Search

The goal of our study was to determine the expression and phosphorylation of PTEN at residues Ser380/Thr382/383, as well as the nuclear expression of p53 in Sudanese patients with breast cancer (BC) in association with clinicopathological aspects of BC. Methods and Results: This retrospective, descriptive study was carried out in Wad-Madani, Gezira state in Sudan, from January 2015 to August 2016. A total of 179 biopsies were taken at random from patients with breast lesions. Two blocks were obtained for each patient. One came from a malignant lesion (Group A), whereas the other came from the margin adjacent to healthy tissue (Group B). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent histochemistry were performed on two separate slides. We found a statistically significant difference in the frequency of immunohistochemical expression of p53 and phosphorylation of PTEN between the cancerous breast tissue and adjacent normal tissue. P53 and PTEN exhibited a significant relationship with each other and the grade of tumor, indicating their importance in the aggressiveness of breast lesions. It should also be emphasized that there is an association between p53 expression and lymph node metastasis, which indicates the involvement of p53 mutation in the metastasis of BC.

This study evaluated the effects of the sintering temperature on Vickers microhardness and three-point flexural strength values of two multi-layered zirconia materials. Multi-layered zirconia systems with four distinct layers were selected: DD cube ONE ML (4Y-TZP) and DD cubeX2 ML (5Y-TZP). In total, 96 plate-shaped A2-shade specimens were obtained using individual layers of these two zirconia materials. The individual layers were then divided equally into batches with three different sintering temperatures (1300, 1450, and 1600 °C), and the Vickers microhardness was assessed. Another group of 72 bar-shaped specimens was prepared from the same materials. These were similarly divided into three different sintering temperatures, and the flexural strength was assessed. SEM was used to conduct fractographic analyses. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software with a p-value < 0.05. The microhardness and flexural strength of 4Y-TZP were higher than those of the 5Y-TZP at all the sintering temperatures. A significant difference was found in the microhardness and flexural strength values between groups sintered at different sintering temperatures (p < 0.05). The highest microhardness and flexural strength values were found at 1450 °C (p < 0.05). The microhardness values of different layers were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The sintering temperature and type of ceramic material significantly affected the microhardness and flexural strength. However, the layers did not significantly affect the microhardness.

Currently, risk stratification is the most difficult problem in prostate cancer (PCa) management. Gleason grading cannot adequately predict cancer progression. This study aimed to identify chromosome-specific segment size alterations that could aid risk stratification and predict metastasis using a retrospective cohort-study strategy. A binary logistic regression model was generated using 16 chromosome-specific segments with size alterations (deletions and amplifications) that showed associations with disease stage (primary versus metastatic). The regression model was trained with the MSKCC PIK3R1 PCa cohort (n = 1417), and validated with the TCGA Firehose Legacy (n = 500), MSKCC Prostate Oncogenome Project (n = 218), and the SU2C/PCF Dream Team (n = 150) PCa cohorts. Furthermore, the capacity of the model to predict metastasis between primary tumours with metastasis (n = 54) and primary tumours without metastasis (n = 54) was tested. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model at disease stage stratification ranged from 69.02% to 88.55%, 72.8% to 86.00% and 66.30% to 89.50%, respectively. The model also showed good performance at metastasis prediction with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 57.41%, 62.96% and 51.85%, respectively. The study conclusion was that chromosome-specific segment size alterations can aid risk stratification and metastasis prediction. The significance of the study findings is that in combinations with clinical, biochemical, and histopathological variables, chromosome-specific alterations could improve current risk stratification and prediction models for PCa.

Background Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is used as rescue therapy in patients with refractory hypoxemia due to severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) despite the recommendation against the use of this treatment. To date, the effect of iNO on the clinical outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS remains arguable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of iNO in critically ill COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. Methods This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included critically ill adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated from March 01, 2020, until July 31, 2021. Eligible patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS were subsequently categorized into two groups based on inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) use throughout their ICU stay. The primary endpoint was the improvement in oxygenation parameters 24 h after iNO use. Other outcomes were considered secondary. Propensity score matching (1:2) was used based on the predefined criteria. Results A total of 1598 patients were screened, and 815 were included based on the eligibility criteria. Among them, 210 patients were matched based on predefined criteria. Oxygenation parameters (PaO2, FiO2 requirement, P/F ratio, oxygenation index) were significantly improved 24 h after iNO administration within a median of six days of ICU admission. However, the risk of 30-day and in-hospital mortality were found to be similar between the two groups (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.82; p = 0.45 and HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.11; p= 0.10, respectively). On the other hand, ventilator-free days (VFDs) were significantly fewer, and ICU and hospital LOS were significantly longer in the iNO group. In addition, patients who received iNO had higher odds of acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR (95% CI): 2.35 (1.30, 4.26), p value = 0.005) and hospital/ventilator-acquired pneumonia (OR (95% CI): 3.2 (1.76, 5.83), p value = 0.001). Conclusion In critically ill COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, iNO rescue therapy is associated with improved oxygenation parameters but no mortality benefits. Moreover, iNO use is associated with higher odds of AKI, pneumonia, longer LOS, and fewer VFDs.

