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In Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) cars engine heat management serves as an important factor for the performance of the vehicle. Therefore, a proper design of sidepod is crucial for optimal cooling of the engine since sidepods are designed to direct the airflow through the radiator. Also, since sidepods play an important role in the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle, factors such as drag and lift must also be considered along with the cooling of the engine. This paper brings forth the methodology carried out to design the sidepods effectively. First the optimal radiator angle is determined on which the maximum mass flow rate of air through the radiator core is observed. Angles are varied from 50, 70 and 90 degrees on various orientations with respect to the car. Fixing this radiator angle, various inlet and outlet areas of the sidepod are analyzed. Choosing the model with least drag and lift coefficient the sidepod is analyzed by sealing it at various sides. Finally, the effects of gills are also analyzed for better optimization of the sidepod. The models are designed in Solidworks and the CFD simulations are carried out in Simscale. Half car simulation is performed with symmetry conditions in order to reduce the cell count. The results of the analysis showed that the radiator angled forward with a diverging type sidepod yields in the better cooling of the engine.

Liver Tumour (LT) develops when healthy cells undergo abnormal DNA changes that cause them to grow and divide uncontrollably. In manual examination, evaluation might be changed by the unique perception of the observers, which depends on their expertise and subjectivity. Therefore, computer-aided intelligent tools are established to eliminate subjectivity and increase the performance. To overcome these challenges, a novel Two-fold Segmentation of Liver Tumour (TFSLT) model for accurately detecting the liver tumour using computed tomography (CT) images. Initially, the CT images are pre-processed using Normalized-Modified Anisotropic Diffusion Filtering (NMADF) Algorithm to reduce the noise artifacts. These pre-processed CT images are taken as input to the Canny Edge Detector (CED) for detecting the edges of the liver. Based on these edges, the first-fold segmentation process is performed using the Jaccard metric-based Watershed (JMWS) algorithm to accurately segment the liver region. Improved Deep Neural Network (IDNN) is utilized to classify the LT into normal, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Cholangio carcinoma (CC) and Metastatic tumour (MT). Modified Elephant Herd Optimization (MEHO) algorithm for the MEHO algorithm for selecting the features of the images. Finally, the Improved Expectation-Maximization (IEM) Algorithm as second-fold segmentation process to segment the different abnormal classes. The performance of the proposed TFSLT approach is assessed using the specific metrics like recall, precision, specificity, accuracy and F1 score. The experimental findings reveal that the proposed TFSLT approach achieves a better accuracy range of 99.57% for detecting LT in its early stages.

Kerala had witnessed a massive disaster in the form of a flood in 2018. The collective efforts and contribution of the youth in rescuing and rehabilitation were notable.The current investigation aims to gauge the connection between death attitudes, volunteering motives, and sociodemographic variables among youth in Kerala.The 150 participants who had volunteered to offer help in flood relief camps and rehabilitation programs from 3 districts in Kerala were given Voluntary Function Inventory (Clary et al., 1998) and Death Attitude Profile-Revised (Wong et al., 1994).Results of the study suggest that neutral acceptance of death attitude is positively related to volunteering motives. Likewise, volunteering motives vary significantly according to gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, and health perception, while death attitude differs significantly based on religion. This study directly implies terror management theory, which states that when reminded of their mortality, people intensify the desire to express culturally prescribed prosocial attitudes and engage in more volunteering behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Water shortage is one of the most difficult issues confronting people all over the world. Rapid urbanization and water scarcity necessitate immediate action to improve sustainable water management without jeopardizing global socioeconomic growth. Thus, conventional water treatments are implemented for the purpose of eradicating various pollutants in wastewater. Traditional water treatment methods, whether in water treatment facilities or reverse osmosis (RO) plants, have run across a number of roadblocks that have significantly hampered their performance and efficiency. Integrating the membrane process with other remediation technologies in a hybrid process is a novel technique to improve contaminant extraction efficiency for our target streams. This process is termed the hybrid membrane process (HMP). On this aspect, this paper would highlight the benefits of using the HMP compared to conventional methodologies and their applications conducted in various sectors around the world. Some case studies are also reviewed illustrating its cost analysis in comparison to conventional methodologies accentuating the merits of using HMPs.

