Search

Actual problems of toponymy imply the study of individual words in order to restore the conceptual meaning of geographical names lost, to find out how they reflected the characteristic features of the terrain, the type of ac-tivity of the people inhabiting it, etc. The purpose of the study is to determine the origin of the toponym Moskva by using artificial intelligence methods. The GeoWAC fastText embedding model based on the corpus of Russian-language texts of the RusVecteres service is used to calculate semantic similarity between words. The model assumes defining the semantic associates of toponyms by using the vector representation of words in the semantic space and finding the lexical vectors most closely located to the vector of the original word. To analyze a toponym there is applied a methods of semantic associates, a cluster analysis, a combined method based on the method of transformation of a word with a lost meaning and the analysis of semantic associates for a set of word transformants. The method is formalized by using a model that determines the similarity of the studied word and associates based on different versions of the model for one or more text corpora. The associated words obtained by the artificial intelligence are considered as a semantic cluster, and the calculated cosine similarity between vectors is considered as a measure of the similarity of elements in the cluster. To identify various hypotheses of the origin of the toponym Moskva there has been carried out a cluster analysis of the totality of the first ten vector associates for all transformants of this word. As a result, four hypotheses were advanced: “a famous man”, “firearms”, “beekeeping”, “blood-sucking insects”. The probabilities of the occurrence of these hypotheses are based on the study of the frequency of words in the corpus of the language. The main hypothesis is a “famous person”.

Essential issues of toponymy presuppose studying separate words to reconstruct the denotative meaning of geographical names that were lost in the modern language and to find out how the peculiarities of the local topography, the inhabitants’ activities, etc. are reflected in them. It is possible to solve this kind of problems using intellectual methods of data analysis on the basis of information technologies. However, in scientific literature on toponymy, such methods are practically ignored. The article is devoted to the study of the origin and semantic meanings of geographical names based on finding semantic associates and calculating the semantic similarity of words using the embedding model. According to the proposed method, the origin of some toponyms of the Irkutsk region was determined, their semantic relations were revealed. The dichotomy method was used for toponyms that have two roots in their structure. This made it possible to improve the operation of the model by clarifying the morphemic composition of the original word. The method of word transformation was used to determine the etymology of the toponym «Moscow». We have received new versions of the origin of the toponym. It is shown that the application of the methods based on distributive semantics and vector representation of words, obtained on the basis of large arrays of text data, significantly expands the possibilities of research in the field of determining the origin of toponyms and clarifying their meaning.

An increase in the strength of steels is associated with a decrease in the content of impurities, which have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of steels. One of those impurities is hydrogen. It is known that at ultrahigh frequencies, due to the peculiarities of the distribution of alternating current over the cross section of a metal conductor, the conductivity is carried out by a thin surface layer (skin-effect). We present the results of using high-frequency currents for determination of the hydrogen content in a metal. The absorption of hydrogen by thin subsurface layers of steel is determined proceeding from a change in the voltage drop across the samples which depends on the resistance of the layers. The voltage drop as a function of the alternating current frequency is measured using a high-frequency generator, an HF-voltmeter, and an HF-galvanometer. Wire samples made of high-quality U8A carbon steel were used during testing procedure. At the same time, the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the steel was determined by the method of anodic dissolution. It is shown that the cathode-introduced hydrogen is unevenly distributed over the cross section of the sample. During the aging of cathodic hydrogenated steels of a U8A type, hydrogen diffusion from steels into the air takes place with an insignificant penetration of hydrogen into the deeper metal layers. Moreover, the hydrogen content and the resistance of the subsurface layers of the material increase with an increase in the current density during cathodic polarization. The results obtained can be used in nondestructive testing of the degree of hydrogenation of ferromagnetic products.

