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The recent revolution in technology has not only eased our daily activities at work and home but also introduced new threats. In their daily activities, people exchange a lot of files such as text files, images, videos, etc. that can be used for a variety of purposes. One of the most common types of files is images. These kinds of files can be used to socialize people or spread knowledge among communities. Some of the exchanged images are fake or forged which can lead to the spread of misinformation, which is dangerous. This paper tries to suggest a method for image forgery detection that is copy-move-based. This means a part of the image is used to hide or change other parts in the same image. The suggested method divides an image into several blocks. The feature vectors of the blocks are extracted using a modified Gabor filter. The extracted features are, then, reduced using the principal component analysis technique. The next step is to match the blocks and extract similar ones (duplicated blocks). The findings show that the suggested method is efficient compared to other methods in the literature in terms of detection rate and false positive detection. Also, the proposed method detected forged regions of images when having a 60% of compression rate.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas komunikasi organisasi dalam pengelolaan hutan pinus tala-tala oleh kelompok sadar wisata. jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan wawancara dengan pihak terkait. Data penelitian ini terdiri dari data sekunder yang diperoleh dengan menelah dokumen atau data serta literatur yang berkaitan dengan objek penelitian. sedangkan data primer yang diperoleh pada saat wawancara, data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif yaitu dengan menjelaskan permasalahan-permasalahan yang dibahas dalam skripsi.

The Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (OHVIRA syndrome) is a rare urogenital malformation, characterized by a blind hemivagina, a didelphic uterus, and homolateral renal agenesis, it results from a defect in the development of the muller and Wolf ducts during the embryonic period, of unknown origin, the diagnosis is most often made at puberty during the first menstruation, sometimes late, particularly for non-obstructive forms: infertility or obstetrical complications, the diagnosis is based on pelvic ultrasound especially with 3D reconstructions and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which remains the standard gold for the detection of mullerian anomalies, laparoscopy can also play a double diagnostic and prognostic role in order to study the consequences of the blood reflection (hematosalpinx, inflammatory pelvis, endometriosis. In this work we report the case of an OHVIRA syndrome diagnosed late at the age of 36 years in a multiparous woman with acute pelvic pain simulating the picture of a torsion of the adnexa, we will discuss through this case the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this uterine malformation.

ABSTRACT Laboratory analysis of blood and other body fluids plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, our research was under the title (The effect of concealing the results of laboratory analyzes on judgments of “sterility as a model” - a medical jurisprudential study-), and the medical analysis specialist currently occupies senior positions in clinical medical laboratories, .The medical laboratory specialist is a health professional with experience in medical laboratories and is responsible for Giving accurate and logical information for laboratory experiments and analyzes that help in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as monitoring the general condition of the patient. We can see the impact of the future of advanced medical tests and its role in diagnosing health problems such as cancer resulting from birth defects, infertility cases and other diseases. Infertility is one of the biggest problems facing couples, especially in our Arab society, which the husband strongly desires to have children as well as the wife. The research included an introduction, four sections, and a conclusion, as for the first topic: a historical overview of medical laboratories, the second: the definition and legitimacy of laboratory analyzes, and the third: the importance of laboratory analyzes, and concealment and disclosure of medical secrets, fourth: practical issues in the effect of concealing the results of laboratory analyzes in Judgments, then conclusion: it included the most important results that it reached.

