Search

Objetivo: describir modelos de negocio digitales mediante la variante de suscripción freemiun como necesidad social en Cuba. Método: el estudio se realizó desde enero a diciembre de 2022 sobre siete empresas en la categoría de servicios de La Habana, Cuba. se valoró la prestación de servicios o accesibilidad a contenidos gratuitos de parcialidad (free) para cualquier usuario y tipo de cobro por contenido o servicio de exclusividad (premium) para clientes con mejores prestaciones. Las características que se analizan fueron: ingresos, clientes, relaciones, precios, canales, recursos clave. Asimismo, se considera la venta de información. Resultados: no se encontró modelos digitales de servicios free y tampoco premium en las empresas de servicios, a pesar que en sus carteras de servicios se identificaron las características de los modelos digitales de suscripción. Del mismo modo, existió ausencia de ventas efectivas al consumidor desde la información empresarial. Discusión: se necesita que las empresas de servicios implementen los contenidos para la satisfacción de los consumidores. En el caso del contenido free se requiere que exista mayor publicidad y en el premium analizarse su restricción. Conclusiones: se demanda que las empresas de servicios consultadas la suscripción freemium debe implementarse como modelo de negocio digital para su competitividad.

Self-healing materials have attracted great interest in recent years. Particularly, the use of thermoset/thermoplastics blends has emerged as a good option with relatively low activation temperatures and potential infinite healing cycles. Nevertheless, a methodical study of healing conditions and evaluation is still required for further industrial development. The effect of activation temperature and crack morphology in polycaprolactone (PCL)/epoxy blends are explored. For this purpose, PCL content was varied (5, 10, and 15 wt %) with contents lower than critical composition. Therefore, the morphology of all studied blends is the epoxy matrix with a separated PCL phase. In this sense, an increase in PCL content leads to a reduction in the Tg, due to the partial PCL miscibility, and the presence of larger PCL domains. It was observed that a higher temperature (150 °C) and PCL content led to a more efficient self-healing process because of both the lower viscosity of the melted PCL at higher temperatures and the presence of larger PCL reservoirs when increasing the PCL content. Crack morphology influence was studied by inducing cracks with different tools: a custom crack machine with a cutting blade, a scalpel, and a pin. The results show that the recovery was better when the cracks were smaller and shallower, that is, with the pin. In addition, the healing efficiency by means of both parameters, crack volume and depth change, showed more similar results in slimmer cracks, due to a lower crack width-to-depth ratio.

Sequential dual-cured epoxy composites, based on off-stoichiometric thiol–epoxy mixtures catalysed by 1-methylimidazole, have been developed by adding carbon nanotubes (CNT). The epoxy curing process initially consists in two thermally activated curing stages: a first thiol–epoxy reaction and later homopolymerization at a higher temperature. This system presents easy shaping/conforming and shape memory properties through thermo-mechanical treatments. Addition of the electrical CNT network into the epoxy matrix allows electrical switching, which increases its performance and in-situ applicability. The obtained results confirmed that CNTs catalyse the homopolymerization epoxy reaction, hindering the sequential curing process, due to the π–π anchoring of imidazole catalyser over the CNTs surface, enhanced by donor–acceptor interaction. Non-doped off-stoichiometric resins present relatively high thermal strength, with a glass transition temperature in the range of 73–109 °C, and high stiffness, with a storage modulus close to 2–3 GPa. They can be easily conformed at low temperature, 60 °C, before their second curing stage, showing a high shaping efficiency (around 90%) and full fixing efficiency (>98%). Nanocomposites with 0.2% CNT present efficient Joule heating, triggering the shape memory at low voltage

The shape memory (SM) capabilities of nanocomposites based on two photocurable acrylated/methacrylated resins, doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and manufactured by digital light processing 3D printing were investigated. The mechanical properties and glass transition temperature (Tg) can be tailored in a broad range by varying the weight ratio of the two resins (Tg ranging from 15 to 190 °C; Young’s modulus from 1.5 to 2500 MPa). Shape fixity (SF) and recovery (SR) ratios are strongly influenced by the temperature being significantly higher at temperatures close to the Tg. The results confirm that the SF strongly depends on the stiffness of chain segments between cross-linking points, whereas the SR mainly depends on the cross-link density of the network. CNT addition barely affects the SF and SR in the conventional oven, whereas the recovery speed using IR heating is significantly increased for the doped nanocomposites due to their higher IR absorbance.