The uncontrolled course of bronchial asthma (BA) in children and insufficient efficacy of standard therapy regimens may be due to underestimated infectious factors. The objective: to study specific parameters of the course and treatment of mycoplasma infection, improve monitoring over BA therapy in children of the tender and preschool age. Subjects and methods. 320 children with BA in the age from 1 to 7 years old were followed up. In this work, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (FH), Mycoplasma hominis (H-34), Ureaplasma urealyticum (serotype 8), Mycoplasma fermentans (PG18) and Mycoplasma arthritidis (PG6) were used, they were cultured on a liquid medium for cultivation of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. To isolate CIC from blood serum samples, we used the method of precipitation with 3.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG, 6000 Da), hemagglutination assays and IFA were used to identify mycoplasma antigens, mycoplasma DNA was detected by PCR with InterLabService diagnostic kits. The data of 47 patients with prolonged mycoplasma antigenemia were assessed at the baseline and in 1.5-3 months after the treatment course of azithromycin.Results. 320 blood serum samples from children with BA were tested, and the detection rate by hemagglutination assays of M. pneumoniae antigens was 60.9%, M. hominis – 43.4%, U. urealyticum – 44.8%, M. arthritidis – 29.7%, M. fermentrans – 45.3%. The assessment of relationship between of M. pneumoniae, M. hominis and asthma exacerbation showed that antigens of M. pneumoniae and M. hominis were found in 216 children (single or associated). After treatment with azithromycin, the frequency of BA exacerbations within 3 months decreased by 2.4 times, as well as there was a reduction in the number of samples positive for antigens and DNA of mycoplasma in a free state and within CIC. The persistence of antigens, DNA of M. pneumoniae and M. hominis before treatment of 47 children was 80.9 and 66.0% of cases, after treatment with azithromycin – 31.9 and 25.5% of cases, respectively (p < 0.001). Within CIC isolated from the blood serum of patients, antigens to M. pneumoniae and M. hominis before treatment were detected by IFA in 63.8 and 70.2% of children, after treatment – in 31.9 and 23.4%, respectively. p < 0.001. In blood samples, DNA of M. pneumoniae and M. hominis was detected by PCR before treatment in 8.5 and 34.0%; after treatment in 6.4% (p = 0.318) and 19.1% of cases, respectively (p = 0.009), and within CIC isolated from blood serum, in 27.7 and 48.9% of cases before treatment and 8.5 and 34.0% after it, respectively (p = 0.009).

Many biological studies require the analysis of ultrastructural changes at the level of cell organelles and macromolecules. Since the resolution of modern confocal microscope is limited by the diffraction limit (200–300 nm), it is impossible to study such small objects using standard fluorescence microscopy. Ultra-high resolution microscopy methods require expensive equipment and are technically difficult in use, which in turn limits their widespread practical application. However, recently appeared methods make it possible to increase the resolution of microscopy not by improving the image registration system, but by physically isotropic expansion of a biological sample using a controlled chemical process. Due to this method, called expansion or expansive microscopy (ExM), it became possible to obtain three-dimensional images of samples with a resolution sufficient to study individual cell organelles using a conventional confocal microscope. This review covers the history of this method, its basic principles and examples of use in various fields of biology and medicine, as well as reflects future directions for improving this technology. The article discusses the methodological features of the ExM application in a study of brain tissue samples using the algorithm that allows adaptation of the standard protocol to the goals and objectives of a particular study.

The paper presents the results of classification of the short technical texts on the purpose of instruments using fuzzy sets theory and fuzzy logic. An important stage in designing special-purpose technical systems is the choice of equipment with specific operational characteristics. The need to categorize short technical texts, which present a brief description of equipment, annotations, fragments of databases, appears due to the fact that information about the equipment found in thematic abstract collections, technical and design documentation or in contextual advertising is often not structured and scattered. The other problems are a large number of typos, incorrect word usage and definitions in the texts. Much attention is paid to the characteristics of the objects of research and to recording their specific features – a large number of technical terms, abbreviations, symbols. The classifying technique is described, the expediency of application of fuzzy inference of Sugeno system associated with fuzziness of the natural language, the simplicity of mathematical calculations in the course of the experiment. A Sugeno model combines the description of the objects of research in the form of linguistic rules and functional dependencies. This approach greatly facilitates the interpretation of classification results

