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The diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) varies depending on the patient's clinical situation. Actual clinical practice guidelines propose different management strategies. We aim to know the attitude of the gastroenterologists from different hospitalary centers in the management of this entity.Descriptive and observational study using an on-line questionnaire, addressed to gastroenterologists in Spain and Latin America, in December 2021.We included 281 anonymous questionnaires of gastroenterologists from Spain and Latin America. Diagnostic and therapeutic management of severe LGIB was heterogeneous among the participants. Regarding to the first diagnostic modalities they showed variability between performing computed tomography angiography (CTA) (44.5%), gastroscopy (33.1%), colonoscopy (20.6%) and arteriography (1.1%). The therapeutic attitude after a positive CTA mostly varied between performing arteriography (38.1%) and colonoscopy (44.1%). If negative CTA, in the majority of cases a gastroscopy was performed. If the patient needed intensive critical unit (ICU) care and to undergo colonoscopy, most participants performed an urgent colonoscopy (24h) (31% always, 43.4% in most cases); while if the patient did not require ICU admission this percentage was lower (10% always, 33.8% in most cases). The 40.9% of the participants admitted having doubts about the management of this patients and the 98.2% considered the need for a creation of an action protocol.There is a high interhospitalary variability on the management of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding among gastroenterologists. It is necessary to unify the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this pathology.

Although the genetic code of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was sequenced 25 years ago, the characterization of the roles of genes within it is far from complete. The lack of a complete mapping of functions to genes hampers systematic understanding of the biology of the cell. The advent of high-throughput metabolomics offers a unique approach to uncovering gene function with an attractive combination of cost, robustness, and breadth of applicability. Here, we used flow-injection time-of-flight mass spectrometry to dynamically profile the metabolome of 164 loss-of-function mutants in TOR and receptor or receptor-like genes under a time course of rapamycin treatment, generating a dataset with >7000 metabolomics measurements. In order to provide a resource to the broader community, those data are made available for browsing through an interactive data visualization app hosted at https://rapamycin-yeast.ethz.ch. We demonstrate that dynamic metabolite responses to rapamycin are more informative than steady-state responses when recovering known regulators of TOR signaling, as well as identifying new ones. Deletion of a subset of the novel genes causes phenotypes and proteome responses to rapamycin that further implicate them in TOR signaling. We found that one of these genes, CFF1, was connected to the regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis through URA10. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the approach for flagging novel potential TOR signaling-related genes and highlight the utility of dynamic perturbations when using functional metabolomics to deliver biological insight., eLife, 12, ISSN:2050-084X

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are among the main post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. A number of data collections and prediction tools have gathered putative or confirmed targets of these regulators. It is often useful, for discovery and validation, to harness such collections to perform target enrichment analysis in given transcriptional signatures or gene-sets in order to predict involved miRNAs. While several methods have been proposed to this end, a flexible and user-friendly interface for such analyses using various approaches and collections is lacking. enrichMiR (https://ethz-ins.org/enrichMiR/) addresses this gap by enabling users to perform a series of enrichment tests, based on several target collections, to rank miRNAs according to their likely involvement in the control of a given transcriptional signature or geneset. enrichMiR results can furthermore be visualised through interactive and publication-ready plots. To guide the choice of the appropriate analysis method, we benchmarked various tests across a panel of experiments involving the perturbation of known miR-NAs. Finally, we showcase enrichMiR functionalities in a pair of use cases., Nucleic Acids Research, 50 (W1), ISSN:1362-4962, ISSN:0301-5610

