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Uno de los puntos delicados que suscitó la pandemia del Coronavirus (COVID-19) fue el cambio disruptivo de la educación presencial o semipresencial a la virtual. En esta última modalidad, las plataformas educativas virtuales, como complemento del docente, pasaron a ser el eje central de la transmisión del conocimiento. Esta situación se proyectaba con un crecimiento moderado en los próximos años, pero con la cuarentena total decretada por el Gobierno del Perú en el año 2020, pasó a una transformación rápida de adaptación. En este contexto, la forma de evaluar a los estudiantes en diversos cursos, y en particular, en matemática, cambió rotundamente en lapsos tan cortos con el objetivo de moderar una mejor transición de herramientas virtuales, que mantuvieran la esencia del procedimiento matemático que debe realizar un estudiante para poder validar su aprendizaje. ¿Qué reflexiones podemos compartir? Las listamos en este artículo.

The process of Teaching and Learning in times of Covid-19 brought experiences between teachers and students, seeking to improve with some teaching method to obtain satisfaction in their learning, the objective of this research is to validate the instrument of measurement of Teaching and Learning Experience Questionnaire (ETLQ) in the Peruvian context with university students, This instrument consists of three parts, the Teaching and Learning Environment which consists of 19 questions, the Student Learning Approach which consists of 9 questions and the Critical Thinking with 4 questions, each question is composed of 5-point Likert-type scales (1 point = "Strongly disagree" and 5 points = "Strongly agree". A total of 2027 university students participated throughout Peru, including students from national and private universities. Cronbach's Alpha =0.957 with 32 numbers of items was valid for its respective use, with which it will be possible to measure the Learning Experiences in university students, reinforcing this result with different tests whose results were optimal and reliability analysis. Concluding that, the validation instrument is valid in the Peruvian environment, online education is accepted in its highest percentage and that the rejection of this is only in the most vulnerable students and the feedback to students is the most outstanding. Keywords—Validation, Learning experiences, teaching, online education, Covid-19

En el presente trabajo, se construye un modelo matemático que representa la dinámica que existe entre el fitoplancton (F), el zooplancton (Z) y la anchoveta (A) a partir del modelo de Samares y Anal. Esta cadena alimenticia se presenta en el área marítima peruana donde se encuentra un ecosistema de tres eslabones, además que la cadena alimenticia es un eje principal en el equilibrio ecológico dentro del mar. Se estudiará el comportamiento de las poblaciones (especies marítimas) donde se determinará la estabilidad del modelo (criterio de Routh-Hurwitz) en el largo plazo, donde se analizará con el criterio de Dulac-Bendixon para evaluar la existencia de órbitas periódicas cerradas. Y las respectivas simulaciones computacionales para complementar el estudio e interpretar las situaciones que afectan al ecosistema marítimo.

Background and Objectives: The acute acute delirious puff named BDA in french, from French psychiatric nosology, is similar to schizophreniform disorder (CIM) and brief psychotic disorder (DSM). In Africa, its prevalence is between 11.34% and 32% [3-5]. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical and characteristics of BDA in hospitalization at the Psychiatric Center of Ziguinchor. Methodology: It was a retrospective, descriptive study carried out at the Emile Badiane Psychiatric Center (CPEB) in Ziguinchor, which focused on the records of patients followed in this center from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. All patients hospitalized for BDA during the study period were included. Results: In total out of 1370 hospitalizations recorded, 400 were for BDA, i.e. a hospital prevalence of 29.1%. Men represented 67.9% of the workforce. The mean age was 32.09 ± 11.62 years. The age group [20 to 39] represented 68% of the workforce. Family psychiatric history was found in 33.8% of cases. Hospitalization in the first month following the onset of the disease occurred in 54.7% of cases. Cannabis consumption was found in 102 cases, polymorphic delirium in 55.6%, persecution in 92,6% and the hallucinatory mechanism in 51.7%. Behavioral disorder was noted in 86.2% of our patients, including 28.3% physical and/or verbal aggression. The average duration of hospitalization was 19.75 ± 8.9 days with extremes of 2 and 62 days. Normal output was 89.7%. Persistence of delirium at discharge was noted in 30 patients (8.8%). Neuroleptics were used in 33.2% of cases. Conclusion: Our study confirms the prevalence of BDA in Africa which remains high. It occurs in a young adult, male, single, educated, unemployed and with a family psychiatric history. It is characterized by a predominantly “persecutive” polymorphic delirium with a hallucinatory mechanism responding favorably to neuroleptics after a 19-day hospital stay. It also shows the need to encourage the proliferation of psychiatric care centers such as that of Ziguinchor, which draws a good part of the patients from the south of the country.

En este trabajo se realizo un modelo computacional a traves de los Automatas Celulares que puede describir la dinamica de como se propagan las enfermedades de transmision de sexual considerando una subclasificacion para la poblacion de infectados (curable y no curable). Asi mismo, se ha considerado en este trabajo la perspectiva de la epidemiologia matematica del modelo matematico SIS de W.O. Kermack y A.G. McKendrick que representa la dinamica de la epidemia, siendo posible asi analizar el comportamiento de la propagacion de la epidemia en el tiempo.

