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Introduction. Physical activity is often used in rehabilitation to restore cognitive function after cerebral blood flow impairment and typological features like baseline cognitive ability may alter their effectiveness.The aim was to evaluate the expression of nNOS and NeuN in the large hemisphere cortex in the cerebral hypoperfusion occurrence in rats having different scores in the Morris maze.Materials and methods. Cerebral hypoperfusion was simulated by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. Before surgery, Wistar rats were divided into equal subgroups with high (HCA) and low levels of cognitive ability (LCA) according to the results of Morris maze testing. Animals were removed from the experiment at 8, 21, 35, 60, and 90 days after surgery, a total of 184 rats, 24 formed the control group and 80 formed the cerebral hypoperfusion subgroup with 80 animals undergoing short-term swimming daily starting on day 7 of the experiment.Results. We revealed the earlier changes in HCA animals (8th day of the experiment) induced by cerebral hypoperfusion accompanied by a more intense nNOS-positive neurons density reduction to 47 % of control values, the length of their processes, and an increase in pericarion area. In LCA the decrease of density was only 75 % of control values and pericarion area does not differ from control values. At later periods on the 60 and 90 days of the experiment LCA demonstrates the preservation of the neurons density and greater length of their processes (67 % of the control subgroup values).Conclusion. HCA is a risk factor for damage of nNOS-positive neurons in cerebral hypoperfusion. Physical exercise more effectively decreases nNOS expression in animals with HCA, which may be one of the sanogenetic mechanisms of this factor.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological features of nNOS-positive (nNOS-IR) neurons in the dorsolateral cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres in albino rats during 180 days of postnatal development.Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 outbred white Wistar rats of different ages, from 1 to 180 days. The object of the study was an area of the right cerebral hemisphere on the dorsolateral surface near the frontal pole (neocortex). On paraffin serial sections of the frontal lobe, an immunohistochemical reaction was performed with antibodies to nNOS and a detection system with horseradish peroxidase. Neuronal morphometry was performed by microphotographs using the ImageJ-Fiji (NIH) 1.51h program, measuring the sectional area of the neuron body, the area of the nucleus, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and the intensity of the reaction.The significance of differences was assessed by paired Student's t-test.Results. It was found that in mature rats in the frontal lobe cortex nNOS-IR was detected in large multi-polar cells with high activity of the enzyme located in the supragranular layers, spindle-shaped cells with long positive processes at the border with the white matter (type 1), and two varieties of low-positive neurons – accumulations in the VI layer and single ones in other layers (type 2). Polymorphism of nNOS-IR neurons manifests from the birth, but it was possible to distinguish all subpopulations only from the 21st day. Each subpopulation is distinguished by its own age dynamics of the studied parameters and the nature of the distribution of positivity. In addition, in 3–7 day old rat pups, numerous small neurons at the border of the cortex and white matter have transient immunoreactivity.Conclusion. Thus, the division of nNOS-IR neurons into two morphological types proposed in the works of predecessors does not correspond to the number of subpopulations that could be described in the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex in rats. This diversity of nNOS-IR neurons is consistent with the numerous functions described for nitric oxide. For an objective characterization of various classes of nNOS-IR cortical interneurons, it is necessary to use additional data obtained from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, and functional experiments, taking into account species, topographic, and age features. Only an extended approach will make it possible to selectively influence different types of cells and reasonably interpret the results of experimental studies.

A necessary characteristic of economic science is its practical orientation in one way or another. With the development of the economy as a science, both the level and quality of life of people increases. Behavioral economics, being an interesting field of study and research, is actively integrated into the state and economic activities of foreign countries. In this article, it is proposed to study the possibility and limits of such integration in our country for the service sector.

The current integration state of ITER Equatorial Port #11 (EP#11) is described. This port is the first plasma port and thus the integration phase is close to the final stage. The new modular design of neutron shielding is implemented in the Diagnostic shielding modules’ (DSM) construction to achieve the maximum shielding efficiency within the weight restrictions and keeping fully operable the tenant diagnostics systems. The same approach was applied to Interspace structure frame design to allow the safe hand-on maintenance near the highly activated components. The current iteration of the engineering calculations, including the neutron transport and shutdown dose rate (SDDR), thermohydraulics, electromagnetics, seismic, and structure integrity calculations, showed that the current design of EP#11 satisfy all ITER requirements. The special metalworking, welding, and various other technologies are tested during the process of preparation for the manufacturing of ITER EP#11. Production technologies of the full-size DSM mock-up and various elements of its infrastructure were tested. The multizoned clean area assembly hall for the final assembly is close to getting completed and the testing of vacuum items has to be sent to ITER.

Correlation between individual typological features like sex-related characteristics and low initial level of stress resistance and unfavorable prognosis of ischemic brain damage is shown. At the same time, the astrocytes’ participation in neuroplasticity in this disease represents the purpose of the study. The goal was to study the cerebral cortex astrocytes’ morphometric characteristics during the cerebral hypoxia in rats of different sexes with different stress tolerance levels. We performed the study with 72 Wistar rats. According to the Open Field test results all the animals were divided into two subgroups: with high and low level of stress tolerance. Both carotid arteries of the experimental group animals (48 animals) were bandaged. Animals were removed from the experiment at 21, 60 and 90 days after surgery. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of mature astrocytes, was detected on histological sections of the central brain gyrus using primary polyclonal rabbit antibodies. Progressive decrease of the astrocytes’ numerical density and the number of first order processes were obtained during the study. It was less pronounced in animals with high stress tolerance and females. Increase of the processes’ distribution area was reliably detected. Area decreased after 90th day of the experiment. It is concluded that the astrocytes’ alteration develops earlier in animals with high stress tolerance and males, later in females (60 days) and animals with low stress tolerance (90 days).

