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Objective: Voiding dysfunction is a commonly encountered problem in children. If a patient has a history of urinary tract infection (UTI) and presents with fever, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is frequently used. Proximal urethra dilatation in VCUG was determined to be an indication of voiding dysfunction. Studies in literature have been the ones assessing the correlation between the presence of proximal urethra dilatation and voiding dysfunction. In our study, however, we analyzed the relationship between the proximal urethra diameter determined in VCUG of children with voiding dysfunction, the severity of the disease, the presence of reflux, and uroflowmetry parameters.Materials and Methods: Of the 522 VCUG-received patients 96 between the ages of 6-8 with voiding dysfunction concomitant with febrile UTI were evaluated. Dysfunctional voiding incontinence scoring (DVIS), uroflowmetry parameters, post-void residual measurements (PVR), proximal urethra diameter noted in VCUG, and presence of reflux in the patients were analysed.Results: The mean age was 7.2 & PLUSMN;0.66. The average proximal urethra diameter was 7.6 & PLUSMN;1.8 mm. Regarding the diameter, the patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (7.6 mm and below) and group 2 (above 7.6 mm). DVIS was higher but vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was lower in group 2 (p=0.017, p=0.008; respectively). For uroflowmetry parameters and PVR, no significant differences were noted.Conclusion: In the group with the high-proximal urethra diameter, DVIS was observed to be high. However, a negative correlation was determined between high-proximal urethra diameter and VUR.

Introduction:Prostate cancer is being diagnosed and graded by examining needle biopsies. As needle biopsies may represent the low percentage of general tumor histology, downgrading or upgrading can cause problems in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. Our aim in this study was to put forth the concordance between needle biopsy and RP Gleason scores.Methods:The biopsy pathology results, and post-RP pathology results of 112 patients diagnosed as prostate cancer and underwent RP were revised and the concordance of the biopsy and RP Gleason score was analyzed by kappa statistics in addition to percentages of downgrading or upgrading rates.Results: The mean age, and PSA values of the patients were 64,4 (±6,2) years, and 11,7 (±9,2) ng/mL, respectively. There was a moderate agreement between biopsy and prostatectomy gleason scores(κ=0,452) and between Gleason groupsConclusion: It is important for the urologists to be aware of the variety of Gleason score between biopsy results and prostatectomy specimens as needle biopsies represent small areas of tumors

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, manuel mikroskopik idrar analizi öngörmek için idrar strip analizinin performansını değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: İdrar yolu enfeksiyonu (İYE) şüphesi olan hastalardan alınan ve hem mikroskopik hem de strip analizi yapılan idrar örnekleri çalışmaya dahil edildi. Eritrosit strip (Erit-S) ve lökosit strip (Lök-S) testlerinin “eser”, “1+”, “2+”, “3+” kestirim değerleri için duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif ve negatif olabilirlik oranları (LR+, LR-), test öncesi ve sonrası şans, test sonrası olasılık değerleri hesaplandı. Koşullu olasılığı belirlemek için Bayes teoremi kullanıldı. ROC eğrisinin altındaki alan (AUC) hesaplandı. Bulgular: Lök-S ve Erit-S için AUC sırası ile 0,923 ve 0,975 olarak bulundu. Lök-S testi “1+”, Erit-S testi “eser” kestirim değerinde yeterli duyarlılık ve özgüllükteydi (>%80). LR+ değerine göre Lök-S “3+” kestirim değerinde, Erit-S tüm kestirim değerlerinde; LR- değerine göre Lök-S eser, Erit-S eser ve “1+” kestirim değerlerinde post-test olasılıkta anlamlı farklılık sağladı (80%). Leuc-S of “3+” and Eryth-S of all cut-off values for LR+ value; Leuc-S of “trace” and Eryth-S of “trace” and “1+” for LR- value were significantly different for posttest probability(

Introduction: Following the Covid-19 pandemic, the face-to-face meetings are delayed to a future date , which is still not clear. However, seminars, meetings, and conferences are necessary for updating our knowledge and skills. The web-based seminars (webinars) are the solutions to this issue. This study aimed to show the participant behavior when webinars present at the Covid-19 pandemic era. Methods: Between December 2017 - July 2020, 58 webinars were broadcasted via the Uropedia, electronic library of SUST. Data of all webinars were collected with the YouTube analytics and application of the Uropedia. Data of streaming webinars included participant behaviors such as content views, engagement time, total unique attendees, average engagement time, and the number of audience to leads. Data were split into two groups; group-1 is webinars before Covid-19 (before March 2020), group-2 is the webinars during Covid-19. Results: Total broadcast time and total page view number were found to be 112.6 hours (6761 min.) and 15919, respectively. The median participant age was 40.1 years. Median content view and median engagement time were found to be 261.0 min., and 12.2 min., respectively. Comparison of two groups revealed a significant increment in the content views (group 1;134.0 range=86.0-87.0 and group 2; 414.0 range=296.0-602.0, p