Resumen En el presente trabajo, se construye un modelo matemático que representa la dinámica que existe entre el fitoplancton (F), el zooplancton (Z) y la anchoveta (A) a partir del modelo de Samares y Anal. Esta cadena alimenticia se presenta en el área marítima peruana donde se encuentra un ecosistema de tres eslabones, además que la cadena alimenticia es un eje principal en el equilibrio ecológico dentro del mar. Se estudiará el comportamiento de las poblaciones (especies marítimas) donde se determinará la estabilidad del modelo (criterio de Routh-Hurwitz) en el largo plazo, donde se analizará con el criterio de Dulac-Bendixon para evaluar la existencia de órbitas periódicas cerradas. Y las respectivas simulaciones computacionales para complementar el estudio e interpretar las situaciones que afectan al ecosistema marítimo. Abstract In the present work, a mathematical model is built that represents the dynamics that exist between phytoplankton (F), zooplankton (Z) and anchovy (A) from the model of Samares and Anal. This food chain occurs in the Peruvian maritime area where there is a three-link ecosystem, in addition to the fact that the food chain is a main axis in the ecological balance within the sea. The behavior of the populations (maritime species) will be studied where the stability of the model (Routh-Hurwitz criterion) in the long term will be determined, where it will be analyzed with the Dulac-Bendixon criterion to evaluate the existence of closed periodic orbits. And the respective computational simulations to complement the study and interpret the situations that affect the maritime ecosystem.

The present study proposes the use of a segmented SIR-D mathematical model to predict the evolution of epidemiological populations of interest in the COVID-19 pandemic (Susceptible [S], Infected [I], Recovered [R] and dead [D]), information that is often key to guiding decision-making in the fight against epidemics. In order to obtain a better model calibration and a lower prediction error in the short term, we performed the model segmentation in 6 stages of periods of 14 days each. At each stage, the epidemiological that define the system of equations are empirically estimated by linear regression of the epidemiological surveillance data that the Peruvian Ministry of Health collects and reports daily. This strategy showed better model calibration compared to an unsegmented SIR-D model. El presente estudio propone el uso de un modelo matemático SIR-D segmentado para predecir la evolución de poblaciones epidemiológicas de interés en la pandemia del COVID-19 (Susceptible [S], Infectados [I], Recuperados [R] y muertos [D]), información que, a menudo, es clave para orientar la toma de decisiones en la lucha contra epidemias. Con la finalidad de obtener una mejor calibración del modelo y un menor error de predicción en el corto plazo, realizamos la segmentación del modelo en 6 etapas de periodos de 14 días cada uno. En cada etapa, las tasas epidemiológicas que definen el sistema de ecuaciones se estiman empíricamente mediante regresión lineal de los datos de vigilancia epidemiológica que el Ministerio de Salud del Perú recoge y reporta diariamente. Esta estrategia mostró una mejor calibración del modelo en comparación con un modelo SIR-D no segmentado.

The present study proposes the use of a segmented SIR-D mathematical model to predict the evolution of epidemiological populations of interest in the COVID-19 pandemic (Susceptible [S], Infected [I], Recovered [R] and dead [D]), information that is often key to guiding decision-making in the fight against epidemics. In order to obtain a better model calibration and a lower prediction error in the short term, we performed the model segmentation in 6 stages of periods of 14 days each. At each stage, the epidemiological that define the system of equations are empirically estimated by linear regression of the epidemiological surveillance data that the Peruvian Ministry of Health collects and reports daily. This strategy showed better model calibration compared to an unsegmented SIR-D model.

El presente estudio trata sobre el desarrollo de un problema matematico (ecuaciones aplicadas a edades) dentro del area del algebra a nivel secundaria. Donde se anadio la concepcion de algunas formalidades matematicas como corresponde al nivel universitario que esta dentro de las exigencias a los estudiantes de primer ano de formacion (Estudios Generales). El problema aplicado a los estudiantes se enfoca en el analisis de la posible respuesta de acuerdo al enunciado de la misma, y generar un debate sobre el modelamiento matematico de un problema real expresado en ecuaciones matematicas.

The accelerated approval pathway has been criticized recently for employing lower regulatory standards than traditional drug approval, undue delays in withdrawing approvals of drugs for which studies have not confirmed clinical benefit, and confirmatory trials not being pursued with due diligence. This article examines the status of confirmatory studies of drugs approved under the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) accelerated approval program between December 1992 and December 2021. It includes background on the program and provides broader context about the program’s performance to date over its 30-year history. Our analysis demonstrates that the accelerated approval program has been largely successful, with half of accelerated approvals converted to traditional approval in a median time of 3.2 years. Furthermore, recent FDA actions show that the agency is appropriately managing the program when a drug approved under accelerated approval fails to confirm a clinical benefit. Any proposed changes to the program should be based on cumulative experience with the program, rather than outliers.

