811 results on '"A La Spada"'
Search Results
2. Financial Sanctions, SWIFT, and the Architecture of the International Payment System
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Marco Cipriani, Linda S. Goldberg, and Gabriele La Spada
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Economics and Econometrics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Management Science and Operations Research - Abstract
Financial sanctions, alongside economic sanctions, are components of the toolkit used by governments as part of international diplomacy. The use of sanctions, especially financial, has increased over the last 70 years. Financial sanctions have been particularly important whenever the goals of the sanctioning countries were related to democracy and human rights. Financial sanctions restrict entities—countries, businesses, or even individuals—from purchasing or selling financial assets, or from accessing custodial or other financial services. They can be imposed on a sanctioned entity’s ability to access the infrastructures that are in place to execute international payments, irrespective of whether such payments underpin financial or real activity. This article explains how financial sanctions can be designed to limit access to the international payment system and, in particular, the SWIFT network, and provides some recent examples.
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- 2023
3. Diversity of Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites Recovered from Blood Oranges Infected by Colletotrichum, Alternaria, and Penicillium Species
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Cacciola, Ermes Ivan Rovetto, Carlos Luz, Federico La Spada, Giuseppe Meca, Mario Riolo, and Santa Olga
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Alternaria alternata ,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ,Penicillium digitatum ,multilocus phylogenetic analysis ,peel ,juice ,UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS ,patulin ,rubratoxin B ,5,4-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6C-methylflavone ,atrovenetins - Abstract
This study identified secondary metabolites produced by Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Penicillium digitatum in fruits of two blood orange cultivars before harvest. Analysis was performed by UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS. Three types of fruits were selected, asymptomatic, symptomatic showing necrotic lesions caused by hail, and mummified. Extracts from peel and juice were analyzed separately. Penicillium digitatum was the prevalent species recovered from mummified and hail-injured fruits. Among 47 secondary metabolites identified, 16, 18, and 13 were of A. alternata, C. gloeosporioides, and P. digitatum, respectively. Consistently with isolations, indicating the presence of these fungi also in asymptomatic fruits, the metabolic profiles of the peel of hail-injured and asymptomatic fruits did not differ substantially. Major differences were found in the profiles of juice from hail-injured and mummified fruits, such as a significant higher presence of 5,4-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6C-methylflavone and Atrovenetin, particularly in the juice of mummified fruits of the Tarocco Lempso cultivar. Moreover, the mycotoxins patulin and Rubratoxin B were detected exclusively in mummified fruits. Patulin was detected in both the juice and peel, with a higher relative abundance in the juice, while Rubratoxin B was detected only in the juice. These findings provide basic information for evaluating and preventing the risk of contamination by mycotoxins in the citrus fresh fruit supply chain and juice industry.
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- 2023
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4. Nanohaloarchaea as beneficiaries of xylan degradation by haloarchaea
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La Cono, Violetta, Messina, Enzo, Reva, Olga, Smedile, Francesco, La Spada, Gina, Crisafi, Francesca, Marturano, Laura, Miguez, Noa, Ferrer, Manuel, Selivanova, Elena A, Golyshina, Olga V, Golyshin, Peter N, Rohde, Manfred, Krupovic, Mart, Merkel, Alexander Y, Sorokin, Dimitry Y, Hallsworth, John E, and Yakimov, Michail M
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nanohaloarchaeum ,Candidatus Nanohalobium constans ,Sustainable Development Goals ,Halomicrobium ,haloarchaeum ,multi-omics ,xylan - Abstract
Climate change, desertification, salinisation of soils and the changing hydrology of the Earth are creating or modifying microbial habitats at all scales including the oceans, saline groundwaters and brine lakes. In environments that are saline or hypersaline, the biodegradation of recalcitrant plant and animal polysaccharides can be inhibited by salt-induced microbial stress and/or by limitation of the metabolic capabilities of halophilic microbes. We recently demonstrated that the chitinolytic haloarchaeon Halomicrobium can serve as the host for an ectosymbiont, nanohaloarchaeon ‘Candidatus Nanohalobium constans’. Here, we consider whether nanohaloarchaea can benefit from the haloarchaea-mediated degradation of xylan, a major hemicellulose component of wood. Using samples of natural evaporitic brines and anthropogenic solar salterns, we describe genome-inferred trophic relations in two extremely halophilic xylan-degrading three-member consortia. We succeeded in genome assembly and closure for all members of both xylan-degrading cultures and elucidated the respective food chains within these consortia. We provide evidence that ectosymbiontic nanohaloarchaea is an active ecophysiological component of extremely halophilic xylan-degrading communities (although by proxy) in hypersaline environments. In each consortium, nanohaloarchaea occur as ectosymbionts of Haloferax, which in turn act as scavenger of oligosaccharides produced by xylan-hydrolysing Halorhabdus. We further obtained and characterised the nanohaloarchaea–host associations using microscopy, multi-omics and cultivation approaches. The current study also doubled culturable nanohaloarchaeal symbionts and demonstrated that these enigmatic nano-sized archaea can be readily isolated in binary co-cultures using an appropriate enrichment strategy. We discuss the implications of xylan degradation by halophiles in biotechnology and for the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
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- 2023
5. X-linked SBMA model mice display relevant non-neurological phenotypes and their expression of mutant androgen receptor protein in motor neurons is not required for neuromuscular disease
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Gromova, Anastasia, Cha, Byeonggu, Robinson, Erica M, Strickland, Laura M, Nguyen, Nhat, ElMallah, Mai K, Cortes, Constanza J, and La Spada, Albert R