A 48-year-old female, known to be diabetic and hypertensive presented with chronic intermittent abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant for 2 years. The ache was dull and colicky, which was on and off in nature. It has been worsened in the previous 2 months and sometimes associated with nausea and diarrhoea during the onset. She also reported that pain increases during food intake and sometimes it was radiating to the left lumbar region. There was no history of other associated symptoms and no history of any abdominal surgeries. Family history were unremarkable. On examination patient was alert, conscious and oriented with normal vitals. Per abdomen was soft and distended, mild tenderness over epigastrium and left hypochondrium. There was no guarding or rigidity, no mass palpable or organomegaly. Other systems were within normal limits and laboratory tests showed normal findings. Patient had taken USG abdomen initially and it was found to be normal. Later CECT abdomen taken which showed cluster of bowel loops seen in continuation with proximal jejunal loops in the region of anterior pararenal space on left side, which was suggestive of paraduodenal hernia. Small bowel barium study also done which showed cluster of jejunal loops on the left side of upper abdomen.

Padina boergesenii is a distinctive small brown algae with rounded fronds growing to a length and diameter of 04 to 06 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in). P. boergesenii is widely present in the shallow water of tropical, subtropical and warm temperate areas. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities of crude ethyl acetate extract of P. boergesenii. Anti-bacterial activity of crude ethyl acetate extract of P. boergesenii against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was determined using the well diffusion method. MIC of P. boergesenii against biofilm was carried out by the Resazurin method. Antioxidant potential was assessed by DPPH, FRAP, and the Hydrogen peroxide scavenging method. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using the albumin denaturation and heat-induced hemolysis method. Cytotoxicity activity of P. boergesenii against cell line L929 was analyzed by MTT assay. The maximum zone of inhibition obtained was 23 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, followed by 21 mm for Escherichia coli. Biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis showed higher resistance (MIC= 25.00±00.00 mg/mL). Biofilm of Acinetobacter baumannii was found to be most susceptible (MIC= 06.25±00.00 mg/mL). The IC50 value for the crude ethyl acetate extract P. boergesenii was 155.5 μg/mL for the DPPH method, 1567.18 μg/mL for the FRAP method, and 3098.27 μg/mL for the H2O2 method. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory studies exhibited IC50= 122.33 μg/mL and 2522.40 μg/mL for albumin denaturation assay and heat-induced hemolysis method respectively. The crude ethyl acetate extract of P. boergesenii showed cytotoxicity against the growth of the L929 cell line. The present study suggested that the crude ethyl acetate extract P. boergesenii has potent antibacterial, anti-biofilm, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities. The bioactive components present in the P. boergesenii extract can be a promising source for pharmaceuticals.

In this work, amine-Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) were reinforced on the surface of fiber fabric by solvent spray deposition method in order to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of carbon fiber/polycarbonate film (CF/PC) stacked composites. The hot press method was used to fabricate the CF/PC composites with varied NH2-MWCNTs concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt.%, as well as the reference composite. The multifarious assembly features of Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the fiber surface exhibit greater interfacial mechanics and have a major influence on the load transfer efficiency of the composite. In comparison with reference CF/PC composite, the tensile strength (384.55 MPa) and modulus (23.78 GPa) of composites increase by 67% and 40% respectively for 0.1% NH2-MWCNT reinforcement, whereas flexural strength and flexural modulus increase by 98% and 80%. However, as compared to the 0.1% CNT reinforcement, the impact strength of the 0.7% increases over 6% by absorbing substantial fracture energy. The inclusion of MWCNTs lowers the glass transition temperature (Tg) of composites due to the role of molecular conformations in free surface volume of the polymer. X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FTIR analysis confirms the functional groups present in the nanocomposite. Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to analyze the dispersion and adhesion surface morphology of MWCNTs on fiber and the fiber/matrix interface interaction fractograph of tensile and impact tested samples.