[Resumen:] El objeto del presente proyecto es la búsqueda de una solución ante la situación ocasionado por un abandono de una agrupación de parcelas dentro de una malla urbana. Para ello se proyecta la creación de una zona verde que queda apoyada por una pista deportiva y un aparcamiento, que darán servicio a los vecinos como a habitantes del Ayuntamiento de A Coruña. Dicha zona se encuentra situada en la parroquia de San Cristóbal das Viñas, más concretamente en O Lugar do Birloque quedando rodeada por las calles Manuel Ferrol, Juan Darriba y la carretera DP-0512. Este abandono comentado anteriormente produce una serie de problemas de inseguridad y de convivencia vecinal principalmente debido a la gran densidad de vegetación silvestre que crece en dicha parcela lo que conlleva que existan fauna no deseable en un malla urbana, la falta de regularidad tanto en aceras como en alumbrado suman un ingrediente mas a esta falta de seguridad. Es importante destacar que la calle Manuel Ferrol esta habilitada para la circulación en ambos sentidos, pero siendo la anchura no suficiente promovido por la alta densidad de aparcamiento a ambos lados de la calzada conllevando una falta de en laseguridad vial. Los terrenos a los que se hacen mención son de titularidad privada, según el Plan de Organización Municipal del Ayuntamiento de La Coruña el uso del suelo se categoriza como suelo Urbano No Consolidado, con proyecto aprobado en el 2013 para la construcción de dos bloques de uso residencial, que no se llevo a cabo por escasez de fondos de la empresa promotora que la llevo a su quiebra. Las principales necesidades por cubrir, ya se interpretan de lo citado anteriormente y son la reordenación vial, así como la creación de aceras para una mayor seguridad peatonal, la creación de aparcamiento ante la demanda visible de falta zonas de estacionamiento, también se renovara y modificara el aparcamiento existente en la calle Juan Darriba, la creación de una pista polideportiva promovida por la falta de este tipo de equipamientos públicos en la zona y culminando con la creación de una zona verde con sendas peatonales que darán una mayor integración. Se dotará a todas estas nuevas infraestructuras de una red de drenaje, una red de riego y una red de alumbrado consiguiendo una rehabilitación total de la zona. En definitiva, este proyecto trata de dar un impulso a una zona abandonada dotándola de distintos equipamiento integrándola así en la malla urbana. Se contempla en el Plan de Obra un plazo de ejecución de 7 meses, y un presupuesto base licitación sin IVA de 627.170,62 €. Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ETSECCP). Enxeñaría de Obras Públicas. Curso 2021/2022

Resumen Introduccion El tratamiento endoscopico del diverticulo de Zenker es considerado viable, efectivo y seguro. La utilizacion de la tecnica sellado-seccion mediante Ligasure™ proporciona una adecuada y rapida diseccion del tejido, logrando una hemostasia efectiva. Pacientes y metodos Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de todos los pacientes con diverticulo de Zenker que fueron tratados a traves de una diverticulotomia endoscopica utilizando el Ligasure™. El procedimiento se realizo en la unidad de endoscopias, bajo sedacion profunda controlada por el endoscopista. Posteriormente, los pacientes ingresaron para observacion y, despues del alta, se realizo un seguimiento por consultas externas. Resultados Ocho pacientes, 5 mujeres y 3 hombres, edad media: 78 ± 15 anos; 25% ASA I; 36% ASA II; 14% ASA III, y 25% ASA IV. Sintoma principal: disfagia. Tamano de los diverticulos: 1 a 7 cm. Exito tecnico: 100%. Complicaciones: un paciente con HDA. Estancia media: 24 h. Siete pacientes: asintomaticos; un paciente con mejoria parcial, necesitando reintervencion endoscopica. Cirugia y morbimortalidad: 0%. Conclusion El tratamiento del diverticulo de Zenker mediante diverticulotomia endoscopica con Ligasure™ proporciona una gran eficacia, rapidez y seguridad, por lo que podria plantearse como primera eleccion de tratamiento.

Introduction Endoscopic treatment of Zenker diverticulum is considered feasible, effective and safe. The use of the Ligasure™ vessel sealer provides adequate and quick dissection of tissue, achieving effective haemostasis. Patients and methods Retrospective, descriptive study of all patients with Zenker diverticulum who were treated by endoscopic diverticulotomy using Ligasure™. The procedure was performed in the endoscopy unit under deep sedation controlled by the endoscopist. Patients were subsequently admitted for observation and, after discharge, were followed-up in the outpatient clinic. Results Eight patients, 5 women and 3 men, mean age 78 ± 15 years, 25% ASA I, 36% ASA II, 14% ASA III and 25% ASA IV. Main symptom: dysphagia. Diverticula size: 1–7 cm. Technical success: 100%. Complications: one patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Average stay: 24 h. Seven patients: asymptomatic; one patient with partial improvement, requiring repeat endoscopic intervention. Surgery and morbidity and mortality: 0%. Conclusion The treatment of Zenker diverticulum by endoscopic diverticulotomy using the Ligasure™ vessel sealer is highly effective, fast and safe, and could be considered the treatment of choice.