One of the problems of sustainable development is the technologies improvement for the rational use of wood and other raw materials of plant origin. The literature reflects a large amount of applied research that was conducted to justify new technologies for the production of particle boards (PB). The main attention in the known works is paid to the influence of the particle size distribution on the strength of PB. The influence of particle shape on the PB strength has been studied to a lesser extent. In this regard, this article considers the influence of the shape and size of particles on the tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the PB. A geometric analysis of the particle shape is performed. It was taken into account that the PB strength depends on the shape and size of the particles, as well as on the number of adhesive contacts between particles. To obtain quantitative estimates, formulas were substantiated confirming that an increase in the length of the particles and a decrease in their transverse dimensions lead to an increase in the PB strength. Experimental research methods were used, and mathematical modeling of the sample failure area was performed.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCH) is included in guidelines for treatment of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Data on increased risk of cardiovascular complications when using it have been published. Aim. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of HCH and azithromycine (AZM) combination for the treatment of the patients with COVID-19 in recommended by Russian Ministry of Health doses in real practice.Methods. 132 patients (62 men and 70 women of average age 59.2 ± 9.3 years), 59% of whom had cardiovascular comorbidities, were included in prospective сohort study. 112 patients took HCH + AZM (group 1) and 20 patients took other medications without potential cardiotoxicity (group 2). At the admission to the hospital and after 5–7 days of the treatment corrected QT interval was calculated, new rhythm and conduction disorders, other side effects and hospital mortality have been registering. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results. Elongation of corrected QT-interval within the normal range was registered in 22.3% of patients in group 1 and in 15% — in group 2. An increase in the QT length to the upper limit of the norm (480 msec) was observed in 1.8% of patients in group 1. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the number of patients with prolonged QT interval (RR = 1.488, 95% CI: 0.496–4.466, р = 0.478). The occurrence of new arrhythmias, conduction disturbances and allergic reactions was not recorded. Tolerability of combination HCH + AZM was satisfactory in the majority of patients. The hospital mortality in group 1 was 1.8%, in group 2 — 5% without statistically significant difference (p = 0.374). Conclusion. A combination of HCL + AZM according to the scheme recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the treatment of the patients with COVID-19 and cardiovascular comorbidity in inpatient conditions is safe.

Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections of the urogenital tract. A new form of M. hominis colonies (microcolonies) was isolated, that differed from typical colonies by morphology, size, growth rate, and resistance to unfavorable factors, in particular, to antibiotics. The formation of microcolonies is associated with a switch in energy metabolism towards nucleoside utilization, which leads to a decrease in energy production and a transition to a persistor-like state. Typical and microcolony cultures of M. hominis H-34 were obtained and a comparative analysis of their adhesive-invasive potential, morphology, and size was carried out. It was shown that both typical and microcolonies can effectively attach and penetrate into HeLa cells. Unlike microcolonies, the morphology and size of cells in typical colonies change significantly after HeLa infection. This indicates functional changes in cells of typical colonies during infection.

