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The "Comprehensive Policy Brief to the EU Commission - Roadmap to Decolonial Arctic Research" is an evidence-based tool for achieving decolonial innovation in methodology and funding mechanisms in the Arctic research landscape, including the natural and social sciences and the humanities. In four concise chapters, the group of experts, consisting of Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers and Indigenous rights holders, 1) guide the readership through the legal and political dimensions as well as that of research innovation and paradigmatic shifts in Arctic research; 2) it offers concrete methodological considerations in carrying out projects; 3) it elaborates on the participation of Indigenous rights holders in the EU research funding structures from a practice perspective. 4) it outlines the benefits of Indigenous-led Arctic research and of funding co-creative projects. This Roadmap can support the mainstreaming of co-creative and collaborative principles and equal partnership by Indigenous and non-Indigenous actors in 1) large-scale research projects, 2) calls for projects, 3) proposal design and project evaluation, and 4) in the implementation of the European Polar Research Program. At the international level, the rights of Indigenous Peoples have been receiving increasing legal recognition. Similarly, EU calls-for-proposals ask nowadays increasingly for a ‘co-design approach’ in research (e.g., in the past Horizon 2020, and the current Horizon Europe funding schemes). Arctic researchers are increasingly adopting decolonial research approaches. Yet implementing decolonial research practices as new standards and taking initiative that supports Indigenous sovereignty in the Arctic is often still lacking. Therefore, theoretical and methodological expertise about co-creation of knowledge, as offered in this Roadmap, can help to foster capacity among researchers in all disciplines (natural and social sciences, the humanities) and among the relevant funding bodies such as the EU Commission and the large variety of international and national funding organisations.

In this article, the authors tried to consider and structure the stages of development and creation of the “Yermak”, the world's first Arctic icebreaker, and analyzed the stages of preparation and the results of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic. Systematic analysis of historical sources and biographical material allowed to separate and comprehensively consider the conditions and prehistory for the development and creation of “Yermak” icebreaker. Also, the authors gave an assessment to the role of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov in those events, and analyzed the role of Sergei Yulyevich Witte, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tian-Shansky in the preparation and implementation of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker. In addition, the authors considered and analyzed the assessment of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov and his personal contribution to the results of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker made by Baron Ferdinand von Wrangel. The first polar expeditions showed that the idea of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov about the icebreaker fleet was viable and required further development. It is shown that the results of the first Arctic expeditions made by “Yermak” allowed to significantly develop knowledge in various scientific fields of Arctic and Earth research, namely, topography, astronomy, meteorology, hydrology, geology, magnetism, zoology, and botany. The use of these methods and approaches to scientific research allowed to retrace the way of life and professional activity of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov’s systematically and critically evaluate the sources used, highlight the main points in the current state of studying the subject and the results of predecessors, specify the most promising directions of research, give a description of the previous works on this issue and clearly distinguish issues that have not yet been resolved.

Ground-based observations of 11.072 GHz atmospheric ozone (O3) emission have been made using the Ny-Ålesund Ozone in the Mesosphere Instrument (NAOMI) at the UK Arctic Research Station (latitude 78∘55′0′′ N, longitude 11∘55′59′′ E), Spitsbergen. Seasonally averaged O3 vertical profiles in the Arctic polar mesosphere–lower thermosphere region for night-time and twilight conditions in the period 15 August 2017 to 15 March 2020 have been retrieved over the altitude range 62–98 km. NAOMI measurements are compared with corresponding, overlapping observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite instrument. The NAOMI and SABER version 2.0 data are binned according to the SABER instrument 60 d yaw cycles into nominal 3-month “winter” (15 December–15 March), “autumn” (15 August–15 November), and “summer” (15 April–15 July) periods. The NAOMI observations show the same year-to-year and seasonal variabilities as the SABER 9.6 µm O3 data. The winter night-time (solar zenith angle, SZA ≥ 110∘) and twilight (75∘ ≤ SZA ≤ 110∘) NAOMI and SABER 9.6 µm O3 volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles agree to within the measurement uncertainties. However, for autumn twilight conditions the SABER 9.6 µm O3 secondary maximum VMR values are higher than NAOMI over altitudes 88–97 km by 47 % and 59 %, respectively in 2017 and 2018. Comparing the two SABER channels which measure O3 at different wavelengths and use different processing schemes, the 9.6 µm O3 autumn twilight VMR data for the three years 2017–2019 are higher than the corresponding 1.27 µm measurements with the largest difference (58 %) in the 65–95 km altitude range similar to the NAOMI observation. The SABER 9.6 µm O3 summer daytime (SZA < 75∘) mesospheric O3 VMR is also consistently higher than the 1.27 µm measurement, confirming previously reported differences between the SABER 9.6 µm channel and measurements of mesospheric O3 by other satellite instruments.

