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Об’єктом дослідження даної роботи є засоби машинного навчання для автоматичного розпізнавання автомобільних номерів. Мета даної роботи полягає у дослідженні реалізації системи для розпізнавання автомобільних номерів засобами Raspberry PI 4. Основним завданням даного дослідження є аналіз аналогів існуючих систем автоматичного розпізнавання автомобільних номерів у середовищі апаратних продуктів Raspberry PI, а також реалізація власної системи та її дослідження. У результаті дослідження існуючих аналогів було виявлено певні проблеми та знайдено шляхи їх вирішення. Система використовує сучасні технології штучних згорткових нейронних мереж для вирішення поставленої задачі. Також слід зазначити, що розроблена система працює краще конкурентних на великих кутах зйомки. У результаті виконання роботи було реалізовано систему автоматичного розпізнавання автомобільних номерів засобами плати Raspberry PI для інтелектуальних вбудованих систем. Було проведено дослідження та виявлено великий потенціал запропонованої розробки у середовищах, де швидкість роботи системи не буде критичною

An application of geometric mixed additive-multiplicative models for lung cancer risk modeling under combined action of radon and smoking is justified in this paper. The geometric mixed model allows: 1) to reduce the discrepancies between estimates of the lung cancer risk for males and females, 2) to predict the population risk under condition of the varying smoking prevalence and changing average indoor radon concentration level. Using the geometric mixed model, the calculation of the lung cancer risks for the Russian Federation population was carried out for different percentages of smokers among the population, an increase in life expectancy, and a change in the average radon concentration level in residential buildings. Assuming that currently rounded average indoor radon concentration in Russia is 50 Bq/m3, the contribution of radon to total mortality in 2009 was 0.46% and 0.20% for male and female, respectively. Modeling has shown that the effect of lung cancer mortality reducing due to the predicted decrease in the proportion of smoking population will partly be offset by an increase in the realization of lung cancer risk with the life expectancy increase. For a hypothetical situation, when the entire population maintain a healthy lifestyle and mortality from cardiovascular, oncological, infectious diseases, diseases of the respiratory tract and from external causes has significantly decreased, the contribution of radon exposure to total mortality will increase to about 0.8%. If the average level of radon in buildings will increase due to energy-efficient technologies widespread implementation in building construction, the contribution of radon to total mortality will be even more noticeable.

A comparative analysis of the radon concentrations in modern multi-storey residential buildings of high energy efficiency class and buildings typical for urban areas of the twentieth century was carried out. The study was conducted in Russian cities located in various climatic zones – Ekaterinburg, Krasnodar, St. Petersburg, Salekhard, Chelyabinsk. The radon concentration in samples of buildings was measured using integrated radon radiometers based on nuclear track detectors according to a single method. The surveyed sample included 498 apartments in multi-apartment buildings. Among all the examined building types, the highest average radon concentration is observed in modern energy-efficient houses – 43 Bq/m3. In other types of buildings, the following average radon concentrations were obtained: brick 2–5 floors – 35 Bq/m3; panel 5 floors – 32 Bq/m3; panel 7–12 floors 1970-1990 years of construction – 22 Bq/m3; brick> 5 floors 1970–1980 years of construction – 20 Bq m3; panel, built since 1990 – 24 Bq/m3. The results of the study confirm the assumption that radon concentration in modern multi-storey energy-efficient houses is on average higher than in typical residential buildings of the Soviet period. The increased accumulation of radon in energy-efficient buildings is associated with a decrease in the building envelope permeability and the contribution of fresh air to the general air exchange. Despite the fact that there were no cases of exceeding hygienic standards for the indoor radon concentration in the framework of this study, the higher radon concentration in buildings of increased energy efficiency requires attention from the point of view of implementing the principle of optimization of radiation protection. In the future, extensive construction of energy-efficient buildings may increase the average and collective doses to the urban population in the Russian Federation.

Objective: To study the levels of radon accumulation in kindergartens in Sverdlovsk Region and to deter­mine the relationship between radon concentration, and building characteristics. To perform a detailed anal­ysis of radon entry and accumulation in the kindergarten, in which radon concentration exceeds the safety standards. Materials and methods : Track detectors REI-4 on the base of LR-115 film were used. Detectors were installed in playrooms and bedrooms for day nap. In each kindergarten, at least 3 rooms were examined. The measurements were carried out twice a year, during the warm and cold seasons. The duration of exposure of the detectors was 2–3 months in each season. The AlphaGUARD radon monitor was installed in the kinder­garten with a high level of radon concentration. Results: It is shown that the distribution of radon concentration in the kindergartens of the Sverdlovsk region can be described by a lognormal distribution with an average value of 60 Bq/m 3 , a geometric mean of 44 Bq/m 3 and a standard geometric deviation of 2.23. A statistically significant differ­ence was found between the mean values of radon concentration in subgroups of buildings constructed at different periods. For the kindergartens constructed in 1950–1969, the average radon concentration was 85 Bq/m 3 , for buildings built in 1970–1989 – 54 Bq/m 3 . When comparing subgroups of rooms with different types of windows (all buildings, ground floors) it was found that in rooms with PVC windows, radon concentration is almost twice as high then in rooms with wooden windows. For the kindergarten, in which the annual radon concentration in the playroom was 620 Bq/m 3 , it was shown, that if the proper ventilation regime of this room is observed, the average radon concentration during the presence of children does not exceed 120 Bq/m 3 . Conclusions . Factors affecting the indoor radon accumulation in the kindergartens are the type of building materials associated with different periods of building construction and the type of windows. When radon concentration measured in kindergartens reach sanitary standards, it is advisable to conduct an additional study of the daily radon variations, since during the active operation of the premises (working hours) radon levels may be significantly lower