When using cathodic protection of steel in sea water, hydrogen can be accumulated on the cathode surface and penetrate deep into the metal. This rather dangerous phenomenon of hydrogen corrosion can lead to hydrogen embrittlement, i.e., to destruction of the metal. We present the results of studying the impact of the temperature and external tensile stresses on the hydrogenation of cathodically protected steel in calm and mobile Baltic sea water. Dependence of the inhibitory hydrogenation on the temperature and applied load under the action of benzenesulfapyridine chloride as an inhibitor was analyzed. An MIP-102 machine (wire samples) and special equipment (half-ring and plate lamellar samples) were used to provide smooth control of the applied load set by the deflection and controlled by dynamometers (lamellar samples were tested under constant deformation). When studying the effect of temperature on steel hydrogenation, the working cell was thermostatically controlled. The wire and plate samples were polarized for 96 h, and half-ring samples for 1 h. The potential was measured with respect to the silver chloride reference electrode. The layered distribution of absorbed hydrogen in the metal was determined using anodic dissolution. It is shown that external tensile stresses increase the hydrogen content in the surface layers of steel. Hydrogen absorbed by a metal changes the potential of the steel surface (the more absorbed hydrogen, the stronger change). It is also shown that hydrogen is absorbed by the metal more actively in moving seawater than in calm water, and an increase in the load contributes to an increase in hydrogen content in the metal both in calm and mobile seawater. However, the load did not affect the hydrogen absorption with the inhibitor present, thus providing reduction of the hydrogen content in the metal under loading.

Background. Guar or clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is an annual leguminous plant cultivated for feed, food and industrial purposes. Its seed endosperm is used to extract guar gum, so the guar genetic resources stored in the VIR collection are of strategic importance for the import substitution policy in Russia in the context of their prospective introduction into cultivation in the country’s southern areas. Most of the guar accessions had been preserved by VIR for 40 years or more, so the task was to assess their germination rates and restore their viability. In the process of screening, seed quality parameters of the accessions were examined and analyzed.Materials and methods. VIR’s collection of C. tetragonoloba, initiated by N. I. Vavilov, now contains 111 accessions. Percentage seed viability, germination energy and seed hardness were evaluated in the Long-Term Storage Laboratory for 50 accessions reproduced in 2018 and for 263 older reproductions of 89 guar accessions. In total, 313 seed samples reproduced across 18 different years were analyzed. Statistica 10 software was used to perform a single-factor analysis of variance and find out how germination energy, seed viability and seed hardness correlated with the age of seeds, mean monthly temperature and mean rainfall during the growing season.Results and discussion. After more than 40 years of storage, the guar accessions did not entirely lost their viability under laboratory and field conditions. Very high positive correlations were found for their percentage viability and germination energy with the mean monthly temperature in the year of reproduction. A weak positive correlation was observed between seed hardness and the year of reproduction. Correlations between seed viability and rainfall during the growing season were weak, with a weak negative correlation between seed hardness and rainfall. The viability level of 30-year-old seeds was 50%, so guar may be regarded as belonging to the group of macrobiotic plants.

EB3 protein is expressed abundantly in the nervous system and transiently enters the dendritic spines at the tip of the growing microtubule, which leads to spine enlargement. Nevertheless, the role of dynamic microtubules, and particularly EB3 protein, in synapse function is still elusive. By manipulating the EB3 expression level, we have shown that this protein is required for a normal dendritogenesis. Nonetheless, EB3 overexpression also reduces hippocampal neurons dendritic branching and total dendritic length. This effect likely occurs due to the speeding neuronal development cycle from dendrite outgrowth to the step when dendritic spines are forming. Implementing direct morphometric characterization of dendritic spines, we showed that EB3 overexpression leads to a dramatic increase in the dendritic spine head area. EB3 knockout oppositely reduces spine head area and increases spine neck length and spine neck/spine length ratio. The same effect is observed in conditions of amyloid-beta toxicity, modeling Alzheimer`s disease. Neck elongation is supposed to be a common detrimental effect on the spine’s shape, which makes them biochemically and electrically less connected to the dendrite. EB3 also potentiates the formation of presynaptic protein Synapsin clusters and CaMKII-alpha preferential localization in spines rather than in dendrites of hippocampal neurons, while its downregulation has an opposite effect and reduces the size of presynaptic protein clusters Synapsin and PSD95. EB3′s role in spine development and maturation determines its neuroprotective effect. EB3 overexpression makes dendritic spines resilient to amyloid-beta toxicity, restores altered PSD95 clustering, and reduces CaMKII-alpha localization in spines observed in this pathological state.