Over the past decade, Inuit and non-Inuit researchers have worked in partnerships to conduct research that give voice to non-Western knowledge systems. However, studies show that although many researchers demonstrate a keen interest in engaging with Inuit youth, they often lack the resources and communication skills to do so. This study aims to assess the perspectives of experts on the role of researchers in engaging and communicating sciences with Inuit youth. This study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and a modified Delphi method to explore the perspectives of experts, including researchers, educators, members of Inuit organizations, public servants, and communication specialists. Findings show that the role of researchers in engaging and communicating sciences with Inuit youth is to build relationships based on trust, to work in the spirit of co-creation, to create opportunities for research capacity building, and to develop resources to support meaningful youth engagement in Arctic research.

When established in 2012, the Arctic Centre of Umeå University (Arcum) became the first cohesive center for Arctic research in Sweden. Since then, strategic networking on all levels has grown. Today, Arcum’s local network includes more than 250 researchers from all faculty areas. Nationally and internationally, Arcum collaborates with a large number of universities and research facilities and associates with organizations and networks such as University of the Arctic (UArctic), International Arctic Social Science Association (IASSA), International Congress of Circumpolar Health (ICCH) and China Nordic Arctic Research Centre (CNARC). Arcum strives towards multidisciplinarity and a broad definition of Arctic research. For example, a bibliometric analysis of the period 2012 – 2020 illustrates the progress in Arctic profiling and how Arcum’s local network has produced close to 1,600 peer-reviewed papers. The majority of these are related to science and medicine, but a fair share also representing the social sciences and humanities, mirroring an increasing interest in the human dimension of Arctic existence. We conclude that strategic networking has been an efficient tool for strengthening the Arctic profile and related research at Umeå University. The recent organizational reform and reorientation towards spin-offs and graduate research is likely to enhance this successful trend. Artikeln är submittad på engelska men sedan översatt och publicerad på kinesiska.

Accelerated melting of ice in Polar Regions due to global warming increases freshwater input to coastal waters from marine terminating glaciers. Lack of measurements near the glacier terminus limits our knowledge of the mixing processes between freshwater and the underlying ocean. We present a low-cost (< € 3200) and lightweight (2.6 kg) drone-deployed, retrievable conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) instrument for remote controlled (1 km) autonomous profiling in highly hazardous and remote areas. The instrument was deployed with a drone taking off from land and marine vessels to perform measurements near tidewater glaciers termini of the Greenland ice sheet. The free-flowing profiler is reusable due to a compact ballast based single-shot buoyancy engine and post-profiling pickup by drone. It can reach a depth of up to 250 m, and is equipped with low-cost sensors for conductivity, temperature, and depth measurements. During decent the profiler reaches a velocity of about 0.48 m/s, resulting in about 3.5 data points pr. m depth, but is designed to easily vary the velocity by changing buoyancy setup before deployment. Successful tests were conducted at marine terminating glaciers in Northeast Greenland in August 2021.

Spring flood and rain events are pivotal periods to capture mineral element-organic carbon stabilisation in permafrost soils, highlights Catherine Hirst, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Belgium in this Arctic rivers focus

Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in co-creating research projects is often perceived as challenging both from the perspective of the researchers and the Indigenous Peoples and communities. Indigenous partners often note that the inclusion process tends to be an administrative check mark rather than establishing a long-term good working relationship between the research team and the Indigenous partner. However, the trend is slowly shifting towards an increasing awareness of the benefits of and willingness to adapt to processes and principles to include Indigenous peoples to correct existing power imbalances.

Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in co-creating research projects is often perceived as challenging both from the perspective of the researchers and the Indigenous Peoples and communities. Indigenous partners often note that the inclusion process tends to be an administrative check mark rather than establishing a long-term good working relationship between the research team and the Indigenous partner. However, the trend is slowly shifting towards an increasing awareness of the benefits of and willingness to adapt to processes and principles to include Indigenous peoples to correct existing power imbalances.