biridir. Prostat spesifik antijen (PSA) taramasıyla birlikte hastalar daha erken dönemde tanı almakta ve daha fazla sayıda hasta radikal prostatektomi (RP) operasyonu geçirmektedir. RP açık, laparoskopik ve robot yardımlı teknikler ile uygulanabilmektedir. Ayrıca açık RP için retrograd ve antegrad teknikler tarif edilmiştir. Biz kliniğimizde her iki tekniğin karşımı olan kombine tekniği uygulamaktayız. Bu çalışmada kombine açık RP tekniğinin onkolojik ve fonksiyonel sonuçlara etkisi araştırıldı. 2012-2018 yılları arasında kombine RP uygulanan 89 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Kombine teknikte hastaların tümüne denonviller fasyasına kadar retrograde yöntem uygulanırken, bu aşamadan sonra antegrad yöntem uygulandı. 12 aylık takip sonunda idrar kaçırması olmayan hastalar kontinan kabul edildi. Erektil fonksiyon uluslararası erektil fonksiyon indeksine göre değerlendirildi; bu değer 19’un üzerinde ise hastalar potent kabul edildi. Ortalama operasyon süresi 125.4±15dk, per-op kan kaybı 350±50ml olarak saptandı. Operasyon sonrasında ortalama hastanede yatış süresi 7±2 gün bulundu. Hastalar ortalama 18,5 ay takip edildi. Takip süresince sadece 1 (%1) hasta kardiyak nedenle ex oldu ve 23 (%25) hastada PSA nüksü saptandı. Hastaların takiplerinde 24 (%27) hastada erektil disfonksiyon saptanırken, 26 (%29) hastada üriner inkontinans saptandı. Kombine RP’nin diğer yöntemlerle benzer onkolojik ve fonksiyonel sonuçları olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in males. Since the widespread use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, more patients are diagnosed at early stages of the disease and subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). RP may be performed via open, laparoscopic or robot assisted laparoscopic techniques. Open RP may be performed in an antegrade or retrograde fashion. In this study, we assessed the oncologic and functional effects of combined retrograde and antegrade open RP technique. The data of 89 patients, who underwent combined RP between 2012 to 2018, were assessed retrospectively. The combined technique is performed retrograde way until to the Denonvilliers' fascia dissection and advanced with antegrade way in the rest of the operation. Urinary continence and erectile functions were assessed after 12 months follow-up. Erectile functions were assessed with International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Patients with IIEF scores >19 were considered as potent. Mean operation time, blood loss and hospital stay were 125.4±15min and 350±50ml, 7±2 days, respectively. In mean 18.5 months of follow-up, only 1 (1%) of the patients were died due to a cardiac event and 23 (25%) had PSA recurrence. Erectile disfunction and urinary incontinence were detected in 24 (27%) and 26 (29%) patients, respectively. The combined RP technique has similar oncologic and functional results with other techniques.