Introduction. Mycoplasma hominis is a bacterium belonging to the class Mollicutes . It causes acute and chronic infections of the urogenital tract. The main features of this bacterium are an absence of cell wall and a reduced genome size (517–622 protein-encoding genes). Previously, we have isolated morphologically unknown M. hominis colonies called micro-colonies (MCs) from the serum of patients with inflammatory urogenital tract infection. Hypothesis. MCs are functionally different from the typical colonies (TCs) in terms of metabolism and cell division. Aim. To determine the physiological differences between MCs and TCs of M. hominis and elucidate the pathways of formation and growth of MCs by a comparative proteomic analysis of these two morphological forms. Methodology. LC–MS proteomic analysis of TCs and MCs using an Ultimate 3000 RSLC nanoHPLC system connected to a QExactive Plus mass spectrometer. Results. The study of the proteomic profiles of M. hominis colonies allowed us to reconstruct their energy metabolism pathways. In addition to the already known pentose phosphate and arginine deamination pathways, M. hominis can utilise ribose phosphate and deoxyribose phosphate formed by nucleoside catabolism as energy sources. Comparative proteomic HPLC–MS analysis revealed that the proteomic profiles of TCs and MCs were different. We assume that MC cells preferably utilised deoxyribonucleosides, particularly thymidine, as an energy source rather than arginine or ribonucleosides. Utilisation of deoxyribonucleosides is less efficient as compared with that of ribonucleosides and arginine in terms of energy production. Thymidine phosphorylase DeoA is one of the key enzymes of deoxyribonucleosides utilisation. We obtained a DeoA overexpressing mutant that exhibited a phenotype similar to that of MCs, which confirmed our hypothesis. Conclusion. In addition to the two known pathways for energy production (arginine deamination and the pentose phosphate pathway) M. hominis can use deoxyribonucleosides and ribonucleosides. MC cells demonstrate a reorganisation of energy metabolism: unlike TC cells, they preferably utilise deoxyribonucleosides, particularly thymidine, as an energy source rather than arginine or ribonucleosides. Thus MC cells enter a state of energy starvation, which helps them to survive under stress, and in particular, to be resistant to antibiotics.

Aim - improvement of efficiency assessment methods of therapy of mycoplasma infection in children with bronchial asthma. The effectiveness of treatment of mycoplasma infection in the period of exacerbation of bronchial asthma in 250 children, aged 1 to 7 years, was evaluated. The children were on basic therapy and received treatment with azithromycin: three courses at a dose of 10 mg/kg of weight for 3 days with an interval of 4 days 5-7 days. Microbiological (culturing), immunological (DIF, AHAA), and genetic (PCR) methods were used to identify mycoplasma markers. The main focus was on identifying two species - M. pneumoniae and M. hominis, most commonly found in mycoplasma respiratory infections, including bronchial asthma. In 250 children with bronchial asthma, antigens of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma arthritidis and Mycoplasma fermentrans were detected in 62,8%, 42,8%, 46,8 %, 31,6%, 45,6% of cases, respectively. A detailed study of the presence of M. pneumoniae and M. hominis antigens in the blood of 83 children with bronchial asthma showed that before treatment, the detection rate of M. pneumoniae and M. hominis antigens was 67.5% and 50.6%, respectively, in the CIC - 65.1% and 61.5%, DNA in the blood serum - 4.8% and 16.9%, and in the CIC - 27.7% and 32.5%, respectively. From 7 CIC samples containing M. hominis DNA and 2 CIC samples containing M. pneumoniae DNA, atypical cultures of "mini-colonies" of M. hominis and M. pneumoniae were isolated, the specificity of which was confirmed not only by DIF and PCR, but also by the ability to grow on a solid medium for mycoplasmas. After treatment by azithromycin, the number of positive tests on antigens and DNA in free state and in structure of CIC significantly decreased. The identification of specific markers of mycoplasma cells in the comprehensive diagnostics of mycoplasma infection in children with exacerbation of asthma, increases the effectiveness of therapy control for mycoplasma infection and improves the prognosis of bronchial asthma in patients.