espanolIntroduccion: la sedacion profunda con propofol controlada por endoscopista en las diferentes unidades de endoscopia ha sido un tema de continua controversia a lo largo de los ultimos anos, origen de conflictos de intereses entre las distintas sociedades cientificas de Anestesiologia y Gastroenterologia. Numerosos estudios han demostrado ya la eficacia, eficiencia y escasa aparicion de complicaciones en la sedacion controlada por un endoscopista formado frente al anestesiologo. Material y metodos: hemos revisado en nuestra base de datos el porcentaje de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias graves en nuestra unidad, en el periodo comprendido entre 2011 y 2016, en las distintas exploraciones endoscopicas que realizamos (gastroscopia, colonoscopia, colangiopancreatografia retrograda endoscopica [CPRE] y ecoendoscopia [USE]) y cuya sedacion es controlada por un endoscopista. Resultados: se llevo a cabo el analisis de 33.195 exploraciones durante el periodo de estudio. Obtuvimos un 0,13% de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias, la mayor parte de ellas desaturaciones graves (la mayoria respondieron a la apertura de la via aerea asociada a la interrupcion de la infusion del farmaco, precisando la necesidad de ambu en contadas ocasiones). No existieron diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre los diferentes grupos excepto en edad media, riesgo por tipo de exploracion y riesgo ASA, donde la CPRE presento una p EnglishIntroduction: deep sedation with propofol monitored by an endoscopist in different endoscopy units is a controversial subject and the source of conflicts of interest between the various scientific societies of Anesthesiology and Gastroenterology. Many studies have already demonstrated the efficacy, efficiency and low incidence of complications associated with sedation when under the control of a trained endoscopist vs an anesthesiologist. Material and methods: the rate of severe cardiorespiratory complications during various endoscopic examinations (gastroscopy, colonoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] and endoscopic ultrasound [EUS]) where sedation was controlled by an endoscopist within our unit, from 2011 to 2016, was reviewed. Results: during the study period, 33,195 examinations were analyzed. The rate of cardiorespiratory complications was 0.13% and the majority were severe desaturations. Most cases responded to an opening in the airway associated with the interruption of drug infusion and an ambu bag was required in a few cases. There were no statistically significant differences between the different groups, except for mean age, risk by type of examination and ASA risk, where the difference between ERCP and the rest of examinations was statistically significant. Conclusion: there is a high level of evidence in the scientific literature suggesting that sedation controlled by a trained endoscopist is safe, effective and efficient. However, further prospective studies are required in order to confirm this conclusion due to the fact that the majority of studies to date are retrospective

RESUMEN Introducción: la sedación profunda con propofol controlada por endoscopista en las diferentes unidades de endoscopia ha sido un tema de continua controversia a lo largo de los últimos años, origen de conflictos de intereses entre las distintas sociedades científicas de Anestesiología y Gastroenterología. Numerosos estudios han demostrado ya la eficacia, eficiencia y escasa aparición de complicaciones en la sedación controlada por un endoscopista formado frente al anestesiólogo. Material y métodos: hemos revisado en nuestra base de datos el porcentaje de complicaciones cardio-respiratorias graves en nuestra unidad, en el periodo comprendido entre 2011 y 2016, en las distintas exploraciones endoscópicas que realizamos (gastroscopia, colonoscopia, colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica [CPRE] y ecoendoscopia [USE]) y cuya sedación es controlada por un endoscopista. Resultados: se llevó a cabo el análisis de 33.195 exploraciones durante el periodo de estudio. Obtuvimos un 0,13% de complicaciones cardio-respiratorias, la mayor parte de ellas desaturaciones graves (la mayoría respondieron a la apertura de la vía aérea asociada a la interrupción de la infusión del fármaco, precisando la necesidad de ambú en contadas ocasiones). No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los diferentes grupos excepto en edad media, riesgo por tipo de exploración y riesgo ASA, donde la CPRE presentó una p < 0,01 frente al resto de exploraciones. Conclusión: con los datos de los que disponemos hasta la actualidad, existen numerosas evidencias en la literatura científica para divulgar que la sedación de las endoscopias controlada por un endoscopista formado es segura, eficaz y eficiente. No obstante, deben realizarse más estudios prospectivos que confirmen estas suposiciones, ya que hasta el momento la mayoría de los estudios son retrospectivos.