Neuroimaging is an important adjunct to the clinical assessment of Parkinson disease (PD). Parkinsonism can be challenging to differentiate, especially in early disease stages, when it mimics other movement disorders or when there is a poor response to dopaminergic therapies. There is also a discrepancy between the phenotypic presentation of degenerative parkinsonism and the pathological outcome. The emergence of more sophisticated and accessible neuroimaging can identify molecular mechanisms of PD, the variation between clinical phenotypes, and the compensatory mechanisms that occur with disease progression. Ultra-high-field imaging techniques have improved spatial resolution and contrast that can detect microstructural changes, disruptions in neural pathways, and metabolic and blood flow alterations. We highlight the imaging modalities that can be accessed in clinical practice and recommend an approach to the diagnosis of clinically uncertain parkinsonism.

PurposeIncreased demand for new batteries and strict government protocols have stressed the battery industries to collect and recycle used batteries for economic and environmental benefits. This scenario has forced the battery industries to collect used batteries and establish the formal battery recycling plant (BRP) for effective recycling. The starting of BRP includes several strategic decisions, one of the most critical decisions encountered is to find the best sustainable location for BRP. Hence, this paper aims to address the complexity of the issues faced during the BRP location selection through a hybrid framework.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the criteria are identified under socio-cultural, technical, environmental, economic and policy and legal (STEEP) dimensions through literature review and experts' opinions. Then, the hybrid methodology integrating fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), best worst method (BWM) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) has been proposed to find the inter-relationship between criteria, the weights of criteria and the best alternative.FindingsThe identified five main criteria and 26 sub-criteria have been analyzed through fuzzy DEMATEL, and found that the policy and legal criteria have more inter-relationship with other criteria. Then from BWM results, it is found that the support from government bodies has attained the maximum weightage. Finally, the second alternative has been identified as a more suitable location for establishing BRP using TOPSIS. Further, it is found from the results that the support from government bodies, the impact of emissions, availability of basic facilities and community health are the essential criteria under STEEP dimensions for establishing BRP.Originality/valueIn addition to the various existing sustainable criteria, this study has also considered a set of policy and legal criteria for the evaluation of locations for BRP. Further, the hybrid MCDM method has been proposed in this study for selecting the best alternative. Thus, this study has yielded more insights to the decision-makers in choosing a sustainable location for BRP.

The novel MgO implanted ZnO offering a higher number of favorable weak basic sites improved fructose productivity and exhibited durability.

The rise of event streaming in financial services is growing like crazy. Continuous real-time data integration and AI processing are mandatory for many use cases. Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision.

A creatinine sensor was developed involving the use of a simple yet effective alternative to the commonly utilized Pd/Cu2O/PPy nanocomposite. A Pd/Cu2O/PPy/GCE newer electrode was fabricated for creatinine detection.

The scientific advancement in urbanised locations with the relation of the lower classes and discovery to Secularized culture is boosting the growth of food delivery applications and restaurant industries in India. The convenience of users is the primary objective aspect of such, while the second thing that these software's are also beneficial for the development of the market in eating and food supply, as the use of the online platform is a place where the restaurant owner is prepared to attract as many users as he can by allowing them to see the entire food menu in accordance with item name, price, photo, etc. Apps for food delivery have proven to be a big success in India as people are very well about all its operations and services. As one can order food for any type of occasion, it is one of the most comfortable and trusted options available. This helps to save time, resources, fuel and efforts for people, which is one of the key reasons why this industry is thriving and will tend to do so. Therefore, part of my initiative would be to review the theoretical background in various aspects of food sector apps, business models and various factors affecting adoption of food delivery apps that have never been addressed before.