Prostat kanseri erkeklerde en sık tanı konulan kanser türlerinden biridir. Prostat spesifik antijen (PSA) taramasıyla birlikte hastalar daha erken dönemde tanı almakta ve daha fazla sayıda hasta radikal prostatektomi (RP) operasyonu geçirmektedir. RP açık, laparoskopik ve robot yardımlı teknikler ile uygulanabilmektedir. Ayrıca açık RP için retrograd ve antegrad teknikler tarif edilmiştir. Biz kliniğimizde her iki tekniğin karşımı olan kombine tekniği uygulamaktayız. Bu çalışmada kombine açık RP tekniğinin onkolojik ve fonksiyonel sonuçlara etkisi araştırıldı. 2012-2018 yılları arasında kombine RP uygulanan 89 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Kombine teknikte hastaların tümüne denonviller fasyasına kadar retrograde yöntem uygulanırken, bu aşamadan sonra antegrad yöntem uygulandı. 12 aylık takip sonunda idrar kaçırması olmayan hastalar kontinan kabul edildi. Erektil fonksiyon uluslararası erektil fonksiyon indeksine göre değerlendirildi; bu değer 19’un üzerinde ise hastalar potent kabul edildi. Ortalama operasyon süresi 125.4±15dk, per-op kan kaybı 350±50ml olarak saptandı. Operasyon sonrasında ortalama hastanede yatış süresi 7±2 gün bulundu. Hastalar ortalama 18,5 ay takip edildi. Takip süresince sadece 1 (%1) hasta kardiyak nedenle ex oldu ve 23 (%25) hastada PSA nüksü saptandı. Hastaların takiplerinde 24 (%27) hastada erektil disfonksiyon saptanırken, 26 (%29) hastada üriner inkontinans saptandı. Kombine RP’nin diğer yöntemlerle benzer onkolojik ve fonksiyonel sonuçları olduğu ortaya konulmuştur., Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in males. Since the widespread use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, more patients are diagnosed at early stages of the disease and subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). RP may be performed via open, laparoscopic or robot assisted laparoscopic techniques. Open RP may be performed in an antegrade or retrograde fashion. In this study, we assessed the oncologic and functional effects of combined retrograde and antegrade open RP technique. The data of 89 patients, who underwent combined RP between 2012 to 2018, were assessed retrospectively. The combined technique is performed retrograde way until to the Denonvilliers' fascia dissection and advanced with antegrade way in the rest of the operation. Urinary continence and erectile functions were assessed after 12 months follow-up. Erectile functions were assessed with International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Patients with IIEF scores >19 were considered as potent. Mean operation time, blood loss and hospital stay were 125.4±15min and 350±50ml, 7±2 days, respectively. In mean 18.5 months of follow-up, only 1 (1%) of the patients were died due to a cardiac event and 23 (25%) had PSA recurrence. Erectile disfunction and urinary incontinence were detected in 24 (27%) and 26 (29%) patients, respectively. The combined RP technique has similar oncologic and functional results with other techniques.

Objective: The aim of study was to determine unnecessary repeated total prostate specific antigen(tPSA) according to minimum retest interval and to evaluate the change between consecutive measurement results with RCV. Material and Methods: According to report of Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, when first result is raised, it is recommended to repeat tPSA once in 6 weeks to assess the trend. tPSA test results which were requested between March 2015 and 2017 in our hospital were evaluated retrospectively. If tPSA was>2.5 ng/mL and this test was repeated in less than 6 weeks, it was determined as unnecessary repeated test. RCV was calculated. Results: The number of tPSA was 1794 and number of consecutive tPSA requested was 427 (12.5%). The first tPSA result was>2.5 ng/mL in 46.4% (198/427) of consecutive tPSA tests, 49% of these tests(97/198) were unnecessary. RCV was calculated as 51.45%. In 82.5% (80/97) of unnecessary repeated tPSA, the change between two results was smaller than RCV. Number of consecutive tests which changed below RCV was significantly lower in appropriately requested tPSA tests than unnecessary repeated tPSA (p=0,002). Conclusion: Absence of significant difference between two consecutive results in unnecessary repeated test according to RCV suggests the importance of test requesting according to guidelines. We believe that our work will raise awareness about reducing unnecessary requests Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, minimum retest intervale göre gereksiz tekrarlanan total prostat spesifik antijen (tPSA) testlerini belirlemek ve ardışık ölçüm sonuçları arasındaki değişimi RCV ile değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Klinik Biyokimya ve Laboratuvar Tıbbı Derneği raporuna göre, tPSA testi istenen hastalarda ilk sonucun yüksek olması durumunda eğilimi görmek için tPSA testinin 6 haftada bir kez tekrarlanması önerilmektedir. Hastanemizde Mart 2015 - 2017 arasında istemi yapılan tPSA test sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Ardışık iki tPSA istemi arasındaki süre 2,5 ng/mL olan istemler uygunsuz tPSA test istemi olarak değerlendirildi. RCV hesaplandı. Bulgular: tPSA test sayısı 1794, ardışık istenen tPSA sayısı 427 (% 12,5) idi. Ardışık istenen tPSA testlerinin %46,37’sinde (198/427) ilk ölçülen tPSA test sonucu >2,5 ng/mL idi ve bu testlerin %49’u(97/198) gereksiz istemdi. RCV %51,45 olarak hesaplandı. Gereksiz tekrarlanan tPSA testlerinin % 82,5'inde(80/97) iki sonuç arasındaki değişim RCV'den küçüktü. Ardışık iki ölçüm sonucu arasındaki değişimi