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Motor Neurons ,Male ,Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy ,Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,X-Linked ,Neurodegenerative ,Transgenic ,Androgen ,Mice ,Phenotype ,Rare Diseases ,Orphan Drug ,Musculoskeletal ,Nerve Degeneration ,Receptors ,Neurological ,Genetics ,Animals ,Humans ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Aetiology ,Aged - Abstract
X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA; Kennedy's disease) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by adult-onset proximal muscle weakness and lower motor neuron degeneration. SBMA was the first human disease found to be caused by a repeat expansion mutation, as affected patients possess an expanded tract of CAG repeats, encoding polyglutamine, in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. We previously developed a conditional BAC fxAR121 transgenic mouse model of SBMA and used it to define a primary role for skeletal muscle expression of polyglutamine-expanded AR in causing the motor neuron degeneration. Here we sought to extend our understanding of SBMA disease pathophysiology and cellular basis by detailed examination and directed experimentation with the BAC fxAR121 mice. First, we evaluated BAC fxAR121 mice for non-neurological disease phenotypes recently described in human SBMA patients, and documented prominent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiomegaly, and ventricular heart wall thinning in aged male BAC fxAR121 mice. Our discovery of significant hepatic and cardiac abnormalities in SBMA mice underscores the need to evaluate human SBMA patients for signs of liver and heart disease. To directly examine the contribution of motor neuron-expressed polyQ-AR protein to SBMA neurodegeneration, we crossed BAC fxAR121 mice with two different lines of transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase in motor neurons, and after updating characterization of SBMA phenotypes in our current BAC fxAR121 colony, we found that excision of mutant AR from motor neurons did not rescue neuromuscular or systemic disease. These findings further validate a primary role for skeletal muscle as the driver of SBMA motor neuronopathy and indicate that therapies being developed to treat patients should be delivered peripherally.
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- 2023
6. Functional diversity of nanohaloarchaea within xylan-degrading consortia
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Reva, Oleg, Messina, Enzo, La Cono, Violetta, Crisafi, Francesca, Smedile, Francesco, La Spada, Gina, Marturano, Laura, Selivanova, Elena, Rohde, Manfred, Krupovic, Mart, Yakimov, Michail, University of Pretoria [South Africa], National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute of Polar Sciences [Venezia-Mestre] (CNR-ISP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Virologie des archées - Archaeal Virology, Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by a grant from the FUTURENZYMES Project (Contract 101000327), funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research Program. MK was supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant ANR-20-CE20-0009. This work has been additionally supported by the project 'Emergence of virulence and antibiotic-resistance vectors in coastal and deep sea marine environments and analysis of the mechanisms and conditions underlying their spread and evolution' funded by the MIUR Progetti di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) Bando 2017 - grant 201728ZA49_001 and by the project 'Innovazione tecnologica per la tutela e valorizzazione degli ecosistemi marini (ITEM)' funded by MIUR CTN02_00059_9948371., and ANR-20-CE20-0009,VIROMET,Devoiler le virome des archées methanogenes(2020)
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Microbiology (medical) ,nanohaloarchaeal-haloarchaeal symbioses ecology of nanohaloarchaea CRISPR ncRNA methylomics ,CRISPR ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,nanohaloarchaeal-haloarchaeal symbioses ,methylomics ,ncRNA ,Microbiology ,ecology of nanohaloarchaea - Abstract
Extremely halophilic representatives of the phylum Candidatus Nanohaloarchaeota (members of the DPANN superphyla) are obligately associated with extremely halophilic archaea of the phylum Halobacteriota (according to the GTDB taxonomy). Using culture-independent molecular techniques, their presence in various hypersaline ecosystems around the world has been confirmed over the past decade. However, the vast majority of nanohaloarchaea remain uncultivated, and thus their metabolic capabilities and ecophysiology are currently poorly understood. Using the (meta)genomic, transcriptomic, and DNA methylome platforms, the metabolism and functional prediction of the ecophysiology of two novel extremely halophilic symbiotic nanohaloarchaea (Ca. Nanohalococcus occultus and Ca. Nanohalovita haloferacivicina) stably cultivated in the laboratory as members of a xylose-degrading binary culture with a haloarchaeal host, Haloferax lucentense, was determined. Like all known DPANN superphylum nanoorganisms, these new sugar-fermenting nanohaloarchaea lack many fundamental biosynthetic repertoires, making them exclusively dependent on their respective host for survival. In addition, given the cultivability of the new nanohaloarchaea, we managed to discover many unique features in these new organisms that have never been observed in nano-sized archaea both within the phylum Ca. Nanohaloarchaeota and the entire superphylum DPANN. This includes the analysis of the expression of organism-specific non-coding regulatory (nc)RNAs (with an elucidation of their 2D-secondary structures) as well as profiling of DNA methylation. While some ncRNA molecules have been predicted with high confidence as RNAs of an archaeal signal recognition particle involved in delaying protein translation, others resemble the structure of ribosome-associated ncRNAs, although none belong to any known family. Moreover, the new nanohaloarchaea have very complex cellular defense mechanisms. In addition to the defense mechanism provided by the type II restriction-modification system, consisting of Dcm-like DNA methyltransferase and Mrr restriction endonuclease, Ca. Nanohalococcus encodes an active type I-D CRISPR/Cas system, containing 77 spacers divided into two loci. Despite their diminutive genomes and as part of their host interaction mechanism, the genomes of new nanohaloarchaea do encode giant surface proteins, and one of them (9,409 amino acids long) is the largest protein of any sequenced nanohaloarchaea and the largest protein ever discovered in cultivated archaea.
