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Background: Low back pain is highly prevalent and the main cause of years lived with disability (YLDs). We present the most up-to-date global, regional, and national data on prevalence and YLDs for low back pain from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021. Methods: Population-based studies from 1980 to 2019 identified in a systematic review, international surveys, US medical claims data, and dataset contributions by collaborators were used to estimate the prevalence and YLDs for low back pain from 1990 to 2020, for 204 countries and territories. Low back pain was defined as pain between the 12th ribs and the gluteal folds that lasted a day or more; input data using alternative definitions were adjusted in a network meta-regression analysis. Nested Bayesian meta-regression models were used to estimate prevalence and YLDs by age, sex, year, and location. Prevalence was projected to 2050 by running a regression on prevalence rates using Socio-demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying them by projected population estimates. Findings: In 2020, low back pain affected 619 million (95% uncertainty interval 554–694) people globally, with a projection of 843 million (759–933) prevalent cases by 2050. In 2020, the global age-standardised rate of YLDs was 832 per 100 000 (578–1070). Between 1990 and 2020, age-standardised rates of prevalence and YLDs decreased by 10·4% (10·9–10·0) and 10·5% (11·1–10·0), respectively. A total of 38·8% (28·7–47·0) of YLDs were attributed to occupational factors, smoking, and high BMI. Interpretation: Low back pain remains the leading cause of YLDs globally, and in 2020, there were more than half a billion prevalent cases of low back pain worldwide. While age-standardised rates have decreased modestly over the past three decades, it is projected that globally in 2050, more than 800 million people will have low back pain. Challenges persist in obtaining primary country-level data on low back pain, and there is an urgent need for more high-quality, primary, country-level data on both prevalence and severity distributions to improve accuracy and monitor change. Funding: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Two new pseudoscorpion species, Stenohya dongtianensis sp. nov. and S. jiahensis sp. nov., from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are described and illustrated. An identification key is provided for all known representatives of the genus Stenohya from China.

This paper is devoted to the prescribed performance control (PPC) for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with input saturation constraints. With the help of an improved tuning function, the system can achieve the desired steady-state and transient performance in the pre-designed time. A new error transformation function is introduced, which has inherent robustness, so it does not need to use any approximation technique or calculate the analytical derivative. Compared with the relevant results, the proposed scheme has the same lower complexity, but better transient and steady-state performance, although there exists uncertain nonlinearity and uncertain disturbances in the system. Finally, the correctness of the above algorithm is verified by simulation experiments.

We investigate the reason why β-methylthio and β-methylselenyl substitution alter the molecular stacking in organic semiconductor crystals, in terms of the intermolecular interaction energy.

The high incidence and difficulties of treatment of cancer have always been a challenge for mankind. Two-photon photodynamic therapy (TP-PDT) as a less invasive technique provides a new perspective for tumor treatment due to its low-energy near-infrared excitation, high targeting, and minor damage. At present, the emerging metal complexes used as the photosensitizers (PSs) in TP-PDT have aroused great interest. However, most metal complexes as PSs in TP-PDT still face some problems, such as slow clearance, unsatisfactory two-photon absorption (TPA) characteristics, high price, low reactivity, and poor solubility. In this work, density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory were used to characterize the one/two-photon response, solvation free energy, and lipophilicity of a series of novel PSs applied in TP-PDT. The results suggest that based on complex

Integuments form important protective cell layers surrounding the developing ovules in gymno- and angiosperms. Although several genes have been shown to influence the development of integuments, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism is still poorly understood. In this work, we report that the Class II KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX II) transcription factors KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEBOX GENE 3 (KNAT3) and KNAT4 regulate integument development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). KNAT3 and KNAT4 were co-expressed in inflorescences and especially in young developing ovules. The loss-of-function double mutant knat3 knat4 showed an infertility phenotype, in which both inner and outer integuments of the ovule are arrested at an early stage and form an amorphous structure as in the bell1 (bel1) mutant. The expression of chimeric KNAT3- and KNAT4-EAR motif repression domain (SRDX repressors) resulted in severe seed abortion. Protein–protein interaction assays demonstrated that KNAT3 and KNAT4 interact with each other and also with INNER NO OUTER (INO), a key transcription factor required for the outer integument formation. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of genes related with integument development is influenced in the knat3 knat4 mutant. The knat3 knat4 mutant also had a lower indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, and some auxin signaling pathway genes were downregulated. Moreover, transactivation analysis indicated that KNAT3/4 and INO activate the auxin signaling gene IAA INDUCIBLE 14 (IAA14). Taken together, our study identified KNAT3 and KNAT4 as key factors in integument development in Arabidopsis.

Increases in recorded high temperatures around the world are causing plant thermomorphogenesis and decreasing crop productivity. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) is a central positive regulator of plant thermomorphogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PIF4-regulated thermomorphogenesis remain largely unclear. In this study, we identified ABNORMAL THERMOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (ABT1) as an important negative regulator of PIF4 and plant thermomorphogenesis. Overexpression of ABT1 in the activation tagging mutant abt1-D caused shorter hypocotyls and petioles under moderately high temperature (HT). ABT1 encodes WRKY14, which belongs to subgroup II of the WRKY transcription factors. Overexpression of ABT1/WRKY14 or its close homologs, including ABT2/WRKY35, ABT3/WRKY65, and ABT4/WRKY69in transgenic plants caused insensitivity to HT, whereas the quadruple mutant abt1 abt2 abt3 abt4 exhibited greater sensitivity to HT. ABTs were expressed in hypocotyls, cotyledons, shoot apical meristems, and leaves, but their expression were suppressed by HT. Biochemical assays showed that ABT1 can interact with TCP5, a known positive regulator of PIF4, and interrupt the formation of the TCP5-PIF4 complex and repress its transcriptional activation activity. Genetic analysis showed that ABT1 functioned antagonistically with TCP5, BZR1, and PIF4 in plant thermomorphogenesis. Taken together, our results identify ABT1/WRKY14 as a critical repressor of plant thermomorphogenesis and suggest that ABT1/WRKY14, TCP5, and PIF4 may form a sophisticated regulatory module to fine-tune PIF4 activity and temperature-dependent plant growth.