Ghazwa B Korayem,1 Omar A Alshaya,2– 4 Sawsan M Kurdi,5 Lina I Alnajjar,1 Aisha F Badr,6 Amjaad Alfahed,1 Ameera Cluntun7 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 6Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 7Curriculum and Training Department, Health Academy, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Amjaad Alfahed, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 11564 King Khalid International Airport, P.O. Box: 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 564321410, Email Aabaniali@pnu.edu.sa; Amjaad.abd@hotmail.comAbstract: Simulation-based education (SBE) is a fundamental teaching method that complements traditional teaching modalities. SBE has improved students’ knowledge, understanding, and numerous essential skills within undergraduate pharmacy education, similar to traditional teaching methods. However, SBE has become crucial for developing students’ teamwork, decision-making, and communication skills. Even though the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) has acknowledged the benefit of SBE in interprofessional education (IPE) and the introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE). This article provides evidence that SBE can be effective beyond that. This narrative review is focused on the literature related to SBE modalities and the assessment methods of student learning outcomes in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. The review illustrates that SBE is an effective teaching method that could be utilized within the pharmacy curriculum. The review also could help pharmacy educators decide on the best modality and placement of integrating patient simulation within the pharmacy curriculum. Combining multiple simulation techniques may be the best way to achieve the desired student learning outcomes.Keywords: patient simulation, pharmacy, education, simulation-based education, pharmacy curriculum

The structural characterization of a new organic compound (3, 5-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-Pyrazole) was analyzed experimentally by 1HNMR and FTIR spectroscopic technique. The analysis of HOMO–LUMO and natural bond orbital are investigated to study the charge transfer interactions leading to the properties of nonlinear behavior. Linear optical properties of a new organic compound/Poly (O- Methoxyaniline) (POMA) film were studied using Wemble and Didomenico (WD) technique to estimate the refractive index n and other optical constants such as the oscillation energy E0, the dispersion energy Ed, and the lattice dielectric constant $$\varepsilon_{\infty }$$ . Measurements of the thermally induced optical nonlinearity of novel organic compound (3, 5-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-4, 5-dihydro-1H- Pyrazole) in an organic solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) NMP)) were studied through an excitation source (continuous-wave diode laser at the wavelength of 473 nm) in the case of the solution and a conducting polymer film. The Z-scan technique was used to measure the nonlinear refractive index( $$n_{2}$$ ) to obtain the optical response of the prepared material. The prepared sample illustrated negative and large $$n_{2}$$ values in the order of 10−7 cm2/W and reverse saturable absorption(RSA) with large values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient in the order of 10−3 cm/W. The nonlinear refractive index was determined and varied as a response to different concentrations. The determination of the figure of merit (W) and nonlinear coefficients indicate that the compound is a promising candidate for applications in the nonlinear optics field.

Whilst risk prediction for individual prostate cancer (PCa) cases is of a high priority, the current risk stratification indices for PCa management have severe limitations. This study aimed to identify gene copy number alterations (CNAs) with prognostic values and to determine if any combination of gene CNAs could have risk stratification potentials. Clinical and genomic data of 500 PCa cases from the Cancer Genome Atlas stable were retrieved from the Genomic Data Commons and cBioPortal databases. The CNA statuses of a total of 52 genetic markers, including 21 novel markers and 31 previously identified potential prognostic markers, were tested for prognostic significance. The CNA statuses of a total of 51/52 genetic markers were significantly associated with advanced disease at an odds ratio threshold of ≥1.5 or ≤0.667. Moreover, a Kaplan–Meier test identified 27/52 marker CNAs which correlated with disease progression. A Cox Regression analysis showed that the amplification of MIR602 and deletions of MIR602, ZNF267, MROH1,PARP8, and HCN1 correlated with a progression-free survival independent of the disease stage and Gleason prognostic group grade. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis identified twenty-two panels of markers with risk stratification potentials. The best model of 7/52 genetic CNAs, which included the SPOP alteration, SPP1 alteration, CCND1 amplification, PTEN deletion, CDKN1B deletion, PARP8 deletion, and NKX3.1 deletion, stratified the PCa cases into a localised and advanced disease with an accuracy of 70.0%, sensitivity of 85.4%, specificity of 44.9%, positive predictive value of 71.67%, and negative predictive value of 65.35%. This study validated prognostic gene level CNAs identified in previous studies, as well as identified new genetic markers with CNAs that could potentially impact risk stratification in PCa.

The aim of the study was to detect the effect of COVID-19 on lymphocyte and platelet parameters among Sudanese patients admitted to Intensive Care unit (ICU) and emergency (ER).This cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 787 Sudanese individuals (487 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 300 apparently healthy individuals as controls, in duration between April 2020 to December 2020). Platelets (PLTs) and platelet indices, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet larger cell ratio (PLCR) were investigated as part of the complete blood count (CBC) for the case and control group. Also, the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated, and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 21.The severity of the disease was also affected by the patient's age: 262 COVID-19 cases admitted to ICU were over 50 years old, compared to only four patients in the mild group. Regarding hematological parameters, the absolute lymphocyte count, PLTs, MPV, PDW, and P-LCR were significantly different between cases and control groups (p-values = 0.000, 0.002, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively). PLR and NLR levels were found to be significantly higher as disease severity increased; p-values = 0.000 and 0.000, respectively. The study also demonstrated that lymphopenia was associated with severe COVID-19 infection (in 93% of ICU patients, 59.9% of ER, and 9% of the mild group), while thrombocytopenia was detected only among 30.8% of ICU patients.Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are associated with severe COVID-19 infection. NLR and PLR were markedly increased with COVID-19.