Kliniğimizde Retrograd İntrarenal Cerrahi (RIRS) uygulanan olguların sonuçlarını değerlendirmek. Şubat 2017 ile Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasında, böbrek taşı nedeniyle RIRS yapılan 32 olgunun sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olguların 10’u kadın, 22’si erkek, yaş ortalaması 50.5 (17-80) yıl idi. Ortalama taş boyutu 12.93 (6-25) mm idi. Olguların 8’inde (%25) işlem öncesi double-j (D-J) stent varken, 24’ünde (%75) ise işlem öncesi stent uygulanmamıştı. İşlemlerin tamamında üretral giriş kılıfı kullanıldı. Ortalama operasyon süresi 56.56 (25-120) dakika, floroskopi süresi ise 53.03 (15-240) saniye olan işlemlerin tamamında operasyon sonrası D-J stent takıldı. Hastanede kalış süresi ortalama 1 gün olan olguların, 1. ay kontrollerinde, 22’sinde (%68) taşsızlık sağlanırken, 5’inde (%16) klinik önemsiz rezidüel taş ve 5’inde (%16) rezidüel taş saptandı. Perop hiçbir hastada komplikasyon gelişmedi. Retrogradintrarenal cerrahi böbrek taşı tedavisinde etkili ve güvenli bir cerrahi tekniktir. To assess the results of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) operations in our clinic. The data of 32 patients, who underwent RIRS operation for stone disease from February 2017 to February 2018, were retrospectively assessed. 10 of the patients were female, while 22 of the patients were male, and the mean age of the patients was 50.5 (17-80) years. We measured the mean stone diameter as 12.93 (6-25) mm. Mean operation, and fluoroscopy times were 56.56 (25-120) minute sand 53.03 (15-240) seconds, respectively. Ureteral accesss heath was used for all of the operations. 8 (25%) of the patients were pre-stented (double-j), while the 24 (75%) were not. All the patients were stented at the end of the operation and discharged from the hospital on the first day postoperatively. No complications occurred in the perioperative period. All of the patients were controlled at the first month after the discharge. 22 (68%) of the patients were stone-free. However, 5 (16%) patients had clinically in significant residual stone and the other 5 (16%) had residual stones. Retrograde intrarenal surgery is safe and effective surgical technique for renal stones.

To assess the results of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) operations in our clinic. The data of 32 patients, who underwent RIRS operation for stone disease from February 2017 to February 2018, were retrospectively assessed. 10 of the patients were female, while 22 of the patients were male, and the mean age of the patients was 50.5 (17-80) years. We measured the mean stone diameter as 12.93 (6-25) mm. Mean operation, and fluoroscopy times were 56.56 (25-120) minute sand 53.03 (15-240) seconds, respectively. Ureteral accesss heath was used for all of the operations. 8 (25%) of the patients were pre-stented (double-j), while the 24 (75%) were not. All the patients were stented at the end of the operation and discharged from the hospital on the first day postoperatively. No complications occurred in the perioperative period. All of the patients were controlled at the first month after the discharge. 22 (68%) of the patients were stone-free. However, 5 (16%) patients had clinically in significant residual stone and the other 5 (16%) had residual stones. Retrograde intrarenal surgery is safe and effective surgical technique for renal stones., Kliniğimizde Retrograd İntrarenal Cerrahi (RIRS) uygulanan olguların sonuçlarını değerlendirmek. Şubat 2017 ile Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasında, böbrek taşı nedeniyle RIRS yapılan 32 olgunun sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olguların 10’u kadın, 22’si erkek, yaş ortalaması 50.5 (17-80) yıl idi. Ortalama taş boyutu 12.93 (6-25) mm idi. Olguların 8’inde (%25) işlem öncesi double-j (D-J) stent varken, 24’ünde (%75) ise işlem öncesi stent uygulanmamıştı. İşlemlerin tamamında üretral giriş kılıfı kullanıldı. Ortalama operasyon süresi 56.56 (25-120) dakika, floroskopi süresi ise 53.03 (15-240) saniye olan işlemlerin tamamında operasyon sonrası D-J stent takıldı. Hastanede kalış süresi ortalama 1 gün olan olguların, 1. ay kontrollerinde, 22’sinde (%68) taşsızlık sağlanırken, 5’inde (%16) klinik önemsiz rezidüel taş ve 5’inde (%16) rezidüel taş saptandı. Perop hiçbir hastada komplikasyon gelişmedi. Retrogradintrarenal cerrahi böbrek taşı tedavisinde etkili ve güvenli bir cerrahi tekniktir.