The impact of research is increasingly gaining importance as science is understood as a means to solve the challenges of humanity. Therefore, processes of interaction between science and policy makers are needed, namely Science-Policy Interface (SPI). But who is actually participating in SPIs? This question is relevant since scientific findings can be subject to interpretation, might contradict each other or can be driven by normative frameworks. Additionally, complex challenges require the involvement of all relevant disciplines and if certain disciplines are not heard, policies might as well only address parts of the problem. To unpack respective processes, this paper explores the opportunities of bibliography to trace and track science-policy interactions applying it to the field of wildfire risk management (WFRM). An analysis of bibliometric data provided by Dimensions was carried out. Therefore, the development of the numbers of publications and policy documents over time as well as the numbers of publications and policy documents in different fields of research (FoR) are considered. Furthermore, the Altmetrics of publications which are cited in policy documents are compared to the total of publications with reference to WFRM. It can be stated that the number of publications with reference to WFRM follows the general trend of an increasing publication rate. Individual deviations from the general trend can be attributed to extraordinary wildfire events. The number of policy documents with reference to WFRM seems to correlate more strongly with the number of scientific publications with reference to WFRM than to the general trend in the number of policy documents. In addition, indicators for delay of 6 to 7 years in knowledge uptake from science to policy were found. Regarding the FoRs, three clusters of were identified. While two of these clusters indicate a positive correlation between the number of publications in a FoR and the number of citations, one cluster of FoR has low numbers of citations in policy documents while the number of publications is high. That leads to the conclusion, that there are bias respective unknown impact factors which affect whether or not a policy maker considers a particular FoR. One impact factor seems to be the attention a publication receives in scientific but also non-scientific communities. The Altmetric Scores of publications with citations in policy documents are double as high as the Altmetric Scores of the total of publications with reference to WFRM. By analysing the composition of the Altmetric Scores of cited publications respective the Altmetric Donuts, it could be found that the vast majority of publications that are cited in policy documents did receive attention in social media, especially twitter. Another result of the analysis is, that the data quality concerning the links between policy documents and publications is insufficient. However, the bias found in the SPI demonstrate the usefulness of this bibliometric approach. With increasing reliability of bibliometric databases, the methodology presented in this paper can be applied broadly as a tool to analyse SPIs and help to create transparency on the integration of scientific findings into policy processes.

In this paper, we examine the relationship between p-hacking and data-sharing policies for published articles. We collect 38,876 test statistics from 1,106 articles published in leading economic journals between 2002–2020. While a data-sharing policy increases the provision of research data to the community, we find a well-estimated null effect that requiring authors to share their data at the time of publication does not alter the presence of p-hacking. Similarly, articles that use hard-to-access administrative data or third-party surveys, as compared to those that use easier-to-access (e.g., own-collected) data are not different in their p-hacking extent. Voluntary provision of data by authors on their homepages offers no evidence of reduced p-hacking.

This explorative study provides insights into how civil protection organizations can learn, be innovative, and develop their capabilities toward achieving greater organizational resilience. After the enormous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, civil protection organizations had to actively shape crisis-related learning processes, particularly concerning workflows and organizational structures, collaboration with stakeholders, preparedness, risk analysis, digitalization, and the political framework. Empirical findings collected in Europe during and between the main pandemic peaks of 2020 and 2021 were analyzed for implications for policymakers and civil protection organizations. Key findings illustrate how important it is for civil protection organizations to respond quickly and adapt flexibly in times of crisis. In interviews with civil protection experts, respondents highlight the benefits of a partner network and the need for digital capabilities and data infrastructure. Other relevant factors in dealing with a crisis were found to be self-evaluation and the ability to recover from a previous wave while preparing for and responding to the next.

Einleitung: Die kongenitale Zwerchfellhernie stellt eine komplexe Fehlbildung dar, bei der es infolge der Herniation von Bauchorganen in den Brustkorb durch einen Defekt im Zwerchfell zur verminderten Lungenentwicklung kommt. Diese Unterentwicklung der fetalen Lunge wird Lungenhypoplasie genannt und führt zu einer erhöhten Mortalität und Morbidität nach der Geburt. Die pränatale Sonographie stellt die Diagnose und ermöglicht die Erstellung von verschiedenen antenatalen Prognoseparameter (z. B. LHR und Leberherniation) als Prädiktor für das fetale Outcome zur frühzeitigen Entschlussfindung bezüglich des weiteren Schwangerschaftsverlaufes sowie zur Planung des postnatalen Managements. Patienten und Methode: Retrospektiv wurden an einem Tertiärzentrum über einen Zeitraum von 15 Jahren Daten von 58 Feten mit isolierter Zwerchfellhernie hinsichtlich der antenatalen Prognoseparameter und dem fetalen Outcome untersucht und verglichen. Zu den ausgewerteten Daten zählen die jeweiligen Ultraschallbefunde der Feten sowie deren Dokumentation zum Schwangerschaftsausgang und dem postnatalen Verlauf. Ergebnisse: Das Gesamtüberleben der Feten mit isolierter Zwerchfellhernie lag bei 74.1 %. Feten mit einer LHR >1 hatten eine signifikant (p 45 % vs. o/e LHR ≤45 % oder einem QLI >0.6 vs. QLI ≤0.6 ermittelt. Zusammenfassung: Die vorliegende Arbeit bestätigt die prognostische Wertigkeit der Leberherniation und der LHR als wichtige Bestandteile der Prognosestellung bei Feten mit isolierter Zwerchfellhernie., Introduction: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a complex malformation in which the herniation of abdominal organs into the chest through a defect in the diaphragm can lead to reduced lung development. This underdevelopment of the fetal lungs is called pulmonary hypoplasia and results in increased mortality and morbidity after birth. Prenatal sonography provides the diagnosis and allows the formation of various antenatal prognostic parameters (e.g. LHR and liver herniation) as a predictor of fetal outcome to support early decision-making regarding the further course of the pregnancy as well as for the planning of the postnatal management. Patients and method: We evaluated retrospectively data from 58 fetuses with isolated diaphragmatic hernia with regard to antenatal sonographic prognostic parameters and fetal outcome at a tertiary center over a period of 15 years. The evaluated data include the respective ultrasound findings of the fetuses as well as the documentation on the outcome of pregnancy and the postnatal course. Results: The overall survival rate of the fetuses with isolated diaphragmatic hernia was 74.1%. Fetuses with an LHR >1 had a significantly (p 45% vs. o/e LHR ≤45% or a QLI >0.6 vs. QLI ≤0.6. Summary: Our study confirms the prognostic value of liver herniation and LHR as important components of the prognosis in fetuses with isolated diaphragmatic hernia.