Summary Apc Min/+ mice are regarded as a standard animal model of colorectal cancer (CRC). Tensin4 (TNS4 or Cten) is a putative oncogene conferring features of stemness and promoting motility. Our objective was to assess TNS4 expression in intestinal adenomas and determine whether TNS4 is upregulated by Wnt signalling. ApcMin/+ mice (n = 11) were sacrificed at approximately 120 days old at the onset of anaemia signs. Small intestines were harvested, and Swiss roll preparations were tested for TNS4 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Individual polyps were also separately collected (n = 14) and tested for TNS4 mRNA expression and Kras mutation. The relationship between Wnt signalling and TNS4 expression was tested by Western blotting in the human CRC cell line HCT116 after inhibition of β‐catenin activity with MSAB or its increase by transfection with a Flag β‐catenin expression vector. Overall, 135/148 (91.2%) of the total intestinal polyps were positive for TNS4 expression by IHC, whilst adjacent normal areas were negative. RT‐qPCR analysis showed approximately 5‐fold upregulation of TNS4 mRNA in the polyps compared to adjacent normal tissue and no Kras mutations were detected. In HCT116, β‐catenin inhibition resulted in reduced TNS4 expression, and conversely, β‐catenin overexpression resulted in increased TNS4 expression. In conclusion, this is the first report linking aberrant Wnt signalling to upregulation of TNS4 both during initiation of intestinal adenomas in mice and in in vitro models. The exact contribution of TNS4 to adenoma development remains to be investigated, but the Apc Min/+ mouse represents a good model to study this.

Simulation-based education (SBE) is a fundamental teaching method that complements traditional teaching modalities. SBE has improved students' knowledge, understanding, and numerous essential skills within undergraduate pharmacy education, similar to traditional teaching methods. However, SBE has become crucial for developing students' teamwork, decision-making, and communication skills. Even though the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) has acknowledged the benefit of SBE in interprofessional education (IPE) and the introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE). This article provides evidence that SBE can be effective beyond that. This narrative review is focused on the literature related to SBE modalities and the assessment methods of student learning outcomes in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. The review illustrates that SBE is an effective teaching method that could be utilized within the pharmacy curriculum. The review also could help pharmacy educators decide on the best modality and placement of integrating patient simulation within the pharmacy curriculum. Combining multiple simulation techniques may be the best way to achieve the desired student learning outcomes.

Additional file 1. Outcomes definition(s).

There is a pertinent need to develop prognostic biomarkers for practicing predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (PPPM) in colorectal cancer metastasis. The analysis of isoform expression data governed by alternative splicing provides a high-resolution picture of mRNAs in a defined condition. This information would not be available by studying gene expression changes alone. Hence, we utilized our prior data from an exon microarray and found ADAM12 and MUC4 to be strong biomarker candidates based on their alternative splicing scores and pattern. In this study, we characterized their isoform expression in a cell line model of metastatic colorectal cancer (SW480 & SW620). These two genes were found to be good prognostic indicators in two cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We studied their exon structure using sequence information in the NCBI and ENSEMBL genome databases to amplify and validate six isoforms each for the ADAM12 and MUC4 genes. The differential expression of these isoforms was observed between normal, primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines. RNA-Seq analysis further proved the differential expression of the gene isoforms. The isoforms of MUC4 and ADAM12 were found to change expression levels in response to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment in a dose-, time- and cell line-dependent manner. Furthermore, we successfully detected the protein isoforms of ADAM12 and MUC4 in cell lysates, reflecting the differential expression at the protein level. The change in the mRNA and protein expression of MUC4 and ADAM12 in primary and metastatic cells and in response to 5-FU qualifies them to be studied as potential biomarkers. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of studying alternatively spliced isoforms and their potential use as prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers in the PPPM approach towards cancer.

Cten is an oncogene promoting EMT in many signaling pathways, namely through Snail. We investigated whether Cten function could be mediated through Src. Cten levels were modulated by forced expression in HCT116 and gene knockdown in SW620 CRC (colorectal cancer) cell lines. In all cell lines, Cten was a positive regulator of Src expression. The functional importance of Src was tested by simultaneous Cten overexpression and Src knockdown. This resulted in abrogation of Cten motility-inducing activity and reduction of colony formation ability together with failure to induce Cten targets. In SW620ΔCten reduced Src expression increased following restoration of Cten, also leading to increased cell motility and colony formation, which were lost if Src was concomitantly knocked down. By qRT-PCR we showed modulation of Cten had no effect on Src mRNA. However, a CHX pulse chase assay demonstrated stabilization of Src protein by Cten. Finally, expression of Cten and Src was tested in a series of 84 primary CRCs and there was a significant correlation between them (P = 0.001). We conclude that Src is a novel and functionally important target of the Cten signaling pathway and that Cten protein causes post-transcriptional stabilization of Src in promoting EMT and possibly metastasis in CRC.