A phase 1a first-in-human study evaluated the safety/tolerability, preliminary antitumour activity and pharmacokinetics of the oral MEK1/2 inhibitor FCN-159 in Chinese patients with advanced, NRAS-mutant melanoma.Patients received a single FCN-159 dose at assigned levels, proceeding to continuous dosing (once daily [QD] for 28-day cycles) if no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurred within the next 3 days. Dose escalation was initiated after review of data for the previous dose level. The primary end-point was incidence of DLTs after the first dose.Thirty-three patients were enrolled across nine FCN-159 dose groups (0.2-15 mg QD). One DLT occurred: grade 3 folliculitis in the 15-mg group. There was one gradegt;3 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), death of unknown aetiology (not FCN-159 related). The most common FCN-159-related TEAE was rash (36.4%), and the incidence of grade ≥3 FCN-159-related TEAEs was 15.2%. Antitumour activity at QD doseslt;6 mg was limited; therefore, efficacy data are presented only for doses ≥6 mg (n = 21). The objective response and clinical benefit rates were 19.0% (four partial responses) and 52.4%, respectively. Median (95% confidence interval) duration of response and progression-free survival were 4.8 months (2.8-not reached) and 3.8 months (1.8-5.6), respectively. FCN-159 exposure increased dose-proportionately; geometric mean terminal half-life was 29.9-56.9 h.FCN-159 was well tolerated and demonstrated promising antitumour activity at doses ≥6 mg QD in patients with advanced, NRAS-mutant melanoma. The recommended phase 2 dose was 12 mg QD.NCT03932253. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03932253.

Though many biological roles of ethylene have been investigated intensively, the molecular mechanism of ethylene's action in woody plants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, on the growth of Neolamarckia cadamba seedlings, a fast-growing tropical tree. After 14 days of ACC treatment, the plants showed a reduced physiological morphology while stem diameter increased; however, this did not occur after the addition of 1-MCP. Meanwhile, the lignin content of N. cadamba also increased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes ACC oxidase (ACO) and ethylene insensitive 3 (EIN3) were up-regulated mainly at the 6th hour and the 3rd day of the ACC treatment, respectively. The transcription levels of transcription factors, mainly in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), ethylene response factor (ERF), WRKY and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) families, involved in the ethylene signaling and secondary growth also increased significantly. Furthermore, in accordance to the increased lignification of the stem, the transcriptional level of key enzymes in the phenylalanine pathway were elevated after the ACC treatment. Our results revealed the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the secondary growth stimulated by exogenous ACC treatment on N. cadamba seedlings.

Hao-Ran Zheng,1,2,&ast; Ai-Min Jiang,1,&ast; Huan Gao,1 Na Liu,1 Xiao-Qiang Zheng,1 Xiao Fu,1 Rui Zhang,1 Zhi-Ping Ruan,1 Tao Tian,1 Xuan Liang,1 Yu Yao1 1Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Oncology, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xuan Liang; Yu Yao, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-29-85324600, Fax +86-29-85324086, Email liangxuan029@163.com; 13572101611@163.comPurpose: Anlotinib, an antiangiogenic multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has shown favorable anticancer efficacy and acceptable safety in treating extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in some clinical studies. This research aimed to explore the real-world efficacy and safety of anlotinib in ES-SCLC.Methods: Pathologically confirmed ES-SCLC patients receiving anlotinib were enrolled for this retrospective study. The primary endpoint of this study was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse reactions.Results: In total, 202 patients were included in this study. The median PFS of all patients was 4.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.9– 5.7], and the median OS was 7.6 months (95% CI 6.5– 8.7). Respectively, the overall ORR and DCR were 30.2% and 87.1%. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≤ 1, plus chemotherapy or immunotherapy, plus radiotherapy, and post-medication hypertension might have longer PFS and OS. The PFS and OS were significantly prolonged in combination group than that in monotherapy group [PFS 6.0 vs 3.6 months, hazards ratio (HR)=0.49, 95% CI 0.34– 0.70, P < 0.001; OS 9.2 vs 4.8 months, HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.32– 0.72, P < 0.001]. The main treatment-related adverse reactions were generally tolerated. The incidence of adverse reactions in combination group was higher than that in monotherapy group (75.0% vs 52.6%, P = 0.001). The most common adverse reaction was hypertension, followed by hand-foot syndrome and fatigue, regardless of monotherapy or combination group.Conclusion: Anlotinib is effective and well tolerated in patients with ES-SCLC in the real-world. The clinical efficacy of anlotinib combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy is better than that of monotherapy. Further investigations are needed for prospective studies with larger sample size.Keywords: anlotinib, small cell lung cancer, real-world, efficacy, safety