RESUMEN Introducción: la sedación profunda con propofol controlada por endoscopista en las diferentes unidades de endoscopia ha sido un tema de continua controversia a lo largo de los últimos años, origen de conflictos de intereses entre las distintas sociedades científicas de Anestesiología y Gastroenterología. Numerosos estudios han demostrado ya la eficacia, eficiencia y escasa aparición de complicaciones en la sedación controlada por un endoscopista formado frente al anestesiólogo. Material y métodos: hemos revisado en nuestra base de datos el porcentaje de complicaciones cardio-respiratorias graves en nuestra unidad, en el periodo comprendido entre 2011 y 2016, en las distintas exploraciones endoscópicas que realizamos (gastroscopia, colonoscopia, colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica [CPRE] y ecoendoscopia [USE]) y cuya sedación es controlada por un endoscopista. Resultados: se llevó a cabo el análisis de 33.195 exploraciones durante el periodo de estudio. Obtuvimos un 0,13% de complicaciones cardio-respiratorias, la mayor parte de ellas desaturaciones graves (la mayoría respondieron a la apertura de la vía aérea asociada a la interrupción de la infusión del fármaco, precisando la necesidad de ambú en contadas ocasiones). No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los diferentes grupos excepto en edad media, riesgo por tipo de exploración y riesgo ASA, donde la CPRE presentó una p < 0,01 frente al resto de exploraciones. Conclusión: con los datos de los que disponemos hasta la actualidad, existen numerosas evidencias en la literatura científica para divulgar que la sedación de las endoscopias controlada por un endoscopista formado es segura, eficaz y eficiente. No obstante, deben realizarse más estudios prospectivos que confirmen estas suposiciones, ya que hasta el momento la mayoría de los estudios son retrospectivos. ABSTRACT Introduction: deep sedation with propofol monitored by an endoscopist in different endoscopy units is a controversial subject and the source of conflicts of interest between the various scientific societies of Anesthesiology and Gastroenterology. Many studies have already demonstrated the efficacy, efficiency and low incidence of complications associated with sedation when under the control of a trained endoscopist vs an anesthesiologist. Material and methods: the rate of severe cardiorespiratory complications during various endoscopic examinations (gastroscopy, colonoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] and endoscopic ultrasound [EUS]) where sedation was controlled by an endoscopist within our unit, from 2011 to 2016, was reviewed. Results: during the study period, 33,195 examinations were analyzed. The rate of cardiorespiratory complications was 0.13% and the majority were severe desaturations. Most cases responded to an opening in the airway associated with the interruption of drug infusion and an ambu bag was required in a few cases. There were no statistically significant differences between the different groups, except for mean age, risk by type of examination and ASA risk, where the difference between ERCP and the rest of examinations was statistically significant. Conclusion: there is a high level of evidence in the scientific literature suggesting that sedation controlled by a trained endoscopist is safe, effective and efficient. However, further prospective studies are required in order to confirm this conclusion due to the fact that the majority of studies to date are retrospective.

Monthly monitoring of magnetic properties of Platanus hispanica tree leaves was used to assess atmospheric pollution in Madrid (Spain) and its suburban town of Pozuelo de Alarcón. Magnetic susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetisation and metal concentrations were analysed to study the sources of atmospheric pollutants and their spatial and temporal evolution. In addition to urban dust, our results indicated that lithogenic dust and incorporation of trace metals in the leaf tissue also control the magnetic susceptibility of tree leaves. Global comparisons with cities of different climatic regimes suggest that air humidity is the key factor controlling the relative influence of pollutants, lithogenic dust and biological effects on the magnetic properties of tree leaves. Interaction of the atmosphere and tree leaves depends not only on local meteorology but also on climate. Climate, especially air humidity, and meteorology need to be considered when interpreting the magnetic properties of tree leaves as an atmospheric pollution tool.

The recognition of an enteropathy caused by olmesartan is recent. It was first described in 2012 by the Mayo Clinic, which presented 22 clinical cases. Olmesartan is a highly prescribed drug and the differential diagnosis of a sprue-like enteropathy is very wide, so it is important to be aware of this pathology. We report a case of a 67-years-old man, with arterial hypertension under treatment with olmesartan, with a 4-months history of diarrhea and weight lost. He was admitted three times in our Department during this period of time. An initial diagnosis was made of lymphocytic colitis but he did not respond to treatment with corticosteroids. There was a high suspicion of celiac disease, so the patient started a gluten-free diet but still there were no symptomatic changes. The patient underwent several blood and imaging tests which were negative. Due to the suspicion of an enteropathy caused by drugs, olmesartan was stopped and the patient showed a significant improvement of his symptoms. The exact pathophysiology of this entity remains to be elucidated. It may affect all gastrointestinal tract and mimic a refractory celiac disease as well as a lymphocytic colitis due to similar symptoms and histology. It is expected more cases like this in the future due to high use of olmesartan in current clinical practice. So, it is important to all gastroenterologists to be aware of this pathology and take it into consideration when putting together a differential diagnosis. A enteropatia por Olmesartan não estava reconhecida até ao ano de 2012 quando a “Mayo Clinic” apresentou 22 casos. Apesar de existirem poucos casos publicados, é importante familiarizar os clínicos com aspectos referentes a esta patologia, visto tratar-se de um fármaco muito prescrito e o diagnóstico diferencial da enteropatia “sprue-like” ser muito amplo. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente em tratamento com Olmesartan por hipertensão arterial. É internado 3 vezes num prazo de 4 meses por quadro de diarreia e perda importante de peso. Inicialmente, é diagnosticado de colite linfocítica que não responde ao tratamento com corticóides e, posteriormente, de provável doença celíaca que não responde a dieta sem glúten. Realizam-se inúmeros exames complementários, analíticos e de imagem, sem concluir-se nenhum diagnóstico. Perante a suspeita de uma enteropatia por Olmesartan, retira-se o fármaco definitivamente e reinicia-se o glúten na dieta, confirmando-se uma melhoria espectacular do quadro clínico. Durante os internamentos não tomava Olmesartan, sendo o motivo da melhoria clínica durante os mesmos. Os mecanismos associados a esta patologia são desconhecidos. Pode afectar todo o aparelho digestivo e mimetizar uma doença celíaca refractária e/ou colite linfocítica devido a semelhança dos sintomas e da anatomia patológica. Devido à elevada prescrição deste medicamento, é esperável que no futuro se diagnostiquem mais casos, motivo pelo qual, os clínicos, principalmente os gastroenterologistas, devem de considera-la no diagnóstico diferencial.