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- 2023
7. Clonally expanded CD8 T cells characterize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-4
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Laura Campisi, Shahab Chizari, Jessica S. Y. Ho, Anastasia Gromova, Frederick J. Arnold, Lorena Mosca, Xueyan Mei, Yesai Fstkchyan, Denis Torre, Cindy Beharry, Marta Garcia-Forn, Miguel Jiménez-Alcázar, Vladislav A. Korobeynikov, Jack Prazich, Zahi A. Fayad, Marcus M. Seldin, Silvia De Rubeis, Craig L. Bennett, Lyle W. Ostrow, Christian Lunetta, Massimo Squatrito, Minji Byun, Neil A. Shneider, Ning Jiang, Albert R. La Spada, and Ivan Marazzi
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Motor Neurons ,Multidisciplinary ,General Science & Technology ,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ,DNA Helicases ,Neurosciences ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Neurodegenerative ,Multifunctional Enzymes ,Article ,Clone Cells ,Brain Disorders ,Mice ,Rare Diseases ,Mutation ,Neurological ,Genetics ,Animals ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Gene Knock-In Techniques ,ALS ,Aetiology ,RNA Helicases - Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons and voluntary muscle control1. ALS heterogeneity includes the age of manifestation, the rate of progression and the anatomical sites of symptom onset. Disease-causing mutations in specific genes have been identified and define different subtypes of ALS1. Although several ALS-associated genes have been shown to affect immune functions2, whether specific immune features account for ALS heterogeneity is poorly understood. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-4 (ALS4) is characterized by juvenile onset and slow progression3. Patients with ALS4 show motor difficulties by the time that they are in their thirties, and most of them require devices to assist with walking by their fifties. ALS4 is caused by mutations in the senataxin gene (SETX). Here, using Setx knock-in mice that carry the ALS4-causative L389S mutation, we describe an immunological signature that consists of clonally expanded, terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) CD8 T cells in the central nervous system and the blood of knock-in mice. Increased frequencies of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in knock-in mice mirror the progression of motor neuron disease and correlate with anti-glioma immunity. Furthermore, bone marrow transplantation experiments indicate that the immune system has a key role in ALS4 neurodegeneration. In patients with ALS4, clonally expanded TEMRA CD8 T cells circulate in the peripheral blood. Our results provide evidence of an antigen-specific CD8 T cell response in ALS4, which could be used to unravel disease mechanisms and as a potential biomarker of disease state.
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- 2022
8. Astrocytic LRRK2 Controls Synaptic Connectivity through ERM Phosphorylation
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Shiyi Wang, Dhanesh Sivadasan Bindu, Christabel Xin Tan, Kristina Sakers, Tetsuya Takano, Maria Pia Rodriguez, Kylie Dimond, Scott H. Soderling, Albert R. La Spada, and Cagla Eroglu
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Astrocytes tightly control neuronal connectivity and function in the brain through direct contact with synapses1–5. These glial cells become reactive during disease pathogenesis6–8including Parkinson’s disease (PD)9–14. However, it remains unknown if astrocyte dysfunction is an initiating factor of PD pathogenesis and whether astrocytes can be targeted to stop or reverse the synaptic dysfunction seen in PD. Usingin vitroandin vivomethods, we found that the PD-linked gene Lrrk2 controls astrocyte morphology via regulating the phosphorylation of ERM proteins (Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin), a structural component of the perisynaptic astrocyte processes. ERM phosphorylation is robustly elevated both in mice and humans carrying the LRRK2 G2019S Parkinsonism mutation. Importantly, the reduction of the ERM phosphorylation, specifically in the LRRK2 G2019S in adult astrocytes, is sufficient to restore excitatory synapse number and function deficits in the LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mouse cortex. These results show a role for Lrrk2 in controlling astrocyte morphogenesis and synaptogenic function and reveal that early astrocyte dysfunction in PD could be causal to disruptions in cortical excitatory synaptic connectivity. The astrocytic dysfunction can be corrected by dampening ERM phosphorylation, pinpointing astrocytes as critical cellular targets for PD therapeutics.
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- 2023
9. Purkinje-Enriched snRNA-seq in SCA7 Cerebellum Reveals Zebrin Identity Loss as a Central Feature of Polyglutamine Ataxias
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Luke C. Bartelt, Pawel M. Switonski, Grażyna Adamek, Juliana Carvalho, Lisa A. Duvick, Sabrina I. Jarrah, Hayley S. McLoughlin, Daniel R. Scoles, Stefan M. Pulst, Harry T. Orr, Court Hull, Craig B. Lowe, and Albert R. La Spada
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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG-polyglutamine repeat expansion. SCA7 patients display a striking loss of Purkinje cell (PC) neurons with disease progression; however, PCs are rare, making them difficult to characterize. We developed a PC nuclei enrichment protocol and applied it to single-nucleus RNA-seq of a SCA7 knock-in mouse model. Our results unify prior observations into a central mechanism of cell identity loss, impacting both glia and PCs, driving accumulation of inhibitory synapses and altered PC spiking. Zebrin-II subtype dysregulation is the predominant signal in PCs, leading to complete loss of zebrin-II striping at motor symptom onset in SCA7 mice. We show this zebrin-II subtype degradation is shared across Polyglutamine Ataxia mouse models and SCA7 patients. It has been speculated that PC subtype organization is critical for cerebellar function, and our results suggest that a breakdown of zebrin-II parasagittal striping is pathological.