The importance of proper CNT dispersion is still the main challenge in CNTs doped epoxy nanocomposites. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of toroidal stirring-assisted sonic...

Self-heating GNPs-based electrical networks were successfully obtained for their use in electrothermal applications. The electrical resistance of the GNPs-networks created on glass fiber fabrics was strongly dependent on fiber direction. The electrothermal response was fast and the maximum temperature was achieved in the system after ∼20 s. Increments in temperature above 80°C were obtained at the surface of the coated glass fiber fabric at relatively low intensity currents. Cyclic self-heating did not cause appreciable diminution in performance. Additionally, their potential application in evaluation of the quality of dispersion of the nanoreinforcement was demonstrated, as regions with lower contents in GNPs showed higher temperature due to weak links between GNPs located in highly conductive paths forming the electrical network.

The use of polymer and polymer-based composites has increased over the last decades [...]

Over the last 30 years, the study of the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) has increased exponentially. Among the various signaling pathways affected by IR, p38 MAPK has been shown to be activated both in vitro and in vivo, with involvement in key processes triggered by IR-mediated genotoxic insult, such as the cell cycle, apoptosis or senescence. However, we do not yet have a definitive clue about the role of p38 MAPK in terms of radioresistance/sensitivity and its potential use to improve current radiotherapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on this family of MAPKs in response to IR as well as in different aspects related to radiotherapy, such as their role in the control of REDOX, fibrosis, and in the radiosensitizing effect of several compounds.

The influence of the average surface area of different graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on the thermo-electrical behaviour, associated with Joule heating, and the attenuation of electromagnetic signals of epoxy composites has been studied, analysing the effect of the morphology obtained as a function of the dispersion time by ultrasonication and the GNP content added. Gravity moulding was used as the first stage in the scaling-up, oriented to the industrial manufacture of multilayer coatings, observing a preferential self-orientation of nanoparticles and, in several conditions, a self-stratification too. The increase of sonication time during the GNP dispersion provides a decrease in the electrical conductivity, due to the GNP fragmentation. Instead, the thermal conductivity is enhanced due to the higher homogeneous distribution of GNPs into the epoxy matrix. Finally, the lower surface area of GNPs reduces the thermal and electrical conductivity due to a greater separation between nanosheets. Regarding the study of the attenuation of electromagnetic waves, it has been discovered that in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 20 MHz, this attenuation is independent of the direction of analysis, the type of graphene, the sonication time, and the state of dispersion of the nano-reinforcement in the matrix. Furthermore, it has also been observed that the conservation of the constant shielding values for the three types of GNPs are in a range of average frequencies between 0.3 and 3 MHz.

In this paper, a novel carbon nanotube (CNT) polycaprolactone (PCL), epoxy, and glass fiber (GF) composite is reported. Here, the nanoreinforced composites show a flexural strength increase of around 30%, whereas the interlaminar shear strength increases by 10–15% in comparison to unenhanced samples. This occurs because the addition of the CNTs induces a better PCL/epoxy/GF interaction. Furthermore, the nanoparticles also give novel functionalities to the multiscale composite, such as strain and damage monitoring. Here, the electrical response of the tensile- and compressive-subjected faces was simultaneously measured during flexural tests as well as the transverse conductivity in interlaminar tests, showing an exceptional capability for damage detection. Moreover, it was observed that the electrical sensitivity increases with PCL content due to a higher efficiency of the dispersion process that promotes the creation of a more uniform electrical network.

The present work studies the electrical and electrothermal properties of CNT/GNP-doped nanocomposites for optimizing their anti-icing and de-icing capabilities. Here, a comparison between 3D-printed circuits and coatings based on these materials is carried out. In this regard, the higher electrical conductivity that is achieved by the specimens when increasing the nanoparticle content and the higher cross-sectional area of the coatings with regard to the 3D-printed circuits induces a higher heat generated by the Joule’s effect. Moreover, the successful de-icing test performed by the specimen with the highest self-heating capability, evinces that the studied nanocomposites are suitable for de-icing purposes.

