is 1400 CPS. There is a critical situation where the system loses the ability to process the Compton imaging events at a true count rate of 49k CPS. A collaboration with the manufacturer is recommended to rectify the count rate loss issue and a minor modification to data processing hardware to maximise the operational energy range. A preliminary analysis of the operational environment in a proton therapy delivery room has also been undertaken using data that was available from Clatterbridge Cancer Centre. Results of the work have been used to inform the proposal of a systematic set of data for full evaluation in future work.

The study aimed to explore the perceptions of educational leaders toward implementing privatization in higher education in light of Saudi Vision 2030. The increasing demand for educational reforms in Saudi Arabia sparked the need for privatization. As a result, privatization seems the new trend promising to meet the educational needs of the Kingdom. This multiple-case research examined whether Saudi Arabian universities are ready to privatize based on the perceptions of the university leaders. The study selected the University of Bisha and the King Saud University to take part in the study. the study sampled 10 participants, five from each university to take part in the interview. The data was collected, coded, labeled, and analyzed using inductive coding in which all codes are extracted from the interview responses. The coded data were grouped into six themes namely (1) Privatization as cost-sharing, (2) Privatization as a strategy for independence and decentralization, (3) privatization as displacement, (4) privatization as local and foreign investment, (5) privatization as a nonprofit organization, and (6) Privatization as an application of business concepts and techniques. The findings indicate that diversified income, corporate governance, stability in budgets, and alternative management styles are critical factors that promote privatization in Saudi Arabia. Besides universities planning to privatize or going through privatization like King Saud University faces challenges such as change management and invalidity and unreliability of privatization, among others as other studies may establish. However, regardless of the challenges, privatization is beneficial in financial independence and managerial independence. Findings also show that other universities like the University of Bisha have not been privatized due to factors such as resistance to change, and the unreliability of privatization. Lastly, the study shows that the Saudi government may take four steps to promote the privatization of higher education. The steps are identification of local and foreign investment opportunities, determining the validity and reliability of each project before privatizing, creating and implementing changes by training and preparing associated personnel adequately, and clearing any obstacles to privatization.

According to one definition, Family Medicine is a specialty that provides the provision of ongoing, comprehensive medical treatment to patients within the setting of their families and communities. Acute and chronic care, identification of family and social needs, long-term support, epidemiologic awareness, and treatment of unexplained illness are all included in continuing whole-patient care. This review aimed to summarize the updated evidence considering the role of Family Medicine in the care and management of cancer patients. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Wiley, and Cochrane Library were searched. Study articles were screened by title and abstract then a full-text assessment was implemented. Family Physician (FP) plays a crucial part in providing care for a patient with cancer. There have been many different roles for doctors identified, and these responsibilities differ greatly depending on whether the practice takes place in an urban or rural clinical setting. Alongside surgical, medical, and radiation oncology specialists, FPs commonly provide care for patients with breast and gastrointestinal cancer. They also work with gynecologic, hematologic, and paediatric cancer patient populations. The management of treatment-related physical and psychosocial side effects, the provision of follow-up care for cancer survivors, and palliative medicine are examples of typical tasks and responsibilities. In addition, the FP support clinical trials, research focused on genetics, and high-risk population cancers.

The pathobiology and classification of pulmonary edoema are more complex than the previous dichotomy of hydrostatic vs. permeability. The mechanisms of alveolar fluid clearance and the factors that influence the clearance rate are being studied thoroughly in order to develop therapeutic strategies. Patients require early oxygenation and ventilation stabilization, preferably with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen or noninvasive ventilation, while the diagnostic cause is quickly sought with echocardiography and other testing. Treatments must begin as soon as possible while evaluation continues and requires multimodal intervention. Diuretics, possibly morphine, and frequently nitrates, are used to treat cardiogenic pulmonary edema. This review summarizes current knowledge of the pathophysiology, causes, and treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Parent-targeted oral health awareness campaigns should place a strong emphasis on issues like the value of deciduous teeth and how to treat them, frequent dental checkups, and dietary habits. The current study's objective is to evaluate parents' knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes regarding their children's oral health and how those factors affect the prevalence of dental caries in 5- to 10-year-old children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Parents of school-aged children aged 5 to 10 who came to our hospital were the subjects of a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The study included 209 children in all, together with their parents. Utilizing DMFT and the deft index, clinical examinations of children were conducted. Parents were given a self-designed questionnaire to evaluate their understanding, attitudes, and practices about their children's dental health. SPSS version 24 was used for the statistical analysis. A p-value of 0.05 or less was regarded as statistically significant when using the ANOVA test to examine the relationship between dental caries status and KAP. The mean deft and DMFT were 6.46 ± 1.6 and 1.56 ± 2.8, respectively. Most parents (72.2%) demonstrated adequate knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes. Parental KAP and mean DMFT/DEFT did not differ significantly. The study's participants had reasonable KAP for the oral health of their children. The significance of deciduous teeth and their treatment, frequent dental appointments, and dietary behaviors are among the knowledge gaps in oral health.

