Search

This study aimed optimizes the inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) conditions for the determination of macro and microelements in the flowers and leaves of Trifolium species. After the optimization of instrumental parameters, plasma robustness was achieved under the following conditions: RF power 1350 W, nebulizer flow rate 0.5 L min−1, coolant gas flow rate 12 L min−1, auxiliary gas flow rate 0.5 L min−1, flush pump rate 100 rpm, analysis pump rate 50 rpm, sample flow 0.5 mL min−1, and sample uptake delay 30 s. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were lower than literature values. The most abundant microelement in leaves is Ca, followed by K, Mg, P, and Na, and in flowers was K, followed by Ca, P, Mg, and Na. The average contents of microelements decreased in the orders S > Fe > Si > Al > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr > As > Cd for flowers and S > Fe > Si > Mn > Al > Zn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr > As > Cd for leaves. Chemometrics were used for grouping samples based upon the elemental contents.

Ispitati da li se razlikuju ishodi vantelesne oplodnje zavisno od vrste korišćenog inkubatora, vrste medijuma i njihovih kombinacija u toku postupka vantelesne oplodnje. Ispitati da li se razlikuju telesne mase novorođenčadi zavisno od korišćenog inkubatora, vrste medijuma i njihovih kombinacija u toku postupka vantelesnog oplođenja. Ukoliko se pokaže značajnost razlike u telesnoj masi novorođenčadi i u ishodima vantelesne oplodnje u odnosu na korišćene medijume i inkubatore, ispitati koji medijumi, inkubatori ili koja njihova kombinacija daje najbolji ishod VTO i optimalnu telesnu masu novorođenčadi. Metodologija: u ovu studiju su bile uključene sve pacijentkinje lečene na Odeljenju za arteficijelne reproduktivne tehnologije (ART) Ginekološko-akušerske klinike “Narodni front” u okviru Nacionalnog programa vantelesne oplodnje u vremenskom periodu od devet godina. Studija je obuhvatila ukupno 2617 ciklusa vantelesne oplodnje, od kojih je kod 74 pacijentkinje obustavljena terapija zbog neadekvatnog odgovora na stimulaciju, kod 16 pacijentkina aspiracijom nisu dobijene jajne ćelije, 8 pacijentkina je imalo neupotrebljive jajne ćelije za oplodnju, a 21 muškarac nije dao uzorak sperme. Tako da je analizirano 2498 ciklusa vantelesnog oplođenja. Na osnovu vrste inkubatora i korišćenog medijuma pacijentkinje su podeljene u tri grupe. Prva grupa ispitivanih pacjentkinja u čijoj procedure su korišćeni Cook medijumi i Heracell inkubator (N=1134). Druga grupa ispitivanih pacjentkinja u čijoj proceduri su korišćeni Medicult medijumi i Heracell inkubator (N=697). Treća grupa ispitivanih pacjentkinja u čijoj proceduri su korišćeni Cook medijumi i K-Minc (Cook) inkubatori (N=667). Analizirani su sledeći podaci o pacijentkinjama: godine života, BMI, pušački status, etiologija infertiliteta, broj prethodno uradjenih vantelesnih oplodnji. Analizirani su sledeći podaci vazani za postupak VTO: vrste protokola stimulacije, ukupna količina datih gonadotropina, dužina stimulacije, serumske vrednosti estradiola na dan završne injekcije, broj dobijenih jajnih ćelija, procenat oplodjenih jajnih ćelija, ukupan broj embriona, broj visoko kvalitetnih embriona, broj transferisanih embriona, dan embrio transfera... To assess the effect of incubator and media type and their combinations on outcomes following in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. More specifically, we aim to determine whether newborn birth weight following assisted human conception is affected by different combinations of incubator and media type. Finally, if a significant difference in birthweight and IVF outcomes is revealed depending on incubator and medium used, we aim to determine which incubator/medium combination provides the most optimal IVF outcomes, including newborn birthweight. Methodology: This study initially included all patients treated at the Department of Artificial Reproductive Technologies (ART), Gynecology-Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni Front”, who took part in the National program for artificial conception, within a timeframe of nine years. Primarily, the study included a total of 2617 IVF cycles, while the following cases were excluded: 74 patients who discontinued treatment, due to poor stimulation response, 16 patients who had no oocytes collected following ovarian puncture, 8 patients who had unsuitable oocytes for further fertilization and 21 cases in which a sperm sample was not obtained. Therefore, a total of 2498 IVF cases were analyzed. Based on the type of incubator and medium used, patients were divided in three groups. The first group, consisted of patients for which CooK medium and the HeraCell incubator was used (n=1134). The second group comprised of patients for culture was performed in Medicult medium and the Heracell incubator (n=697). CooK medium in combination with the K-Minc (CooK) incubator was used for the third group of patients (n=667). The following patient data were analyzed: patient age, body mass index (BMI), smoker status, cause of infertility and number of previous IVF cycles. The IVF data analyzed included the following parameters: type of stimulation protocol, total administered dose of gonadotropins, duration of stimulation, total serum concentration of estradiol on the final day of injections, number of oocytes collected, number of oocytes fertilized, total number of embryos, total number of good quality embryos, number of embryos transferred and day of embryo transfer...