Objectives Malignant effusion is usually caused by metastatic carcinoma. Malignant lymphoma is often not included as a top differential diagnosis of malignant effusion. Here, we describe 3 cases of young female patients with no significant past medical history who presented with fluid overload and were diagnosed with high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL). Methods We conducted histopathologic examination and immunophenotypic and cytogenetic analyses on three cases using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and karyotyping. We also included patients’ clinical and radiological findings in our case reports. Results Histologic examination of the effusion samples showed numerous intermediate to large lymphoma cells with irregular nuclear contours and fine chromatin. The lymphoma cells were positive for CD10, CD20, BCL2, BCL6, and PAX5 and negative for CD34, cyclin D1, HHV-8, and TdT. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–encoded small RNAs was negative. The proliferation index by Ki-67 stain was more than 80%. Flow cytometry showed CD10-positive B cells with monotypic immunoglobulin light chain expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated MYC, BCL2, or BCL6 rearrangements. These 3 patients were diagnosed as having HGBL with double-/triple-hit rearrangements. Despite receiving aggressive chemotherapy, all 3 patients had a dismal clinical course, with 2 patients dying less than 2 years after initial diagnosis. Conclusions High-grade B-cell lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnoses of malignant effusions. Flow cytometric and FISH analyses of the body fluid specimens are essential to reach an accurate and timely diagnosis.

Electric vehicles are becoming prominent nowadays and playing an important role in the transportation sector as conventional vehicles affect the environment. The rising number of vehicles requires increasing the charging stations, which affects the distribution network if placed randomly. Therefore, selecting the optimal place for these charging stations is very important to mitigate the effect on the distribution system. This paper presents a decision-making method to select the location of the charging station in a radial distribution system optimally. The fixed point algorithm was used for the analysis of load flow. The analysis was carried outand tested on the 33 bus IEEE and a real case study in Iraq was used for the study. The result of the charging station placement is compared with other research and showed its efficiency in work. The analysis showed the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing the effect of charging stations on voltages and losses under different conditions. References 27, Figures 10, Tables 6.

Many researches dealt with PMMA dental base material and the development of its properties to reach a longer life span for implants and fillings. The current work pay attention to examine the loading amount of hybrid nanoparticles, SiC and TiO2, and find out how it affects the mechanical and tribological properties. Hybrid NPs were dispersed on PMMA resin with filler amount of 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2.0 wt.%, 50/50 between SiC and TiO2 NPs. The mechanical properties were evaluated by determining the hardness, Shore D, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity. While the tribological performance was assessed via examining the COF, wear rate and scanning the worn surfaces using optical and SEM images. The results can be indicated that the PMMA resin exhibits a good reaction bonding with low loading amount of the hybrid NPs. Moreover, the high loading content had a negative effect on the mechanical and tribological properties. Subsequently, the loading content of 0.8 wt.% of SiC/TiO2 NPs indicates that it has the best performance comparing with the pure PMMA.

The experiment was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University , the study aimed to measure the effect of the mixing ratio of vegetable oils and heat treatment on some of the chemical properties ,Three mixing ratios were identified. The sunflower oils, Rice Brane, flax, and sesame were used , than mixing process were made with sunflower oil being the main oil, and the remaining oils were added separately, at rates of 15%, 30% and 45%. The heat factor was used as a second factor for the experiment, and the values of the chemical properties of the oils were read at room temperature (RT) and at 150 ° C for 1 hour . The effect of these factors was observed on the values of acidity number, free fatty acids, iodine number, peroxide number, saponification number of studied oils and their mixtures. The highest pH value of sesame oil was 1.56 mg KOH / gm, while the lowest value was 0.262 mg KOH / gm in the sample of the Rice bran, while the free fatty acids had the highest value in the sesame oil sample, it reached 0.784% and the lowest was in the rice bran sample It reached 0.132%, and the iodine number treatment reached the highest values In the sample of flax oil, which amounted to 190 and the lowest in the sample, 15% flax oil + 85% sunflower oil reached 64, and the characteristic of peroxide number was also recorded significant differences between the values and recorded the highest value in the treatment 30% flax oil + 70% flower oil Sun reached 1.44 O2 / Kg and the lowest recorded for treatment is 30% Rice bran + 70% sunflower oil and it reached 0.93 O2 / Kg. We also note that the value of saponification number recorded its highest value in the treatment of flax oil and reached 194 mg KoH / g. As for the lowest value it was recorded In the treatment of 15% rice bran oil + 85% sunflower oil and reached 101 mg KoH / g, the heating processes led to significant changes in the values.