Yan-Fen Tang,1,2,&ast; Jun-Yan Han,2– 4,&ast; Ai-Min Ren,1,2 Li Chen,1,2 Tian-Jiao Xue,1,2 Yong-Hong Yan,2– 4 Xi Wang,2– 4 Yu Wang,1,2 Rong-Hua Jin2,3,5 1Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China; 2National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China; 4Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China; 5Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102299, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rong-Hua Jin, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 84322009, Fax +86 10 84322146, Email ronghuajin@ccmu.edu.cn Yu Wang, Department of Respiratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 84322963, Fax +86 10 84322146, Email wangyu20171021@163.comObjective: To explore the long-term effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection on the pulmonary function in the severe convalescent COVID-19 patients for 6 to 9 months follow-up in Beijing, China.Methods: A total of 64 cases of COVID-19 patients were recruited for the study and discharged from the Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, for 6 to 9 months. COVID-19 patients were divided into non-severe (mild and moderate) and severe groups. The follow-up investigated the lung function tests, the novel coronavirus antibody (IgM and IgG), chest CT and blood tests.Results: About 25.00% (16/64) patients had pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and 35.9% (23/64) had diffusion dysfunction. In the severe group, 56.50% (13/23) individuals showed decreased diffusion function. The diffusion dysfunction of the severe group was significantly decreased than the non-severe group (P = 0.01). Among 56 cases, the positive rate of IgG titers was 73.2% (41/56). The result of chest CT showed 55.36% (31/56) cases in nodules, 44.64% (25/56) in strip-like changes, 37.5% (21/56) in-ground glass shadow, and 5.36% (3/56) in grid shadow, which was significantly different between the severe group and the non-severe group. Patients tended to have ground glass changes in the severe group while nodules in the non-severe group.Conclusion: For the 6 to 9 months in convalescent COVID-19 patients, 56.50% (13/23) of severe patients had pulmonary diffusion dysfunction. Convalescent COVID-19 patients should have their pulmonary function regularly tested, especially those with severe illness.Keywords: COVID-19, pulmonary function, SARS-CoV-2 antibody, severe patients, chest CT, follow-up

Acute liver injury is liver cell injury that occurs rapidly in a short period of time. Caffeine has been shown to maintain hepatoprotective effect with an unclear mechanism. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has significant effects in acute liver injury. Induction of GRP78 is a hallmark of ERS. Whether or not caffeine's function is related to GRP78 remains to be explored.Acute liver injury model was established by LPS-treated L02 cells and in vivo administration of LPS/D-Gal in mice. Caffeine was pre-treated in L02 cells or mice. Gene levels was determined by real-time PCR and western blot. Cell viability was tested by CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. The interaction of GRP78 and NEDD4L was determined by Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. The ubiquitination by NEDD4L on GRP78 was validated by in vitro ubiquitination assay.Caffeine protected liver cells against acute injury induced cell apoptosis and ERS both in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of GRP78 could block the LPS-induced cell apoptosis and ERS. NEDD4L was found to interact with GRP78 and ubiquitinate its lysine of 324 site directly. Caffeine treatment induced the expression of NEDD4L, resulting in the ubiquitination and inhibition of GRP78.Caffeine mitigated the acute liver injury by stimulating NEDD4L expression, which inhibited GRP78 expression via ubiquitination at its K324 site. Low dose of caffeine could be a promising therapeutic treatment for acute liver injury.

Background. Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Maca) has emerged as a functional plant food and traditional herb owing to its biological activities; Maca polysaccharides as an important active component of Maca have good immunomodulatory effect; however, studies on the immunomodulatory effect of Maca polysaccharides are mainly focused on macrophages; little attention has been devoted to the mechanisms and other immune cells. This study is aimed at investigating the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of Maca polysaccharides. Methods. Sixty mice were divided into five groups, and the mice were injected with cyclophosphamide to establish an immunosuppression model except for those in the common group. The body weights were measured, as well as immune-related indices, such as organ indices, haematological parameters, lymphocyte cycle, and proliferation, cytokine, and protein expression levels. Results. The weight loss and immune organ index decline caused by cyclophosphamide could be reversed by MP. Furthermore, MP increased WBC and HGB counts and reduced the ratio of G0/G1 phase obviously, increased the proportion of S phase and G2/M phase in peripheral blood lymphocytes, increased the counts of CD4+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+, and reduced the inhibition rate of splenic lymphocytes. MP affected the production of cytokines by increasing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 levels and by decreasing IL-4 levels. MP increased the mRNA expression of T-bet and the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the spleen and decreased the protein expression of caspase-3 and Bax. Conclusions. Maca polysaccharides might be the basic material for Maca’s immunomodulatory effect. The mechanism was perhaps related to inhibiting lymphocyte apoptosis and promoting the balance of Th1/Th2 cell subsets.