The optical characteristics of organic compound, 2- (2,3-dimethyl phenylamino)-N-Phenyl benzamide, for two configurations, compound solution and compound doped PMMA as a film have been investigated. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1HMR, 13CNMR and theoretical study by using AM1-semi-empirical method. The optical properties were studied by using microscopic image surface, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Atomic Force Microscopy images and an Ultraviolet–visible spectrometer. The thermal optical nonlinearity of organic compound has been studied by using Diode laser with the wavelength 473 nm. The samples were prepared by the microwave irradiation under solvent free condition within short time and appreciable yields. The Morphological structure dependence of the optoelectronic properties was also studied. The values of optical energy gaps to the direct ( $$E_{g}^{d}$$ ) and indirect ( $$E_{g}^{in}$$ ) for the compound doped film estimated to be 2.99 eV, 2.75 eV respectively. Optically smooth and homogeneous 2-(2,3-dimethyl phenylamino)-N-Phenyl benzamide doped Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) film was experimentally investigated for the surface distribution by scan with 2θ. Also, the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) is characterized. The observed induced patterns have been simulated numerically by using Fresnel-Kirchhoff’s theory. The value of nonlinear refractive index n2 in the case of compound solution is confirmed to have less value than in a compound doped film.

Objective The purpose of this study was to perform hematological and molecular analyses of the HbS allele of the hemoglobin subunit beta gene in the Sudanese population. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Hematological parameters and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels were assessed in all participants. Data were gathered through the use of questionnaires and laboratory investigations. The βS-globin haplotypes, S allele distributions, and hematological parameters with HbF levels were investigated using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, gel electrophoresis, and a Sysmex hematology analyzer, respectively. Results According to our findings, the Bantu (BA) haplotype was found in 10.8% of participants with homozygous uncontested haplotypes, followed by Benin (BA) and Sudan (SU), each in 9.8% of participants. This Sudanese group from Northern Kordofan lacked the Arab-Indian haplotype. Two heterozygous versions of undisputed haplotypes were found in 17.3% of participants: SU/BA in 10.8% and CA/BE in 6.5%. Conclusion As a result of sickle cell anemia, this investigation found changes in hematological parameters. In the Sudanese population, a new haplotype of the S gene was discovered.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jicm-10.1177_08850666211053548 for The Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cohort Study by Khalid Al Sulaiman, Ohoud Aljuhani, Kholoud Al Aamer, Omar Al Shaya, Abdulrahman Al Shaya, Alawi S. Alsaeedi, Alaa Alhubaishi, Ali F. Altebainawi, Alaa Al Harthi, Shorouq Albelwi, Rahaf Almutairi, Norah Alsubaie, Alanoud Alsallum, Ghazwa B. Korayem, Amjaad Alfahed, Raed Kensara, Elaf F. Altebainawi, Raghdah S. Alenezi, Thamer Alsulaiman, Huda Al Enazi, Ramesh Vishwakarma, Tarek Al Dabbagh, Umar Bakhsh and Ghassan Al Ghamdi in Journal of Intensive Care Medicine

This study discussed one of the types of synchronization method, the method called adaptive-observer, this method was applied to a type of Chua circuits, known as attraction - repulsion, the case of synchronization succeeded in the circuit when the transmitted variable was X1m and the coefficients of the coupled system were identical. When the parameters of the two couple systems differed, we noticed no synchronization. We also discussed the effect of the correlation strength factor (feedback gain) on achieving synchronization in the chaotic circuit. As we found that increasing the value of the correlation coefficient leads to the absence of interference between the sent and the received signal, as well as reducing the error rate and the speed of synchronization between the two systems, but in the case of mismatch of the coefficients, the state of non-synchronization remains the same even if we increase the correlation coefficient to d = 200. The success of the state of perfect synchronization led us to implement a secure communication system as well as a system for encrypting images using the chaotic system. The strength of the encryption was tested by the chaotic system using histogram, entropy in addition to the correlation coefficient, space key and key sensitivity, which all showed the high security of the encryption used.

Nonlinear optical properties, 1HNMR, 13CNMR spectrums and Surface morphology of (2-Hydroxyphenyl) [2-(2-methoxy benzylidene amino)-5-methyl phenyl] telluride are studied by using self - diffraction induced, optical microscopy and Z-scan approach. The non-linear absorption of compound was obtained from open aperture and Z-scan approach. The optical behavior for azomethine with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film was studied. The observation of diffraction ring patterns due to the irradiation of the azomethine group by 473 nm continuous wave (CW) laser irradiation.