San Simón Bay (inner Ría de Vigo, NW Spain) is a well-known polluted area because of its high Pb concentrations caused by waste discharges from a ceramic factory. The present study is focused on the historical and diagenetic monitoring of Pb pollution in this Bay based on sediment and pore water analyses of two cores collected in October 2010 adjacent to the factory using different techniques. A chronological framework was constructed based on 137Cs and 210Pb dating. Lead stable isotope ratios confirmed that the ceramic factory is still the main Pb source despite its closing in 2001. The historical monitoring of Pb pollution included ItraxTM Core Scanner (Itrax) analyses on the sedimentary record and the comparison with previous geochemical studies. The location of Pb maxima values in the cores allowed the estimation of sedimentation rates which were similar to those calculated from radionuclide dating. Moreover, Itrax analyses supported the results of the other techniques, but providing results with a higher resolution, and providing information about variations in cores composition that could affect radionuclide activities. The short-time interval required for obtaining the Itrax results and the high-resolution of the data, among other applications of this scanner, confirmed its importance as a complementary tool for Environmental coastal management. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Ref. IPT-310000-2010-17 (INNODRAVAL) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Ref. GCL2010-16688 Xunta de Galicia Ref. 10MMA312022PR.

The Ria de Huelva is one of the most polluted areas in Western Europe because of the high acid mining activity together with the chemical industries located in its margins. This strong anthropogenic pressure results in the liberation of high concentrations of metals and rare earth elements (REEs) to the Ria. In this work, an Itrax™ Core Scanner (Itrax) has been used for the first time to detect and to study REEs distribution in a sediment core. Its high sensitivity (until 5 μg·g −1 for Er) was confirmed by comparing its semi-quantitative results with concentration values obtained from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this way, establishing equivalences between Itrax continuous data and concentration data have been possible to detect pollution levels caused by REEs and related trace elements along the whole sediment core reducing the discrete analyses and therefore saving time and money. Moreover, Itrax was confirmed as a fast screening and monitoring tool to study REEs fractionation patterns and to identify the environmental changes responsible of these patterns.

XRF scanners allow fast, high-resolution delivery of geochemical and physical property data from sediment cores. However, lack of standardized protocols for measuring parameter settings can lead to results of inferior quality to the instrument’s real potential, particularly regarding light elements. In this study, a sediment core from a mud volcano in the Alboran Sea (off SE Spain) with very heterogeneous sedimentological character was analyzed using an Itrax™ Core Scanner (ITRAX). This study assesses some of the factors that influence measurements: type of anode used, X-ray exposure time, and effects resulting from the sample’s exposure to room temperature during analysis as well as those caused by refrigerated storage. Quality and accuracy of the ITRAX data was evaluated by comparison with quantitative measurements obtained by conventional XRF and ICP-OES on discrete samples. The results obtained suggest 20 s is an optimal exposure time as this gives good quality results for the majority of elements analyzed, including light elements and trace elements (e.g. Al (1.9–6.6 %), Cr (84–161 µg g−1), Ni (35–62.5 µg g−1)). Additionally, this analysis time is not significantly detrimental to core condition. The ITRAX capacity to identify diagenetic and authigenic processes in this type of geochemical environment is also demonstrated.