Stenohya jiahensis sp. nov. (Figures 2, 3B) Type material. Holotype male: China, Guangxi Province, Guilin City, Lingui District, Lingui Town, Jiahe Garden, 25º15.134’ N, 110º12.125’ E, 156 m a.s.l., 18 February 2019, Yun-Chun Li leg., in MCWNU (Ar-Ps-GX-0003). Diagnosis (male, female unknown). This new species is distinguished from other members of the genus Stenohya by the following combination of characters: pedipalpal femur with one distal tubercle (many small bulges) and one basal tubercle on prolateral face, hand with 42 tooth-shaped tubercles (retrolateral view). Fixed finger with 94 small cusped teeth, movable finger with 89 teeth. Pedipalpal femur 4.25× longer than broad, length 1.64 mm; chela (with pedicel) 5.19× longer than broad, length 2.93 mm; ratio movable chelal finger/chelal hand (with pedicel) 1.40×. Etymology. Latinised adjective, derived from the type locality, namely Jiahe Garden. Description. Carapace, chelicerae and abdomen brown, remaining parts yellowish brown. Carapace (Fig. 2A): 1.34× longer than broad, with four well-developed eyes; two anterior eyes length 0.11 mm, breadth 0.08 mm; two posterior eyes length 0.09 mm, breadth 0.06 mm; anterior margin with distinct epistome, triangular. Carapace surface with ten lyrifissures. A total of 28 setae, including six on the anterior margin and seven on the posterior margin. Chelicera: Hand with six setae and one or two lyrifissures dorsally, movable finger with one submedial seta; fixed cheliceral finger with nine teeth, movable finger with five teeth (Fig. 2B). Galea divided into two main branches, one of them forked apically. Serrula exterior with about 37 blades and serrula interior with 32, rallum composed of six blades. Pedipalp (Figs 2E–I): pedipalpal femur with one distal tubercle (many small bulges) and one basal tubercle on the prolateral face, and six lyrifissures, patella with four lyrifissures, hand with 42 tooth-shaped tubercles basal to fixed chelal finger base (retrolateral view), each tooth-shaped tubercle has a seta at the base (Figs 2F, G). Trochanter 1.94×, femur 4.25×, patella 4.30× longer than broad, femur 1.09× longer than patella. Chela (with pedicel) 5.19×, hand (with pedicel) 2.26× longer than broad; movable chelal finger 1.40× longer than hand (with pedicel) length. Fixed finger with 94 small cusped teeth, movable finger with 89 teeth; venom duct in fixed finger, very short. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria and movable finger with four trichobothria, eb, esb, ib and isb located basally of the fixed finger; et, est, it (retrolateral view) and ist (prolateral view) situated distally, et distinctly closer to fingertip than to it; on movable finger, b and sb located basally, t and st situated distally. Abdomen: tergal chaetotaxy (I–XI): 6: 8: 8: 9: 11: 10: 11: 11: 11: 11: 7; sternal chaetotaxy (IV–XI): 29: 18: 14: 19: 15: 15: 12: 9; anal cone with two dorsal and two ventral setae. Tergite XI with two tactile setae. Manducatory process with five setae. Pedipalpal coxa with 14 setae, coxa I 7, II 8, III 8, IV15 setae. Anterior genital operculum with 27 setae and without lyrifissures; posterior operculum with 25 setae, two lyrifissures (Fig. 2D). Sternites V 2, VI 13, VII 13, VIII 11 medial scattered glandular setae (Fig. 2C). Legs: Leg I: trochanter 1.08× longer than deep, femur 3.09× longer than deep and 1.01× longer than patella, patella 3.09× longer than deep, tibia 4.16× longer, basitarsus 3.14× longer, telotarsus 4.50× longer than deep, telotarsus 1.06× longer than basitarsus. Leg IV: trochanter 2.62× longer than deep, femur + patella 3.71× longer than deep, femur shorter than patella, tibia 7.24× longer than deep, basitarsus 4.41× longer, telotarsus 7.34× longer than deep. Tactile setae probably present (most setae lacking) on basitarsus (near basally of segment), telotarsus with 2 tactile setae (basally, TS = 0.25; distally, TS = 0.43), subterminal seta forked, arolia shorter than claws. Dimensions (Length/width or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm). Males: Body length 3.58. Carapace 1.31/0.97. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.73/0.37, femur 1.64/0.39, patella 1.50/0.35, hand (with pedicel) 1.27/0.56, length of movable chelal finger 1.78, chela 2.93/0.56. Leg I: trochanter 0.36/0.33, femur 0.89/0.29, patella 0.88/0.28, tibia 0.69/0.17, basitarsus 0.41/0.13, telotarsus 0.44/0.10. Leg IV: trochanter 0.61/0.23, femur + patella 1.43/0.38, tibia 1.31/0.18, basitarsus 0.54/0.12, telotarsus 0.80/0.11. Distribution. China (Guangxi)., Published as part of Li, Yun-Chun & Shi, Ai-Min, 2023, Two new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Stenohya (Pseudoscorpiones Neobisiidae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, pp. 387-395 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on pages 390-392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/7906051

Key to the species of Stenohya known from China (males only; S. bomica Zhao & Zhang, 2011 and S. huangi Hu & Zhang, 2012 not included) 1. Palpal femur with tubercle on prolateral face................................................................ 2 - Palpal femur normal, without tubercle on prolateral face...................................................... 3 2. Chelal hand with 14 tooth-shaped tubercles.............................................. S. dongtianensis sp. nov. - Chelal hand with 42 tooth-shaped tubercles.................................................. S. jiahensis sp. nov. 3. Chelal hand with accessory structures, “spine” or “rectangular”................................................. 4 - Chelal hand normal, without accessory structures............................................................ 6 4. Chelal hand have a spine on the ventral margin.............................................................. 5 - Chelal hand projection is large and almost rectangular in shape with 2 horn-like bulges at the top.......................................................................................... S. bicornuta Guo, Zang & Zhang, 2019 5. Rallum with 7 pinnate blades............................................... S. curvata Zhao, Zhang & Jia, 2011 - Rallum with 9 pinnate blades............................................... S. meiacantha Yang & Zhang, 2013 6. Carapace anterior margin with 8 setae..................................................................... 7 - Carapace anterior margin with 6 setae..................................................................... 8 7. Rallum with 6 pinnate blades; fixed chelal finger with 70–74 teeth, movable finger with about 45–47 teeth........................................................................................... S. pengae Hu & Zhang, 2012 - Rallum with 8 pinnate blades; fixed chelal finger with 124–129 teeth, movable finger with about 115–118 teeth................................................................................ S. arcuata Guo, Zang & Zhang, 2019 8. Palpal femur straight................................................................................... 9 - Palpal femur curved.......................................................... S. setulosa Guo & Zhang, 2016 9. Fixed chelal finger at least 95 teeth...................................................................... 10 - Fixed chelal finger at most 66 teeth....................................... S. xiningensis Zhao, Zhang & Jia, 2011 10. Palpal femur 5.00–5.52× as long as broad (length 1.71–1.90 mm), chela (with pedicel) 4.23–4.60× longer than broad.............................................................................. S. hainanensis Guo & Zhang, 2016 - Palpal femur 4.14–4.43× as long as broad (length 1.45–1.55 mm), chela 3.06–3.29× longer than deep...................................................................................... S. tengchongensis Yang & Zhang, 2013, Published as part of Li, Yun-Chun & Shi, Ai-Min, 2023, Two new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Stenohya (Pseudoscorpiones Neobisiidae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, pp. 387-395 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on pages 392-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/7906051, {"references":["Hu, J. & Zhang, F. (2012) Description of two new Stenohya species from China (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae). ZooKeys, 213, 79 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 213.2237","Guo, X. B., Zang, X. & Zhang, F. (2019) Two new Stenohya species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from the Gaoligong Mountains, Southwestern China. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 65, 95 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.17109 / AZH. 65.2.95.2019","Zhao, YW., Zhang, F. & Jia, Y. (2011) Two new species of the genus Stenohya Beier, 1967 (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae) from China. Zootaxa, 2834 (1), 57 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2834.1.5","Yang, J. & Zhang, F. (2013) Two new species of the genus Stenohya Beier from Yunnan, China (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 59, 131 - 141."]}