Postcardiac surgery, numerous factors have been shown to predict postoperative harm of QoL, such as age, female sex, history of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, education level, marital status, and also psychological factors such as the presence of mood disorders. So, the essential key to self-management is behavioural change, which is necessary to improve the quality of life of patients and Health outcomes.The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the education programme on patients' health outcomes following open heart surgeries.Quasi-experimental research design carried out in intensive care for open heart surgery in Suez Canal university hospitals at Ismailia Governate on all available both sex patients performing open heart surgery for 6-month period (60) using the following four tools: the first tool for patient's risk stratification model Euro Scale sheet; the second tool New York Heart Association scale for assessing functional abilities; the third tool for health outcomes sheet for assessing patient's quality of life and health status; and the fourth tool for assessing Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.There was no significant difference found in the patient's vital signs before and after the educational programme. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between overall quality of life and socio-demographic characteristics before and after the educational programme.This study concluded that the educational programme has a positive effect on patients' quality of life in patients' educational programme; improve patient's health status as indicated by improved patient outcomes.The most important finding was the value of the educational training programme to address the needs of open heart surgery patients, indicating that after heart surgery, patient education by training can be helpful in self-care, and nurses can use a programme containing preparatory information to enhance results, alleviate patients problems, and improve the quality of life in patients with CABG.

We propose a simple and low-cost flow-through electrode for electrochemical cells used for instance in capacitive desalination. We have coated macro-porous carbon fiber papers with various loads of carbon microporous particles to combine both a high surface area and an open structure for good fluid dynamics. In this first study, we restrict our investigation to the charging/discharging behavior, the identification of side reactions, and the effect of geometry on the diffusion of ions. The electrochemical performance was first investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge–discharge techniques. The specific capacitance increases by three orders of magnitude upon adding the carbon particles. Then, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed the presence of charge transfer phenomena and modification in the mass transport by the diffusion process for the coated electrode. Graphical abstract SEM image of the surface morphology of the cross section of CP/CFP/CP structure of the flow-through electrode.

A Conspectus of Strategies Towards Sustainable Floral Resources in the Context of Environmental and Socio-Economic Stability

Objectives of this work were directed towards the study of suitability of Sudanese liquid bovine whey for production of whey powder and to establish the effects of different drying methods on products qualities and nutritional value stability. The drying operation includes concentration and dehydration of liquid whey. Different types of whey were used (sweet and sour whey) and different techniques were used (spray dryer and traditional methods). The drying techniques and type of whey affect chemical composition of sweet and sour whey powder(WP) , the dry sweet samples produced by traditional methods had higher values in moisture, fat and protein content. The drying techniques and types of whey affect physiochemical properties of sweet and sour WP, the sweet WP produces by both types of drying methods were higher in pH and TSS however acid WP produces by both types of drying methods were higher in acidity than that sweet WP. Generally acid whey produces by both types of drying methods were higher in mineral content. The drying techniques and types of whey affect nutritional value of WP, the sweet WP produces by spry dryer were found to be higher in calories 384.05 Kcal.

Nursing competence is a life-threatening factor that is directly related to improved and positive patient consequences. A main intention in Benner’s from beginner to expert model, competence is a continuous procedure of getting information, practice, and experience. Aim: Explore the medication experience among new graduate nurse's based on Benner's model of clinical competency at Qassim University, king Saudi Arabia. Subject and methods: A descriptive exploratory research design on 104 graduates nurses from Qassim university. One tool is divided into two main parts; demographic data, and Medication's competency and experience assessment sheet . Results: There are nearly two-third of graduate's nurses (72.1%) have a high level of medications experience competency. There are a statistically significant relation was found between graduate's medications experience with their socio-demographic characteristics except in the item related to position of their graduate's or internship. There are a statistically significant relation was found between graduate's nurses medications experience with their competency level in all items as they assigned to drug calculation before administered drugs , experience administration of hazard medications ps=(0.001) except the item related they faced drug injury during their work Ps= (0.342) . Conclusion &recommendations: half of graduates strongly agree on that nurse mentors have had an important role in their learning of medication administrations. Additionally, there are nearly two-third of graduate's nurses have a high level of medications experience competency. However , there are a statistically significant relation was found between graduate's medications experience with their socio-demographic characteristics except in the item related to position of their graduate's or internship. Additionally , there are a statistically significant relation was found between graduate's nurses medications experience with their competency level in all items as they assigned to drug calculation before administered drugs , experience administration of hazard medications except the item related they faced drug injury during their work . Graduates nurses need for receive regular; periodic in-service program contains methods of drug calculation and how to prevent medication errors. Further studies are needed to study the factors that influence graduate's nurses' medication competency.

