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1. Pathogenic Variants in ABHD16A Cause a Novel Psychomotor Developmental Disorder With Spastic Paraplegia

Author

Yahia, Ashraf, Elsayed, Liena, Valter, Remi, Hamed, Ahlam, Mohammed, Inaam, Elseed, Maha, Salih, Mustafa, Esteves, Typhaine, Auger, Nicolas, Abubaker, Rayan, Koko, Mahmoud, Abozar, Fatima, Malik, Hiba, Adil, Rawaa, Emad, Sara, Musallam, Mhammed Alhassan, Idris, Razaz, Eltazi, Isra, Babai, Arwa, Ahmed, Elhami, Abd Allah, Amal, Mairey, Mathilde, Ahmed, Ahmed, Elbashir, Mustafa, Brice, Alexis, Ibrahim, Muntaser, Ahmed, Ammar, Lamari, Foudil, Stevanin, Giovanni, University of Khartoum, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research [Tubingen], University of Tübingen, Letterkenny Institute of Technology (LYIT), Osaka University [Osaka], Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Centre de Génétique moléculaire et chromosomique [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Letterkenny Institute of Technology

Subjects
phosphatidylserine, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Neurology, targeted-metabolomics, lipid metabolism, next-generation sequencing, ABHD16A, hereditary spastic paraplegia, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Original Research
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological entity that includes more than 80 disorders which share lower limb spasticity as a common feature. Abnormalities in multiple cellular processes are implicated in their pathogenesis, including lipid metabolism; but still 40% of the patients are undiagnosed. Our goal was to identify the disease-causing variants in Sudanese families excluded for known genetic causes and describe a novel clinico-genetic entity.Methods: We studied four patients from two unrelated consanguineous Sudanese families who manifested a neurological phenotype characterized by spasticity, psychomotor developmental delay and/or regression, and intellectual impairment. We applied next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and Sanger sequencing to identify the genetic culprit. We then explored the consequences of the identified variants in patients-derived fibroblasts using targeted-lipidomics strategies.Results and Discussion: Two homozygous variants in ABHD16A segregated with the disease in the two studied families. ABHD16A encodes the main brain phosphatidylserine hydrolase. In vitro, we confirmed that ABHD16A loss of function reduces the levels of certain long-chain lysophosphatidylserine species while increases the levels of multiple phosphatidylserine species in patient's fibroblasts.Conclusion: ABHD16A loss of function is implicated in the pathogenesis of a novel form of complex hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Published
2021

2. Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation in the ARG1 Gene in a Large Sudanese Family

Author

Elsayed, Liena, Mohammed, Inaam, Hamed, Ahlam, Elseed, Maha, Salih, Mustafa, Yahia, Ashraf, Abubaker, Rayan, Koko, Mahmoud, Abd Allah, Amal, Elbashir, Mustafa, Ibrahim, Muntaser, Brice, Alexis, Ahmed, Ammar, Stevanin, Giovanni, University of Khartoum, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research [Tubingen], University of Tübingen, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Sudan, spastic quadriplegia, Neurology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], hyperargininemia, Case Report, ARG1 gene, whole exome sequencing
Abstract

International audience; Background: Arginases catalyze the last step in the urea cycle. Hyperargininemia, a rare autosomal-recessive disorder of the urea cycle, presents after the first year of age with regression of milestones and evolves gradually into progressive spastic quadriplegia and cognitive dysfunction. Genetic studies reported various mutations in the ARG1 gene that resulted in hyperargininemia due to a complete or partial loss of arginase activity. Case Presentation: Five patients from an extended highly consanguineous Sudanese family presented with regression of the acquired milestones, spastic quadriplegia, and mental retardation. The disease onset ranged from 1 to 3 years of age. Two patients had epileptic seizures and one patient had stereotypic clapping. Genetic testing using whole-exome sequencing, done for the patients and a healthy parent, confirmed the presence of a homozygous novel missense variant in the ARG1 gene [GRCh37 (NM_001244438.1): exon 4: g.131902487T>A, c.458T>A, p.(Val153Glu)]. The variant was predicted pathogenic by five algorithms and affected a highly conserved amino acid located in the protein domain ureohydrolase, arginase subgroup. Sanger sequencing of 13 sampled family members revealed complete co-segregation between the variant and the disease distribution in the family in line with an autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance. Biochemical analysis confirmed hyperargininemia in five patients. Conclusion: This study reports the first Sudanese family with ARG1 mutation. The reported variant is a loss-of-function missense mutation. Its pathogenicity is strongly supported by the clinical phenotype, the computational functional impact prediction, the complete co-segregation with the disease, and the biochemical assessment.

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