Objectives: Studying the influence of the method of selecting a control group in the radon case-control study on assessment of dose-effect dependence. Study the effect of additional additive or multiplicative risk factors on the results of the study. Materials and Methods: Simulation of a large-scale radon epidemiological case-control study. Analyzing of the influence of the representative value of the comparison subgroup on the results of calculating the odds ratio of the incidence of radiation-induced lung cancer. Analysis of different variants of standardization of the control group on the correctness of the dose-effect dependence. Development of methods for identifying risk factors that affect the incidence of lung cancer and determining the mechanism of their influence (additive or multiplicative). Results: It is shown that the insufficient representativeness of the comparison subgroup used in calculating the odds ratio can significantly distort the estimates of dose-effect dependence. In the presence of factors (sex, smoking, etc.), correlating both with the incidence of lung cancer and of radon concentration, complete standardization of such factors is necessary. Multiplicative risk factors without such correlation do not require additional standardization in the selection of a control group. Calculation of the odds ratio for various risk factors in subgroups differing in the levels of spontaneous cancer incidence allows to determine the significance of this factor for the incidence of lung cancer, and to establish the preferential mechanism of the influence of this factor (multiplicative or additive). Conclusions. When carrying out the radon case-control study, it is necessary to identify risk factors that correlate both with the incidence of lung cancer, and with the radon concentration, to assess the mechanism of action of these factors and to made the complete standardization of the control group for them.

The ethnic makeup of the population significantly affects the domestic policy of any state, and its relations with neighbouring countries. Although interactions with ethnic minorities are not as urgent a problem in Lithuania as they are in the two other Baltic States, ethnicity-related conflicts continue to occur, particularly, as regards the relations between the Lithua­nian state and the Polish minority, which is the largest in the country. The Polish minority-Lithuania-Poland relations are not the only factor that affects the situation of the Poles in Lithuania. The other important factors are Lithuania and Poland' EU membership, the rela­tions between Lithuania and Russia, and the Russian minority in Lithuania. Our analysis shows that the EU membership of Lithuania and Poland did not provide an instant solution to the problem of the Polish minority but rather attenuated it. Although the EU factor played a significant role before the accession of Poland and Lithuania to the Union, its influence is very limited today. The effect of the Russian factor is different. Strained Polish-Russian rela­tions do not affect the relations between the Polish and Russian minorities in Lithuania. On the contrary, both minorities collaborate on a wide range of issues.

Implementation of reference level conception for optimization of protection against radon in dwellings requires thorough consideration of a number of associated problems. With regard to both experience with regulation of indoor radon exposure in Russia and ICRP recommendations, Russian national reference level for radon should be expressed using annual radon concentration and set at level of 200 Bq/m3.

An integral method is suggested for the calculation of local heat transfer in the cylinder of diesel engine in view of radiation-convection interaction. The turbulent boundary layer is investigated on the combustor surface of arbitrary curvature subjected to the flow of a working medium which radiates and absorbs thermal energy. The thermal radiation transfer is described within the Schwarzschild model. Integral relations of boundary layer are used for solving equations of complex heat transfer. The integral characteristics of radiative heat transfer in the combustor of a diesel engine are determined (emissivity factor of the working medium, Bouguer and Boltzmann numbers, attenuation factor, and coefficient allowing for the diffuseness of radiation). The calculated values of local radiative-convective heat flux on the combustor surface are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained in a high-speed diesel engine under conditions of bench tests.

High-resolution 27Al NMR has been applied to the states of aluminum in modified natural mordenite. Acid treatment of the natural mordenite and heat treatment of the ammonium form alter the coordination state of 6–8% of the aluminum atoms from tetrahedral (in the framework) to octahecral (at the inner surfaces of the zeolite cavities). In that state, the aluminum can exchange with Na+, NH4+, and other cations. This change in coordination state should have a considerable effect on the catalytic parameters of zeolites.

Modified samples of natural mordenites have been found to catalyze the oxidative condensation of methane to yield ethane and ethylene. The selectivity towards C2 hydrocarbons increases, whereas the acidity of zeolites falls.