ACTINOMYCOSIS is a rare chronic granulomatous disease caused by anaerobic filamentous gram-positive bacteria, the most common of which is Actinomyces israelii. Actinomycetes are commensal inhabitants of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, but they may become pathogenic through invasion of breached or necrotic tissue. Pelviabdominal ACTINOMYCOSIS is uncommon and can mimic a variety of disease processes, including abdominal mass mimicking malignancy, acute abdomen, asthenia, and weight loss. We describe a 38-year-old woman who presented with acute abdominal pain and tenderness, as well as constitutional manifestations and elevated inflammatory markers. On initial computerized tomography (CT) and MRI, a large fluid collection underlining the anterior abdominal wall at the false pelvic cavity, as well as parietal peritoneal enhancement and smudging of the mesenteric fat and a bulky fibroid uterus with an implanted IUD, were identified. The ultrasound guided aspiration and anaerobic culture revealed positive growth for Actinomyces bacteria. An exploratory laparoscopy revealed extensive adhesions between the abdominal wall and the small intestine, as well as hyperemic and thickened peritoneum, and peritoneal biopsy confirmed ACTINOMYCOSIS. After the diagnosis was established, the IUD was removed and the patient was given Ceftriaxone 2 gm once daily for 6 weeks before switching to oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for another 3 months. A significant regression of the suprapubic fluid collection, and peritoneal-mesenteric changes were confirmed on follow-up. The case is discussed, and the relevant literature reviewed and analyzed.

