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AIM: To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of Ferrara rings in keratoconus using an optimized nomogram developed after several years of research and retrospective analysis of clinical data. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal non-comparative clinical trial evaluated 88 eyes of 88 patients (age 1862y) with keratoconus diagnosis from two Spanish centers. Ferrara ring segment (AJL Ophthalmic) implantation was performed in all cases, using the mechanical procedure in 25 eyes (28.4%) and a femtosecond laser-assisted procedure in 63 eyes (71.6%). The ring segments implanted in each case were selected using a new optimized nomogram that considered variables such as anterior corneal asphericity and astigmatism or the discrepancy among astigmatism and coma orientations. Visual, refractive, corneal topographic, aberrometric, and pachymetric changes after surgery were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: The implants induced a significant refractive change as well as an improvement in uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA; P< 0.001). Postoperative CDVA of 0.10 logMAR or better was achieved in 28.4% and 46.5% of eyes, respectively. Two eyes (2.3%) lost two or more lines of CDVA whereas a total of 53.5% of eyes gained lines of CDVA. A significant central anterior and posterior corneal flattening was induced (P=0.003), with a significant reduction of anterior (P

Objectives:This study aims to present our clinical results obtained in arthroscopic limited intercarpal fusion performed with use of bone graft in patients with Kienb?ck?s disease. Patients and methods:The study included 16 patients with Kienb?ck?s disease (9 males, 7 females; mean age 28.9 years; range 14 to 51 years) who were performed arthroscopic scaphocapitatefusion with or without lunate excision between January 2016 and may 2018. Bain and Begg Arthroscopic Classification was used for the staging of Kienb?ck?sdisease. Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Mayo Wrist scorings were used for clinical evaluation Our inclusion criteria were skeletally mature patients with ulnar side wrist pain and failure of trial conservative treatment. Our exclusion criteria were skeletally immature patients, active infection of the wrist joint, pan arthritis involving all or most compartments of the wrist and rapidly progressive inflammatory arthritis at proliferative stage e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis. Results:Intercarpal fusion was achieved in approximately 6.5weeks. There was a statistically significant difference in pre- and postoperative Mayo Wrist scores and pre- and postoperative Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores. There was no postoperative complication. Conclusion:According to our study findings, arthroscopic limited intercarpal fusion with bone graft and without lunate excision may be performed in patients with Kienb?ck?s disease. Satisfactory clinical and functional results were obtained as a result of treatment with this method in stage 3 and 4 Kienb?ck?s disease.