Amaç: Laboratuvar sonuçları, klinik karar verme sürecinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu nedenle testlerin analizi ve raporlanma kalitesi son derece önemlidir. Ölçüm belirsizliği test sonuçlarının kalitesinin kantitatif olarak ifade edilmesidir. Belirsizliklerin ve olası hata kaynaklarının belirlenmesi ile sonuçların kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi de sağlanmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı prostat kanseri tanısında yönlendirici rolü olan serbest ve total prostat spesifik antijen testlerinin Nordtest teknik raporu 537’ye göre belirsizliğini hesaplamak ve bu değerleri Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WLSH) ve The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA)'nın belirlediği % total izin verilen hata (%TEa) değerleriyle karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Serbest ve total prostat spesifik antijen testleri cobas e 601 cihazında (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) elektrokemiluminesans yöntemle ölçülmektedir. Testlerin ölçüm belirsizliği Nordtest teknik raporu 537’e göre hesaplandı. Bulgular: Total ve serbest prostat spesifik antijen testleri için sırasıyla iç kalite kontrol belirsizlik değeri %4.25 ve %3.00, dış kalite kontrol belirsizlik değerleri %5,62 ve %5,83, genişletilmiş belirsizlik değerleri ise %95 güven aralığında %14,1 ve %13,1 olarak bulundu. RCPA’nın serbest ve total prostat spesifik antijen için belirlediği %TEa değeri %15, WLSH'nın ise % 30 'dur. Sonuç: Laboratuvarımızda serbest ve total prostat spesifik antijen testleri için hesaplanan ölçüm belirsizliği hedeflenen %TEa değerinin altındadır. Ölçüm belirsizliğinin hesaplanması tanı ve girişimde klinik karar sınırları değerlendirilen testler için daha da önemli hale gelmektedir. Laboratuvarlar testlerin ölçüm belirsizliğini hesaplamalı, ilgili klinisyenler elde edilen veriler hakkında bilgilendirilmelidir. Aim: Laboratory results have an important effect on the clinical decision-making process. For this reason, the analysis and reporting quality of the tests is extremely important. Measurement uncertainty is the quantitative expression of the quality of test results. It is also possible to improve the quality of the results by identifying uncertainties and possible sources of errors. The aim of our study is to calculate the uncertainty of total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) which play an important role in prostate cancer screening and diagnosis tests, according to the Nordest techincal report 537 and comparing these values to the % total allowed error (% TEa) values of The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia and the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WLSH). Materials and Methods: fPSA and tPSA tests are analyzed by electro-chemiluminescence method on a Cobas e601 analyzer(Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). The measurement uncertainty of the tests was calculated according to Nordest technical report 537. Results: The internal quality control uncertainty values of tPSA and fPSA tests are 4.25% and 3.00%, external quality uncertainty values are 5,62 % and 5,83 % and extended uncertainty values are 14,1% and 13,1% (at 95% confidence interval), respectively. TEa value of RCPA for fPSA and tPSA is 15 % and TEa value of WLSH is %30. Conclusion: The measurement uncertainty calculated for fPSA and tPSA tests in our laboratory is below the targeted %TEa value. Calculation of measurement uncertainty is even more important for tests that assess clinical decision limits in diagnosis and intervention. Clinical laboratories should calculate the measurement uncertainty of tests and the relevant clinicians should be informed about the obtained data.

Amaç: İdrar yolu enfeksiyonu (İYE) tanısında altın standart olan idrar kültürü tam idrar tetkikine (TİT) göre yüksek maliyet, iş gücü ve zaman gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle laboratuvarların kendi uyguladıkları TİT'in kültür sonucunu öngörebilme performansını değerlendirmeleri önemlidir. Çalışmamızın amacı laboratuvarımızda, idrar kültürü sonuçlarını referans alarak, strip ile değerlendirilen lökosit, eritrosit, nitrit ile mikroskobik olarak değerlendirilen lökosit ve eritrosit testlerinin performansını ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kemalpaşa Devlet Hastanesi Merkez Laboratuvarı'nda 6 aylık dönemde idrar kültürü ve TİT yapılan İYE ön tanılı hastalar çalışmaya alındı. Kültür sonuçları referans alınarak strip ile değerlendirilen lökosit, eritrosit, nitrit ile mikroskobik olarak değerlendirilen lökosit ve eritrosit testlerinin performansı değerlendirildi. Duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif (PV+), negatif öngörü değeri (PV-), pozitif (LR+) ve negatif olabilirlik oranı (LR-) hesaplandı. Değerlendirilen testler ile kültür sonuçları arasındaki ilişki lojistik regresyon ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Aynı gün kültür ve TİT çalışılan 606 örneğin 513'ünde (%84,6) üreme saptanmadı. Duyarlılık; en yüksek strip lökosit (eser) (%93,5), en düşük strip eritrosit (3+) (%25,8), özgüllük; en yüksek nitrit (%98,2), en düşük strip lökosit (eser) (%51,2) testlerinde bulundu. En yüksek PV+ değeri nitrit (86,4), PV- değeri strip lökosit (eser) (%97,8) ile mikroskobi lökosit (97,4) testlerinde bulundu. LR+ değeri nitrit testinde 34,9, diğer tüm testlerde, Objective: Urine culture test (UCT), which is the gold-standard for urinary tract infections (UTI), requires higher cost, labour and time than complete urinalysis (CU). Therefore, it is important to assess prediction performance of CU's for UCT. the aim of our study is to demonstrate performance of strip leukocyte, erythrocyte, nitrite, microscopic leukocyte and microscopic erythrocyte tests in relation with UCT. Material and Methods: Patients which had CU, UCT requests and UTI pre-diagnosis in Kemalpasa State Hospital Central Laboratory during 6 months’ period were included. Performance of strip leukocyte, erythrocyte, nitrite, microscopic leukocyte and erythrocyte tests was evaluated with reference to UCT. Sensitivity, specificity, PV+, PV-, LR+ and LR- values were calculated. Relationship between assessed tests and UCT was analysed by logistic-regression. Results: of 606 samples with CU and UCT request on the same day, UCT positivity was not detected in 513 (84,6%). Sensitivity was highest for strip leukocyte (trace) (93,5%), and lowest for strip erythrocyte (3+) (25,8%), and specificity was highest for nitrite (98,2%) and lowest for strip leukocyte (trace) (51,2%). Highest PV+ was in nitrite (86,4%) and highest PV- was in microscopic leukocyte (97,4%) and strip leukocyte (trace) (97,8%) tests. LR+ was calculated as 34,9 for nitrite and