BACKGROUND: The cervical spine is the most mobile part of the spine in the sagittal plane. It is important for surgeons to have reliable, simple, and reproducible parameters to analyze the cervical spine pre-operative and post-operative. Despite anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common procedure, adjacent segment failure after surgery is an ongoing clinical concern; adjacent segment disease (ASD) occurs in approximately 3% of patients per year, with an expected incidence of 25% within the first 10 years following fusion. It has been suggested that the increased stress placed on adjacent segments after successful ACDF may increase the rate of symptomatic disc disease at those segments, so our study focuses on how to evaluate ASD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray. METHODS: The retrospective study conducted on 72 patients in the department of neurosurgery at Kasr Al-Ainy hospitals to evaluate ASD after ACDF for degenerative cervical spondylosis using pre-operative and post-operative cervical spine X-ray lateral view as well as MRI for cervical spine after 2 years from the date of surgery. RESULTS: Among the 72 patients in our study, the follow-up MRI after 2 years showed new pathology in 14 patients (19.4%) while 58 patients (80.6%) showed no new pathology; also 20 patients (27.8%) presented with new complaints while 52 patients (72.2%) had no new complaints and only 3 patients (4.16%) were scheduled for surgery. CONCLUSION: ASD is an ongoing process of degeneration that could be accelerated by ACDF procedures, but not every adjacent segment degeneration or symptomatic disease requires additional surgery. Cervical mal-alignment greatly affects the neck pain rather than development of other new neurological manifestations and plays a role in adjacent segment failure which should be considered during cervical fusion surgeries. ASD must be differentiated from adjacent segment degeneration using clinical examination and imaging to help in patients’ follow-up and decision-making of further intervention.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are relatively new porous materials that have attracted significant attention in recent decades. Potential applications in gas storage and separation have been at the forefront of this research. Their biomedical applications have also received attention; however, significant work is needed to expand the field. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to expand our understanding on the biomedical applications of novel MOFs. Chapter 1 provides an introduction into metal-organic frameworks, their properties and applications. It also provides a literature review on the biomedical applications of MOFs, with a particular focus on their drug delivery and MRI applications. Chapter 2 is a published review on the synthesis and biomedical applications of highly porous MOFs. The review defines a highly porous MOF as any MOF with a surface area above 4000 m2 g-1 . Synthetic approaches to highly porous MOFs are classified and discussed in detail. Challenges such as interpenetration and methods of overcoming them are also discussed. The biomedical applications of highly porous MOFs are classified. Highly porous MOFs are unique as their high pore volume allows for the encapsulation of large guest biomolecules such as protein, enzymes, genetic material etc. The ability of the frameworks to load such biomolecules lends to applications in protein crystallisation, biocatalysis and gene therapy. This work has been published in Molecules. 2022; 27(19):6585. Chapter 3 discusses the synthesis of a novel Zn2+ MOF, NUIG4. NUIG4 is a rare example of four-fold interpenetrated pcu MOF. The framework is composed of an octahedral [Zn4O(COO)6] secondary building unit and a linear ditopic 4-((4-carboxybenzylidene)amino)benzoic acid (CBABH2) linker. The structure of the framework was determine by single crystal X-ray diffraction. NUIG4 shows an exceptionally high loading of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) 1955 mg DOX g-1 . A combination of DFT calculations and solid-state NMR studies indicated the loading is driven by aromatic π–π stacking interactions between DOX and the framework. DOX release from the framework is pH controlled, with substantially more DOX release under acidic conditions. Cytocompatibility studies on human dermal fibroblast cells indicated the framework and linker are both biocompatible. The gas separation potential of the framework was evaluated using individual component adsorption isotherms. NUIG4 displays a rare “inverse selectivity” for C2H2 over CO2. This work was published in J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022,10, 1378-1385. Chapter 4 Discusses the synthesis and characterisation of multivariate (MTV) NUIG4 MOFs. Attempts were made to synthesise nitrated, fluorinated, pyridyl, naphthyl, methylated and hydroxylated analogues of NUIG4. Of these functional groups, only methyl and hydroxyl functionality could be introduced into the framework, at various different ratios, when used in combination with the original CBABH2 linker. Frameworks were also isolated with the CBABH2-OH and CBABH2-CH3 linkers exclusively. The methylated framework and the MTV-NUIG4 frameworks shared the same structure with the parent MOF. There was an observed decrease in framework crystallinity as the degree of functionality increased. The Dox uptake and release of the MTV-NUIG4 MOFs was studied, providing an insight into the effects of functionality on uptake capacity and release. Chapter 5 discusses the synthesis of a family of Ln3+ (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy) MOFs based on the biocompatible CBABH2 linker. The frameworks are isostructural, featuring rhombic channel-type pores. The Gd analogue (NUIG5-Gd) was loaded with the anti-epilepsy drug carbazmazepine (CBZ) at a loading of 11.6 wt%. The loading occurred in two steps, indicative of the breathing effect. CBZ release takes three days in water and twelve hours in PBS solution. As NUIG5-Gd contains a large number of Gd3+ ions, its potential as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent was explored. Firstly, the framework was nanosized by treatment with polyvinylpyrrolidone, followed by ultrasonication. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements indicated a mean particle size of 229 nm. The relaxivity of the nanoparticles (nano-NUIG5-Gd) was calculated from concentration dependent proton relaxation rates. Nano-NUIG5-Gd displays a longitudinal relaxivity of 9.7 mM-1 s-1 per Gd3+, marginally greater than those of commercial Gd3+ MRI contrast agents. Cytotoxicity studies on nano-NUIG5-Gd indicate the framework is biocompatible, with a cell viability >70% at a concentrations as high as 1 mg mL-1 . Chapter 6 discusses the design and synthesis of novel MOFs for the treatment of tuberculosis. A prodrug linker 4,4’-azodisalicylic acid (AZDH4) was synthesised and combined with divalent metal ions (Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+) yielding a family of isostructural MOFs (M2(AZD)). The AZDH4 linker is a prodrug, whose metabolic product is para-aminosalicylic acid (ASA), an antitubercular drug. The M2(AZD) frameworks share a topology with the well-studied IRMOF-74 family, featuring 1-dimensional hexagonal channel-type pores. The rate of linker release was studied in water and PBS solution. The frameworks show differing rates of AZD4- in deionised water and PBS solution. The rate of AZD4- release was correlated with metal hardness, with Mg2(AZD) showing a faster release rate than the other frameworks. In order to investigate their dual drug delivery potential, we attempted to load the frameworks with the antitubercular antibiotic isoniazid (INH). Zn2(AZD) and Mg2(AZD) loaded INH at loadings of 4 and 22 wt% respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of the frameworks. This was carried out on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The frameworks showed no inhibitory effects, this may be due specificity of INH and ASA, as they are used almost exclusively to treat tuberculosis. Interestingly the only framework to show an inhibitory effect is Co2(AZD) likely due to the high toxicity of Co2+ ions towards bacteria. 2025-07-07