Stenohya dongtianensis sp. nov. (Figures 1, 3A) Type material. Holotype male: China, Guangxi Province, Guilin City, Xingan County, Hucheng Town, Dongtian Village, Longpan Mountain, Rudongyan, 25º34’26.3’’N, 110º37’12.2’’E, 200 m a.s.l., 21 February 2019, Yun-Chun Li leg., in MCWNU (Ar-Ps-GX-0009); Paratype: 1 male, collected with the holotype, in MCWNU (Ar-Ps-GX-0007). Diagnosis (male, female unknown). This new species is distinguished from other members of the genus Stenohya by the following combination of characters: pedipalpal femur with one distal tubercle on the prolateral face, hand with 14 large tooth-shaped tubercles in the middle (retrolateral view). Fixed finger with 112–115 small cusped teeth, movable finger with 106–110 teeth. Pedipalpal femur 5.21–5.26× longer than broad, length 1.96–1.97 mm; chela with pedicel 4.56–4.60× longer than broad, length 3.62–3.63 mm; ratio movable chelal finger/chelal hand (with pedicel) 1.46–1.48×. Etymology. Latinised adjective, derived from Dongtian Village, near the type locality. Description. Carapace, chelicerae and abdomen brown, remaining parts yellowish brown. Carapace (Fig. 1A): 1.06–1.08× longer than broad, with four well-developed eyes; two anterior eyes, length 0.12–0.13 mm, breadth 0.07–0.08 mm; two posterior eyes length 0.09–0.10 mm, breadth 0.05–0.06 mm; anterior margin with distinct epistome, triangular. Carapace surface with seven lyrifissures. With a total of 29 or 30 setae, including six on the anterior margin and seven or eight on the posterior margin. Chelicera: Hand with six or seven setae and two lyrifissures dorsally, movable finger with one submedial seta; fixed cheliceral finger with 13 teeth, movable finger with seven teeth (Fig. 1B). Galea divided into two main branches, one of them forked apically (Figs 1B, C). Serrula exterior with about 39 blades and serrula interior with 33; rallum composed of six blades (Fig. 1D). Pedipalp (Fig. 1I–M): pedipalpal femur with one distal tubercle on the prolateral face, and with seven lyrifissures, patella with eight lyrifissures, hand with 14 large tooth-shaped tubercles in the middle (retrolateral view), each tooth-shaped tubercle has a seta at the base (Fig. 1I, J). Trochanter 2.21–2.23×, femur 5.21–5.26×, patella 4.19–4.24× longer than broad, femur 1.13–1.14× longer than patella. Chela (with pedicel) 4.56–4.60×, hand (with pedicel) 1.92–1.95× longer than broad; movable chelal finger 1.46–1.48× longer than hand (with pedicel) length. Fixed finger with 112–115 small cusped teeth, movable finger with 106–110 teeth; venom duct in fixed finger, very short. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria and movable finger with four trichobothria, eb, esb, ib and isb located basally of the fixed finger; et, est, it (retrolateral view) and ist (prolateral view) situated distally, et distinctly closer to fingertip than to it; on movable finger, b and sb located basally, t and st situated distally. Abdomen: tergal chaetotaxy (I–XI): 6: 8: 8: 8: 8: 9: 11: 12: 12: 10: 7; sternal chaetotaxy (IV–XI): 27: 15: 13: 14: 16: 17: 11: 7; anal cone with two dorsal and two ventral setae. Tergite XI with two tactile setae. Manducatory process with five setae. Pedipalpal coxa with 12 setae, coxa I 9, II 8, III 9, IV18 setae. Anterior genital operculum with 40–42 setae and two lyrifissures; posterior operculum with 27–29 setae, two lyrifissures (Fig. 1H). Sternites VI 12–13, VII 13, VIII 13 medial scattered glandular setae (Fig. 1E). Legs (Fig. 1F, G): Leg I: trochanter 0.91–0.93× longer than deep, femur 4.42–4.43× longer than deep and 1.40–1.42× longer than patella, patella 2.76–2.77× longer than deep, tibia 4.29–4.30× longer, basitarsus 3.23–3.24× longer, telotarsus 4.43–4.45× longer than deep, telotarsus 1.29–1.30× longer than basitarsus. Leg IV: trochanter 2.89–2.93× longer than deep, femur+patella 3.62–3.65× longer than deep, femur shorter than patella, tibia 5.78– 5.79× longer than deep, basitarsus 4.14–4.16× longer, telotarsus 6.37–6.38× longer than deep. Basitarsus with one tactile seta (distally, TS = 0.53), telotarsus with a tactile seta near the middle (TS = 0.46), subterminal seta forked, arolia shorter than claws. Dimensions (Length/width or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm). Males: body length 3.83–3.92. Carapace 1.35–1.37/1.28–1.29. Pedipalp: trochanter 1.00–1.02/0.45–0.47, femur 1.96–1.97/0.38–0.40, patella 1.73–1.76/0.41–0.42, hand (with pedicel) 1.53–1.55/0.79–0.80, length of movable chelal finger 2.23–2.24, chela 3.62–3.63/0.79–0.80. Leg I: trochanter 0.35–0.39/0.39–0.40, femur 1.22–1.24/0.28– 0.31, patella 0.88–0.91/0.32–0.33, tibia 0.86–0.88/0.20–0.23, basitarsus 0.49–0.51/0.15–0.17, telotarsus 0.63– 0.66/0.14–0.16. Leg IV: trochanter 0.79–0.81/0.27–0.30, femur+patella 1.69–1.72/0.47–0.50, tibia 1.64–1.66/0.28– 0.30, basitarsus 0.69–0.71/0.17–0.19, telotarsus 0.91–0.93/0.14–0.16. Distribution. China (Guangxi)., Published as part of Li, Yun-Chun & Shi, Ai-Min, 2023, Two new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Stenohya (Pseudoscorpiones Neobisiidae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, pp. 387-395 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on pages 388-390, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/7906051