Tarhan H, çakmak ö, Akarken İ, Ekin RG, ün S, Uzelli D, Helvacı M, Aksu N, Yavaşçan ö, Mutlubaş-özsan F, Cun S, Koç F, özkarakaş ö, İlbey Yö, Zorlu F. Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. Turk J Pediatr 2015; 57: 172-176.To determine toilet training age and the factors influencing this in our country, 1500 children who had completed toilet training were evaluated in a multicenter study. the mean age of toilet training was 22.32±6.57 months. the duration it took to complete toilet training was 6.60±2.20 months on the average. in univariant analysis, toilet training age increased as the parental education level, specifically that of the mother, increased. the training age of children whose mothers had over 12 years of education differed significantly from that of children of mothers with less education. There was no significant difference in toilet training age with regard to the education level of the father, or the employment status of the mother. We also found significant differences with respect to family income level, toilet type and training method. in multivariant analysis, family income >5000 TL and use of a potty chair were determined to be factors affecting toilet training age. in conclusion, toilet training age in Turkey, a developing country, was found to be lower than that in developed countries.

Ongün, Şakir (Balikesir Author), Objective To present a nation-wide analysis of the workload of urology departments in Turkey week-by-week during Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology The centres participating in the study were divided into three groups as tertiary referral centres, state hospitals and private practice hospitals. The number of outpatients, inpatients, daily interventions and urological surgeries were recorded prospectively between 9-March-2020 and 31-May-2020. All these variables were recorded for the same time interval of 2019 as well. The weekly change of the workload of urology during pandemic period was evaluated, also the workload of urology and the distributions of certain urological surgeries were compared between the pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019. Results A total of 51 centres participated in the study. The number of outpatients, inpatients, urological surgeries and daily interventions were found to be dramatically decreased by the 3rd week of pandemics in state hospitals and tertiary referral centres; however, the daily urological practice were similar in private practice hospitals throughout the pandemic period. When the workload of urology in pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019 were compared, a huge decrease was observed in all variables during pandemic period. However, temporary measures like ureteral stenting, nephrostomy placement and percutaneous cystostomy have been found to increase during Covid-19 pandemic compared with normal life. Conclusions Covid-19 pandemic significantly affected the routine daily urological practice likewise other subspecialties and priority was given to emergent and non-deferrable surgeries by urologists in concordance with published clinical guidelines.

0000-0003-0238-2236; 0000-0003-1398-1592; 0000-0002-0973-2318 WOS: 000444033700006 Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate gender-specific differences in the Turkish patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing radical or nephron-sparing nephrectomy and compare the results with those in other regions. Materials and Methods: Data of 76 patients, who were clinically diagnosed with RCC and underwent radical or nephron-sparing nephrectomy from January 2011 to August 2017, were retrospectively evaluated. Age and gender of the patients and the size, histological type, grade and pathological stage of the tumors were recorded. A chi-square test was used for comparing categorical variables, whereas the Student's t-test was used for the same purpose in the continuous variables. Results: Of the 67 patients, 39 (58.2%) were male and 28 (41.8%) were female; male-to-female ratio was 3:2. The mean age of the male and female patients was 63.4 +/- 11.7 years and 59.3 +/- 14.3 years, respectively and the mean tumor size was 5.7 and 5.3 cm, respectively. There were differences in mean age, tumor size and Fuhrman grade, however, none of them reached the level of statistical significance. Twenty four of the male and 25 of the female patients had low-stage, 15 of the male and 3 of the female patients had high-stage disease. Thus, the male patients had higher stage disease than the female patients and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.011). Conclusion: Turkish women with RCC had significantly lower stage disease than Turkish men, although grade and size of the tumor did not present a statistically significant difference. The results were similar with other European studies.