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- 2023
10. Antibacterial Properties of AquaSun Sol-Gel Coating
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Francesca Crisafi, Mario Pagliaro, Gina La Spada, Violetta Lo Cono, Laura Marturano, Cristina Scolaro, Francesco Smedile, Annamaria Visco, and Rosaria Ciriminna
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We investigate the antimicrobial activity, surface features, wettability and adhesion of photocatalytic xerogel AquaSun deposited on shipbuilding steel, in comparison to those of a commercial antifouling paint. Evaluated exposing the surface of shipbuilding steel pre-treated with primer and tie coat paint, and further coated with a thin layer of AquaSun to a microbial consortium composed by Bacillus aquimaris DSM 16205T and Pseudomonas poae DSM 14936T, the antimicrobial activity is both significant and of broad scope. Taking into account also the low cost, high stability and lack of eco-toxicity of this hybrid sol-gel coating, these results are promising en route to developing novel antimicrobial coatings of broad applicability.
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- 2023
11. Synthesis of Novel Benzo[b][1,6]naphthyridine Derivatives and Investigation of Their Potential as Scaffolds of MAO Inhibitors
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Larisa N. Kulikova, Ghulam Reza Raesi, Daria D. Levickaya, Rosa Purgatorio, Gabriella La Spada, Marco Catto, Cosimo D. Altomare, and Leonid G. Voskressensky
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Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Organic Chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,activated alkynes ,Molecular Medicine ,Pharmaceutical Science ,benzonaphthyridine ,MAO inhibitors ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Alzheimer’s disease ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
In this work, 2-alkyl-10-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines were obtained and their reactivity was studied. Novel derivatives of the tricyclic scaffold, including 1-phenylethynyl (5), 1-indol-3-yl (8), and azocino[4,5-b]quinoline (10) derivatives, were synthesized and characterized herein for the first time. Among the newly synthesized derivatives, 5c–h proved to be MAO B inhibitors with potency in the low micromolar range. In particular, the 1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethynyl) analog 5g achieved an IC50 of 1.35 μM, a value close to that of the well-known MAO B inhibitor pargyline.
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- 2023
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12. Alternative polyadenylation transcriptome-wide association study identifies APA-linked susceptibility genes in brain disorders
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Ya Cui, Frederick J. Arnold, Fanglue Peng, Dan Wang, Jason Sheng Li, Sebastian Michels, Eric J. Wagner, Albert R. La Spada, and Wei Li
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Multidisciplinary ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Chemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) plays an essential role in brain development; however, current transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) largely overlook APA in nominating susceptibility genes. Here, we performed a 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) APA TWAS (3′aTWAS) for 11 brain disorders by combining their genome-wide association studies data with 17,300 RNA-seq samples across 2,937 individuals. We identified 354 3′aTWAS-significant genes, including known APA-linked risk genes, such as SNCA in Parkinson’s disease. Among these 354 genes, ~57% are not significant in traditional expression- and splicing-TWAS studies, since APA may regulate the translation, localization and protein-protein interaction of the target genes independent of mRNA level expression or splicing. Furthermore, we discovered ATXN3 as a 3′aTWAS-significant gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and its modulation substantially impacted pathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in vitro. Together, 3′aTWAS is a powerful strategy to nominate important APA-linked brain disorder susceptibility genes, most of which are largely overlooked by conventional expression and splicing analyses.
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- 2023
13. Financial Sanctions, SWIFT, and the Architecture of the International Payments System
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Marco Cipriani, Linda S. Goldberg, and Gabriele La Spada
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2023
14. Divergence Between Clinical Trial Evidence and Actual Practice in Use of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke
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Eleonora De Matteis, Federico De Santis, Raffaele Ornello, Bruno Censori, Valentina Puglisi, Luisa Vinciguerra, Alessia Giossi, Pietro Di Viesti, Vincenzo Inchingolo, Giovanni Matteo Fratta, Marina Diomedi, Maria Rosaria Bagnato, Silvia Cenciarelli, Chiara Bedetti, Chiara Padiglioni, Tiziana Tassinari, Valentina Saia, Alessandro Russo, Marco Petruzzellis, Domenico Maria Mezzapesa, Martina Caccamo, Giuseppe Rinaldi, Alessandra Bavaro, Maurizio Paciaroni, Maria Giulia Mosconi, Matteo Foschi, Pietro Querzani, Francesco Muscia, Serena Gallo Cassarino, Paolo Candelaresi, Antonio De Mase, Maria Guarino, Letizia Maria Cupini, Enzo Sanzaro, Andrea Zini, Salvatore La Spada, Carmela Palmieri, Federica Nicoletta Sepe, Simone Beretta, Cristina Paci, Emanuele Alessandro Caggia, Maria Vittoria De Angelis, Laura Bonanni, Gino Volpi, Rossana Tassi, Francesca Pistoia, Umberto Scoditti, Agnese Tonon, Giovanna Viticchi, Giampietro Ruzza, Patrizia Nencini, Anna Cavallini, Danilo