We introduce a systemic methodological procedure that uncovers the systems based environmental circumstances that dynamically shape the stochastic epigenetic-landscape that underlies the regulatory processes that give rise to the root-hair pattern-fomation. Finally, we explore the short-term response that the involved multi-stable core gene regulatory network gives to some chosen specific exogenous stimuli that code short-term environmental change. For our case the explored environmental signals quantify the concentration of the phosphate available in the soil material. Our formal systemic methodological approach successfully predicts the self-organized Arabidopsis thalianaroot-hair spatial patterning formation, and provide some insights into the sufficient structural complex generic mechanisms that causally explain it.

This work consists of the development of an easy strategy to transform any structure into an efficient surface heater by the application of a low voltage over 3D printed nanocomposite circuits. To this end, the electrical conductivity and self-heating capabilities of UV-Assisted Direct Write 3D printed circuits doped with carbon nanotubes were widely explored as a function of the number of printed layers. Moreover, an optimization of the printing process was carried out by comparing the accuracy and printability obtained when printing with two different configurations: extruding and curing the ink in the same stage or curing the extruded ink in a second stage, after the whole layer was deposited. In this regard, the great homogeneity and repeatability of the heating showed by the four-layer printed circuits, together with their excellent performance for long heating times, proved their applicability to convert any structure to a surface heater. Finally, the deicing capability of the four-layer circuit was demonstrated, being able to remove a 2.5 mm thick ice layer in 4 min and 4 s.

Electrical and electromechanical properties of hybrid graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced composites were analyzed under two different sonication conditions. The electrical conductivity increases with increasing nanofiller content, while the optimum sonication time decreases in a low viscosity media. Therefore, for samples with a higher concentration of GNPs, an increase of sonication time of the hybrid GNP/CNT mixture generally leads to an enhancement of the electrical conductivity, up to values of 3 S/m. This means that the optimum sonication process to achieve the best performances is reached in the longest times. Strain sensing tests show a higher prevalence of GNPs at samples with a high GNP/CNT ratio, reaching gauge factors of around 10, with an exponential behavior of electrical resistance with applied strain, whereas samples with lower GNP/CNT ratio have a more linear response owing to a higher prevalence of CNT tunneling transport mechanisms, with gauge factors of around 3–4.

Co-cured multi-material metal–polymer composites joints are recent interesting structural materials for locally reinforcing a structure in specific areas of high structural requirements, in fibre metal laminates and lightweight high-performance structures. The influence of manufacturing processes on the morphological quality and their mechanical behaviour has been analysed on joints constituted by sol-gel treated Ti6Al4V and carbon fibre reinforced composites (CFRP). In addition, carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been added to an epoxy matrix to develop multiscale CNT reinforced CFRP, increasing their electrical conductivity and allowing their structural health monitoring (SHM). Mechanical behaviour of manufactured multi-material joints is analysed by the measurement of lap shear strength (LSS) and Mode I adhesive fracture energy (GIC) using double cantilever beam specimens (DCB). It has been proven that the addition of MWCNT improves the conductivity of the multi-material joints, even including surface treatment with sol-gel, allowing structural health monitoring (SHM). Moreover, it has been proven that the manufacturing process affects the polymer interface thickness and the porosity, which strongly influence the mechanical and SHM behaviour. On the one hand, the increase in the adhesive layer thickness leads to a great improvement in mode I fracture energy. On the other hand, a lower interface thickness enhances the SHM sensibility due to the proximity between MWCNT and layers of conductive substrates, carbon woven and titanium alloy.

This paper reports on an investigation of the critical parameters which determine the electrical and electromechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites. For this purpose, a novel analytical model, based on the tunnelling mechanisms of CNTs, is proposed. Three dispersion parameters are introduced in the model to reflect the CNT aggregation state. Microscopy analysis and electrical and strain monitoring tests were carried out on CNT nanocomposites manufactured by toroidal stirring and three roll milling. It is observed that electrical conductivity is greatly affected by dispersion procedure as well as strain sensitivity, measured by the gauge factor (GF). Generally, well dispersed materials have higher conductivities and GF. In this regard, the aggregate ratio has a prevalent effect. Experimental data and theoretical predictions allow the correlation of dispersion parameters given by manufacturing procedures with electrical properties to develop highly sensitive nanocomposites. This demonstrates the potential and applicability of the proposed model.