The concept of soil reinforcement is commonly used in geotechnical engineering. In the past, metallic grid reinforcements were employed to reinforce geotechnical constructions with the concept, but more recently, synthetic reinforcements have been used. Researchers regularly used reinforced sand as a foundation material. However, with the proper reinforcement, other industrial waste products including fly ash, bottom ash, and red mud can also be used as a foundation material because they have a non-plastic nature similar to that of sand. Ash from power plants is considered waste. Geosynthetic reinforced bottom ash is an effective composite material that can be used as a building material for numerous geotechnical engineering applications. Geogrid placed at D/B = 0.5 is found to be more effective than geogrid placed at D/B = 1 and D/B = 1.5. Bottom ash shows less settlement when compared to sand in both reinforced and unreinforced case

Statistical tools such as analysis of variance, correlation, path coefficient analysis, Scott-Knott test and principal component analysis were used in the present study to characterize black pepper verities/hybrids for spike and berry traits. ANOVA indicated that fifteen traits under study were statistically significant. Traits like fresh pericarp weight and dry pericarp weight showed high positive correlation (>0.95) with spike weight. Path coefficient analysis revealed that berry weight and seed size are contributing directly to spike weight. Scott-Knott test identified Panniyur-1 and Nedumchola as the most contrasting genotypes for most number of traits studied. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), first three principal components had an eigen value above unity and explained 88 per cent of cumulative variation. Principal component PC-1 accounted for maximum variation of about 42.4 percent which discriminated the genotypes based on fresh berry weight, dry seed weight and fresh pericarp weight. These traits serve as the selection criteria for improvement of yield in black pepper.

A 63-year-old male patient, who had a severely resorbed edentulous maxillary arch and partially edentulous mandibular arch decided on the implant-supported fixed treatment option to replace the edentulous maxillary arch. The fully guided implant placement that utilizes the computer-generated guide is more accurate than traditional surgical guides and free-hand placements. The researchers have correlated possible implant failure risk factors with age, sex, smoking, type of edentulism, bone quality and volume, implant location, angulation, diameter, length, and various systemic factors. This case report demonstrated the failure cause of virtually planned anterior implants in All-on-4 and how to manage it by free-hand surgery without surgical guides.

Schwannoma or neurilemmoma is an uncommon, benign peripheral nerve tumor derived from Schwann cells. It is usually a slow growing, asymptomatic, well encapsulated tumor that arises in association with a nerve trunk.Here we present a rare case of Ancient Schwannoma in a 20 year old male. The patient presented with a small, slow growing asymptomatic mass on the dorsal surface of the tongue, present since past 1year. Lesion was completely excised. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

In sexual assaults the presence of semen on the crime scene, victim or suspect’s belongings acts as crucial evidence for establishing the occurrence of the crime. Fabrics are a common piece of evidence obtained at such crime scenes. The detection of seminal stain on a fabric depends on various factors such as absorption by the fabric, the colour and texture of fabric, the age of the stain, environmental conditions, etc. The current study was conducted on three different types of fabrics: cotton, nylon and denim and were exposed to a temperature of 25˚C for four different time durations- 1 day (24 hours), 3 days (72 hours), 5 days (120 hours) and 7 days (168 hours). Three different tests were performed on the samples to be tested. Accordingly, fluorescence test, Barberio’s test and Christmas tree staining test were carried out. It was determined that the fluorescence of the seminal stain increased with increasing time duration. The observations made in Barberio test was however, not seen to be affected by the time intervals. It was also observed

The present study aimed at developing novel encapsulate materials of calcium-alginate and β-lactoglobulin complex for polyphenols using the jet-flow nozzle vibration method. Encapsulated microbeads were characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and MSI. The encapsulation efficiency of the microbeads varied depending upon the coating material in the range of 74.17–84.87%. Calcium-alginate-β-lactoglobulin microbeads (CABM) exhibited a smooth surface and uniform shape with an average particle size of 1053.73 nm. CABM also showed better thermal and storage stabilities as compared to calcium alginate microbeads. The CABM resulted in excellent target release of polyphenols (84%) in the intestine, which was more than 3-fold the bio-accessibility offered by free polyphenol powder. Further study on individual phenolic acids after simulated in-vitro digestion (SIVD), photo-oxidative and osmotic stress revealed that CABM significantly retained a higher amount of polyphenols and exhibited improved antioxidant capacity after SIVD environment, and may have high industrial application for nutraceutical production.