Toni, Stefano Ricci, Simona Sacco, Maria Cristina Acciarri, Chiara Alessi, Stefania Martina Angelocola, Paola Ajdinaj, Leonardo Barbarini, Valentina Barone, Maraia Cristina Baruffi, Chiara Bassi, Mario Beccia, Simone Bellavia, Leonardo Biscetti, Novella Bonaffini, Laura Bolamperti, Maria Roberta Bongioanni, Marianna Brienza, Gian Luca Bruzzone, Valentina Cameriere, Alessandro Campagnaro, Roberto Cappellani, Manuel Cappellari, Luigi Caputi, Patrizio Cardinali, Lorenzo Coppo, Antonella De Boni, Ivo Giuseppe De Franco, Cristina De Luca, Susanna Diamanti, Francesco Di Blasio, Caterina Di Carmine, Filomena Di Lisi, Anna Di Giovanni, Claudia Faini, Carlo Ferrarese, Thomas Fleetwood, Alberto Fortini, Giovanni Frisullo, Debora Galotto, Antonio Genovese, Luana Gentile, Paolo Invernizzi, Sara La Starza, Federica Letteri, Giovanni Manobianca, Marina Mannino, Michela Marcon, Maela Masato, Federico Mazzacane, Elisabetta Menegazzo, Chiara Menichetti, Daniela Monaco, Federica Naldi, Serena Nannucci, Clorinda Occhipinti, Daniele Orsucci, Silvia Paolucci, Francesco Passarelli, Giulio Papiri, Giuseppe Pelliccioni, Francesco Perini, Vincenza Pinto, Eleonora Potente, Emanuele Puca, Maria Chiara Ricciardi, Cinzia Roberti, Michele Romoli, Francesca Rondelli, Eugenia Rota, Monia Russo, Elisa Sacchini, Alessandra Sanna, Gaspare Scaglione, Andrea Scalvini, Irene Scala, Ciro Scarpato, Giovanna Servillo, Eleonora Sgarlata, Mauro Silvestrini, Marco Simonetto, Emanuele Spina, Roberto Tarletti, Valeria Terruso, Pierluigi Tocco, Laura Tudisco, Gloria Valcamonica, Martina Valente, Marco Vista, Antonio Zito, and Cecilia Zivelonghi
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,clopidogrel ,aspirin ,follow-up studies ,prospective studies ,ticagrelor ,Neurology (clinical) ,Settore MED/26 ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) proved that short-term (21–90 days) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) reduces the risk of early ischemic recurrences after a noncardioembolic minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA) without substantially increasing the hemorrhagic risk. We aimed at understanding whether and how real-world use of DAPT differs from RCTs. Methods: READAPT (Real-Life Study on Short-Term Dual Antiplatelet Treatment in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or TIA) is a prospective cohort study including >18-year-old patients treated with DAPT after a noncardioembolic minor ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA from 51 Italian centers. The study comprises a 90-day follow-up from symptom onset. In the present work, we reported descriptive statistics of baseline data of patients recruited up to July 31, 2022, and proportions of patients who would have been excluded from RCTs. We compared categorical data through the χ² test. Results: We evaluated 1070 patients, who had 72 (interquartile range, 62–79) years median age, were mostly Caucasian (1045; 97.7%), and were men (711; 66.4%). Among the 726 (67.9%) patients with ischemic stroke, 226 (31.1%) did not meet the RCT inclusion criteria because of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >3 and 50 (6.9%) because of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >5. Among the 344 (32.1%) patients with TIA, 69 (19.7%) did not meet the RCT criteria because of age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration of TIA, presence of diabetes score 24 hours) DAPT initiation; 776 (72.5%) and 676 (63.2%) patients did not take loading doses of aspirin and clopidogrel, respectively. Overall, 84 (7.8%) patients met the RCT inclusion/exclusion criteria. Conclusions: The real-world use of DAPT is broader than RCTs. Most patients did not meet the RCT criteria because of the severity of ischemic stroke, lower risk of TIA, late DAPT start, or lack of antiplatelet loading dose. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT05476081.
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- 2023
15. Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7: From Mechanistic Pathways to Therapeutic Opportunities
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Pawel M. Switonski and Albert R. La Spada
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- 2023
16. Novel benzothiazole derivatives as multitargeted-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
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Donia E. Hafez, Mariam Dubiel, Gabriella La Spada, Marco Catto, David Reiner-Link, Yu-Ting Syu, Mohammad Abdel-Halim, Tsong-Long Hwang, Holger Stark, and Ashraf H. Abadi
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Pharmacology ,Drug Discovery ,General Medicine - Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are multifactorial with several different pathologic mechanisms. Therefore, it is assumed that multitargeted-directed ligands (MTDLs) which interact with different biological targets relevant to the diseases, might offer an improved therapeutic alternative than using the traditional “one-target, one-molecule” approach. Herein, we describe new benzothiazole-based derivatives as a privileged scaffold for histamine H3 receptor ligands (H3R). The most affine compound, the 3-(azepan-1-yl)propyloxy-linked benzothiazole derivative 4b, displayed a Ki value of 0.012 μM. The multitargeting potential of these H3R ligands towards AChE, BuChE and MAO-B enzymes was evaluated to yield compound 3s (pyrrolidin-1-yl-(6-((5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)oxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methanone) as the most promising MTDL with a Ki value of 0.036 μM at H3R and IC50 values of 6.7 µM, 2.35 µM, and 1.6 µM towards AChE, BuChE, and MAO-B, respectively. These findings suggest that compound 3s can be a lead structure for developing new multi-targeting anti-AD agents.