Cten (C‐terminal tensin‐like) is a member of the tensin protein family found in complex with integrins at focal adhesions. It promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell motility. The precise mechanisms regulating Cten are unknown, although we and others have shown that Cten could be under the regulation of several cytokines and growth factors. Since transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) regulates integrin function and promotes EMT/cell motility, we were prompted to investigate whether TGF‐β1 induces EMT and cell motility through Cten signalling in colorectal cancer. TGF‐β1 signalling was modulated by either stimulation with TGF‐β1 or knockdown of TGF‐β1 in the CRC cell lines SW620 and HCT116. The effect of this modulation on expression of Cten, EMT markers and on cellular function was tested. The role of Cten as a direct mediator of TGF‐β1 signalling was investigated in a CRC cell line in which the Cten gene had been deleted (SW620(ΔCten)). When TGF‐β1 was stimulated or inhibited, this resulted in, respectively, upregulation and downregulation of Cten expression and EMT markers (Snail, Rock, N‐cadherin, Src). Cell migration and cell invasion were significantly increased following TGF‐β1 stimulation and lost by TGF‐β1 knockdown. TGF‐β1 stimulation of the SW620(ΔCten) cell line resulted in selective loss of the effect of TGF‐β1 signalling pathway on EMT and cell motility while the stimulatory effect on cell proliferation was retained. These data suggested Cten may play an essential role in mediating TGF‐β1‐induced EMT and cell motility and may therefore play a role in metastasis in CRC.

Curcumin and other three curcuminoids (bisdemethoxycurcumin, α-chlorocurcumin and α-methylcurcumin) were synthesized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Fluorescence quantum yields, AFM analysis and image surface profiles were characterized. All compounds possessed electron donor moieties at both ends of the conjugated π-system and an electron acceptor moiety in the middle of the molecules (D-A-D system) and should exhibit different optical properties depending on substituents on the benzene rings. The third order nonlinear optical properties of the curcuminoids have been investigated by z-scan technique. The optical response was characterized by measuring the refractive index (n2) of the derivatives of curcumin using the Z-scan technique. The compounds showed negative and large nonlinear refractive index values of the order of 10−7 cm2/W and reverse saturable absorption with high values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the order of 10−4 cm/W. The nonlinear refractive index was found to vary with the different compound. The optical constants of the different compound films were studied and the dispersion of the refractive index was discussed in terms of the Wemple-DiDomenico single oscillator model. The photo-physical properties of these compounds are compared to those of native curcumin, in order to provide a rationale to the design of samples with molecular structures optimized for a photosensitizer. These types of materials may be considering new photonic applications.

BACKGROUND: Premarital screening (PMS) is a mandatory laboratory examination before marriage to identify genetic blood and some infectious diseases. Sickle cell anemia (SCA) and thalassemia are genetic disorders caused by errors in the hemoglobin genes and are prevalent in Saudi Arabia OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the knowledge and response of the Al-Madinah community regarding PMS program. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge and attitude of Al-Madinah community regarding hereditary blood disorders. Thirty-seven interviewers conducted direct and electronic interviews from October 2016 to January 2017. RESULTS: The total number of respondents was 2554, among the participants, 61% noted that PMS can diagnose SCA, 5.3% noted that PMS cannot diagnose SCA, and 33.4% answered “I don't know.” Regarding thalassemia, 50.2% answered that PMS can diagnose thalassemia, 7.4% answered “no,” and 42% answered “I don't know.” Furthermore, 76.4% of the participants answered that PMS can prevent SCA, whereas 71% of the participants answered that PMS can prevent thalassemia. Approximately 88.6% of the participants agreed to undergo elective PMS, 78.2% of them will not marry someone who has SCA or thalassemia, and 79.5% of them will not marry someone with a genetic trait if they themselves have a trait. In terms of raising the community's awareness on various hereditary blood disorders, 95.9%, 93.9%, and 92.5% agreed on the importance of media, medical education in school, and seminars, respectively. CONCLUSION: As half of the population were unaware about the screened diseases, it is necessary to raise the community's awareness on the importance of PMS.

The ZnS/polymer films have been successfully prepared by casting technique with different thickness (10,12,13.5 and 14 ) and to carry out a comprehensive study of their gas detection performance. All the different ZnS polymer films thickness demonstrates excellent selectivity and accuracy and stability. ZnS- doped PMMA films show higher sensitivity to ethanol vapors. Further, the films show fast response and recovery to methanol and methanol vapors at higher operating temperatures. The methanol-ethanol sensing mechanism of the film has been explained.

The concentrations-dependent refractive index n 2 and the nonlinear absorption coefficient β of Ethidium bromide dye-doped deoxyribonucleic acid (biological polymer DNA) solutions in the SDL regime at 532 nm are reported. The Z-scan technique was performed in two ways and two different wavelengths, 532nm and 473nm, the open aperture technique and the closed aperture technique. From open aperture Z-scan measurements it is found that the Ethidium bromide doped deoxyribonucleic acid films exhibited reverse saturable absorption. The coefficient of nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption coefficient at 473nm wavelength is greater than at 532nm.