This paper presents a process where carbon fibers and hydrogen can be recovered simultaneously through a two-stage thermal treatment of an epoxy-carbon fiber composite. For this purpose, some pieces of epoxy resin reinforced with carbon fiber fabrics have been fabricated and, after curing, have been pyrolyzed in an installation consisting of two reactors. In the first one, the thermal decomposition of the resin takes place, and in the second one, the gases and vapors coming from the first reactor are thermally treated. Once this process is completed, the solid generated is oxidized with air to eliminate the resin residues and carbonaceous products from the fibers surface. The recovered carbon fiber fabrics have been reused to make new cured parts and their electrical and mechanical properties have been measured. The results show that it is possible to obtain carbon fiber fabrics that can be processed as they leave the recycling process and that retain 80% of the tensile modulus, 70% of the flexural strength, and 50% of the interlaminar shear strength. At the same time, a gaseous stream with more than 66% by volume of hydrogen can be obtained, reaching a maximum of 81.7%. This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government through the project with reference PID2019-110770RB-I00 and by the Basque Government through the project with reference KK-2020/00107 (ELKARTEK program). Besides, the Basque Government also contributed to this work by means of the regular funding granted to consolidated research teams (IT993-16) and the researcher training grant awarded to Naia Gastelu.

Graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) doped epoxy/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends have been proposed in the present work. It has been observed that the addition of GNPs induces an enhancement on the electrical conductivity with a prevalent exponential behavior due to the hopping conduction. In this regard, the presence of small insulating domains of PCL leads to an increase of the electrical conductivity due to the reduction of agglomerates. Furthermore, the addition of GNPs allows the thermal heating by Joule's Effect, leading to an autonomous self-healing due to the melting of the PCL. In this context, several samples where subjected to Joule's activated healing, leading to healing efficiencies from 40 to 70% under the presence of an artificial crack. Therefore, the proposed novel materials open a way for autonomous self-healable systems. S0266353821003067

Shape memory (SM) materials have been widely investigated for several years. Most polymers present SM behaviour based on their thermo-mechanical properties. However, they are usually stimulated by an external heating source, hindering their industrial application. The addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) allows turning conventional SM polymers into electro-active actuators. In this regard, the resistive heating by the Joule effect is considerably fast with a low energy cost. The most used epoxy resins cured at high temperature are based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with aromatic amine hardeners, such as diaminodiohenylsulfone (DDS) and 4,4′diamine-diphenylmetane (DDM). In this work, they were synthesised with modification of the epoxy/amine ratio to vary the crosslinking density of networks so as to build up different viscoelastic properties in order to tailor their SM behaviour. Electrically conductive nanocomposites were manufactured by adding a CNT percentage above the percolation threshold. A comparison of SM behaviour stimulated by traditional convection and resistive heating was carried out, confirming the higher recovery ratio, speed, and applicability of the electrical stimuli. In addition, the configuration of electrodes allows the design of self-deployable materials with remote control. In this way, the most common dual-shape SM polymers (one permanent shape and one temporary shape) can easily develop several stable temporary shapes. Moreover, the electrical remote control provides sequential and selective actuators, enhancing their performance for developing smart structures with shape memory capability.

El cuidado de Enfermería constituye el objetivo, el cuerpo y la finalidad de la profesión, cuidar implica preocupación, acompañamiento, sensibilidad y competencias, tiene como objetivo analizar los documentos curriculares de la carrera que identifique la formación de un cuidado más humanizado, para ello se aplicó una metodología documental-descriptivo revisando los diseños currículos no vigente y vigente – rediseño, así como el pensum de estudio, el programa de asignaturas y los sílabos concluyendo que en el diseño no vigente no se especifica el sustento epistémico con aporte de los modelos conceptuales mientras que en el diseño actual figura la teoría de Watson, los cambios de asignaturas contempla una línea de formación de un cuidado más humanizado a través del desarrollo de competencias que fortalezca los valores declarados en la carrera. Para ello se debe fortalecer a través del microcurrículo el empoderamiento del postulado filosófico de la teorizante ya que es a partir de la formación de pregrado cuando el estudiante adquiere competencias cuyo significado de valores y principios promueven el rescate de la dignidad humana, lo que le permitirá ser autónomo, desarrollar compromiso social, capacidad crítica racional, tomar postura transformadora, entender el respeto por el otro y su compromiso con el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de la profesión.