A small percentage of germs can lead to an infection. In a dental setting, the patient's saliva mixed with blood, pus, plaque, and reticular fluid is frequently aerosolized and spattered, potentially infecting the dental practitioner. descriptive analytical method utilized 127 employees working in Hafar Al Batin dental center participant most of them 87% were female, 13% were male, and 20% The results showed the attitude toward infection control was high; the most negative attitude item was (Is the doctor obligated to wash hands and wear gloves in the dental clinic?" the most attitude item was (Is the doctor obligated to wash hands and wear gloves in the dental clinic) with high attitude and mean 2.88, followed by (Do you think that sterilizing the dental chair reduces infection) with high attitude and mean 2.74, followed by (Can wearing gloves be a substitute for hand washing) with low attitude and mean 1.47 the results showed there is no significant difference in attitude toward infection control due to gender, age, educational level, or infection as a result of the dental visit. Research and study in the case of transmission and how to reduce it through disinfection and some other methods will reach to reduce the potential risks of infection. The cross-infection control strategy every patient must undergo screening. Dental team members must maintain good health.Think about immunization Prophylaxis before and after exposure. Hepatitis B, influenza, mumps, measles, tetanus, rubella, tuberculosis, and whooping cough vaccinations are required for all members. Hand care and washing: provide personal protection barriers use cautionary aseptic techniques.

This study aims to explore, identify and understand the design and the strategy for healthcare delivery at both macro and micro levels in an informatics field in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For both patients and professionals, health information technology offers greater quality, safer treatment, and much more. Despite their potential, they are expensive to create and execute. The success of applied information technology in healthcare, on the other hand, is determined by user acceptance and utilisation. This study offers a framework for analysing how health professionals view and intend to use health information technology. To define the primary factors to be assessed, thorough literature research was done. As a measuring methodology, a questionnaire was created and sent to the experts, who are information systems professionals with at least five years of experience. According to a five-point Likert scale, the replies were generally highly agreed, with roughly 79 per cent agreeing. Female respondents were more accepting of electronic data storage than male ones. Other notable distinctions between occupations were also discovered.

Aim: Quality and patient safety ensure safe, high-quality treatment and staff well-being. This systematic study examines healthcare providers' quality and safety views. Aim of the study was to look for the perspectives that affect the quality and safety. Methods: Search and selection followed the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This was a systematic review of articles in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar without regard to language or publication date. The study analyzes five healthcare practitioner perspectives: Teamwork, medication errors, time management, workload and conditions, and patient safety culture. Results: The findings showed that teamwork can simplify goal achievement and that working together makes health providers happier. The findings further showed that time management, patient care, and job unpredictability due to interruptions, unplanned changes in patient-care management, emotional and physical tiredness, and unpredictable schedules or work duties may be out of one's control and may hinder work planning. Teaching providers problem-solving and critical thinking is a major time management factor. Conclusion: Problem-solving training helps providers manage time. Medication errors endanger patients. Distractions, incorrect doses, and illegible writing cause pharmaceutical errors. To address these issues, doctors must take multiple pharmaceutical error prevention courses. Quality, patient safety, and care require these perspectives. Recommendations: Policymakers, healthcare administrators, and clinicians must prioritize patient safety for patient safety culture. Health care providers must match the hidden curriculum to the explicit curriculum because it has a big impact on workers. This will foster safety and quality care. Workload greatly affects job quality and patient safety. Increased workloads per person lower work quality, which may harm patients. They need more providers and a lower patient-to-provider ratio to improve patient safety. Healthcare workers struggle with time and job quality.

The current study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a leadership development program designed to motivate Saudi women to establish small projects, using the observation card and applying it to a sample of them engaged in such projects. Average scores of women working in new small and medium enterprises in the Kingdom in the two applications before and after the performance observation card are related to leadership skills. There is a statistically significant correlation at the level of significance (p≤0.05) between the scores of Saudi women. As a whole, this study recommended an increase in training programs for women to promote small projects; thus, the goals of empowering women as stipulated in the Kingdom’s 2030 Vision are realized.

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging (DI) studies are useful resources for examining musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. When DI is used appropriately, it is an important tool for physical therapists (PTs). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes, beliefs, and barriers to PTs’ practices in referring to DI in Saudi Arabia (SA). METHODS: For this quantitative cross-sectional study, an online self-reported questionnaire was designed and distributed. A total of 138 PTs participated in the study. RESULTS: Although most PTs had access to DI, few reported being able to order DI. The PTs demonstrated positive attitudes regarding their ability to refer patients for DI. Nevertheless, some PTs have adopted several beliefs and awareness of PTs regarding the clinical appropriateness of referring to DI, which may increase the unnecessary utilisation of DI requests. More than half of the PTs in this study reported that they were unfamiliar with the clinical rules used for prescribing imaging. CONCLUSION: This study highlights recommendations to improve PTs’ practices towards DI in SA, such as providing more DI courses targeting PTs and including clinical rules within DI education in undergraduate studies. Furthermore, a clear governmental policy is needed to permit PTs to refer to DI when specific criteria are met.