Delphinidin is a dominant anthocyanidin in bilberry. Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of the genus Morus showed that M. nigra L. extract was more active than extracts of other two species (M. alba L. and M. rubra L.). Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of V. myrtillus methanol extract was in the range of MIC/MBC = 15.75-252.00 mg/mL. Antimicrobial effect of the tested extracts was less potent against strains from wounds compared to ATCC strains as well Gram (-) bacteria compared to Gram (+) bacteria. The most sensitive strains were S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes. P. mirabilis and S. aureus.

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between mid-trimester ultrasound fetal liver length (FLL) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a high-risk population. MethodsA prospective study was performed in 331 women with singleton pregnancies who were at high risk of GDM and were undergoing a mid-trimester ultrasound examination. The ultrasound scan at 23 weeks gestation was followed by a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24 weeks gestation. Correlations between FLL and OGTT results at different time points were tested. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of FLL as a potential prognostic factor for GDM was also performed. ResultsIn GDM patients, there was a significant positive correlation (P LT 0.01) between FLL and OGTT glycemia immediately before and 60, 120, and 180min after glucose intake. Mean FLL in GDM was significantly higher than in healthy subjects (41.04 vs 31.09mm, respectively; P LT 0.001). When tested as a potential prognostic factor for GDM, fetal liver measurements showed excellent diagnostic performance. The ROC analysis established a cut-off value of FLL of 39mm for the prediction GDM, with sensitivity of 71.76%, specificity 97.56%, positive predictive value 91.0%, and negative predictive value 90.9%. The usefulness of FLL measurements was supported by a high area under the ROC curve (90.5%). ConclusionIn conclusion, there is a strong correlation between FLL and OGTT results, with FLL possibly serving as a valid marker for the prediction of GDM in high-risk populations.

Molekulski deskriptori su brojevi ili nizovi brojeva koji se koriste za kvantifikovanje molekulske strukture. Posebna klasa molekulskih deskriptora su grafovske invarijante. Poznate su i kao topoloski molekulski deskriptori. Izvo ˇ denje ovih deskriptora omoguceno je zamenom ´ molekula molekulskim grafom. Mnoge korisne matematicke veli ˇ cine mogu se izra ˇ cunati iz ˇ molekulskog grafa, npr. sopstvene vrednosti. Stoga je postalo moguce konstruisati molekulske ´ deskriptore koji se zasnivaju na sopstvenim vrednostima. Oni se nazivaju topoloski molekulski ˇ deskriptori zasnovani na sopstvenim vrednostima. Danas ih ima mnostvo. Samo nekoliko ˇ njih koristi sopstvene vrednosti dobijene iz klasicne matrice susedstva. Me ˇ du njima se isticuˇ energija grafa, Estradin indeks i rezolventna energija. U okviru ove doktorske disertacije izvrseno je uporedno ispitivanje ovih deskriptora. ˇ Prvi deo poglavlja Rezultati i diskusija izvestava o rezultatima u vezi sa istra ˇ zivanjem rela- ˇ cija izmedu energije grafa, Estradinog indeksa i rezolventne energije. Tri topoloska molekulska ˇ deskriptora zasnovana na sopstvenim vrednostima uporedena su pomocu nekoliko skupova ´ alkana i benzenoidnih ugljovodonika. Otkrivene su i diskutovane relacije medu njima. Identifikovani su strukturni parametri koji upravljaju ovim odnosima i dobijene su odgovarajuce´ formule zasnovane na visestrukoj linearnoj regresiji. Pokazalo se da sva tri istra ˇ zena indeksa ˇ kodiraju gotovo iste strukturne informacije o molekulu. Oni se razlikuju samo po stepenu osetljivosti na grananje molekula i po broju nevezivnih molekulskih orbitala. Dalja analiza energije grafa, Estradinog indeksa i rezolventne energije vezana je za degenerativnost ovih deskriptora. Da bi se testirao diskriminativni potencijal ovih deskriptora, korisˇceno je nekoliko klasa izomera hemijskih stabala. U ovim skupovima broj atoma ugljeni- ´ ka se kretao od 9 do 20. Kvantifikovanje degenerativnosti je uradeno pomocu dobro utvr ´ dene velicine. Rezultati pokazuju da energija grafa i Estradin indeks imaju sli ˇ can nivo degenera- ˇ tivnosti. Nagla promena degenerativnosti rezolventne energije u slucaju hemijskih stabala ˇ zahtevala je dodatno ispitivanje. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da postoji mnogo hemijskih stabala sa istom rezolventnom energijom. Ona se zovu 푟–ekvienergetska hemijska stabla. Zatim su predstavljeni podaci vezani za pretrazivanje rezolventnih ekvienergetskih hemijskih ˇ stabala. Treci deo poglavlja Rezultati i diskusija donosi rezultate o strukturnoj osetljivosti ener- ´ gije grafa, Estradinog indeksa i rezolventne energije na nekoliko serija katakondenzovanih i perikondenzovanih izomernih benzenoidnih ugljovodonika. Strukturna osetljivost je jedno od najvaznijih i najmanje istra ˇ zenih svojstava grafovskih invarijanti. Nedavno je predstavlje- ˇ na nova metoda za procenu strukturne osetljivosti topoloskih molekulskih deskriptora. Ovaj ˇ algoritam se sastoji od nekoliko razlicitih koraka. Zasnovan je na Tanimoto indeksu i Morga- ˇ novim kruznim fingerprintovima. Utvr ˇ deno je da energija grafa, Estradin indeks i rezolventna energija imaju slicnu strukturnu osetljivost na katakondenzovane izomere. Energija grafa je ˇ najosetljivija na male promene u perikondenzovanim benzenoidnim ugljovodonicima. Pored toga, osetljivost ovih deskriptora testirana je na katakondenzovanim izomerima sa razlicitim ˇ brojem zaliva, uvala i fjordova. Otkriveno je da se vrednost ovih deskriptora postepeno menja sa postepenim povecanjem broja ovih strukturnih detalja. Estradin indeks i rezolventna ´ energija se slicno pona ˇ saju, i u nekim slu ˇ cajevima pokazuju istu strukturnu osetljivost. To se ˇ moze pripisati visokoj korelaciji izme ˇ du njih. U cetvrtom delu poglavlja Rezultati i diskusija predstavljeni su rezultati ispitivanja uticaja ˇ cikla na vrednost energije grafa, Estradinog indeksa i rezolventne energije. Naime, pokazano je da indeksi dobro opisuju fine strukturne detalje, te se moze pretpostaviti da ukoliko znamo ˇ kako je deskriptor koreliran sa strukturom onda mozemo da saznamo i kako osobine zavise ˇ od strukture. U cilju ispitivanja uticaja cikla na vrednost molekulskih deskriptora zasnovanih na sopstvenim vrednostima dizajnirana su tri in silicio eksperimenta . Poslednji deo ovog poglavlja predstavlja rezultate potencijalne hemijske primenljivosti nasih deskriptora. Ta ˇ cnije, ispitan je potencijal predvi ˇ danja fizicko–hemijskih osobina. Ener- ˇ gija grafa, Estradin indeks i rezolventna energija testirani su kao orude za predvidanje tacke ˇ kljucanja, toplote obrazovanja i koeficijenta raspodele oktanol/voda alkana. Pokazano je da ˇ se molekulski deskriptor zasnovan na sopstvenim vrednostima ne moze pojedina ˇ cno koristiti ˇ za uspesno predvi ˇ danje ovih fizicko–hemijskih osobina. Prvi zagreba ˇ cki indeks, broj nula u ˇ spektru i broj metil grupa, takode, moraju biti ukljuceni u modele. Dobijene statisti ˇ cke ve- ˇ licine pokazuju da su modeli konstruisani pomo ˇ cu Estradinog indeksa i rezolventne energije ´ znatno bolji od modela sa energijom grafa. Takav trend je jos izra ˇ zeniji u slu ˇ caju koeficijenta ˇ raspodele oktanol/voda alkana Molecular descriptors are numbers or series of numbers used for quantification of molecular structure. A special class of molecular descriptors are graph invariants. They are also known as topological molecular descriptors. The derivation of these descriptors has been enabled by the substitution of molecule by a molecular graph. Many useful mathematical quantities may be calculated from a molecular graph, e.g., eigenvalues. Therefore, it became possible to construct molecular descriptors that are using eigenvalues. These are called eigenvalue–based topological molecular descriptors. Today, there are plethora of them. Only few of them are using eigenvalues obtained from the ordinary adjacency matrix. The graph energy, Estrada index, and resolvent energy are the most prominent among them. Within this doctoral dissertation comparative investigation of these descriptors have been performed. The first part of Results and discussion chapter reports results regarding investigation of