In this work, we will prove the Cayley-Hamilton theorem using algebraic geometry. We will see a different proof than the one seen in a linear algebra course, in this case we will use the Zariski topology, then we will take advantage of the fact that every square matrix of order n _ n, with entries in a field K, denoted by (aij)n_n can be seen as an element of the affine space of dimension n _ n over the field K and thanks to this, we can resort to algebraic sets and algebraic varieties in order to obtain some results seen in an algebraic geometry and to get a proof of the Cayley-Hamilton theorem. En este trabajo, probaremos el teorema de Cayley-Hamilton utilizando geometría algebraica. Veremos una prueba diferente a la que se ve en un curso de álgebra lineal, en este caso utilizaremos la topología de Zariski, luego nos aprovecharemos de que toda matriz cuadrada de orden nxn, con entradas en un cuerpo K, denotada por (aij)nxn puede ser vista como un elemento del espacio afín de dimensión nxn sobre el cuerpo K y gracias a esto podemos recurrir a los conjuntos algebraicos y a las variedades algebraicas para así obtener algunos resultados vistos en un curso de geometría algebraica y conseguir una prueba del teorema de Cayley-Hamilton.

In the present work, a mathematical model is built that represents the dynamics that exist between phytoplankton (F), zooplankton (Z) and anchovy (A) from the model of Samares and Anal. This food chain occurs in the Peruvian maritime area where there is a three-link ecosystem, in addition to the fact that the food chain is a main axis in the ecological balance within the sea. The behavior of the populations (maritime species) will be studied where the stability of the model (Routh-Hurwitz criterion) in the long term will be determined, where it will be analyzed with the Dulac-Bendixon criterion to evaluate the existence of closed periodic orbits. And the respective computational simulations to complement the study and interpret the situations that affect the maritime ecosystem. En el presente trabajo, se construye un modelo matemático que representa la dinámica que existe entre el fitoplancton (F), el zooplancton (Z) y la anchoveta (A) a partir del modelo de Samares y Anal. Esta cadena alimenticia se presenta en el área marítima peruana donde se encuentra un ecosistema de tres eslabones, además que la cadena alimenticia es un eje principal en el equilibrio ecológico dentro del mar. Se estudiará el comportamiento de las poblaciones (especies marítimas) donde se determinará la estabilidad del modelo (criterio de Routh-Hurwitz) en el largo plazo, donde se analizará con el criterio de Dulac-Bendixon para evaluar la existencia de órbitas periódicas cerradas. Y las respectivas simulaciones computacionales para complementar el estudio e interpretar las situaciones que afectan al ecosistema marítimo.

Background: Planned improvements in semiconductor chip performance have historically driven improvements in lithography and this is expected to continue in the future. The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems roadmap helps the industry plan for the future. Aim: The 2021 lithography roadmap shows requirements, possible options, and challenges for the next 15 years. Results: Critical dimensions in logic chips are now small enough that stochastics, i.e., random variations in photon, molecules, and photoresist image forming processes, introduces random variations in sizes and stochastic-driven defects. As critical dimensions get smaller, stochastics becomes a bigger challenge. The roadmap projects that despite projected improvements in tools, photoresist, device design, and patterning processes, resist dose to print will still have to roughly triple over the next 10 years to maintain acceptable stochastics unless major process or chip design changes are made. This will raise patterning costs substantially. Other patterning options are under development but they also have challenges related to defects. Edge placement error (EPE) is also a challenge for future devices. Long-term, logic device requirements will drive stacked devices, and yield and process complexity will be key challenges. Conclusions: Logic devices will drive leading edge lithography. Improved extreme ultraviolet lithography is a leading candidate but other options are possible. Key short-term challenges are stochastics, EPE, and cost. Resist dose to print is expected to rise substantially as critical dimensions shrink unless substantial process innovation occurs. For the long term, the challenges will be yield and process complexity when logic devices switch to 3D scaling

Introduction: Pelvic floor dysfunctions have an impact on women’s sexual function. A Chilean study found that 74% of women have pelvic floor dysfunctions, but there is no validated tool for them. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) for assessing sexual function in Chilean women with pelvic floor dysfunctions. Methods: Cross-sectional study of psychometrics in 217 women with pelvic floor dysfunction, age 18 or older, and sexually active (last 6 months). Non-probability, convenience sampling. Tool: PISQ-12. Experts checked content validity, construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis, reliability with Cronbach’s alpha, and discriminating capacity with Pearson and McDonald’s omega. Results: Population is mainly perimenopausal, highly educated with no income and with urinary incontinence (89.4%). Psychometric analysis supports a three-factor structure: sexual response, female sexual problems, and male sexual problems, with a good (α= 0.85), acceptable (α= 0.73), and poor (α= 0.63) reliability, respectively, but McDonald’s omega was acceptable for all three. These were related to age (rs: -0.33), education (rs: 0.36), number of pregnancies (rs: -0.18) and vaginal births (rs: -0.25). Conclusions: PISQ-12 is valid and reliable for measuring sexual dimension and problems. Age, education, and number of pregnancies and vaginal births are moderately correlated to sexual response. Resumen Introducción: Las disfunciones del piso pélvico impactan la función sexual de mujeres que la padecen. En un estudio chileno un 74% de las mujeres presentó disfunción sexual sin tener un instrumento validado para esta población. Objetivo: Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Pelvic Organ Prolapse Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) para medir la función sexual en mujeres chilenas con disfunciones del piso pélvico. Métodos: Estudio transversal psicométrico de 217 mujeres con disfunción del piso pélvico, igual /mayor a 18 años, sexualmente activas (últimos 6 meses). Muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia. Cuestionario: PISQ-12. Se realizó juicio de expertos para validez de contenido, análisis factorial confirmatorio para validez de constructo y el α de Cronbach para confiabilidad y capacidad discriminativa con Pearson y ω de McDonald. Resultados: Población principalmente perimenopáusica, alta escolaridad sin ingresos y con Incontinencia Urinaria (89.4%). El análisis psicométrico apoyó una estructura de tres factores: respuesta sexual, limitaciones sexuales femeninas y limitaciones sexuales masculinas, con confiabilidad buena (α= 0.85) aceptable (α= 0.73) y pobre (α= 0.63), respectivamente, aunque el ω de McDonald mostró valores aceptables para los tres. Éstos se relacionaron con edad (rs: -0.33), escolaridad (0.36), número de embarazos (-0.18) y partos vaginales (-0.25). Conclusiones: El PISQ-12 es válido y confiable, midiendo la dimensión sexual y limitaciones sexuales. La edad, escolaridad, número de embarazos y partos vaginales se correlaciona con la respuesta sexual en intensidad moderada.