The current gold standard technique for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is reconstruction with a tendon autograft. These treatments have a relatively high failure and re-rupture rate and are associated with early-onset osteoarthritis, developing within two decades of injury. Furthermore, both autografting and allografting come with several drawbacks. Tissue engineering and additive manufacturing present exciting new opportunities to explore 3D scaffolds as graft substitutes. We previously showed that 3D-printed scaffolds using low-cost equipment are suitable for tissue engineering approaches to regenerative medicine. Here, we hypothesize that Lay-Fomm 60, a commercially available nanoporous elastomer, may be a viable tissue engineering candidate for an ACL graft substitute. We first printed nanoporous thermoplastic elastomer scaffolds using low-cost desktop 3D printers and determined the mechanical and morphological properties. We then tested the impact of different surface coatings on primary human ACL fibroblast adhesion, growth, and ligamentous matrix deposition in vitro. Our data suggest that poly-L-lysine-coated Lay-Fomm 60 scaffolds increased ligament fibroblast activity and matrix formation when compared to uncoated scaffolds but did not have a significant effect on cell attachment and proliferation. Therefore, uncoated 3D printed Lay-Fomm 60 scaffolds may be viable standalone scaffolds and warrant further research as ligament tissue engineering and reconstruction grafts.

Ubiquitin specific protease 30 (USP30) has been attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and impediment of mitophagy in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This happens once ubiquitin that supposed to bind with deformed mitochondria at the insistence of Parkin, it’s been recruited by USP30 via the distal ubiquitin binding domain. This is a challenge when PINK1 and Parkin loss their functions due to mutation. Although, there are reports on USP30s’ inhibitors but no study on the repurposing of inhibitors approved against MMP-9 and SGLT-2 as potential inhibitors of USP30 in PD. Thus, the highlight therein, is to repurpose approved inhibitors of MMP-9 and SGLT-2 against USP30 in PD using extensive computational modelling framework. 3D structures of Ligands and USP30 were obtained from PubChem and protein database (PDB) servers respectively, and were subjected to molecular docking, ADMET evaluation, DFT calculation, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) and free energy calculations. Out of the 18 drugs, 2 drugs showed good binding affinity to the distal ubiquitin binding domain, moderate pharmacokinetic properties and good stability. The findings showed canagliflozin and empagliflozin as potential inhibitors of USP30. Thus, we present these drugs as repurposing candidates for the treatment of PD. However, the findings in this current study needs to be validated experimentally. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Research in second-language (L2) learning has revealed that aspects of identity can be strong drivers of L2 motivation. L2 Arabic learning research shows that Arabic, Middle Eastern, and Muslim identity may play a special motivational role, as Arabic is both a heritage language (HL) and a liturgical language (LL). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has Arabic language institutes (ALIs) which offer L2 Arabic learning programs to scholars from outside KSA. Our aim was to revise, pilot, and assess the validity and reliability of an existing instrument to measure identity-related motivation to learn L2 Arabic in a sample of L2 Arabic learners at three KSA ALIs. We obtained instrument data from 98 learners (13% Arab, 11% Middle Eastern, and 97% Muslim), and conducted factor and other analyses to assess validity and reliability and confirm subscales. The most common languages of fluency were English (74%), Arabic (62%), any African language (40%), and any Indian language (21%). We found evidence of both reliability and validity, and identified four subscales as sources of L2 Arabic motivation that were slightly different than the original instrument: Islamic faith, for cultural exposure, for instrumental purposes, and to better understand Arab problems/politics. Subscale scores were highest (indicating stronger source of L2 motivation) for Islamic faith and cultural exposure, and lowest for Arab problems/politics. We include the final instrument and recommend that it be the subject of future studies aimed at increasing its validity and reliability, and assessing its performance in various groups of L2 Arabic learners.

Introductory computer science courses help students, regardless of their majors, keep up with the rapid pace of change in the workplace. However, such courses are commonly perceived as being difficult. Although many studies have discussed the importance of online introductory computer science courses, there is a dearth of studies investigating the effectiveness of this delivery mode when the same assessment tools are used as in the traditional delivery mode. Moreover, it is unclear how students of different genders perform in both online and traditional face-to-face introductory computer science course sections when they receive the same instructional content. The purpose of this study is to expand the existing literature by examining the academic achievement of students in an introductory computer science course through the evaluation of grades obtained from online and traditional face-to-face course sections. Additionally, the study aims to explore any gender-based variations between the two delivery modes. The sample size included 589 first-year students in an introductory computer science course at a public university in Saudi Arabia. The participants were selected randomly from different sections. The results confirm the findings of previous studies suggesting that there are no gender-based differences in students’ performance in introductory computer science. Additionally, this study makes a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature by demonstrating that students who receive introductory computer science instruction through online delivery mode achieve significantly higher performance than students who receive the same instruction through traditional face-to-dace delivery mode. Moreover, this study found that both female and male students who receive introductory computer science instruction through online delivery mode perform significantly better than male students who receive instruction through traditional face-to-face delivery mode, indicating that online learning may be a more effective mode of delivery for students of both genders.