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- 2023
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17. Additional file 1 of X-linked SBMA model mice display relevant non-neurological phenotypes and their expression of mutant androgen receptor protein in motor neurons is not required for neuromuscular disease
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Gromova, Anastasia, Cha, Byeonggu, Robinson, Erica M., Strickland, Laura M., Nguyen, Nhat, ElMallah, Mai K., Cortes, Constanza J., and La Spada, Albert R.
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Additional file 1. Figure S1: Characterization of body weight of male wildtype and HSA-Cre only controls compared to singly transgenic BAC fxAR121 and muscle-rescued BAC fxAR121;HSA-Cre mice. A) Weight of individual animals of each genotype plotted as a function of time and fitted with a simple linear regression. Slopes and R squared values are as follows: wildtype, HSA-Cre, HSA/fxAR121, fxAR121. B) Gross anatomical analysis upon dissection of agedmale mice showing robust inguinal, epidydimal, and mesenteric white adipose deposits in control miceand the complete absence of these deposits in BAC fxAR121; HSA-Cre mice.
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- 2023
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18. Financial sanctions, SWIFT, and the architecture of the international payments system
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Cipriani, Marco, Goldberg, Linda S., and La Spada, Gabriele
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G2 ,SWIFT ,F3 ,financial sanctions ,G15 ,ddc:330 ,sanctions ,cross-border payments ,Russia-Ukraine war ,F51 - Abstract
Financial sanctions, alongside economic sanctions, are components of the toolkit used by governments as part of international diplomacy. The use of sanctions, especially financial, has increased over the last seventy years. Financial sanctions have been particularly important whenever the goals of the sanctioning countries were related to democracy and human rights. Financial sanctions restrict entities-countries, businesses, or even individuals-from purchasing or selling financial assets, or from accessing custodial or other financial services. They can be imposed on a sanctioned entity's ability to access the infrastructures that are in place to execute international payments, irrespective of whether such payments underpin financial or real activity. This article explains how financial sanctions can be designed to limit access to the international payments system and, in particular, the SWIFT network, and provides some recent examples.
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- 2023
19. Antagonistic effect of cyclin-dependent kinases and a calcium-dependent phosphatase on polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor toxic gain-of-function
- Author
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Piol, Diana, Tosatto, Laura, Zuccaro, Emanuela, Anderson, Eric N., Falconieri, Antonella, Polanco, Maria J., Marchioretti, Caterina, Lia, Federica, Joseph, White, Bregolin, Elisa, Minervini, Giovanni, Sara, Parodi, Xavier, Salvatella, Arrigoni, Giorgio, Andrea, Ballabio, La Spada, Albert R., Tosatto, Silvio C. E., Sambataro, Fabio, Medina, Diego L., Pandey, Udai B., Manuela, Basso, and Pennuto, Maria
- Published
- 2023
20. Caratteristiche qualitative delle ciliegie Mastrantonio e dei prodotti derivati
- Author
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La Spada, P., Muratore, G., and Rizzo, V.
- Published
- 2023
21. Costly Concessions, Internally Divided Movements, and Strategic Repression: A Movement-Level Analysis
- Author
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Eleonora La Spada
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Political Science and International Relations - Abstract
Is government repression of self-determination (SD) movements affected by the internal structure of the movements? This article investigates the relation between internal fragmentation of SD movements and state repression. While internal fragmentation of domestic challengers is well-documented in conflict studies, its effect on state repression is largely overlooked by the extant literature. Here, I argue that inter-faction competition and disagreements within an internally divided movement constrain the government's ability to negotiate concessions in a way that can satisfy all the actors involved, engendering incentives to repress the movement. I expect that the degree to which this mechanism operates depends on the extent to which the movement is internally fragmented. The findings show that higher degrees of within-movement fragmentation are positively associated with higher levels of repression, and this effect is greater in the presence of active violent militants but smaller in the presence of one or a few dominant faction(s). This study sheds light on the mechanisms that drive repression over SD disputes, which often lead to escalation of violence and civil conflict onset. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can help with the development of early warning systems and conflict prevention in the political practice of national and international organizations.
- Published
- 2022
22. Towards Alzheimer's disease-related targets: One-pot Cu(I)- mediated synthesis of new nitroindazolyltriazoles
- Author
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Mohammed Eddahmi, Gabriella La Spada, Abderrafia Hafid, Mostafa Khouili, Marco Catto, and Latifa Bouissane
- Subjects
Indazoles ,Alzheimer Disease ,Organic Chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Brain ,Cholinesterases ,Amyloidogenic Proteins ,Triazoles ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Monoamine Oxidase ,Copper ,Catalysis - Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the one pot strategy for the Cu(I)-mediated synthesis of new triazoles bearing nitroindazole moieties using different copper catalysts. The biological activity of newly synthesized nitroindazolyltriazoles towards Alzheimer's disease-related targets, namely cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases, and amyloid aggregation, were investigated. Predictions of target affinity, physicochemical parameters, gastrointestinal absorption and brain penetration were achieved by means of in silico tools.