Decades of progress in the semiconductor industry has led to lithographically printed dimensions that are small enough that the positions of individual molecules and the stochastic variation in the number of photons have a significant effect on the quality of photoresist patterns. These effects scale badly and will be more important as feature sizes continue to shrink. Self-organizing materials can provide regular patterns of molecules that have the potential to minimize stochastic effects. Some such reported materials are block copolymers, bottle brush polymers and DNA, all of which have been used as part of lithographic patterning. A key challenge for self-organizing materials is defect levels. The energy to rearrange has to be high enough that random defects aren’t created thermally but low enough that rearrangement into preferred domains can occur. All of the methods can generate accurate CDs based on the chemical composition of the material, but they all need some way to control the positions of the feature edges. There are methods for guiding the self-organization, but the final position is the sum of the guide pattern misalignment and the intrinsic alignment error of the self-organizing materials. Thus it can be worse than the positioning of the guide structures. Alignment and defect levels are thus two big challenges for manufacturing introduction of self-organizing materials.

espanolEl trabajo de investigacion presenta un modelo computacional por Automatas Celulares (Cell-DEVS) aplicado a la transmision de la enfermedad Dengue, propagada por mosquitos hacia una poblacion susceptible.Este modelo tendra un enfoque de multinivel para poder considerar interacciones exogenas como temperatura. Esto permitira poder visualizar los puntos criticos donde la reproduccion de mosquitos es mucho mayor, y asi realizar estrategias de control. EnglishThe research paper presents a computational model by Cellular Automata (Cell-DEVS) applied to the transmission of Dengue disease, spread by mosquitoes to a susceptible population. This model will have a multilevel approach to consider exogenous interactions such as temperature. This will allow to be able to visualize the critical points where the mosquito reproduction is much greater, and thus carry out control strategies.

The research paper presents a computational model by Cellular Automata (Cell-DEVS) applied to the transmission of Dengue disease, spread by mosquitoes to a susceptible population. This model will have a multilevel approach to consider exogenous interactions such as temperature. This will allow to be able to visualize the critical points where the mosquito reproduction is much greater, and thus carry out control strategies. El trabajo de investigación presenta un modelo computacional por Autómatas Celulares (Cell-DEVS) aplicado a la transmisión de la enfermedad Dengue, propagada por mosquitos hacia una población susceptible.Este modelo tendrá un enfoque de multinivel para poder considerar interacciones exógenas como temperatura. Esto permitirá poder visualizar los puntos críticos donde la reproducción de mosquitos es mucho mayor, y así realizar estrategias de control.

espanolEn el presente trabajo, se construye la existencia de Soluciones Uniformemente Acotadas de un Modelo Matematico SI con dinamica vital, con crecimiento logistico para los Susceptibles, desarrollado mediante las Ecuaciones Diferenciales con Retardo, y se estudiara el comportamiento de las soluciones (analisis cualitativo) para el Punto Libre de Infeccion donde se determinara las condiciones necesarias para su estabilidad asintotica; y mas aun, la Solucion Uniformemente Acotada del Modelo tiende al estado estacionario del Punto Libre de Infeccion. Ademas, se simulara computacionalmente (soluciones aproximadas) con poblaciones iniciales y tasas epidemiologicas del modelo. La simulacion complementara el analisis cualitativo (comportamiento de soluciones) para concluir tendencias de comportamientos de la transmision de la enfermedad en el tiempo. EnglishIn the present work, the existence of Uniformly Bound Solutions of a SI Mathematical Model with vital dynamics, with logistic growth for the Susceptibles, developed by Delay Differential Equations is constructed, and the behavior of the solutions will be studied (qualitative analysis) for the Infection-Free Point where the necessary conditions for its asymptotic stability will be determined; and furthermore, that the Uniformly Bounded Solution of the Model tends to the steady state of the Infection-Free Point. In addition, it will be simulated computationally (approximate solutions) with initial populations and epidemiological rates of the model. The simulation will complement the qualitative analysis (behavior of solutions) to conclude trends of behaviors of the transmission of the disease overtime.