[ES] Este trabajo consiste en la presentación de un plan de empresa para la creación de una residencia destinada a jóvenes trabajadores en Valencia. Esta residencia o vivienda para jóvenes es un establecimiento en el cual ofrecemos alquiler de habitaciones preferiblemente a empleados de entre 18 y 29 años. Este tipo de residencia proporciona un alojamiento temporal que dispone de habitaciones y espacios comunes como un comedor, una lavandería, un gimnasio, una sala de eventos, una biblioteca con área de ordenadores, etc. La idea es que jóvenes que comienzan su vida laboral con recursos modestos o precarios tengan la oportunidad de independizarse a un precio económico y, al mismo tiempo, crecer a nivel personal y profesional. Para obtener acceso a esta residencia se requiere tener entre 18 y 29 años como máximo y estar empleado con contrato laboral, ya sea temporal, por obra o servicio, en prácticas, de formación y aprendizaje o con contrato eventual. El alojamiento tiene una doble función. Por una parte, las habitaciones proporcionan alojamiento a jóvenes que buscan emanciparse a un precio relativamente bajo, por otra parte, la función socioeducativa favorece la socialización de estos jóvenes a través de diversas formas de acción relacionadas con la vida cotidiana, el empleo, la movilidad, la formación, el ocio y la cultura. Queremos mencionar que la organización no tiene como misión ser una entidad sin ánimo de lucro, sino una empresa, que más allá de tener una finalidad económica, tiene una finalidad social., [EN] The idea of this project is to open a residence focused on young workers in Valencia who seek independence at an economical price while they start working in the world. This type of accommodation offers a first quality service that favors the emancipation and personal and professional growth of these young people in society.

Smart coatings based on polymer matrix doped with carbon nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes or graphene, are being widely studied. The addition of carbon nanofillers into organic coatings usually enhances their performance, increasing their barrier properties, corrosion resistance, hardness, and wear strength. Moreover, the developed composites provide a new generation of protective organic coatings, being able to intelligently respond to damage or external stimuli. Carbon nanoparticles induce new functionalities to polymer coatings, most of them related to the higher electrical conductivity of nanocomposite due to the formation of percolation network. These coatings can be used as strain sensors and gauges, based on the variation of their electrical resistance (structural health monitoring, SHM). In addition, they act as self-heaters by the application of electrical voltage associated to resistive heating by Joule effect. This opens new potential applications, particularly deicing and defogging coatings. Superhydrophobic and self-cleaning coatings are inspired from lotus effect, designing micro- and nanoscaled hierarchical surfaces. Coatings with self-healable polymer matrix are able to repair surface damages. Other relevant smart capabilities of these new coatings are flame retardant, lubricating, stimuli-chromism, and antibacterial activity, among others.

The use of graphene nanoplatelets for several purposes such as barrier properties and structural health monitoring is widely studied in polymer-based coating technology. Nevertheless, their extremely good effect on wear resistance makes them particularly interesting for coating technology. The effect of graphene nanoplatelets addition on the wear behaviour of an epoxy resin was analysed. The effects of graphene nanoplatelets content (0–8 wt.%), morphology and functionalization in wear behaviour were analysed by evaluating the main wear parameters of the nanocomposites studied. The morphology of the wear surfaces was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D optical profilometry in order to evaluate the mechanism and severity of wear. The results showed that the wear behaviour of the epoxy resin improved considerably with the addition of graphene, especially for higher contents. Moreover, as the wear mechanism depends on the morphology of graphene nanoplatelets, it was concluded that the proper selection of graphene can be made depending on the chosen application.

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films were manufactured and tested under different aging conditions by varying the surfactant content added to enhance CNT dispersion. Single lap shear (SLS) tests were conducted in their initial state and after 1 and 2 months immersed in distilled water at 60 &deg, C. In addition, their electrical response was measured in terms of the electrical resistance change through thickness. The lap shear strength showed an initial decrease due to plasticization of weak hydrogen bonds, and then a partial recovery due to secondary crosslinking. This plasticization effect was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis with a decrease in the glass transition temperature. The electrical response varied with aging conditions, showing a higher plasticity region in the 1-month SLS joints, and a sharper increase in the case of the non-aged and 2-month-aged samples, these changes were more prevalent with increasing surfactant content. By adjusting the measured electrical data to simple theoretical calculations, it was possible to establish the first estimation of damage accumulation, which was higher in the case of non-aged and 2-month-aged samples, due to the presence of more prevalent brittle mechanisms for the CNT-doped joints.