Background. Based on the sources mostly unknown to Russian historiography, the article examines the socio-economic situation of the Chinese village during the socalled the agrarian revolution and the policy of the Communists, associated with strengthening the stability of the ruling regime of the CCP in the “red enclaves” on the example of the Central base in South China. The author’s attention is focused on identifying and characterizing economic sources and the origin of financial flows that contributed to the consolidation of party dictatorship without significant support from the peasantry and in conditions of economic decline, as well as an analysis of some causes of the collapse of the Soviet project in the country. Results. The article examines the main aspects and methods of “aiding the revolution” (expropriation) of rural rich men (“da tuhao”) and the invasion of market towns (“choukuan”) for hunt for prey of the Chinese Red Army; investigated the material capabilities of the peasantry and its reaction to the alienation of property. Conclusions. Analysis shows that the main task of the CCP’s economic policy was the total confiscation of values from the rural and urban population, regardless of their property status due to the general decline of the countryside.

The aim of the study was to investigate changes of neuroblasts’ numeral destiny in rats’ olfactory bulb and rostral migratory stream after neurotoxic action in infant age.Material and methods. The distribution of DCX, a marker of immature neurons, was studied to reveal the dynamics of its expression in the evolutionary period of ontogenesis in olfactory bulbs and rostral migratory stream in 30, 60, 90, and 180-day-old rats. Modeling of neurotoxic effects was carried out by three times injections of capsaicin on the 30–32 day of life in a total dose of 120 mg/kg. The material for the study was sampled on the 15-, 30- and 60th days of the experiment. The marker was detected on parasagittal paraffin sections, taking into account the layers of the olfactory bulb. The numerical density of DCX+ neurons (pcs/mm2) and their part in the total number of cells were determined.Results. The standard age indicators of the numerical density of immature neurons and their share in the cell population, as well as similar indicators for two months after toxic effects, were established. The administration of toxic doses of capsaicin causes a massive death of mature neurons. Compensatory reaction manifested by activation of neurogenesis in the brain stem niches and an increase in the numerical density neuroblasts in the rostral stream.Conclusions. Activation of neurogenesis during neurodegeneration causes an increase in the number of DCX + neuronal progenitors in the olfactory bulb after 30 days after exposure and maintaining high levels until the end of observation.

The article presents results of 3D numerical simulation of flow and conjugate heat and mass transfer in a model of the TacSat-4 satellite loop heat pipe evaporator. The mathematical model includes the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations describing the flow in the liquid and vapor regions, Darcy's law for filtration modeling in the wicks and the energy equation with accurate coupling of connected sub-domains including effects of evaporation on interfaces between the porous and vapor regions. According to the simulation results, the evaporation localizes mainly at the vapor groove corners near the evaporator body. The vapor grooves operate under essentially different conditions, as a result, the flow rates differ by several times. Significant thickening of the evaporator body yields only weak reduction in a level of the grooves’ flow rate non-uniformity.

Background. The CCP’s policy in the framework of two independent political campaigns – the “silent revolution” and the “movement for land reform” – has never been subjected to substantive analysis in Chinese, Russian and Western historiography. Moreover, the very names of these campaigns and, especially, the extent of violence committed during them, do not mean anything to many experts. Studying the topic allows to a certain extent to fill the gap. And in this regard, the work aims at analyzing, at least in general terms, the content of both the “revolution” and the “movement”. Results. The main aspects of the party’s general line, its politics and the socioeconomic activities of the Communists in the specified period, including the use of violence in its various forms as the main way to control the peasant masses by the CCP, are examined. Conclusions. The analysis shows that the main content and the most important condition for the success of both the “silent revolution” and the “movement for land reform” was extremely flexible and selectively dosed violence against the masses during the years of the “revolution” with the transition to total terror in the “old” liberated districts during the final phase of the struggle with Chiang Kai-shek, the absolutely ridiculously marked “land reform”.

В статье описана динамика эффективности восприятия социального времени школьниками интерната для детей коренных народов Севера. В качестве инструмента оценки эффективности использованы тест Люшера, фигуры Готтшальтда, метод социологического опроса. Результаты тестов проанализированы в возрастном аспекте среди младших, средних и старших школьников. Установлено: адаптация школьников к смене социального ритма жизни (переезду из стойбищ в заполярный город) носит нелинейных характер. Признаки дезадаптации наиболее часто регистрируются среди школьников младших и старших классов. The article describes the dynamics of the efficiency of the perception of social time by Nenets children. As a tool to assess the effectiveness of used test Luscher, Gottshaltda figures, the method of a poll. Test results are analyzed in age aspect among younger, middle and high school students. It was found that adaptation of students to the changing social rhythm of life (the transition from the tundra to the city) is non-linear process. Symptoms of maladjustment most often found among students of junior and senior classes.

A fundamental thesis of this study is that the formation of the maoist leadership of the Chinese Communist party was ultimately stipulated by the Chinese Red Army high command from 1928, when Chu Te and Mao Tse-tung had formed the "Chu-Mao troops" in Kiangsi, till to the Tsunyi conference in 1935. However, during this period senior commanders sought for a formula for distributing power between the Party and Army. The vastness of the political-military problems that confronted the Communist leadership forced them to break their tradition of "federalism" in favour of a professional dictatorship, personified by Mao Tse-tung.