X-ray fluorescence scanners, such as the Itrax™ Core Scanner (Itrax) (Cox Analytical Systems, Molndal, Sweden), provide high-resolution geochemical data within several hours. However, the semi-quantitative nature of these analysers has hampered their use to study pollution. This study explores Itrax’s capabilities to detect trace metals, such as Hg and Cd, in the Ria de Pontevedra harbour (NW Spain). A set of Itrax detection levels were proposed for each metal after comparison with quantitative measurements obtained from Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CVAAS) analyses. These quantitative data obtained after a sequential extraction were used to evaluate pollutant bioavailability and to determine metal pollution levels exhibiting Hg pollution. The reliability of inc/coh and Br/Cl ratios to assess the total organic matter variability was also evaluated. The results indicated that the Itrax is an efficient and fast option to monitor contamination, thereby avoiding laborious discrete analyses and reducing analytical cost and time.

Previously, it has been shown that certain withanolides from Iochroma gesnerioides (Solanaceae) possess ecdysteroid antagonistic activity. Phytoecdysteroids (agonists) are widely distributed in the plant world, but solanaceous species have not been extensively examined for their presence. We have now surveyed 128 species of solanaceous plants for the presence of ecdysteroid agonist and antagonist activities using the Drosophila melanogaster B(II) cell line bioassay. Only weak antagonistic activity was associated with a few of the methanolic extracts, including those from species known to contain high levels of withanolides. Therefore, the major withanolides are inactive per se, but they may be activated after ingestion by invertebrate predators. Several extracts possessed ecdysteroid agonist activity as a consequence of the presence of phytoecdysteroids. Phytoecdysteroid-accumulating species are at least as common in the Solanaceae as they are in plants in general. Preliminary characterization of the identities of the phytoecdysteroids present in the most active extracts has been performed by hplc separations on normal- and reversed-phase systems in conjunction with ecdysteroid-specific radioimmunoassay and bioassay. Each of the phytoecdysteroid-accumulating species examined (Browallia speciosa, Nierembergia hippomanica var violacea, N. solanacea and Solanum nigrum) contain a cocktail of ecdysteroids, of which 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B (5beta,20-dihydroxyecdysone) are major components.

Introduccion: El propofol es un agente hipnotico de accion rapida utilizado de forma frecuente en endoscopia digestiva. Existen controversias sobre su utilizacion y multiples referencias que presenta efectos adversos serios inmediatos durante su utilizacion pero no se conoce los efectos a medio plazo sobretodo relacionadas con eventos de broncoaspiracion o efectos diferidos secundarios a la sedacion profunda. Objetivo: Determinar las complicaciones por infecciones respiratorias diferidas de la sedacion con propofol. Material y Metodo: En este estudio retrospectivo, hemos analizado las atenciones en el servicio de urgencia en un periodo de 2 meses posterior a la realizacion de todas las gastroscopias y colonoscopias bajo sedacion con propofol durante el periodo de enero -marzo 2012, se incluyeron un total de 745 colonoscopias; siendo 270 (36.24%) endoscopias en mayores de 65 anos y 475 (63.76%) en pacientes menores de 65 anos. Un total de 449 gastroscopias. Resultados: Dosis media fue de 108 mg y 215 mg en gastroscopias y colonoscopias respectivamente. En los que se realizo colonoscopia; 4 (0,53%) acudieron al servicio de urgencias presentando infeccion respiratoria; dos de ellos a los 8 dias, uno a los 12 y otro al dia 20. Dos precisaron ingreso hospitalario. Estos pacientes presentaron una clasificacion de ASA previa III y eran mayores de 65 anos. En las gastroscopias; 5 (1,11%) acudieron a urgencias presentando infeccion respiratoria; todos precisaron ingreso hospitalario. Presentaban una clasificacion de ASA III- IV; solo uno menor de 65 anos. Ninguno presento durante las pruebas endoscopicas eventos graves. Ninguno de estos casos requirio ingreso en UCI. Conclusiones: El uso de propofol en la endoscopia basica no aumenta el riesgo de infecciones respiratorias a medio plazo. Es un metodo seguro con bajo numero de complicaciones graves. Enfermos con ASA mayor o igual III requieren vigilancia, seguimiento mas estricto y posiblemente evitar una sedacion muy profunda.