The effects of deoxyribonucleic acid (biological polymer DNA) on full brightness, and color matching functions of Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were studied. Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by the deep casting method. The variation of CIE chromaticity coordinates for PVP/DNA films with increasing Ethidium bromide dye concentration values are determined. The CIE 1931 color space move to the magenta region. The results indicate that Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films have potential promising material for optical device applications and candidates used for LEDs pumped by UV chips and applied in many advanced technologies.

Experimental evolution of the diffraction pattern of Bromocresol Purple (BCP) and Congo Red (COGR) Solutions, by diffraction ring technique under CW laser illumination is present. The two azo dyes, COGR dye and COGR dye, were studied for their absorbance spectra, as well as the diffraction rings experimental. The measurement rings were performed when the incident beam propagates through a quartz cell containing dye. Many diffraction rings were observed on the sensitive screen. Among the results we obtained are the diffraction rings at 0.07mM concentration, where the number of rings was 4 at the power of the 50 mW laser beam for the Bromocresol dye and three rings in the congo red dye. The nonlinear refractive index for the Bromocresol dye and congo red dye are found to be in the order of 0.11×10−8 cm2/Watt, 3.093×10−8 cm2/Watt, respectively.The efficiency of the ring pattern was found to depend on the concentration of the dye and the power of the laser.

Measurements of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of 5′, 5′′-dibromo-o-cresolsulfophthalein (BCP) in a chloroform solvent were studied using a cw diode laser at 532 nm as the source of excitation, both in solution and as a poly methyl methacrylate solid film, respectively. The optical response was characterized by measuring the intensity-dependent refractive index (n 2) of the medium using the Z-scan technique. The sample showed negative and large nonlinear refractive index values of the order of 10−7 cm2/W and reverse saturable absorption with high values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the order of 10−4 cm/W. The nonlinear refractive index was found to vary with the concentration. The optical constants of the film were studied and the dispersion of the refractive index was discussed in terms of the Wemple–DiDomenico single oscillator model. Thermal lens technique was applied to investigate the thermo-optical properties (dn/dT) and the thermal diffusivity (D). In this technique a pump beam was aligned collinearly. A localized change in the refractive index of the sample due to the thermal heating produced a thermal lens that was then detected by the study of the focusing and defocusing of the pump beam. Morphological of a one-dimensional microscopic image surface profile scan and histogram curve of the film surface has been studied.

Cten is an oncogene promoting EMT in many signaling pathways, namely through Snail. We investigated whether Cten function could be mediated through Src. Cten levels were modulated by forced expression in HCT116 and gene knockdown in SW620 CRC (colorectal cancer) cell lines. In all cell lines, Cten was a positive regulator of Src expression. The functional importance of Src was tested by simultaneous Cten overexpression and Src knockdown. This resulted in abrogation of Cten motility-inducing activity and reduction of colony formation ability together with failure to induce Cten targets. In SW620?Cten reduced Src expression increased following restoration of Cten, also leading to increased cell motility and colony formation, which were lost if Src was concomitantly knocked down. By qRT-PCR we showed modulation of Cten had no effect on Src mRNA. However, a CHX pulse chase assay demonstrated stabilization of Src protein by Cten. Finally, expression of Cten and Src was tested in a series of 84 primary CRCs and there was a significant correlation between them (P?=?0.001). We conclude that Src is a novel and functionally important target of the Cten signaling pathway and that Cten protein causes post-transcriptional stabilization of Src in promoting EMT and possibly metastasis in CRC.

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles were fabricated using a new route chemical reaction technique. During growth, the temperature of the annealing was controlled between 200 °C and 500 °C. The structural, morphological and optical properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption. The X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits a wurtzite crystal structure at room temperature. The thermal nonlinear refractive indexes of the ZnSNP films are calculated based on diffraction ring patterns and the Z-scan technique. The optical limiting properties were also studied. The efficiency of the optical limiting was found to depend on the temperature of the sample. The mechanism of optical limiting is found to be predominantly of a thermal origin. The evaluation of the figure of merit (W > 1) shows that the ZnSNP films are sufficient for application in all-optical switching technology. These results show that the ZnSNPs have potential application in nonlinear optics.

Objectives: Tibiofemoral angle (TFA), is anatomically formed by the intersection of the anatomical axis' of both the femur and tibia. The TFA differ according to age and ethnic groups. The aim of the current study is to determine clinically the mean value of the TFA, intercondylar distance (ICD) and intermalleolar distance (IMD) in children in Saudi Arabia for the age group 2 to 16 years and correlate the body mass index (BMI) to the lower limb alignment. Method: A total of 469 Saudi children (280 males and 189 females) were included in this study. The age range of participants was 2-16 years. We clinically measured using a goniometer for the TFA and a measuring tape for ICD and IMD. Result: The maximum mean TFA is found in the age group 13 years; in girls 9.70 degrees and in boys 11.75 degrees. There is a significant difference between the mean TFA of boys and girls in the age group of 13 years. The maximum valgus in girls was 16 degrees at age 5 and 6 years, and in boy was 18 degrees at age of 8 years. There is no varus alignment in the mean TFA in children older than 2 years. We found a statistically significant difference for the correlation coefficient of age with IMD. Both the ICD and IMD were variable with age. The BMI of the studied children has a negative correlation with the IMD [r = -0.086, P = 0.064]. There was no statistically significant correlation between the BMI and the mean TFA or the ICD. Conclusion: The development pattern was found to be different in Saudi children studied from the international patterns. The mean TFAs of different age groups is provided in this study. We believe our data could be considered as one of the references for evaluating lower limb alignment in Saudi children. Keywords: Bowlegs, intercondylar distance, intermalleolar distance, knee angle, tibiofemoral angle.