Mechanical and strain sensing capabilities of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced composites manufactured by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology have been studied. Both CNT content and a post-curing treatment effects have been analyzed. It has been observed that post-curing treatment has a significant influence on mechanical properties, with an increase of Young&rsquo, s modulus and glass transition temperature whereas their effect in electrical properties is not so important. Furthermore, the strain sensing tests show a linear response of electrical resistance with applied strain, with higher values of sensitivity when decreasing CNT content due to a higher interparticle distance. Moreover, the electrical sensitivity of bending tests is significantly lower than in tensile ones due to the compression subjected face effect. Therefore, the good gauge factor values (around 2&ndash, 3) and the high linear response proves the applicability of the proposed nanocomposites in structural health monitoring applications.

El presente artí­culo pretende ser una herramienta que permita mostrar la ruta o camino que debe seguir la Superintendencia de Notariado y Registro -SNR -, en la implementación del proceso de gestión del conocimiento e innovación, validar el aporte y aptitud innovadora delos funcionarios de la entidad lo mismo que el apoyo por parte de la alta gerencia. El proyecto de investigación adelantado demuestra que los resultados de investigación reflejan algunas tendencias poco favorables para la entidad, como lo son la desmotivación y poca participación en proyectos estratégicos. En ese contexto la administración pública debe construir o fortalecer un modelo de gestión de investigación, conocimiento e innovación que llegue a las entidades, que brinden asesorí­a puntual de acuerdo con la misión estratégica de cada una de ellas, fomentando un plan de capacitación a facilitadores del proceso, que fortalezcan la cultura innovadora en el sector público. Incluye referencias bibliográficas

La investigación consiste en un estudio descriptivo, a partir del cual se propone una herramienta para la evaluación de desempeño por competencias en la etapa productiva de los aprendices del SENA. Para ello, se realizó un análisis de la metodologí­a de evaluación, en laque los instructores manifestaron estar inconformes con el plan de seguimiento utilizado actualmente en la etapa productiva de los aprendices. Puesto que, es insuficiente para medir y considerar variables que apunten a las competencias especí­ficas de los aprendices. Así­ mismo, la percepción de los aprendices sobre la importancia de la evaluación de desempeño por competencias es favorable toda vez que la consideran como una oportunidad para identificar nuevas oportunidades para mejorar su capacidad laboral. Se concluye que es factible una herramienta tecnologí­a para la evaluación por competencias, dado que ayudara no solo a 2mejorar y conocer las competencias de los aprendices, sino también la eficiencia en el proceso de evaluación. Incluye referencias bibliográficas

Las empresas son agentes de cambio, buscando espacios en los que fomentar la investigación interdisciplinar para lograr estilos de vida sostenibles encaminados al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030. En este artí­culo se realiza una propuesta de un modelo, de la contribución de Coctemar, al cumplimiento de los ODS a partir dela situación actual de la gestión de investigación en Ciencia, Tecnologí­a e Innovación (CTI) y sus otras dependencias. En el que se utilizó un procedimiento que utiliza análisis cualitativo a través de análisis de documentos oficiales de Coctemar, entrevistas, observaciones. Los resultados obtenidos es un modelo que permite a la corporación identificar cuáles son los ODS en los que está trabajando e identificar a cuáles apuntarles en un mayor grado y desde la innovación la empresa puede hallar nuevos mercados, nuevos negocios, así­ como estrategias de colaboración e impacto social. Incluye referencias bibliográficas (página 9).