Green energy definition, Source of Green energy, India’ s Energy scenario and demand of Renewable energy, Green energy types, Renewable Energy -outlook, Financing option for Green Energy and Importance of Green Energy. Green Energy is the primary source of reducing the India’s Carbon foot print.

In this study, the antioxidative activity and polyphenolic content of Syzygium aromaticum’s flower bud were compared under different extraction solvents including chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous. The antioxidant activity was assessed via established in vitro assay models such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, NO- radical scavenging assay, H2O2 scavenging assay and Fe3+ reducing capacity. Total phenolic content was measured according to Folin–Ciocalteu’s method, and total flavonoid content was estimated by using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The results showed that aqueous extract possessed the highest TPC ( 19.11 ± 2.76 mg GAE/g DW) and TFC ( 15.32 ± 1.53 mg CtE/g DW). Among the extracts, methanol extract exerted the strongest radical DPPH quenching activity with an IC50 value of 303.56 ± 13.14 μg/mL. The highest NO- radical scavenging activity was shown by methanol extract (IC50 192.94 ± 1.9 μg/mL) which is stronger than BHT (IC50 247.64 ± 12.89 μg/mL). Methanol extract showed a strong H2O2 scavenging activity (IC50 233.71 ± 3.72 μg/mL). The highest Fe3+ reducing capacity was shown by methanol extract ( Absorbance = 0.36 ± 0.05 ). Strong and positive correlations were observed between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant assays. The results of the present work revealed that the tested spice demonstrated high antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Thus, this spice is worth considering as important source of natural antioxidant agents.

The present study aimed to assess the effects of raw (RGNH), ethanol-extracted (EEGNH), and acid-treated (ATGNH) groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) husk for removal of chromium from tannery effluent from the Mojo tannery industry, Ethiopia. The effects of biosorbent dose, agitation speed, and contact time of heavy metal on biosorbent were measured. The percentage removal of chromium was examined by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). Functional group characteristics of the biosorbents were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The results indicated that at low doses (2 g), acid-treated groundnut husk (ATGNH) exhibited the highest removal efficiency (89.93%), whereas at a high dose (4 g), the raw groundnut husk (RGNH) has a potential removal efficiency (91.03%). The least removal efficiency was displayed by ethanol-extracted groundnut husk (EEGNH) (65.43%) at a dose of 3 g. Relating to the contact time, the highest chromium removal (94.41%) was exhibited by ATGNH with a 1-hour contact time. However, as contact time increased from 2 to 4 hours, there was a general decrease in the efficiency of biosorption. The removal of chromium by RGNH and EEGNH increased as contact time increased from 1 to 3 hours. The highest chromium removal (90.02%) was observed with ATGNH at 160 rpm agitation speed.

Consistently, many bugs are raised, which are not completely settled, and countless designers are utilizing open sources or outsider assets, which prompts security issues. Bug-triage is the impending mechanized bug report framework to appoint individual security teams for a more than adequate pace of bug reports submitted from various IDEs inside the association (on-premises). We can lessen the time and cost of bug following and allocate it to the fitting group by foreseeing which division it has a place in within an association. In this paper, the authors are executing an automatic bug tracking system (ABTS) to allocate the group for the revealed bug involving the text examination for bug naming and characterization AI calculation for anticipating designer. Hybrid natural language processing and machine learning techniques are used for automatic bug identification to improve the performance of software organization products.