In this work, we will prove Cayley theorem, using category theory. We will see a different proof than theone seen in a Group Theory course, in this case we will use a famous result in category theory called theYoneda lemma and then, to relate groups with such lemma we will take advantage of the fact that everygroup can be viewed as a category. This proof shows that Yoneda lemma is an extensive generalization of Cayley theorem for groups. En este trabajo, probaremos el teorema de Cayley para grupos utilizando la teoría de categorías. Veremosuna prueba diferente a la que se ve en un curso de Teoría de Grupos, en este caso utilizaremos un famosoresultado en la teoría de categorías que tiene por nombre el Lema de Yoneda, y luego para relacionargrupos con dicho lema nos aprovecharemos de que todo grupo puede ser visto como una categoría. Estademostración nos hace ver que el lema de Yoneda es una extensa generalización del teorema de Cayleypara grupos.

Orientador: Mario Fernando de Goes Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Resumo: o propósito do presente trabalho foi determinar o coeficiente de expansão térmica verdadeiro e médio dos compósitos odontológicos Charisma (Kulzer)~ Herculite XRV (Kerr)~ Prisma APH (CaulkDenstply)~ Tetric (Vivadent) e Z-100 (3 M)~ após repetidas variações térmicas e associá-Io à alterações microestruturais e dureza de superfície. Utilizando uma matriz plástica constituída de duas partes~ foram confeccionados 10 corpos de prova cilíndricos~ sendo dois para cada material~ com 2 mm de diâmetro por 12 mm de comprimento. Um termopar constituído de fios de cromel e alumel foi posicionado de forma que o ponto de solda ficasse situado no meio geométrico do corpo de prova. A polimerização foi realizada com aparelho Visilux (3 M) com exposição de 40 segundos em cada lado da matriz e~ após remoçâo~ por mais 40 segundos, após o que os corpos de prova foram imersos em água destilada e armazeI!ados a 37°C durante 24 horas. Os dilatogramas de cada corpo de prova (grupo inicial) foram levantados com auxílio de um dilatômetro (DT -1 OOO~ Adamel Lhomargy Division d'instruments S.A.)~ dentro de uma faixa de temperaturas que contivesse aquelas encontradas na cavidade bucal. Este aparelho possui a característica de determinar tanto o coeficiente de expansão térmica linear médio quanto o coeficiente de expansão térmica linear veTdadeiro~ ou seja~ referido à uma dada temperatura. Em seguida um grupo (tratado) foi submetido à ciclagem térmica (10.000 ciclos) enquanto o outro (controle) ficou armazenado em água destilada à temperatura de 37°C pelo mesmo período de tempo. Concluida a ciclagem, foram obtidos novos dilatogramas para os dois grupos. Em seguida os termopares foram removidos e os corpos de prova foram fraturados manualmente em duas partes; uma foi examinada sob microscopia eletrônica de varredura (x 1000) e I outra foi incluida em resina (Resapol T 208), para ensaio .de dureza Knoop. o material Z-l 00 apresentou valores do coeficiente de expansão I térmica linear médio mais próximos dos encontrados na literatura, tanto para o grupo controle quanto para o grupo tratado. Os valores mais discrepantes foram encontrados para o material Prisma APH. O mesmo ocorreu em relação ao coeficiente de expansão térmica i verdadeiro. I I A microscopia eletrônica de varredura não revelou alterações microestruturais de relevância entre o grupo tratado e o grupo controle. I Os maiores índices de dureza foram conseguidos pelo material: Z-IOO e os menores, pelo material Prisma APH, em ambos os grupos. Houve diminuição da dureza, estatisticamente significativa, para i ~ os materiais Z-lOO, Herculite XR V, Charisma e Prisma APH, em I I relação ao grtipo controle e tratado. Os resultados obtidos procuram contribuir estabelecendo uma relação entre a ciclagem térmica e a dureza da superfície de compósitos dontologicos Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the thermal coefficient of expansion and Knoop hardness of the given commercial restorative composites: Charisma (Kulzer), Herculite XRV (Kerr), Prisma APH (Caulk - Denstply), Tetric (Vivadent) and Z -100 (3M) either submitted or not to thermocycling and its relationship to micro structure and surface hardness alterations. Ien cilindric specimens were prepared according to a piexiglas matrix consisting of two parts. Two specimens were made for each restorative material tested. Standard dimensions were 2 mm in diameter and 12 mm longo A solder point of a thermopair was positioned at specimens geometrical half. A Visilux (3M) unit was used for composite light-curing during 40 seconds on each side of the matrix, then 40 seconds after matrix removal, and afterwards . /' submitted to imersion in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C for the same period of time. With aid of a dilatometer (DI - 1000, Adamei Lhoinargy Division d'instruments S. A.) the initial dilatograms for aU specimens were obtained. This dilato meter has a particular feature to determine both mean linear thermal coefficient of expansion and linear thermal coefficient of expansion referred to a specific given temperture (true a). The test group was submitted to thermocycling (10,000 cycles) while the control group was mantained in distilled water at 37°C. New dilatograms for both groups were obtained after thermocycling. Ihe thermopairs were removed and specimens handsplit in two parts: one was observed under S.E.M. and the other one was resin-embedded (Resapol T 208) for Knoop hardness measurements. For both groups the restorative material Z- 100 presented mean values of thermal coefficient of expansion closely similar to literature findings. Highest discrepancies were found for Prisma APH, occurring the same for true a. Under S.E.M.observation, morphologic alterations were not relev'anf ámong confiol atid fest groiíps. Z -100 showed highest values of Knoop hardness while Prisma APH showed the lowest in both groups. Considering control and test groups, a statistically significant hardness decrease occured in Z - 100, Herculite XRV, Charisma and Prisma. APH. ResuIts coIaborate to establish a reIationship between thermocycling and surfàce hardness of composite restoratives Doutorado Materiais Dentários Doutor em Ciências