Stenohya jiahensis sp. nov. (Figures 2, 3B) Type material. Holotype male: China, Guangxi Province, Guilin City, Lingui District, Lingui Town, Jiahe Garden, 25º15.134’ N, 110º12.125’ E, 156 m a.s.l., 18 February 2019, Yun-Chun Li leg., in MCWNU (Ar-Ps-GX-0003). Diagnosis (male, female unknown). This new species is distinguished from other members of the genus Stenohya by the following combination of characters: pedipalpal femur with one distal tubercle (many small bulges) and one basal tubercle on prolateral face, hand with 42 tooth-shaped tubercles (retrolateral view). Fixed finger with 94 small cusped teeth, movable finger with 89 teeth. Pedipalpal femur 4.25× longer than broad, length 1.64 mm; chela (with pedicel) 5.19× longer than broad, length 2.93 mm; ratio movable chelal finger/chelal hand (with pedicel) 1.40×. Etymology. Latinised adjective, derived from the type locality, namely Jiahe Garden. Description. Carapace, chelicerae and abdomen brown, remaining parts yellowish brown. Carapace (Fig. 2A): 1.34× longer than broad, with four well-developed eyes; two anterior eyes length 0.11 mm, breadth 0.08 mm; two posterior eyes length 0.09 mm, breadth 0.06 mm; anterior margin with distinct epistome, triangular. Carapace surface with ten lyrifissures. A total of 28 setae, including six on the anterior margin and seven on the posterior margin. Chelicera: Hand with six setae and one or two lyrifissures dorsally, movable finger with one submedial seta; fixed cheliceral finger with nine teeth, movable finger with five teeth (Fig. 2B). Galea divided into two main branches, one of them forked apically. Serrula exterior with about 37 blades and serrula interior with 32, rallum composed of six blades. Pedipalp (Figs 2E–I): pedipalpal femur with one distal tubercle (many small bulges) and one basal tubercle on the prolateral face, and six lyrifissures, patella with four lyrifissures, hand with 42 tooth-shaped tubercles basal to fixed chelal finger base (retrolateral view), each tooth-shaped tubercle has a seta at the base (Figs 2F, G). Trochanter 1.94×, femur 4.25×, patella 4.30× longer than broad, femur 1.09× longer than patella. Chela (with pedicel) 5.19×, hand (with pedicel) 2.26× longer than broad; movable chelal finger 1.40× longer than hand (with pedicel) length. Fixed finger with 94 small cusped teeth, movable finger with 89 teeth; venom duct in fixed finger, very short. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria and movable finger with four trichobothria, eb, esb, ib and isb located basally of the fixed finger; et, est, it (retrolateral view) and ist (prolateral view) situated distally, et distinctly closer to fingertip than to it; on movable finger, b and sb located basally, t and st situated distally. Abdomen: tergal chaetotaxy (I–XI): 6: 8: 8: 9: 11: 10: 11: 11: 11: 11: 7; sternal chaetotaxy (IV–XI): 29: 18: 14: 19: 15: 15: 12: 9; anal cone with two dorsal and two ventral setae. Tergite XI with two tactile setae. Manducatory process with five setae. Pedipalpal coxa with 14 setae, coxa I 7, II 8, III 8, IV15 setae. Anterior genital operculum with 27 setae and without lyrifissures; posterior operculum with 25 setae, two lyrifissures (Fig. 2D). Sternites V 2, VI 13, VII 13, VIII 11 medial scattered glandular setae (Fig. 2C). Legs: Leg I: trochanter 1.08× longer than deep, femur 3.09× longer than deep and 1.01× longer than patella, patella 3.09× longer than deep, tibia 4.16× longer, basitarsus 3.14× longer, telotarsus 4.50× longer than deep, telotarsus 1.06× longer than basitarsus. Leg IV: trochanter 2.62× longer than deep, femur + patella 3.71× longer than deep, femur shorter than patella, tibia 7.24× longer than deep, basitarsus 4.41× longer, telotarsus 7.34× longer than deep. Tactile setae probably present (most setae lacking) on basitarsus (near basally of segment), telotarsus with 2 tactile setae (basally, TS = 0.25; distally, TS = 0.43), subterminal seta forked, arolia shorter than claws. Dimensions (Length/width or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm). Males: Body length 3.58. Carapace 1.31/0.97. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.73/0.37, femur 1.64/0.39, patella 1.50/0.35, hand (with pedicel) 1.27/0.56, length of movable chelal finger 1.78, chela 2.93/0.56. Leg I: trochanter 0.36/0.33, femur 0.89/0.29, patella 0.88/0.28, tibia 0.69/0.17, basitarsus 0.41/0.13, telotarsus 0.44/0.10. Leg IV: trochanter 0.61/0.23, femur + patella 1.43/0.38, tibia 1.31/0.18, basitarsus 0.54/0.12, telotarsus 0.80/0.11. Distribution. China (Guangxi).

Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are widely used in flexible display, renewable energy, and biosensors, owing to their unique solid-state physical and optoelectronic properties. Among the abundant crystal library of OSCs, asymmetric aryl anthracene derivatives have irreplaceable advantages due to the interplay between their distinct π-conjugated geometry and molecular stacking as well as efficient light emission and charge transport properties that can be simultaneously utilized. However, the poor crystal stacking patterns of most asymmetric molecules limit their utility as excellent OSCs. Thus, it is crucial to clarify the structural features that enable the extremely ordered stacking and favorable electronic structure of asymmetric anthracene derivatives to become high-performance OSCs. This contribution investigates the charge transport properties of a series of asymmetric aryl anthracene derivatives to reveal the modulation factors of the molecular stacking modes and to explore the structural factors, which are beneficial to charge transport. The analysis demonstrated that the vinyl-linker facilitated the injection of hole carriers, and the alkynyl-linker effectively reduces the reorganization energy. Importantly, the linear polarizability and permanent dipole moment of a single molecule play a vital regulation to molecular stacking modes and the transfer integral of the dimer. The “head-to-head stacking” motif shows a compact stacking pattern and the maximum 2D anisotropic mobility more than 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. These findings sharpen our understanding of the charge transport properties in asymmetric organic semiconductors and are essential for developing a diverse range of high-performance OSC materials.

There are no approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without EGFR T790M mutation after progression on first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs.We conducted this phase I, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation/dose-expansion study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of FCN-411, a TKI targeting EGFR, HER2, and HER4, in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC whose disease had progressed during treatment of EGFR-TKIs. Adult patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations (exon 18/19/20/21) who had progressed on prior EGFR-TKIs were enrolled. In the dose-escalation phase, patients received 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg, and 16 mg FCN-411 once daily until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In the dose-expansion phase, patients received FCN-411 at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) continuously in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, MTD, and RP2D.From July 23, 2018 to September 29, 2020, 77 patients were enrolled, including 30 with EGFR T790M mutation in tumor tissues. The cut-off date was February 1, 2021. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events among all patients were diarrhea (8; 10.4%) and dermatitis acneiform (7; 9.1%). Ten of 67 evaluable patients achieved confirmed partial response, with an objective response rate (ORR) of 14.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-24.0); the ORR was 33.3%, 14.0%, 0, and 25.0% at 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg, and 16 mg, respectively. Besides, the ORR in patients without and with EGFR T790M mutation was 20.5% and 7.4%, respectively. Moreover, 39 patients achieved stable disease across all doses, and the disease control rate was 73.1% (95% CI, 60.9-83.2). Median progression-free survival was 4.1 (95% CI, 2.9-5.3) months. Median duration of response and overall survival have not been reached.FCN-411 was well tolerated and demonstrated preliminary antitumor activity in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC after progression on EGFR-TKIs, especially in those without EGFR T790M mutation. The RP2D was defined as 8 mg once daily. Future studies are warranted.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03420079.

INTRODUCTION: Women are more vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the earliest structures affected in AD. We identified in cognitively intact elderly different molecular changes in the EC in relation to age. METHODS: Changes in 12 characteristic molecules in relation to age were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization in the EC. They were arbitrarily grouped into sex steroid-related molecules, markers of neuronal activity, neurotransmitter-related molecules, and cholinergic activity-related molecules. RESULTS: The changes in molecules indicated increasing local estrogenic and neuronal activity accompanied by a higher and faster hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in women's EC in relation to age, versus a mainly stable local estrogenic/androgenic and neuronal activity in men's EC. DISCUSSION: EC employs a different neurobiological strategy in women and men to maintain cognitive function, which seems to be accompanied by an earlier start of AD in women. HIGHLIGHTS: Local estrogen system is activated with age only in women's entorhinal cortex (EC). EC neuronal activity increased with age only in elderly women with intact cognition. Men and women have different molecular strategies to retain cognition with aging. P-tau accumulation in the EC was higher and faster in cognitively intact elderly women.

IntroductionEpidemiological studies show that women have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than men. Peripheral estrogen reduction during aging in women is proposed to play a key role in this sex-associated prevalence, however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously found that transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR1) significantly regulates cholinergic function. EGR1 stimulates acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression and is involved in AD pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate whether the triple-transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice harboring PS1M146V, APPSwe, and TauP301L show sex differences in β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau), the two primary AD hallmarks, and how local 17β-estradiol (E2) may regulate the expression of EGR1 and AChE.MethodsWe first sacrificed male and female 3xTg-AD mice at 3–4, 7–8, and 11–12 months and measured the levels of Aβ, p-Tau, EGR1, and AChE in the hippocampal complex. Second, we infected SH-SY5Y cells with lentivirus containing the amyloid precursor protein construct C99, cultured with or without E2 administration we measured the levels of extracellular Aβ and intracellular EGR1 and AChE.ResultsFemale 3xTg-AD mice had higher levels of Aβ compared to males, while no p-Tau was found in either group. In SH-SY5Y cells infected with lentivirus containing the amyloid precursor protein construct C99, we observed significantly increased extracellular Aβ and decreased expression of intracellular EGR1 and AChE. By adding E2 to the culture medium, extracellular Aβ(1–42) was significantly decreased while intracellular EGR1 and AChE expression were elevated.DiscussionThis data shows that the 3xTg-AD mouse model can be useful for studying the human sex differences of AD, but only in regards to Aβ. Furthermore, in vitro data shows local E2 may be protective for EGR1 and cholinergic functions in AD while suppressing soluble Aβ(1–42) levels. Altogether, this study provides further in vivo and in vitro data supporting the human epidemiological data indicating a higher prevalence of AD in women is related to changes in brain estrogen levels.