Networks containing poly (O-toluidine) (POT) and LiCl (5%, 10%, 20%, 30% V/V) were synthesized in thin films formed using a chemical reaction method. Details analysis of the surface morphology for the prepared thin films was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with the Image J software. It is clearly observed that the percentage rate of LiCl is highly influence on the morphology of the POT surfaces. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns are utilized to confirm the corresponding chemical bonds and the crystalline structure of the fabricated networks, respectively. The energy gap of the POT thin films was calculated based on the UV–Vis measurements and the values exhibit a directly allowed transition. The room thermal optical coefficients of POT were evaluated through the thermal lens technique as a function of LiCl concentrations. The aforementioned findings suggest the high impacts of the fabricated networks in several applications related to optoelectronics and energy storage areas.

In the current work of radiology, polymeric sheets of the PM-355 nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) were exposed with α-particles and solar radiation for several exposure times. The absorption spectrum of samples exposed to the sun showed that the edge of the absorption accidentally changed to longer wavelengths. An investigation of continue waveguide laser effects on the nonlinear absorption properties of nuclear track polymer has been done. Non-linear absorption increases with increasing levels of exposure to sunlight and is highly connected to revealed surface morphology and chemical structural modifications. In case of high solar radiation flux and α-particles irradiation, the nuclear track detectors showed high nonlinearities, represented by the appearance of a number of diffraction rings.

We report on the observation of thermal lens as well as multiple diffraction ring patterns due to the irradiation of the azo dye “1.8-Dihydroxy-naphthalin-3, 6 disulfonic acid [2-(4-Azo)]-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-benzene sulfonamide” at same time by three continuous wave, green (λ=532 nm), red (λ=635 nm) and blue (λ=473 nm), laser beams. This effect we observed at power input less than 10 mW for the pump 532 nm green laser and as low as 50 μW of beams from other two wavelengths. The number of rings for all three beams is totally controlled by the level of pump input power. The optical limiting of the azo dye solution using the 532 nm green laser beam is also demonstrated. The change in the material refractive index, Δn, the nonlinear refractive index, n 2, and the thermo-optical coefficient dn/dT are calculated based on thermal lens and diffraction ring techniques. The three quantities are found to be in the range of 10−4, 10−7 cm 2/W and 10−5 K −1 respectively by both techniques.

Thin films of P3HT (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):PCBM(phenyl-C61-Butyric-Acid-Methyl Ester) and P3HT:PCBM and P3HT:ICBA (indene-C60 bisadduct) blends with different volume ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) were successfully prepared using a spin coating technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) along with X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to examine the morphological and the crystal structural characterization of the prepared thin films. The capacitance–voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G-V) characteristics were evaluated at a fixed frequency with rang of applied voltage from (−2 up to 2 V). The Mott-Schottky analysis was applied to C-V measurements of P3HT: PCBM, ICBA bulk heterojunction solar cells. The doping densities and built-in voltages were determined as significant implications to understand the physics of these devices. The potential difference between the Fermi level and the bottom of the HOMO level in the p-type organic semiconductor as well as the barrier height were determined. The capacitance-frequency (C-F) and conductance-frequency (G-F) were measured in the range of 0 Hz to 100 MHz at room temperature and then, the number of the interface states due to the depletion was determined.

Cten (C-terminal tensin-like) is a member of the tensin protein family found in complex with integrins at focal adhesions. It promotes epithelial?mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell motility. The precise mechanisms regulating Cten are unknown, although we and others have shown that Cten could be under the regulation of several cytokines and growth factors. Since Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-?1) regulates integrin function and promotes EMT / cell motility, we were prompted to investigate whether TGF-?1 induces EMT and cell motility through Cten signalling in colorectal cancer. TGF-?1 signalling was modulated by either stimulation with TGF-?1 or knockdown of TGF-?1 in the CRC cell lines SW620 and HCT116. The effect of this modulation on expression of Cten, EMT markers and on cellular function was tested. The role of Cten as a direct mediator of TGF-?1 signalling was investigated in a CRC cell line in which the Cten gene had been deleted (SW620?Cten). When TGF-?1 was stimulated or inhibited, this resulted in, respectively, upregulation and downregulation of Cten expression and EMT markers (Snail, Rock, N-Cadherin, Src). Cell migration and cell invasion were significantly increased following TGF-?1 stimulation and lost by TGF-?1 knockdown. TGF-?1 stimulation of the SW620?Cten cell line resulted in selective loss of the effect of TGF-?1 signalling pathway on EMT and cell motility whilst the stimulatory effect on cell proliferation was retained. These data suggested Cten may play an essential role in mediating TGF-?1 induced EMT and cell motility and may therefore play a role in metastasis in CRC.