Este trabajo se enmarca en un contexto donde al gestionar el conocimiento, se obtienen resultados en los niveles de productividad en una organización, presentándose esta como factor determinante para alcanzar objetivos y mantener una ventaja competitiva, para dar respuesta al hecho de que la sociedad se enfrenta cada dí­a a grandes desafí­os para los cuales no hay sentencia pronta, obligándolos a la adaptación y actualización permanente como medida de reacción a hechos que están ocurriendo, esto debido a la manera en que se toman decisiones, por como llevan a cabo su dí­a a dí­a y la información que manejan para el desarrollo de respuestas que solucionen momentáneamente la situación, sin fijarse en lo trascendental; trabajar sobre las causas de riesgo y no sobre los sí­ntomas, enfocándose en mantener la productividad en niveles básicos y evitar contratiempos al momento de hacer entrega de lo requerido por quienes podrí­an ser llamados sus clientes, pero sin gestionar de manera adecuada los procesos efectivos que garanticen la satisfacción de estos y hasta el valor agregado en el producto final. Para esto surge el planteamiento de factores sesgados hacia la reducción de los niveles de riesgo que se manejan bajo el proceso para obtener algún producto, priorizando el conocimiento sobre temas puntuales para la toma de decisiones involucradas en la productividad. Incluye referencias bibliográficas.

La posibilidad de diseñar un modelo conceptual para la gestión del conocimiento puede ser elaborado desde diferentes puntos de vista. En el caso particular de este trabajo, se toman como referencia los conceptos claves de capacidades dinámicas, actúan como factor dinamizador de un conocimiento nuevo y las comunidades de práctica como plataforma en el cual se implementará un modelo de gestión de conocimiento, que está conformado por un grupo de personas que tienen conocimiento y experticia en el campo de fuentes de energí­as no convencionales, desde el punto de vista metodológico, se utiliza una perspectiva cualitativa, y como método de exploración se utiliza el modelo factorial de primeros componentes y una aproximación de correspondencia simple. Este trabajo es una primera aproximación a la combinación de capacidades dinámicas, gestión del conocimiento y los elementos claves que definen la construcción de una comunidad de práctica, estos elementos se combinan para generar una primera aproximación a un modelo de gestión del conocimiento, obviamente este trabajo es un inicio de futuras investigaciones que puedan operacionalizar, modifica y mejorar el modelo propuesto. Incluye referencias bibliográficas

Actualmente la gestión de proyectos se ha convertido en un factor clave para el desarrollo y éxito de las organizaciones empresariales, dinamizando la generación de estudios académicos en su entorno, convirtiéndola por si sola en un agente esencial en la gestión de cambio. En este proceso de consolidación y búsqueda de una gestión eficiente de proyectos, se han desarrollado e implementado metodologí­as de trabajo relacionadas con el entorno especifico del proyecto. La literatura especifica de hoy permite diferenciar entre las metodologí­as para gestión de proyectos estándar y desarrollos personalizados para algunos tipos de proyectos, lo que ha llevado a implementar recientemente modelos agiles que integran a su marco de trabajo herramientas duras y blandas para la solución de problemas, permitiendo acciones rápidas, coincidentes e integradas con las necesidades del proyecto. Otra metodologí­a ampliamente utiliza para la solución de problemas, la cual en su fase inicial integra la experiencia de los clientes, es el design thinking, la cual se ha integrado al desarrollo de proyectos para creación de valor hacia el cliente y aumentar la relevancia que tienen estos para las organizaciones, promoviendo siempre la comunicación entre los interesados y el equipo del proyecto. Esta integración entre la gestión de proyectos y el design thinking, busca evaluar la funcionalidad de un entorno de trabajo para la solución de problemas en proyectos, durante su fase de ejecución, los cuales son desarrollados por organizaciones industriales inmersas en mercados competitivos y globalizados, los cuales generan dinámicas disimiles en su entorno, requiriendo cambios orgánicos en la forma como la organización ejecuta sus proyectos. Incluye referencias bibliográficas.

Innovar en la "era del conocimiento" en la que se está viviendo resulta ser una necesidad paralas instituciones educativas, más aún si estás se desenvuelven en entornos cada vez más competitivos como es el sector de innovación y emprendimiento, en el cual muchas instituciones realizan innovaciones desde grados superiores, incursionando en el liderazgo único de cada persona. Slideshare (2016), una forma de pensar y de actuar que genera, desarrolla y establece valores, convicciones y actitudes propensos a suscitar, asumir e impulsar ideas y cambios que suponen mejoras en el funcionamiento y eficiencia en el ser humano, aun cuando ello implique una ruptura con lo convencional o tradicional. En este sentido el estudio se caracteriza a través de una metodologí­a deductiva encaminada a realizar encuestas abiertas, entrevistas cerradas encamina a observar y medir las variables(categorí­as) de una cultura organizacional enfocada hacia la innovación. Siendo así­ el tipo de investigación fue cualitativo y de encuesta de percepción, donde arrojo variables especí­ficas dentro de un cuestionario de cultura ya planteado, con una sola medición en el tiempo para posteriormente desarrollar una propuesta sustentada en apoyar herramientas metodológicas que permitan promover el emprendimiento e innovación. Adicionalmente, 2este estudio consistió "en la elaboración de una propuesta metodológica para el desarrollo de competencia o herramientas hacia el emprendimiento e innovación en las instituciones de educación media. Incluye referencias bibliográficas