Elevated heart rate (HR) can be hypothesized to be involved in the pathways by which ambient air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), causes cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, evidence concerning long-term PM2.5 exposure and HR is still limited. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the associations of PM2.5 with HR levels and tachycardia prevalence and explored potential modifiers of the associations. We used baseline data of 1,802,207 adults from the Kashgar Prospective Cohort Study (KPCS). PM2.5 exposure was assessed based on satellite sensing data, meteorological factors, multi-resolution emission inventory, and measurements from ground-based surface monitors measurements. HR was measured using a calibrated electronic sphygmomanometer, and tachycardia was defined as resting heart rate (RHR) equal to or greater than 80 beats per minute. Linear regression and logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the associations of PM2.5 levels with RHR levels and tachycardia prevalence, respectively. Stratified analyses by sex, age, ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity were also performed. The mean (standard deviation) age of the study participants was 39.4 (15.5) years old. In the adjusted models, an interquartile range (8.8 µg/m3) increase in PM2.5 levels was associated with 0.515 (95% confidence interval: 0.503–0.526) bpm increase in RHR levels and with 1.062-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.059–1.064) increase in the odds of tachycardia. The results were robust against several sensitivity analyses. In addition, we observed the above associations were stronger in participants that were men, of Uyghur ethnicity, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and having physical inactivity, compared to their counterparts. In summary, our findings indicate that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 may be hazardously associated with HR, and women, Uyghur people, and those with unhealthy lifestyles may be more vulnerable to the hazardous effects.

Background and aimsThe disease burden attributable to metabolic risk factors is rapidly increasing in China, especially in older people. The objective of this study was to (i) estimate the pattern and trend of six metabolic risk factors and attributable causes in China from 1990 to 2019, (ii) ascertain its association with societal development, and (iii) compare the disease burden among the Group of 20 (G20) countries.MethodsThe main outcome measures were disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and mortality (deaths) attributable to high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG), high systolic blood pressure (HSBP), high low-density lipoprotein (HLDL) cholesterol, high body-mass index (HBMI), kidney dysfunction (KDF), and low bone mineral density (LBMD). The average annual percent change (AAPC) between 1990 and 2019 was analyzed using Joinpoint regression.ResultsFor all six metabolic risk factors, the rate of DALYs and death increased with age, accelerating for individuals older than 60 and 70 for DALYs and death, respectively. The AAPC value in rate of DALYs and death were higher in male patients than in female patients across 20 age groups. A double-peak pattern was observed for AAPC in the rate of DALYs and death, peaking at age 20–49 and at age 70–95 plus. The age-standardized rate of DALYs increased for HBMI and LBMD, decreased for HFPG, HSBP, KDF, and remained stable for HLDL from 1990 to 2019. In terms of age-standardized rate of DALYs, there was an increasing trend of neoplasms and neurological disorders attributable to HFPG; diabetes and kidney diseases, neurological disorders, sense organ diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, digestive diseases to HBMI; unintentional injuries to LBMD; and musculoskeletal disorders to KDF. Among 19 countries of Group 20, in 2019, the age-standardized rate of DALYs and death were ranked fourth to sixth for HFPG, HSBP, and HLDL, but ranked 10th to 15th for LBMD, KDF, and HBMI, despite the number of DALYs and death ranked first to second for six metabolic risk factors.ConclusionsPopulation aging continuously accelerates the metabolic risk factor driven disease burden in China. Comprehensive and tight control of metabolic risk factors before 20 and 70 may help to mitigate the increasing disease burden and achieve healthy aging, respectively.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Dose-escalation principle for adults. Supplementary Table S2. Study eligibility criteria. Supplementary Table S3. Frequency of Drug-related TEAEs. Supplementary Table S4. Summary of PK parameters (single dose). Supplementary Table S5. Summary of PK parameters (multiple dose). Supplementary Table S6. Dose-proportionality analysis – multiple-dose period. Supplementary Figure S1. Magnetic resonance images of plexiform neurofibroma (colored area) in (A) Patient 1 and (B) Patient 2 before (left) and after treatment (right).

Recent experiments have revealed multiple borophene phases of distinct lattice structures, suggesting that the unit cells of the $\nu_{1/6}$ and $\nu_{1/5}$ boron sheets, namely $\alpha$ and $\beta$ chains, serve as...

The optical properties of two small drug molecules (18 and 134) among top 200 pharmaceuticals by retails in 2020 have been systematically studied with a synergy of simulation and experiment.

High-oleic acid peanut oil (HOPO) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) have been reported previously to have an attenuating effect on metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic effect of HOPO and EVOO supplementation in attenuating MS and the role of gut microbiota in regulating the metabolic profile. Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously fed with a normal diet, high-fructose and high-fat (HFHF) diet, HFHF diet containing HOPO, or a HFHF diet containing EVOO for 12 weeks. The metabolomics profiles of feces and serum samples were compared using untargeted metabolomics based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify the potential fecal and serum biomarkers from different groups. Correlation between gut microbiota and biomarkers was assessed, and pathway analysis of serum biomarkers was conducted. Differences in metabolic patterns in feces and serum were observed among different groups. There were 8 and 12 potential biomarkers in feces and 15 and 6 potential biomarkers in serum of HOPO group and EVOO group, respectively, suggesting that HOPO and EVOO supplementation mainly altered amino acids, peptides, and their analogs in feces and serum. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) biosynthesis pathway was identified as a major pathway regulated by HOPO or EVOO. This study suggests that HOPO and EVOO supplementation ameliorate diet-induced MS, mainly via modulation of the BCAAs biosynthesis pathway.