This paper reports a study of biofilm formation by the Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) strain Fh on an abiotic surface using light and electron microscopy. Quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of biofilm formation was carried out in polystyrene plates with crystal-Violet cell staining. To study the ultrastructural organization of the Mp cells, scanning electron microscopy was used, which allowed a well-formed multicellular clearly defined structure of considerable size to be revealed by the third day of culturing in which Mp cells were submerged into the extracellular matrix with a clearly detectable system of pores. The morphology of the detected aggregations was absolutely identical to that of the biofilms described for other microorganisms, which confirmed that Mp had the ability to to form biofilms. The described phenomenon of the ability of Mp to grow in the form of the biofilm is of great importance both for understanding the causes of the long-term persistence of Mp in the human organism and for the development of new approaches for the treatment of protracted and chronic forms of infectious diseases caused by Mp.

Öz bulunamadı.

Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause acute and chronic infections of the urogenital tract. This bacterium, like all other Mycoplasma species, is characterized by the reduced genome size, and, consequently, reduction of the main metabolic pathways. M. hominis cells cannot effectively use glucose as a carbon and energy source. Therefore, the main pathway of energy metabolism is the arginine dihydrolase pathway. However, several bacteria can use nucleosides as the sole energy source. Biochemical studies using Salmonella typhimurium have shown that three enzymes (thymidine phosphorylase, phosphopentose mutase and deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase) are involved in the thymidine catabolic pathway. All these enzymes are present in M. hominis. For understanding changes in the energy metabolism of M. hominis we performed shotgun proteome analysis of M. hominis cells in liquid medium with arginine or thymidine as a carbon source. LC-MS analysis was performed with an Ultimate 3000 Nano LC System (Thermo Fisher Scientific) coupled to a Q Exactive HF benchtop Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) via a nanoelectrospray source (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018714 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/projects/PXD018714).

The actual problem of development of creative abilities of students in the context of project and educational activity is considered. It is emphasized that the solution of the problem is reflected in the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education. From the authors’ point of view, educational project is a didactic tool, student activities of cognitive, creative or game character, carrying out at a collective level and involving a common goal and a coordinated methodology. Based on the works of modern researchers, the levels of disclosure of creative abilities of students are determined, representing the degree of independence, mobility, adaptive resources of intelligence and other individual properties essential for the full development of the student. It is noted that the most productive vector of work for the disclosure of students’ creative potential is the formation of a system of psychological and pedagogical factors that allow the student to take a firm individual position in overcoming the difficulties that occur in the context of design activities, and solve them in a creative way. Based on the study, the authors argue that the conditions have a positive impact on the improvement of mental, social, creative potential of the individual, lead to improved self-esteem, student’s understanding of independence, not only in the framework of design and educational activities, but also in future profession.