Actualmente la nanotecnologí­a (NT)1, se está convirtiendo en un factor de alta trascendencia en el desarrollo y mejoramiento de procesos productivos y se debe asumir como un importante camino para incrementar la competitividad internacional en la búsqueda de un mayor crecimiento económico. Este panorama a nivel mundial evidencia la necesidad de determinar el grado de desarrollo que tiene la nanotecnologí­a en Colombia, especialmente haciendo referencia a la producción cientí­fica y tecnológica, manifestada en artí­culos, patentes y desarrollo de productos, ya sea por los grupos de investigación de las distintas universidades del paí­s , institutos tecnológicos o empresas, ello permitirá identificar lí­neas de trabajo y establecer el potencial de oportunidades que pueden tener las empresas colombianas para hacer innovaciones basadas en la nanotecnologí­a Incluye referencias bibliográficas

El artí­culo de investigación titulado-propuesta de un modelo de gestión empresarial de unidades productivas de Economí­a Solidaria con los jóvenes del corregimiento Pozo Azul– San Pablo Bolí­var, en el posacuerdo. Busca establecer estrategias que permitan involucrara los jóvenes en la construcción de un modelo jurí­dico solidario, como alternativa de convivencia y calidad de vida, que apunte a la construcción y proyección de una sociedad en más equitativa e incluyente que asegure a las generaciones presente y futuras. El eje fundamental de construcción de este modelo es el fortalecimiento de capital social mediante el acompañamiento a la sociedad solidaria, para que puedan ser aplicadas en toda la región como resultado de la presente investigación. Esta oportunidad expone el modelo de economí­a solidaria como estrategia es fundamental para el postconflicto, más aún se debe hacer un trabajo en la comunidad de jóvenes para que ellos la apropien y se convenzan de que este tipo de soluciones conjuntas son el norte. Es por ello, que se pretende ayudar a gestionar, la comercialización de la producción agrí­cola con valor agregado, procesos de transformación, pero con el enfoque exportador. Lo anterior se logra con la metodologí­a de victorias tempranas y teniendo un equipo que se comprometa con la comercialización de los productos, gestión de recursos para esta comunidad y la constante capacitación buscando convencer a la población de cómo aprovechar las nuevas oportunidades de comercialización sociales. De ahí­ que se establece como objetivo diseñar una propuesta de modelo de desarrollo de economí­a solidaria para los jóvenes del corregimiento Pozo Azul- San Pablo Bolí­var partiendo de la siguiente pregunta problema ¿Qué estrategias de desarrollo comunitario permiten propiciar un modelo de economí­a solidaria en la Institución Educativa Técnica Agropecuaria Empresarial Pozo Azul. Incluye referencias bibliográficas

This study presents an investigation of the influence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWCNTs) on tensile and impact strengths of epoxy based nanocomposites. Two different CNTs weight percentages were employed including 0.5 and 0.75 wt.% in order to verify their effects on microstructures and mechanical properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) were used to analyze the microstructural characteristics of the CNT doped epoxy including presence of defects such as air bubbles, tiny pores and aggregates. DWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites presented higher amount of pores due to lack of functionalization, while SWCNTs/epoxy ones showed more entanglement mostly at high CNT loading due to its larger aspect ratio. Results showed that tensile strength was slightly enhanced (6 %) for 0.5 wt.% SWCNT, whereas for other nanocomposites it reduced in comparison with the neat epoxy, due to presence of manufacturing defects in the material. Impact strength significantly improved by 51 % and 31 % at 0.5 wt.% SWCNTs and 0.5 wt.% DWCNTs, respectively, resulting from activation of crack bridging and CNTs pull-out mechanisms. Different behaviours between tensile and impact tests are related to homogeneous stress distribution and localized stress concentration in tensile and impact tests, respectively.