In today's industrial power converters, converter reliability is essential, and converter topologies are well-established. Without a doubt, the power electronic industry continues to seek efficient power delivery and high power density. Resonant converters, especially LLC converters, have been intensively studied and applied in DC-DC converters. One of the most demanding applications for LLC converters is data centers. To date, LLC Resonant converters, are deployed in many applications for improved efficiency, density, and reliability. With the introduction of WBG devices coupled with the soft switching feature, the switching frequency can be extended beyond Mega-Hertz. With the significant increase in operating frequency, complicated magnetic components can be broken down into a cellular structure, each with a few number of turns. They can be easily implemented using 4-6 layers of PCB windings. Moreover, integrating the cellular cores using flux cancellation can further improve the power density. The proposed integrated magnetics can be automated in the manufacturing process. The magnetic size is reduced at this frequency, and planar magnetics using PCB winding become more relevant. PCB magnetics feature multiple advantages over Litz wire. The benefits are summarized as follows: The labor-intensive manufacturing process can be automated, thus reduction of cost. There is much reduced CM noise by using the shield layer. They have parasitics with much-improved reproducibility in large quantities. PCB windings feature less leakage between transformer windings because of the flexibility of the winding interleaving and the reduced number of turns. There is better thermal management due to the increased surface-to-body ratio. The design has a low profile and high-power density. However, it is not without its own limitations. There are challenges for high frequency PCB-magnetic magnetic design for the LLC converter. Firstly, With the recently developed high frequency core material, a phenomenon referred to as the dimensional resonant is observed. The effects of dimensional resonance were discussed in the literature when using an unusually large core structure; however, it can be observed more frequently under high excitation frequency, particularly with integrated magnetics. This dissertation discusses the dimensional effects of core loss on a PCB-based magnetics structure. A case study is presented on a 3-kW 400-to-48-V LLC prototype running at 1 MHz. The converter utilizes a low-profile matrix of two integrated transformers with a rectangular and thin cross-section area for reduced core loss. Specific solutions are presented. % Secondly, The matrix transformer is suitable for an LLC converter with high output current. However, the matrix transformer also increases the core size and core losses. The core loss degrades the LLC converter's light load and peak efficiency. In this dissertation, We discuss the design process and implementation of the DC-DC stage of the power supply unit for narrow range 48 V data center bus architecture. The optimization takes into account the number of elemental transformers, number of transformer turns, switching frequency, and transformer dimensions, namely winding width and core cross-section area. The optimization process results in a nearly 99% efficient 400-to-48-V LLC with a very high-power density and low profile fully integrated on PCB. A matrix of four transformers is used to reduce the termination loss of the secondary synchronous rectifier and achieve better thermal management. The number of secondary turns is optimized to achieve the best trade-off between winding loss, core loss, and power density. Another challenge arises for magnetic integration when multiple magnetic components with different characteristics come together. For instance, in the case of a transformer and an inductor on the same PCB. The PCB transformer is designed with perfectly interleaved primary and secondary layers to utilize the full PCB layer thickness. As a rule of thumb, the transformer winding layer is designed within 1 to 2 times the skin depth. On the other hand, the inductor's winding lacks interleaving and suffers from high MMF stress on layers. This makes the inductor prone to high eddy currents and eddy loss. Furthermore, this dissertation addresses the challenges associated with the high winding and core loss in the Integrated Transformer-Inductor (ITL). To overcome these challenges, we propose an improved winding design of the ITL by utilizing idle shielding layers for inductor integration within the matrix transformer. This method offers full printed circuit board (PCB) utilization, where all layers are consumed as winding, resulting in a significant reduction in the winding loss of the ITL. Moreover, we propose an improved core structure of the ITL that offers better flux distribution of the leakage flux within the magnetic core. This method reduces the core loss by more than 50% compared to the conventional core structure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed concepts by presenting the design of the ITL used in a