Cten is an oncogene which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in many signalling pathways. Having previously shown that Cten promotes EMT through Snail, we investigated whether Cten function could be mediated through Src (a known regulator of Snail).Cten levels were modulated by forced expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines with low Cten expression (HCT116 and RKO) and gene knockdown in a cell line with high Cten expression (SW620). In all cell lines, Cten was a positive regulator of Src expression. The functional importance of Src was tested by forcibly expressing Cten and simultaneously knocking down Src. This resulted in abrogation of Cten motility-inducing activity (cell migration, cell invasion, wound healing – each pΔCten). SW620ΔCten showed reduced expression of Src which increased following restoration of Cten by forced expression. In SW620ΔCten, restoration of Cten increased cell motility (cell migration, cell invasion, wound healing) and colony formation (each pWe conclude that Src is a novel and functionally important target of the Cten signalling pathway and that Cten protein causes post-transcriptional stabilisation of Src protein in order to promote EMT and possibly metastasis in CRC.

Cten is a tensin which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell motility. The precise mechanisms regulating Cten are unknown, although Cten could be regulated by several cytokines and growth factors. Since Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) regulates integrin function and promotes EMT / cell motility, we investigated whether this happens through Cten signalling in colorectal cancer (CRC).TGF-β1 signalling was modulated by either stimulation or knockdown in the CRC cell lines SW620 and HCT116. The effect of this modulation on expression of Cten, EMT markers and cellular function was tested. Cten role as a direct mediator of TGF-β1 signalling was investigated in a CRC cell line with a deleted Cten gene (SW620ΔCten).When TGF-β1 was stimulated or inhibited, this resulted in, respectively, upregulation and downregulation of Cten expression and EMT markers. Cell migration and invasion were significantly increased following TGF-β1 stimulation and lost by TGF-β1 knockdown. TGF-β1 stimulation in SW620ΔCten resulted in selective loss of the effect of TGF-β1 signalling on EMT and cell motility whilst the stimulatory effect on cell proliferation was retained.These data suggested Cten may play an essential role in mediating TGF-β1-induced EMT and cell motility and may play a role in metastasis in CRC.

One of the primary goal of the current research is to estimate the concentration of Boron element B 5 10 in soil of North of Basrah in Iraq. The evaluation was achieved by analysing the soil samples obtained from 34 locations using carmine method. The estimation range of Boron concentration was between 0.259 ppm to 0.757 ppm corresponding to Al-Huwair, Al-Mhayit and Al-Huwar river EZZ in soil respectively. It can be noticed from the study that all the surface soil samples under the test have a boron ratio within the natural limits for drinking water supplies for the people.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared as a films with different volume ratios of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to test morphology and grain size of the specimen surfaces. The results revealed that the surface roughness of specimen decreased with increasing the ratio of TiO2 whereas the grain size was increased. The stress-strain curves for TiO2/PVA composite films with 0%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04% TiO2 content are characterized. The mechanical performance of the TiO2/PVA composite films was clearly affected according to loaded TiO2 contrast to that of the pure film. Furthermore, the titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite samples examined as a shielding material of gamma ray. linear attenuation coefficient was measured by using the Cesium-137 (Cs-137) and gamma-ray photons 662 keV as a radioactive source. It was shown that the efficiency of shielding material increased with increasing the loaded amount of TiO2.

Integrated analysis of genomic and transcriptomic level changes holds promise for a better understanding of colorectal cancer (CRC) biology. There is a pertinent need to explain the functional effect of genome level changes by integrating the information at the transcript level. Using high resolution cytogenetics array, we had earlier identified driver genes by ‘Genomic Identification of Significant Targets In Cancer (GISTIC)’ analysis of paired tumour-normal samples from colorectal cancer patients. In this study, we analyze these driver genes at three levels using exon array data – gene, exon and network. Gene level analysis revealed a small subset to experience differential expression. These results were reinforced by carrying out separate differential expression analyses (SAM and LIMMA). ATP8B1 was found to be the novel gene associated with CRC that shows changes at cytogenetic, gene and exon levels. Splice index of 29 exons corresponding to 13 genes was found to be significantly altered in tumour samples. Driver genes were used to construct regulatory networks for tumour and normal groups. There were rearrangements in transcription factor genes suggesting the presence of regulatory switching. The regulatory pattern of AHR gene was found to have the most significant alteration. Our results integrate data with focus on driver genes resulting in highly enriched novel molecules that need further studies to establish their role in CRC.

Preparation of poly (o-toluidine) was doped by different volume ratios of cobalt chloride and characterized by (FT-IR, XRD and SEM). The results showed that the intensity of absorption increased while energy gaps of the prepared polymer decreased with respect to increasing ratio of the dopant where the direct and indirect energy gaps were calculated, in addition to edge of the absorption. Photovoltaic device was fabricated by deposit the prepared polymer on the n-type silicon by spin coating method, so the batter efficiency of the prepared devices was 3.02% which was tested under dark and illumination with intensity of 100mW/cm².