relationships among graph energy, Estrada index, and resolvent energy. Three eigenvalue– based topological molecular descriptors are compared using several datasets of alkanes and benzenoid hydrocarbons. The relations among them are found and discussed. Structural parameters that govern these relations are identified and the corresponding formulae based on multiple linear regression have been obtained. It has been shown that all three investigated indices are encoding almost the same structural information of a molecule. They differ only by the extent of the sensitivity on a structural branching of a molecule and on the number of non–bonding molecular orbitals. Further analysis of the graph energy, the Estrada index, and the resolvent energy is concerned with the degeneracy of these descriptors. To test discriminative potential of these descriptors, several classes of chemical-tree-isomers have been employed. In these sets number of carbon atoms ranged from 9 up to 20. The quantification of degeneracy has been done using well–established measure. The results show that graph energy and Estrada index exert similar degeneracy level. The specious degeneracy of the resolvent energy in the case of chemical trees is discussed. Obtained results indicated that there are many chemical trees with the same resolvent energy. These are called 푟–equienergetic chemical trees. Then, the results on searching for resolvent equienergetic chemical trees are given. The third part of Results and discussion chapter brings results on structural sensitivity of the graph energy, the Estrada index, and the resolvent energy on several series of catacondensed and pericondensed isomeric benzenoid hydrocarbons. Structural sensitivity is one of the most important and the least investigated property of graph invariants. Recently, a novel method for assessing the structural sensitivity of topological molecular descriptors was put forward. This algorithm consists of several different steps. It is based on Tanimoto index and Morgan circular fingerprints. It was found that graph energy, Estrada index, and resolvent energy exert similar structural sensitivity on catacondensed isomers. The graph energy showed best performance on pericondensed molecules. Additionally, the sensitivities of these descriptors were tested on the catacondensed isomers with the increasing number of bays, coves, and fjords. It was revealed that these descriptors gradually change with the increasing number of these structural features. The Estrada index and resolvent energy perform similarly and in some cases with the same structural sensitivity. This may be attributed to the high correlation between them. The fourth part of the Results and discussion chapter presents the results of the examination of the influence of the cycle on the value of the graph energy, the Estrada index, and the v resolvent energy. Namely, it has been shown that indices describe fine structural details well, so it can be assumed that if we know how the descriptor correlates with the structure then we can also find out how the properties depend on the structure. In order to examine the influence of a cycle on the value of molecular descriptors based on the eigenvalues, three 푖푛 푠푖푙푖푐표 experiments were designed. The last part of this chapter presents results of potential chemical applicability of our descriptors. More precisely, predictive potential of eigenvalue–based topological molecular descriptors was examined. The graph energy, the Estrada index, and the resolvent energy were tested as parameters for the prediction of boiling points, heats of formation, and octanol/water partition coefficients of alkanes. It was shown that an eigenvalue–based molecular descriptor cannot be individually used for successful prediction of these physico–chemical properties. The first Zagreb index, the number of zeros in the spectrum and the number of methyl groups must be also involved in the models. Performed statistics showed that the models constructed using the Estrada index and the resolvent energy are significantly better than ones with the graph energy. Such trend is even more noticeable in the case of octanol/water partition coefficients of alkanes.