high-efficiency, high-power-density 3-kW 400-to-48-V LLC module. The proposed converter achieves a peak efficiency of 98.7% and a power density of 1500 W/in3. This dissertation presents the concept of matrix inductors to solve such problems. A matrix of four resonant inductors is also designed to reduce the proximity effect between inductor windings and reduce inductor PCB winding loss. The matrix inductor provides a solution for high thermal stress in PCB-based inductors and reduces the inter-winding capacitance between inductor layers. This dissertation solves the challenges in magnetic design in high-frequency DC-DC converters in offline power supplies and data centers. This includes the transformer and inductor of the LLC converter. With the academic contribution in this dissertation, Wide-bandgap devices WBG can be successfully utilized in high-frequency DC-DC converters with Mega-Hertz switching frequency to achieve high efficiency, high power density, and automated manufacturing. The cost will be reduced, and the performance will be improved significantly. Doctor of Philosophy Industrial power converters need to be reliable and efficient to meet the power industry's demand for efficient power delivery and high power density. Research should focus on improving existing converter designs to improve fabrication, efficiency, and reliability. Resonant converters have been found to be effective in power conversion, especially in data centers where energy consumption is high. Three-element Resonant converters (LLC) are already used to improve efficiency, density, and reliability. By using Wide Bandgap devices and soft switching, the switching frequency can be extended beyond MHz, simplifying magnetic components and improving power density. The proposed integrated magnetics can be automated during the manufacturing process, further improving power density. At higher frequencies, planar magnetic components made with PCB winding are more effective than Litz wire. They are cheaper to make because of automation, have less common-mode noise, and are more reproducible in large quantities. PCB winding also has a low profile, high-power density, and better thermal management. However, it is not without its own limitations. There are challenges for high frequency PCB-magnetic magnetic design for the LLC converter. Firstly, With the recently developed high frequency core material, a phenomenon referred to as the dimensional resonant is observed. The effects of dimensional resonance were discussed in the literature when using an unusually large core structure; however, it can be observed more frequently under high excitation frequency, particularly with integrated magnetics. This dissertation discusses the effects of core loss on a PCB-based magnetics structure and presents solutions, including a case study on a 3-kW 400-to-48 V LLC prototype running at 1 MHz. Another challenge arises for magnetic integration when multiple magnetic components with different characteristics come together. For instance, in the case of a transformer and an inductor on the same PCB. The PCB transformer is designed with perfectly interleaved winding and low Ohmic loss. On the other hand, the inductor's winding lacks interleaving and suffers from a high proximity field. This makes the inductor prone to high eddy currents and eddy loss. This dissertation presents the concept of matrix inductors to solve such problems. A matrix of four resonant inductors is also designed to reduce the proximity effect between inductor windings and reduce inductor PCB winding loss. The matrix inductor provides a solution for high thermal stress in PCB-based inductors and reduces the inter-winding capacitance between inductor layers. Furthermore, this dissertation addresses the challenges associated with the high winding and core loss in the Integrated Transformer-Inductor (ITL). To overcome these challenges, we propose an improved winding design of the ITL by utilizing idle shielding layers for inductor integration within the matrix transformer. This method offers full printed circuit board (PCB) utilization, where all layers are consumed as winding, resulting in a significant reduction in the winding loss of the ITL. Moreover, we propose an improved core structure of the ITL that reduces the core loss by more than 50% compared to the conventional core structure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed concepts on a high-efficiency, high-power-density 3-kW 400-to-48-V LLC module. The proposed converter achieves a peak efficiency of 98.7% and a power density of 1500 W/in3. This dissertation solves the challenges in magnetic design in high-frequency DC-DC converters in offline power supplies and data centers. This includes the transformer and inductor of the LLC converter. With the academic contribution in this dissertation, Wide-bandgap devices WBG can be successfully utilized in high-frequency DC-DC converters with Mega-Hertz switching frequency to achieve high efficiency, high power density, and automated manufacturing. The cost will be reduced, and the performance will be improved significantly.