Today much attention is paid to processing textual information in order to form thematic groups and to systematize documents. This is stipulated by growing popularity of the Internet as a means of communication and requires to categorize short technical texts, which, in turn, is characterized by complexity of traditional approaches - preprocessing and digitization of documents and identification of "classifying" features. Specificity of the study at each stage is determined by the characteristics of the texts - small size, similar vocabulary, a large number of highly specialized symbols and signs, synonymity of terms.There has been suggested the procedure of preparing texts for analysis, reducing the dimensions of "term-document" matrix using singular decomposition method which allows to solve the problem of small-rank approximation of the original matrix. There are classification methods used such as k-nearest neighbors method and discriminant analysis based on Fisher elementary functions (texts on assignment of instruments was taken as an example). The Fisher classification procedure uses discriminant variables and the approach of maximizing the differences between classes to obtain the classification function. An object belongs to the class for which the value of classifying function is the greatest. There has been given assessment of the results obtained and the inadequate accuracy of classification when applying TF-IDF measure under experimental conditions. To improve the quality of classification, a combined method has been proposed to select words at the first step using TF-IDF measure. The dictionary of terms and phrases is to be used at the second stage for classifying texts. According to the obtained data, it has been offered to carry out classification by discriminant analysis and k-closest neighbors method. The proposed combined method is planned to be refined and upgraded in the future.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, transmitted by airborne droplets, causing outbreaks of pneumonia mainly in closed groups. According with recommendations, M. pneumoniae infections can usually be effectively treated with macrolides, which are generally considered the first-choice antibiotics in young adults. However, macrolide resistance has been observed in a number of countries. Macrolide resistance phenotypes are defined by specific point mutations in the V domain of the single-copy 23S rRNA gene of M. pneumoniae, mainly at positions 2063, 2064 and 2617 (numbering according to M. pneumoniae). Identification of appropriate single nucleotide substitutions allows effectively predicting the phenotype of resistance to macrolides, but the methods used for this purpose currently are laborious and costly. The present study is devoted to the development and validation of a new method for the determination of mutations associated with macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae, as well as its use for the analysis of clinical specimens obtained from 31 patients with pneumonia treated in a military hospital. Two and one patients had M. pneumoniae isolates with a substitution at positions 2063 and 2064, respectively. In one case, a mixed population of wild-type and mutated M. pneumoniae isolate was observed. A rare mutation variant in the 23S rRNA gene of M. pneumoniae corresponding to the genotype C2617G was found in one patient. Our PCR-RT assay is able to discriminate between wild-type and resistant genotypes of M. pneumoniae directly from clinical specimens can be used to quickly identify type of mutations and predict possible resistance respiratory mycoplasmas to macrolide antibiotics. This assay will allow clinicians to shorten the time to the initiation of effective disease treatment.

Long-term cooperation FSBI “Gamaleya Federal Scientific Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology”, Russia and Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Russia on the research of spontaneous Mycoplasma infection in different monkey species of the Adler colony showed a wide prevalence of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma carriers. Mycoplasma isolated from the apes and forming mini-colonies are similar to those isolated from patients with various chronic pathological processes. The cells of mini-colonies are resistant to various unfavourable factors causing the death of cells of classical colonies. The cells of mini-colonies are resistant to antibiotics, which have fundamentally different mechanisms of action. Key words: mycoplasma, ureaplasma, monkeys, mini-colonies, antibiotics.

The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using wastes from pulp and paper industry as metal corrosion inhibitors. We studied protective properties of various systems, including the primers with rust modifiers developed on the basis of sulfite spent liquors and an upper coating layer of PF-115 enamel applied to a rusty surface. Using the gravimetric method and the method of polarization curves, we found that sulfite spent liquors inhibit steel corrosion in an acidic environment. We found that the P-2 rust modifier with an addition of lye + piperidine is the most effective inhibitor of steel rusting.

The article provides information on changes in the activity of centers of public health and medical prevention in conditions of CO-VID-19 pandemic Examples of response to the coronavirus outbreak of the world medical community are given, the developed strategies and the most effective restrictive measures are listed The result of a survey of 72 regions of the Russian Federation on changes in the work of public health and medical prevention centers that have occurred since the announcement of the pandemic and the establishment of the Coronavirus operation headquarters is presented The information about the development of new information materials, speeches in mass media, holding online events and live broadcasts for patients, providing medical and psy-chological assistance to the population at home and on the phone, organizing methodological assistance to medical organizations on the prevention of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in COVID-19 conditions is listed Receiving new data on changes in the work of different spheres of health care system during the global pandemic will allow developing new algorithms of response in such situations and optimizing the functions of public health and medical prevention centers © 2020, Media Sphera Publishing Group All rights reserved

The clinical material obtained surgically in patients with kidney stone disease (KSD) was tested for content of the stone microflora using PCR and standard microbiological methods. It was demonstrated that about 50% of stones in patients with KSD were infected with various infection agents as observed using standard microbiological and molecular genetic methods. The percentage of detection of the Mycoplasma hominis using cultural method is lower than the percentage detected using PCR, which is due to difficult isolation and cultivation, as well as DNA fragments of mycoplasma observed after antibiotic therapy. Studies based on modern microscopy methods showed that microorganisms on the surface of the kidney stone formed multispecies biofilms.