Introduccion: La farmacocinetica y efectos del propofol son alterados por multiples circunstancias. Edad, sexo, medicacion, habitos toxicos, enfermedades concomitantes y otras circunstancias influyen en la respuesta al farmaco. El estrecho rango terapeutico complica su administracion. Durante los ultimos anos hemos desarrollado una formula de dosificacion, basada en la respuesta individual a la induccion. Objetivos: Analizar la eficacia, efectos adversos, variabilidad interexplorador y satisfaccion de exploradores y pacientes con dicha formula. Material y Metodos: Dosis y velocidad de infusion: Solo en pacientes con fraccion de eyeccion muy disminuida o hipotension severa se administra previamente 1 – 2 mg de midazolam. Inducimos sedacion profunda a un ritmo de 2000 mg/h. Una vez alcanzada multiplicamos x 4 la cantidad necesitada hasta entonces, dicha cifra se establece como ritmo de infusion horario. Registramos parametros hemodinamicos, satO2, tolerancia, clasificacion ASA, enfermedades asociadas y valoracion de enfermeria. Se registran los efectos adversos y necesidad de ventilacion asistida. Todo ello se almacena en nuestra base de datos. Analizamos mediante paquete estadistico 2922 colonoscopias realizadas entre01/01/2012 y 31/12/2012. Resultados: La dosis media fue de 217,04 mg/exp oscilando entre 201,17 – 239,25 segun explorador. Hubo 6 eventos de desaturacion grave, solo un caso preciso ambu. 1 enfermo requirio atropina. Las dosis por peso y tiempo fueron significativamente inferiores en EPOC, SAOS, Cardiopatia e insuficiencia renal cronica. Las dosis totales fueron significativamente decrecientes segun el nivel ASA. La tolerancia fue muy buena en el 96,2% de los pacientes y buena por el 3,6. Solo 2 pacientes reclamaron mas sedacion. Conclusiones: 1.-Nuestro sistema de dosificacion proporciona una sedacion segura y confortable. 2.- Existe buena correlacion entre dosis y riesgo individualizado de los pacientes. 3.- Evita el uso de complejas tablas simplificando el uso del farmaco.

Los escáneres de FRX, tal como el Itrax Core Scanner, se han convertido en una herramienta habitual para el análisis de testigos de sedimentos, ya que proporcionan de forma rápida datos geoquímicos y de propiedades físicas con una elevada resolución. Sin embargo, no se ha establecido un protocolo habitual común para el procesado de esos datos, que en función del tubo de rayos-X seleccionado podrían proporcionar datos con mucho ruido para los elementos ligeros. En este trabajo se ha analizado el testigo PC7-1 que fue recogido en la zona de transición entre el Banco Galicia y la Cuenca Interior de Galicia. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron con diferentes metodologías y compararon con muestras discretas analizadas mediante ICP-MS. Se recomienda la reevaluación de los datos con el programa Q-Spec 6.5.2, así como su suavizado con medias móviles ya que mejoran la calidad de los perfiles de los elementos ligeros y las correlaciones con muestras discretas, Nowadays XRF scanners, like Itrax Core Scanner, are usual tools for sediment cores analysis because they allow for fast, high-resolution delivery of geochemical and physical properties data. At first, raw data could be noisy for light elements according to the X-ray tube used; however, there is no established common standard protocol for data processing. In this study, a core from the transitional zone between Galicia Bank and Galicia Interior Basin was analyzed with an Itrax Core Scanner. Data were processed by using different methodologies and then compared with discrete samples analyzed with ICP-MS. Results show that data reevaluation with the Q-Spec 6.5.2. software and data smoothed using a running mean are advisable because this processing improve the quality of light elements profiles and the correlation with discrete samples

Los escáneres de FRX, tal como el Itrax Core Scanner, se han convertido en una herramienta habitual para el análisis de testigos de sedimentos, ya que proporcionan de forma rápida datos geoquímicos y de propiedades físicas con una elevada resolución. Sin embargo, no se ha establecido un protocolo habitual común para el procesado de esos datos, que en función del tubo de rayos-X seleccionado podrían proporcionar datos con mucho ruido para los elementos ligeros. En este trabajo se ha analizado el testigo PC7-1 que fue recogido en la zona de transición entre el Banco Galicia y la Cuenca Interior de Galicia. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron con diferentes metodologías y compararon con muestras discretas analizadas mediante ICP-MS. Se recomienda la reevaluación de los datos con el programa Q-Spec 6.5.2, así como su suavizado con medias móviles ya que mejoran la calidad de los perfiles de los elementos ligeros y las correlaciones con muestras discretas Nowadays XRF scanners, like Itrax Core Scanner, are usual tools for sediment cores analysis because they allow for fast, high-resolution delivery of geochemical and physical properties data. At first, raw data could be noisy for light elements according to the X-ray tube used; however, there is no established common standard protocol for data processing. In this study, a core from the transitional zone between Galicia Bank and Galicia Interior Basin was analyzed with an Itrax Core Scanner. Data were processed by using different methodologies and then compared with discrete samples analyzed with ICP-MS. Results show that data reevaluation with the Q-Spec 6.5.2. software and data smoothed using a running mean are advisable because this processing improve the quality of light elements profiles and the correlation with discrete samples