Objective: Voiding dysfunction (VD), which encompasses many urinary symptoms that are not caused by neurological or anatomical anomalies, is a frequently encountered functional urinary bladder disorder in children. It was reported that there was an association between lower urinary tract symptoms and fecal microbiota in adult patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differences in fecal microbiota between children with or without VD. Methods: Two patient groups, including 30 patients, were compared. Group 1 included patients with VD, while Group 2 consisted of healthy children. All study participants were asked to fill lower urinary tract and voiding dysfunction symptom score forms with the assistance of their parents. Subsequently, uroflowmetry tests and postvoiding residual urine measurements were performed. Fresh stool samples were collected from all children and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. General bacterial load and presence of Roseburia intestinalis, Clostridium difficile, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Bacteroides clarus were tested. Results: The two groups were significantly different regarding general bacterial load; the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Clostridium difficile and Bacteroides clarus was not detected in the fresh stool samples of the patients in Group 2; the counts of Roseburia intestinalis were less in Group 1 than in Group 2, although there was no statistically significant difference. There was a negative correlation between symptom scores, general bacterial load, and the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum. However, there was no correlation between the presence of Roseburia intestinalis and symptom scores. Conclusions: There is a potential relationship between VD and a deviation in the fecal microbiota in the pediatric population.

WOS: 000470931300007 PubMed ID: 30873655 Objective To analyze factors influencing reflux resolution in patients with the coexistence of non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and vesicoureteral reflux. Methods The data of 153 children who were diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux and accompanying non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with neurogenic and anatomical malformations, monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, previous history of vesicoureteral reflux surgery, irregular and/or incomplete follow-up data were excluded. After exclusion of 55 patients, 98 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of spontaneous vesicoureteral reflux resolution during the follow-up period. Group 1 consisted of 54 children with spontaneous vesicoureteral reflux resolution, whereas group 2 included 44 children without resolution. Medical history, physical examination, urinalysis, uroflowmetry combined with electromyography, ultrasonography, as well as the Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptom Score questionnaire were also evaluated. Results The mean age at presentation was 7.57 +/- 0.23 years (range 5-13 years), and the mean follow-up period was 28.3 months. Significant differences were noted between the two groups in terms of dysfunctional voiding and incontinence symptom score, bladder wall thickness, and the post-void residual urine volumes. In addition, lower urinary tract symptoms, namely frequency, urgency and daytime incontinence, were found to be higher in group 2. In multivariate analysis, post-void residual urine volume and Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptom Score were found to affect reflux resolution rates (P = 0.002, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions The absence of significant post-void residual urine volume, and a low Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptom Score increase the likelihood of spontaneous resolution rates of vesicoureteral reflux in children with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Ongun, Şakir (Balikesir Author), Introduction Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the face-to-face meetings are delayed to a future date, which is still not clear. However, seminars, meetings and conferences are necessary for updating our knowledge and skills. Web-based seminars (webinars) are the solutions to this issue. This study aimed to show the participant behaviour when webinars present at the COVID-19 pandemic era. Methods From December 2017 to July 2020, 58 webinars were broadcasted via the Uropedia, electronic library of SUST. Data of all webinars were collected with the YouTube analytics and application of the Uropedia. Data of streaming webinars included participant behaviours such as content views, engagement time, total unique attendees, average engagement time and the number of audience to leads. Data were split into two groups; group-1 is webinars before COVID-19 (before March 2020) and group-2 is the webinars during COVID-19. Results Total broadcast time and total page view number were found to be 112.6 hours (6761 minutes) and 15 919, respectively. The median participant age was 40.1 y. Median content view and median engagement time were found to be 261.0 and 12.2 minutes, respectively. Comparison of two groups revealed a significant increment in the content views (group-1; 134.0 range = 86.0-87.0 and group-2; 414.0 range = 296.0-602.0, P < .001) and the number of the unique attendees (group 1; 18.0 range = 10.0-26.0 and group-2; 57.0 range = 27.0-100.0, P < .001) following COVID-19. However, the median engagement time of the audience did not seem to change with the COVID-19 pandemic (group-1; 11.5 range = 10.0-13.3 minutes and group-2; 13.2 range = 9.4-18.1 minutes, P = .12). Conclusion The webinars are effective ways to share information and have many advantages, including low cost, reaching a high number of audiences. Audience number and page visits seemed to increase following the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this era did not seem to affect the critical attitude of the audience, which is engagement time.