Background: Intractable bleeding after cardiac surgery is a well-documented complication. When conservative measures fail to control bleeding, re-exploration is required, and, in some cases, chest packing may be needed. Methods: The study included 148 patients admitted to eight cardiac surgery centers in Egypt with severe postoperative bleeding. All patients underwent chest re-exploration and chest packing to control postoperative bleeding. Results: The mean age was 62.7 ± 5.6 years. Their mean BMI was 27.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2. One-hundred-ten (74.3%) of included patients were hypertensive, while 49 (33.1%) patients were diabetic. Twenty-seven (18.2%) patients had initially had a triple valve replacement. Sepsis was prevalent among 31 (20.9%) of included patients. Twenty (13.5%) patients died. Conclusion: Intractable bleeding is a well-documented complication following cardiac surgery. Chest re-exploration is required in certain situations when the traditional conservative options fail to stop bleeding. Chest packing is a modality that can be considered to control bleeding in certain situations.

Usability denotes approaches for refining the ease-of-use application design. Online free classified shopping websites "daraz.pk" and "Homeshopping.pk" were most often used and top five online stores in Pakistan. It is important for the realization of online business is that the structure of online shopping websites should be effective and efficient. The study aimed to compare the usability level of both shopping websites in the form of Efficiency, Satisfaction and Effectiveness. It was found that e-commerce websites with higher usability have a more re-accessed probability. Two different evaluation methods were used: User testing and quick and dirty. Total 10 users were used in this study and participated in filling out the questionnaires for satisfaction using the quick and dirty method. Then eight users were randomly taken to check both websites' efficiency and effectiveness using user testing. This user testing of daraz.pk and Homeshopping.pk established that daraz.pk has greater efficiency compared to Homeshopping.pk, but Homeshopping.pk has higher usability in terms of effectiveness.

The data is growing daily due to the revolution in Information Technology, and the data size is much bigger than traditional data. Big data is the combination of data sets which is huge and diverse. Big data has multifaceted characteristics like Volume, Variety, Veracity, Velocity and Value (5Vs). Due to these characteristics and versatility, many issues and challenges occur in data retrieving and manipulation. The data management and processing issues are also facing data analysts and researchers. The existing traditional tools and algorithms are not capable of resolving these issues. In this survey paper, we will provide the current issues and challenges in the field of big data and discuss in detail the big data tools (Hadoop, Apache Spark) to use in different applications to serve the end users.