Objectives We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antegrade fenestration and reentry (AFR) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) recanalization in a multicenter registry. Background Adoption of antegrade dissection/reentry (ADR) for CTO recanalization has been limited, and novel ADR techniques are needed. Methods AFR involves the balloon-induced creation of multiple fenestrations between the false and true lumen. A targeted true lumen reentry is subsequently achieved with a low tip-load polymer-jacketed guidewire. Following the initial description and dissemination of AFR, patients undergoing AFR-based CTO recanalization at nine centers were included in the present registry. Study endpoints were AFR success, procedural success, and target-lesion failure (TLF) on follow-up. Results We included 41 patients. Mean J-CTO score was 2.5 ± 1.4. In 80.5% of cases, AFR was performed after failed antegrade wire escalation. Another ADR technique was used before AFR in one-third of cases. AFR achieved distal true lumen reentry in n = 27/41 (65.9%) cases. In n = 14/41 (34.1%) cases with AFR failure, use of alternative techniques led to successful CTO recanalization in eight additional patients. The overall technical and procedural success rates were 85.4% and 82.9%, respectively. No AFR-related complications were observed. One-year TLF rate was 8.3% overall, with no differences between successful and failed AFR. Conclusions We report on AFR feasibility in a multicenter registry of patients undergoing CTO recanalization. We observed a moderate success rate, coupled with the absence of complications. Moreover, even a failed AFR attempt did not preclude the use of alternative techniques to achieve recanalization. Further studies should confirm and extend our findings.

The classical trade-off between equity and efficiency is central to income tax policy. On the one hand, higher taxes imply more resources to redistribute; but on the other hand, they might negatively affect incentives to work and the reporting of income itself. The design of tax and transfer policies, therefore, requires estimating the magnitude of behavioural responses to tax rate changes. Roughly speaking, the larger the responses to taxation, the smaller optimal tax rates should be.

When household appliances break down users have to make a decision. Is it better to repair the existing device or to replace it by a new one? Our studies show that we can support the decision with the help of life cycle assessments, cost balances and other data obtained from surveys (e.g. prices, repair frequency). We focused on following product groups: fully automatic coffee machines, vacuum cleaners, washing machines and dishwashers. Specific conclusions have been drawn for each product group to help consumers make their choice and how to analyse further product groups. Three steps towards longer service lifetimes are proposed.

Current agendas such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction or the Sustainable Development Goals are demanding more integration of disaster risk management into other thematic fields and relevant sectors. However, certain thematic fields such as shelter planning and critical infrastructure have not been integrated yet. This article provides an analysis of minimum humanitarian standards contained in the well-known Sphere handbook. Gaps are identified for several critical infrastructure services. Moreover, guidance on how to derive infrastructure or lifeline needs has been found missing. This article analyses the missing service supply and infrastructure identification items and procedures. The main innovation is a more integrative perspective on infrastructure that can improve existing minimum humanitarian standards. It can guide the provision of infrastructure services to various types for different hazard scenarios, hence make humanitarian aid and shelter planning more sustainable in terms of avoiding infrastructure or lifeline shortages.

The FIRE-IN project is an initiative funded by the European Commission and initiated on the 1st of May 2017. FIRE-IN has been designed to raise the security level of EU citizens by improving the national and European Fire & Rescue (F&R) capability development process. FIRE-IN addresses the concern that capability-driven research and innovation in this area needs much stronger guidance from practitioners and better exploitation of the technology potentially available for the discipline. The purpose of this report is to inform how FIRE-IN has engaged with practitioners during the fourth year of the project: number and profile of practitioners reached, type of interactions etc. It also describes the interactions between FIRE-IN and other existing networks in civil protection. Finally, this report details how FIRE-IN has addressed the COVID19 crisis and the strategy developed to keep in touch with the community during this period and beyond.

This thesis comprises of three chapters, which are based on independent essays. All chapters have in common that they deal with transparency issues. Either in the field of public finance (chapter 1), or in empirical economics (chapter 2), or in the real world (chapter 3). In Chapter 1, I explain the pattern of estimates found in the literature of taxable income elasticities. My study consists of three parts: (1) a meta-regression analysis, (2) analysis of the relationship between elasticity estimates and contextual factors and (3) an analysis of selective reporting bias. In Chapter 2, we investigate the relationship between methods of data collection (administrative versus survey, for instance), availability of replication material and statistical significance. Chapter 3 studies the effects of public disclosure laws on outside activities and earnings of German federal members of parliament (MPs).

Contents: U. Neisser, New Answers to an Old Question. J.U. Ogbu, The Consequences of the American Caste System. A.W. Boykin, The Triple Quandary and the Schooling of Afro- American Children. R. Edmonds, Characteristics of Effective Schools. A.L. Brown, A.S. Palinscar, L. Purcell, Poor Readers: Teach, Don't Label. R.A. Gougis, The Effects of Prejudice and Stress on the Academic Performance of Black-Americans. R.B. Darlington, Long-Term Effects of Preschool Programs. H.P. Ginsburg, The Myth of the Deprived Child: New Thoughts on Poor Children.

Privately, many of them still assume that the only possible answers are those offered by the deficiency theories of the 1960s: either genetic inferiority or cultural deprivation. This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book points out that the problem is not a specifically American one: lower-caste groups have poor school records everywhere in the world. Membership in a lower caste implies a limited set of possible adult careers. The book describes many aspects of Afro-American culture that are in more or less direct conflict with the social and cognitive structure of the school. It demonstrates that public schools can be effective in teaching poor and minority children, but that most of them fail to do so.