Summary The article contributes to a better understanding of the role of research in the policies of the states that are scientifically engaged in the High North. The research covers 17 European states: six are Arctic and 11 non-Arctic, which were selected according to the following (at least one) formulated criteria: having an established tradition of carrying out scientific research in the Arctic region; having issued Arctic policy documents and/or Arctic research strategies; participation in the activities of the Arctic Council; and having gained membership of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC). In the analysis we have applied a mixed research method, since it incorporates elements of both qualitative and quantitative approaches and offers a more comprehensive review of the scrutinised texts. The qualitative analysis relies on a discourse analysis (predicate analysis). The quantitative part of the analysis utilizes the instruments of a software research tool – The AntConc. In the end, the outcomes of both methods are merged and compared. The study reveals that conducting scientific research is not a top priority for all Arctic states. However, it has the highest similarity in terms of applied approaches among Arctic states as compared to other fields (e.g. the economy, security or pollution). At the same time, the environment and climate change are perceived to be the most important drivers behind Arctic research as defined in the Arctic states' strategies. Moreover, there are major differences among both Arctic and non-Arctic states in terms of the level of accuracy in the presentation of their research activities, particularly with regard to the implementation of scientific programmes and research aims. Finally, the research indicates that all states highlight that international scientific cooperation stimulates cooperation also in other areas and that research provides information that supports decision making and policy creation.

Poster presentation at the Open Repositories 2019 conference, Hamburg, 10.06.19 - 13.06.19. http://archiv.gwin.gwiss.uni-hamburg.de/or2019/. The number of digital repositories containing publications and datasets on the Arctic region are increasing enormously. Users want relevant information according to their query with minimum interval of time. Scholars are compelled to search the individual repositories to get their desired documents. Open Arctic Research Index (Open ARI), a planned service at UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, aims to collect and index all the openly available Arctic-related publications and datasets in a single open access metadata index. By providing a simple search dialog box to the index, users can search all these repositories and archives in a single operation. The project investigates how such a service can support researchers in their research by making results from Arctic research more visible and better retrievable based on a standardized, interdisciplinary metadata set. The project started by clarifying the need for a new technical solution to collect all the published material using algorithms that allow the best way of filtering relevant records. We have defined 115 possible national and international collaborators who can feed the Open ARI with content. The team will analyze the success opportunities and the challenges in order of planning a full-scale management model.

Major ions were analysed in firn and ice cores located at Fimbul Ice Shelf (FIS), Dronning Maud Land – DML, Antarctica. FIS is the largest ice shelf in the Haakon VII Sea, with an extent of approximately 36500km2. Three shallow firn cores (about 20m deep) were retrieved in different ice rises, Kupol Ciolkovskogo (KC), Kupol Moskovskij (KM), and Blåskimen Island (BI), while a 100m long core (S100) was drilled near the FIS edge. These sites are distributed over the entire FIS area so that they provide a variety of elevation (50–400ma.s.l.) and distance (3–42km) to the sea. Sea-salt species (mainly Na+ and Cl−) generally dominate the precipitation chemistry in the study region. We associate a significant sixfold increase in median sea-salt concentrations, observed in the S100 core after the 1950s, to an enhanced exposure of the S100 site to primary sea-salt aerosol due to a shorter distance from the S100 site to the ice front, and to enhanced sea-salt aerosol production from blowing salty snow over sea ice, most likely related to the calving of Trolltunga occurred during the 1960s. This increase in sea-salt concentrations is synchronous with a shift in non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO42−) toward negative values, suggesting a possible contribution of fractionated aerosol to the sea-salt load in the S100 core most likely originating from salty snow found on sea ice. In contrast, there is no evidence of a significant contribution of fractionated sea salt to the ice-rises sites, where the signal would be most likely masked by the large inputs of biogenic sulfate estimated for these sites. In summary, these results suggest that the S100 core contains a sea-salt record dominated by the proximity of the site to the ocean, and processes of sea ice formation in the neighbouring waters. In contrast, the ice-rises firn cores register a larger-scale signal of atmospheric flow conditions and a less efficient transport of sea-salt aerosols to these sites. These findings are a contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms behind sea-salt aerosol production, transport and deposition at coastal Antarctic sites, and the improvement of the current Antarctic sea ice reconstructions based on sea-salt chemical proxies obtained from ice cores. Norwegian Polar Institute/[]//Noruega Universidad de Costa Rica/[805-B6-774]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Física