The real work is devoted to studying of a possibility of use of the P-2 rust solvent for preparation of a surface of steel for coloring for the purpose of replacement of ecologically harmful mechanical ways of cleaning and improvement of its protective properties by introduction of organic inhibitors., Исследование посвящено изучению возможности применения преобразователя ржавчины П-2 при подготовке поверхности стали к окрашиванию с целью замены экологически вредных механических способов очистки и улучшения его защитных свойств путем введения органических ингибиторов.

Qualified employees are a key resource in innovative development. At the same time workers and specialists with technical college of education play an important role in economy. The article explains the role of training for innovative companies in connection with the changing social system associated with the assessment of socio-economic progress and well-being. There are training model for innovative companies, and criteria and indicators for evaluating interaction of professional educational institutions and innovative companies in this article. Training of personnel is revealed through the relationship and the characteristics of the main components of the training model: market research of staff needs, interaction mechanisms of professional educational institutions with innovative companies, evaluation of the results of interaction of professional educational institutions with innovative companies. It is concluded about professional education system which provides sustainability and continuous well-being of society and the individual at the expense of quality of advanced human resource development.

Aim To study the effects exerted by argon microwave nonthermal plasma (NTP) on cell wall-lacking Mollicutes bacteria. Methods and Results 108 CFU ml−1 agar plated Mycoplasma hominis and Acholeplasma laidlawii were treated with the nonthermal microwave argon plasma for 30–300 s. The maximal 10- and 100-fold drop was observed for A. laidlawii and Myc. hominis, respectively. Similarly treated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated the 105 and 103 drop, respectively. Removal of cholesterol affected resistance of A. laidlawii. 10 mmol l−1 antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene decreased mortality by a factor of 25–200. UV radiation alone caused 25–85% mortality in comparison with the whole NTP. Exogenously added hydrogen peroxide H2O2 did not cause mortality. NTP treatment of Myc. hominis triggered growth of microcolonies, which were several tenfold smaller than a typical colony. Conclusions Despite the lack of cell wall, A. laidlawii and Myc. hominis were more resistant to argon microwave NTP than other tested bacteria. Mycoplasma hominis formed microcolonies upon NTP treatment. A role of UV and active species was demonstrated. Significance and Impact of the Study The first study of NTP effects on Mollicutes revealed importance of a membrane composition for bacterial resistance to NTP. New specific Myc. hominis morphological forms were observed. The study confirmed importance of the concerted action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with UV and other plasma bioactive agents for NTP bactericidal action.

Wood debarking by means of debarking drums as an energy and resource- intensive process draws intensive interest of researchers. The paper presents an overview of the publications from 1964 up to the present time dealing with the results of research related to improving the quality of pulpwood cleaning by means of debarking drums. The review focuses on technologies of wood drum debarking, mathematical simulation of the process, results of experimental studies both in industrial and laboratory environments. Various methods of mathematical simulation of debarking are cited. A brief analysis is given of the effect that drum proportions, rotation speed and the degree of filling, as well as pulpwood length and diameter produce on the efficiency of the debarking process. The review focuses on cost-effective use of resources in the wood debarking process. The reviewers come to the conclusion that pulpwood interaction intensity and frequency can be used as integral indicators of the raw material parameters and the debarking mode. The efficiency of wood debarking, as well as the magnitude of wood loss are determined by the intensity of pulpwood collisions inside the drum.