Pelvic floor dysfunctions have an impact on women's sexual function. A Chilean study found that 74% of women have pelvic floor dysfunctions, but there is no validated tool for them.To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) for assessing sexual function in Chilean women with pelvic floor dysfunctions.Cross-sectional study of psychometrics in 217 women with pelvic floor dysfunction, age 18 or older, and sexually active (last 6 months). Non-probability, convenience sampling. Tool: PISQ-12. Experts checked content validity, construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis, reliability with Cronbach's alpha, and discriminating capacity with Pearson and McDonald's omega.Population is mainly perimenopausal, highly educated with no income and with urinary incontinence (89.4%). Psychometric analysis supports a three-factor structure: sexual response, female sexual problems, and male sexual problems, with a good (α= 0.85), acceptable (α= 0.73), and poor (α= 0.63) reliability, respectively, but McDonald's omega was acceptable for all three. These were related to age (rPISQ-12 is valid and reliable for measuring sexual dimension and problems. Age, education, and number of pregnancies and vaginal births are moderately correlated to sexual response.Las disfunciones del piso pélvico impactan la función sexual de mujeres que la padecen. En un estudio chileno un 74% de las mujeres presentó disfunción sexual sin tener un instrumento validado para esta población.Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas delEstudio transversal psicométrico de 217 mujeres con disfunción del piso pélvico, igual /mayor a 18 años, sexualmente activas (últimos 6 meses). Muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia. Cuestionario: PISQ-12. Se realizó juicio de expertos para validez de contenido, análisis factorial confirmatorio para validez de constructo y el α de Cronbach para confiabilidad y capacidad discriminativa con Pearson y ω de McDonald.Población principalmente perimenopáusica, alta escolaridad sin ingresos y con Incontinencia Urinaria (89.4%). El análisis psicométrico apoyó una estructura de tres factores: respuesta sexual, limitaciones sexuales femeninas y limitaciones sexuales masculinas, con confiabilidad buena (α= 0.85) aceptable (α= 0.73) y pobre (α= 0.63), respectivamente, aunque el ω de McDonald mostró valores aceptables para los tres. Éstos se relacionaron con edad (rs: -0.33), escolaridad (0.36), número de embarazos (-0.18) y partos vaginales (-0.25).El PISQ-12 es válido y confiable, midiendo la dimensión sexual y limitaciones sexuales. La edad, escolaridad, número de embarazos y partos vaginales se correlaciona con la respuesta sexual en intensidad moderada.

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Since the expected exposure dose of photoresist is an important parameter in the usability of EUV at a reasonable cost, the Lithography IRDS Focus Team (IFT) developed a photospeed projection as part of the 2019 IRDS lithography roadmap. We used two different methods to do this. Both methods started with the assumption that the 7-nm node critical layers exposed using EUV single exposure just meet the CDU requirement. This is equivalent to assuming that EUV users picked the fastest resist possible that still met requirements. Method one was to separate the required CD control for the 7nm node into a portion due to photon shot noise and a portion due to resist stochastics. Although the literature has widely varying numbers for the relative amounts of photon shot noise and resist stochastics, this approach did provide some insight. If one assumes most of the CDU is mostly due to photon stochastics, then substantial resist improvements from node to node, for example 20% less stochastic CD variation, doesn’t make much difference to the total stochastics. But if there isn’t resist improvement, then even doubling the source power from node to node won’t meet CDU requirements. If we assume that resist stochastics make up almost all of the CDU observed at the 7-nm node, then no reasonable amount of dose increase meets future requirements. Only if a combination of significant resist improvement and significant dose increases is used can you meet requirements. The second approach was to extrapolate using k4.1 In this case, assuming a typical current value of k4, we estimate a typical line and space 7-nm node exposure dose to be to be 36 mJ/cm2. We used the reported historical improvement in equivalent k1 for resists as a guide for how fast resist k4 can improve. This projected that typical resist exposure doses will have to increase over 30% per node on average to meet CDU and LER requirements for the leading-edge logic devices, leading to dose requirements < 100 mJ/cm2 by the 1.5 nm node. We will discuss the challenges in meeting this roadmap and how the industry may adapt to the future challenge of lower noise imaging processes.

In this paper, CSS’s Christine Eriksen, Florian Roth, Linda Maduz and Tim Prior propose a re-examination of the dynamic relationship between affluence and vulnerability —a complex association defined as the Affluence–Vulnerability Interface (AVI). A more nuanced understanding of the AVI can (1) problematize the notion that increasing material affluence necessarily has a mitigating influence on social vulnerability, (2) extend analysis of social vulnerability beyond low-income regions to include affluent contexts and (3) improve understanding of how psychosocial characteristics influence people’s vulnerability. In diesem Papier schlagen die CSS Forscher Christine Eriksen, Florian Roth, Linda Maduz und Tim Prior eine erneute Untersuchung der dynamischen Beziehung zwischen Wohlstand und Verwundbarkeit vor — eine komplexe Verbindung, die als Affluence-Vulnerability Interface (AVI) definiert wird. Ein nuancierteres Verständnis der AVI kann (1) die Vorstellung problematisieren, dass zunehmender materieller Wohlstand notwendigerweise einen mildernden Einfluss auf die soziale Verwundbarkeit hat, (2) die Analyse der sozialen Verwundbarkeit über einkommensschwache Regionen hinaus auf wohlhabende Kontexte ausdehnen und (3) das Verständnis dafür verbessern, wie psychosoziale Merkmale die Verwundbarkeit von Menschen beeinflussen. ISSN:0165-0009 ISSN:1573-1480