Access research data and research documents (e.g. publications) and make it more visible and findable through the internet is coming up as one of the major challenges for future development of the next generation of Digital Libraries. This challenge becomes more complicated when data producers (e.g. research institutes) are not aware by the needs of the scientific community for visibility and findability of their data or when the data producers lack the technology or the motivation to make their data available online.Although the Open Arctic Research Index pilot project focused only on the open-access research data and the open-access research documents published on Polar regions, the OpenARI found 60% of these open-access records are unfindable through searchable platforms outside the institutional webpage itself. This raises an awareness sign of the need of the scientific community to harvest the metadata of these open-access records in a homogenous, seamless database and making this database available to researchers, students and publics through one search platform. At present, neither Google Scholar nor any other search platform provide this service.Based on the fact that around 60% of the open-access polar records are unfindable through one search platform, we strongly suggest launching a full-scale management service at the University of Tromsø – the Arctic University of Norway (UiT). This new service will be built on existing experiences from High North Research Documents (i.e. an existing service at the UiT). OpenARI has concluded fifteen needs that are required for the full-scale management model. In addition to the main service (i.e. make open-access polar records more visible and findable through one search platform), we suggest to add three new services: 1) hosting of original data from the Polar regions; 2) creating a research platform; 3) creating an education platform. A new process including four stages of filtration is suggested in order to reduce the time and the overhead costs of using the UiT’s server. End-users will be able to perform search using a map. In addition to the classical way of presenting the results of a search, the end-users will be able to see the search results on a map and/or as a timeline.

Open ARI is a planned service at UiT The Arctic University of Norway in order to collect, sort and archive all the openly available publications and datasets that were published in the Arctic region. This new service will be available as an open access database to the users through-out an interactive searchable front-end. The pilot project will investigate how such a service can support researchers in their research by making results from Arctic research more visible and better retrievable through a common search index based on a standardized, interdisciplinary metadata set. Moreover and for a better overview for the polar sciences, the new Arctic database will include, as well, examples from the Antarctic region. As a pilot project, we started by clarifying the need for a new technical solution by which the Open ARI will be able to collect all the published material using algorithms that allow the best way of filtering processes. Also we are now in a stage to define all the possible national and international collaborators who can support and feed the Open ARI with content from their internal databases. A group of scientists and researchers will be formed as a reference group who will show us the needs of the scientific community to be sure that our final product will meet the interest of the users. By the end of the pilot project, the team will analyze the success opportunities and the challenges in order to plan a full scale management model.

Arctic environmental changes already impact regional ecosystems, economies and northern communities, and are having increasing influence on many aspects of the global system. Interest in the Arctic has increased in concert with our improved awareness of potential changes; however, research funding has not necessarily kept pace with the need to improve our understanding of Arctic system change to inform evidence-based decision making. Analyses of data on research funding trends (2003–14) in Canada, the USA and the EU indicate that less than 3% of the total budget the funding agencies considered is allocated in any given year to Arctic-related research. Furthermore, alignment is uneven among established scientific research priorities, existing societal needs and projects awarded funding. New support mechanisms and improved alignment among resources, expertise and priorities, including Indigenous research priorities, are vital to planning and adaptation in the face of ongoing Arctic change.

The synoptic and mesoscale meteorological conditions were analyzed for Phase I of the Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment (CEAREX) from 17 September 1988 to 7 January 1989. Meteorological observations from a research ship (R/V Polarbjoern), an array of drifting buoys and satellite imagery from DMSP and NOAA satellites were the primary tools for analysis. Several short periods of high cyclone activity followed by long periods of high pressure dominated the weather pattern in the eastern Arctic Ocean from Greenland to Novaya Zemlya for this period. Two case studies are presented. An infrequent cyclogenesis event that formed within a strong baroclinic zone over Arctic pack ice was observed in a "baroclinic leaf on satellite imagery. Ship and drifting buoy observations provided critical insight to the location and intensity of the "leafs" subsequent vertical development to the surface. In the second study, a boundary layer front was observed in the East Greenland Sea by satellite imagery. The front then moved northeast into Fram Strait and a polar low formed at the northern end of the front. The event lasted less than 24 h and would not have been observed except through satellite imagery. http://archive.org/details/meteorologicalfe1094526627 Lieutenant, United States Navy