Objective: Up to 80% of prostate cancer cases are indolentthat pose a minimal risk for morbidity and mortality throughoutthe life of the patient. Cancer-specific survival of the patients justfollowed up and those who received curative treatment were found tobe similar, especially in the low-risk category. Active surveillance wasdescribed to preserve the quality of life of the patients and to protectthem from the side effects of curative treatments. It has become increasinglyused in low and very low risk. Although there are manystudies on this subject with a large number of patients in the literature,we aimed to present our first results in this study. Material andMethods: The data of the patients, that were included in the activesurveillance program between January 2012 and April 2020, were retrospectivelyanalyzed. The patients were diagnosed with low-riskprostate cancer according to D’Amico criteria (International Societyof Urological Pathology grade group 1, prostate-specific antigen

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedure in octogenarians and compare them with the outcomes in a young patient group. Materials and Methods: Patients older than 80 and younger than 90 were included in Group 1, and patients younger than 65 were assigned to Group 2. Group 1 included 45 patients, and Group 2 consisted of 90 patients recruited by one-to-two case-control matching based on gender, stone area, and the number of staghorn stones. Results: The mean patient age was 81.89 +/- 1.70 and 38.7 +/- 12.5 years in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The patients in Group 1 had a significantly higher rate of systemic hypertension. Pre-operative and post-operative serum creatinine levels were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2. The groups did not differ in terms of the preoperative serum hemoglobin level. However, the postoperative serum hemoglobin level was significantly lower in Group 1. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of the rate of blood transfusions. The duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in Group 1. However, the two groups were not different in terms of minor and major complications. The stone-free rates were calculated as 73.3% and 77.8% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. There was no difference between the groups in terms of stone-free rates (p = 0.567). Conclusion: The percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedure is an effective and safe method for treating renal stone disease in octogenarians.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perspectives of radiation oncologists (ROs), medical oncologists (MOs) and urologists (UROs) towards active surveillance (AS) in the management of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS A questionnaire with total of 24 questions was sent out via e-mail to the physicians. 244 participants completed the questionnaire. Pearson Chi square test and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify physicians’ characteristics and attitudes about AS. RESULTS There were 129 UROs (52.9%), 76 ROs (31.1%) and 39 MOs (16%) in the study population. The analysis of the important factors while considering AS showed that prostate cancer risk group (85.7%) was the most commonly considered criteria, followed by patient’s request and compliance (84.8%), life expectancy (76.2%) and sexual activity of the patient (34.8%). The AS was recommended by 86.8% of UROs, 77.6% of ROs and 61.6% of MOs (p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, practicing as ROs (p=0.031) or UROs (p

0000-0002-2863-3112 WOS: 000412462900005 PubMed ID: 28516381 We analyzed the effects of music on pain, anxiety, and overall satisfaction in patients undergoing a shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) procedure. A total of 200 patients scheduled to undergo SWL were included in this study. Group 1 consisted of 95 patients who listened to music during the SWL session while group 2 included 105 patients who did not listen music during the procedure. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess state and trait anxiety (STAI-S/T). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used at the end of the session in order to assess pain, willingness to repeat the procedure, and overall patient satisfaction. Hemodynamic parameters including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after the session. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of stone characteristics, SWL parameters, pre-SWL STAI-T/S scores, and pre-SWL hemodynamic parameters. Post-SWL STAI-S scores were found to be lower in patients who listened to music (p = 0.006). At the end of the SWL, VAS scores of pain, satisfaction, and willingness to repeat procedure were significantly different in favor of the music group (p = 0.007, p = 0.001, p = 0.015, respectively). SBP, DBP, and HR were significantly higher in patients who did not listen to music (p = 0.002, p = 0.024, p = 0.001, respectively). Music can be an ideal adjunctive treatment modality for patients undergoing SWL treatment. It has the potential to enhance patient compliance and treatment satisfaction by reducing the procedure-related anxiety and pain perception.

0000-0003-0238-2236 WOS: 000451975400017 Splenogonadal fusion, which can be clinically confused with testicular neoplasms as they present with testicular swelling, is a rare abnormality in young adults. Intraoperative frozen section analysis can be helpful in diagnosing such cases and preventing unnecessary orchiectomies. We report a case in which frozen section analysis was done and testis-sparing surgery could be performed.