The study of complex interactions governing sedimentary processes, transport routes and deposition dynamics at a continental margin are easier to understand where the system is simplified by the dominance of one external force. Off Northwest Spain, the sedimentary record on the Galician Shelf is controlled by a strong storm regime whilst contour-parallel currents seem to dominate at the continental slope. Intention of this cruise M84/4 GALIOMAR III was to a) trace the modes and routes of sediment transport from shallow to deep waters, b) understand the role of the shelf break and back-cutting gully systems for the sediment export dynamics, c) analyze the different modes and pathways of material downslope processes, and d) use locally confined depocenters at the lower continental slope, inside the gullies as well as on the outer and middle shelf as archives for reconstructing modern and past environmental conditions. Research groups from Bremen (MARUM) and Spain/Portugal (Vigo, Granada, Lisbon) with strong seismic, sedimentological, magnetic, geochemical and palae-oceanographic expertise have participated in this cruise utilizing a large number of complementary research devices. Extensive bathymetric mapping, PARASOUND and seismic profiling, during the first leg of this cruise, have shown how locally divers the sedimentary system in this study area is developed. On the slope, contouritic deposits seem to be the dominant feature indicating that current interactions with the morphology are omni-present. A surprising discovery along the margin is the manifold partitioning, with series of slope gullies, sporadic large canyon/channels systems draining deeply into the basin, and structural elements such as ridges and isolated mounts. Consequently, the sediment cores show a large variety of hemipelagic, contouritic, debritic and turbiditic successions. During the second leg on the associated shelf, coast-parallel and coast-perpendicular profiles were recorded, using PARASOUND and the new electro-magnetic sled NERIDIS III, to map individual depocenters (e.g., mud belts, outer-shelf ridge fields, pathway depressions). Special focus, in combination with an extended sampling/coring program was given to the character of depositional boundaries and the stratigraphic history of depocenters. The cruise M84/4 GALIOMAR III was, despite frequent rough weather conditions and heavy fishery activity, very successful. A complete bathymetry of the slope, 1500 km PARASOUND, 500 km seismic, and 130 km electromagnetic profiling, as well as coring (Rumohr, gravity, vibro) at not less than 108 stations were collected. With the analysis of this impressively large data set we expect to gain detailed insight into mechanisms and dynamics of sedimentary shelf-slope systems on different sub-modern to geological times scales., METEOR-Berichte

La innovació és necessària, però no és l'únic factor que assegura l'èxit d'un disseny. Cal crear grans productes i serveis que satisfacin els desitjos de la gent. Cal conèixer allò que la gent vol i formar equips interdisciplinars que assegurin l'èxit de l'operació., La innovación es necesaria, aunque no es el único factor que asegura el éxito de un diseño. Es necesario crear grandes productos y servicios que satisfagan los deseos de la gente, habrá que conocer los deseos de la gente y formar equipos interdisciplinarios que aseguren el éxito de la operación.

La innovación es necesaria, aunque no es el único factor que asegura el éxito de un diseño. Es necesario crear grandes productos y servicios que satisfagan los deseos de la gente, habrá que conocer los deseos de la gente y formar equipos interdisciplinarios que aseguren el éxito de la operación.

The recognition of an enteropathy caused by olmesartan is recent. It was first described in 2012 by the Mayo Clinic, which presented 22 clinical cases. Olmesartan is a highly prescribed drug and the differential diagnosis of a sprue-like enteropathy is very wide, so it is important to be aware of this pathology.We report a case of a 67-years-old man, with arterial hypertension under treatment with olmesartan, with a 4-months history of diarrhea and weight lost. He was admitted three times in our Department during this period of time. An initial diagnosis was made of lymphocytic colitis but he did not respond to treatment with corticosteroids. There was a high suspicion of celiac disease, so the patient started a gluten-free diet but still there were no symptomatic changes. The patient underwent several blood and imaging tests which were negative. Due to the suspicion of an enteropathy caused by drugs, olmesartan was stopped and the patient showed a significant improvement of his symptoms.The exact pathophysiology of this entity remains to be elucidated. It may affect all gastrointestinal tract and mimic a refractory celiac disease as well as a lymphocytic colitis due to similar symptoms and histology. It is expected more cases like this in the future due to high use of olmesartan in current clinical practice.So, it is important to all gastroenterologists to be aware of this pathology and take it into consideration when putting together a differential diagnosis.