- Published
- 2022
23. Targeted dielectric coating of silver nanoparticles with silica to manipulate optical properties for metasurface applications
- Author
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Z. Lalegani, S.A. Seyyed Ebrahimi, B. Hamawandi, L. La Spada, H. Batili, and M.S. Toprak
- Subjects
General Materials Science ,Epsilon-negative, Core-shell nanoparticles, Silver, Metamaterials, Ag@SiO2 ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
An epsilon-negative metamaterial (ENM) containing core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) was designed, where silver (Ag) NPs served as core and silica (SiO2) was used as spacer shell. AgNPs were synthesized in large scale, using microwave-assisted polyol method, in three average particle sizes, as 30, 54, and 61nm, with a narrow particle size distribution. Optical absorption of Ag NPs was investigated using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Their optical behavior was also theoretically predicted for different thicknesses of the SiO2 shell immersed in media of different refractive indices using the Clausius - Mossotti equation. Based on the results, optimal outputs were obtained with a SiO2 shell of 10nm in thickness encompassing 54nm Ag NPs based on the analytical model and numerical simulations here developed for core-shell structures. Then 10nm SiO2 shell was grown on 54nm Ag NPs by sol-gel synthesis. The NPs were then characterized by UV–Vis, TEM, SEM, EDX, DLS, and zeta potential analyses. The synthesized core-shell NPs can be used to establish epsilon-negative properties in polymer layers within visible range of wavelengths.
- Published
- 2022
24. Bioisosteric replacement based on 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in the discovery of 1H-indazole-bearing neuroprotective MAO B inhibitors
- Author
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Mariagrazia Rullo, Gabriella La Spada, Daniela Valeria Miniero, Andrea Gottinger, Marco Catto, Pietro Delre, Margherita Mastromarino, Tiziana Latronico, Sara Marchese, Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi, Claudia Binda, Anna Linusson, Grazia Maria Liuzzi, and Leonardo Pisani
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Organic Chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
25. Protocol for mapping double-stranded DNA break sites across the genome with translocation capture sequencing
- Author
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Delaney, Joe R. and La Spada, Albert R.
- Subjects
General Immunology and Microbiology ,General Neuroscience ,Protocol ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Translocation sequencing can be used to assess mechanisms of DNA repair and identify genome-wide double-strand breaks (DSBs) accessible to DNA repair machinery. Here, we present a protocol for mapping double-strand DNA break sites across the genome with translocation capture sequencing. Bait DSBs are introduced using a Cas9 nuclease and repaired by the host cell, connecting bait DSBs to other DSBs. Repair sites are detected by isolating bait site DNA, cleaving normal sequence to enrich off-site repair, and next-generation sequencing. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Switonski et al. (2021).(1)
- Published
- 2023
26. A super absorbent polymer containing copper to control
- Author
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Soumia, El Boumlasy, Federico, La Spada, Antonella, Pane, Antonino, Licciardello, Abderrahmane, Debdoubi, Nunzio, Tuccitto, and Santa Olga, Cacciola
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Super absorbent polymer (SAP) containing copper (SAP-Cu) in controlling mal secco disease (MSD) of lemon caused by the fungus
- Published
- 2022
27. Autophagy
- Author
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Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah, Sara, Abdellatif, Mahmoud, Abdoli, Asghar, Abel, Steffen, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abildgaard, Marie H., Abudu, Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adamopoulos, Iannis E., Adeli, Khosrow, Adolph, Timon E., Adornetto, Annagrazia, Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Anupam, Aggarwal, Bharat B., Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrewala, Javed N., Agrotis, Alexander, Aguilar, Patricia V., Ahmad, S. Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair M., Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed M., Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay A., Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gómez, Elísabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Alim Al-Bari, M. Abdul, Aliwaini, Saeb, Alizadeh, Javad, Almacellas, Eugènia, Almasan, Alexandru, Alonso, Alicia, Alonso, Guillermo D., Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C., Álvarez, Élida M. C., Alves, Sara, Alves da Costa, Cristine, Alzaharna, Mazen M., Amadio, Marialaura, Amantini, Consuelo, Amaral, Cristina, Ambrosio, Susanna, Amer, Amal O., Ammanathan, Veena, An, Zhenyi, Andersen, Stig U., Andrabi, Shaida A., Andrade-Silva, Magaiver, Andres, Allen M., Angelini, Sabrina, Ann, David, Anozie, Uche C., Ansari, Mohammad Y., Antas, Pedro, Antebi, Adam, Antón, Zuriñe, Anwar, Tahira, Apetoh, Lionel, Apostolova, Nadezda, Araki, Toshiyuki, Araki, Yasuhiro, Arasaki, Kohei, Araújo, Wagner L., Araya, Jun, Arden, Catherine, Arévalo, Maria-Angeles, Arguelles, Sandro, Arias, Esperanza, Arikkath, Jyothi, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R., Armstrong-James, Darius, Arnauné-Pelloquin, Laetitia, Aroca, Angeles, Arroyo, Daniela S., Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Rubén, Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner, Michael, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Ashur-Fabian, Osnat, Atanasov, Atanas G., Au, Alicia K., Auberger, Patrick, Auner, Holger W., Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Ávalos, Yenniffer, Aveic, Sanja, Aveleira, Célia Alexandra, Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar, Aydin, Yucel, Ayton, Scott, Ayyadevara, Srinivas, Azzopardi, Maria, Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan M., Backues, Steven K., Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H., Baek, Ahruem, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baek, Sung Hee, Bagetta, Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xiyuan, Bai, Yidong, Bairagi, Nandadulal, Baksi, Shounak, Balbi, Teresa, Baldari, Cosima T., Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Ballester, Maria, Balazadeh, Salma, Balzan, Rena, Bandopadhyay, Rina, Banerjee, Sreeparna, Banerjee, Sulagna, Bánréti, Ágnes, Bao, Yan, Baptista, Mauricio S., Baracca, Alessandra, Barbati, Cristiana, Bargiela, Ariadna, Barilà, Daniela, Barlow, Peter G., Barmada, Sami J., Barreiro, Esther, Barreto, George E., Bartek, Jiri, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Barve, Gaurav R., Basagoudanavar, Suresh H., Bassham, Diane C., Bast, Robert C., Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne E., Baumgarner, Bradley L., Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz R.G., Beck, George R., Beers, Michael F., Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg M.N., Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touzé, Naïma, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Belló Pérez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, Beltran, Jackeline Soares de Oliveira, Beltran, Sebastián, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno A., Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin W., Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amélie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri G., Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie M., Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena S., Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md. Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor J., Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor A., Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa B., Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice S., Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan S., Boone, Brian A., Bootman, Martin D., Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat C., Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jürgen, Bose, Santanu, Botana, Luis M., Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal M., Boulton, Michael E., Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig M., Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter V., Bozi, Luiz H. M., Bozkurt, Tolga O., Brackney, Doug E., Brandts, Christian H., Braun, Ralf J., Braus, Gerhard H., Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, José M., Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V. Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Brodsky, Jeffrey L., Brody, Steven L., Bronson, Paola G., Bronstein, Jeff M., Brown, Carolyn N., Brown, Rhoderick E., Brum, Patricia C., Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J., Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J. Ross, Buckingham, Erin M., Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph R., Burón, M. Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Büttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairó, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose A., Caldwell, Guy A., Caldwell, Kim A., Call, Jarrod A., Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana C., Calvo-Rubio Barrera, Miguel, Camara, Niels OS, Camonis, Jacques H., Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward M., Campbell-Valois, François-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane C., Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, Candido de Almeida, Danilo, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Cantí, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Caramés, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie H., Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra M., Carew, Jennifer S., Carle, Georges F., Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia A., Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian M., Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A. Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo F., Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel F., Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio D., Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria L., Cebollada Rica, Paula, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victòria, Cerqueira, João J., Cerutti, Janete M., Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S., Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, Mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David W., Chan, Edmond Y. W., Chan, Edward D., Chan, H.Y. Edwin, Chan, Helen H., Chan, Hung, Chan, Matthew T.V., Chan, Yau Sang, Chandra, Partha K., Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Chunmei, Chang, Hao-Chun, Chang, Kai, Chao, Jie, Chapman, Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas, Chatterjee, Samrat, Chaube, Shail K., Chaudhary, Anu, Chauhan, Santosh, Chaum, Edward, Checler, Frédéric, Cheetham, Michael E., Chen, Chang-Shi, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Jian-Fu, Chen, Liam L., Chen, Leilei, Chen, Lin, Chen, Mingliang, Chen, Mu-Kuan, Chen, Ning, Chen, Quan, Chen, Ruey-Hwa, Chen, Shi, Chen, Wei, Chen, Weiqiang, Chen, Xin-Ming, Chen, Xiong-Wen, Chen, Xu, Chen, Yan, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Zhefan Stephen, Chen, Zhi, Chen, Zhi-Hua, Chen, Zhijian J., Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Hanhua, Cheng, Jun, Cheng, Shi-Yuan, Cheng, Wei, Cheng, Xiaodong, Cheng, Xiu-Tang, Cheng, Yiyun, Cheng, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhong, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jit Kong, Chernyak, Boris V., Cherry, Sara, Cheung, Chi Fai Randy, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung, King-Ho, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Richard J., Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna, Ferdinando, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chica, Nathalia, Chiocca, Susanna, Chiong, Mario, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chiramel, Abhilash I., Chiurchiù, Valerio, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong-Kyu, Choi, Augustine M.K., Choi, Mary E., Choudhury, Kamalika Roy, Chow, Norman S., Chu, Charleen T., Chua, Jason P., Chua, John Jia En, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Kin Pan, Chung, Seockhoon, Chung, So-Hyang, Chung, Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciechomska, Iwona A., Cifuentes, Mariana, Cinque, Laura, Cirak, Sebahattin, Cirone, Mara, Clague, Michael J., Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Coccia, Eliana M., Codogno, Patrice, Cohen, Ehud, Cohen, Mickael M., Colasanti, Tania, Colasuonno, Fiorella, Colbert, Robert A., Colell, Anna, Čolić, Miodrag, Coll, Nuria S., Collins, Mark O., Colombo, María I., Colón-Ramos, Daniel A., Combaret, Lydie, Comincini, Sergio, Cominetti, Márcia R., Consiglio, Antonella, Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio, Contu, Viorica Raluca, Cookson, Mark R., Coombs, Kevin M., Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corkery, Dale P., Cordes, Nils, Cortese, Katia, Costa, Maria do Carmo, Costantino, Sarah, Costelli, Paola, Coto-Montes, Ana, Crack, Peter J., Crespo, Jose L., Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Csizmadia, Tamas, Cuadrado, Antonio, Cui, Bing, Cui, Jun, Cui, Yixian, Cui, Yong, Culetto, Emmanuel, Cumino, Andrea C., Cybulsky, Andrey V., Czaja, Mark J., Czuczwar, Stanislaw J., D’Adamo, Stefania, D’Amelio, Marcello, D’Arcangelo, Daniela, D’Lugos, Andrew C., D’Orazi, Gabriella, da Silva, James A., Dafsari, Hormos Salimi, Dagda, Ruben K., Dagdas, Yasin, Daglia, Maria, Dai, Xiaoxia, Dai, Yun, Dai, Yuyuan, Dal Col, Jessica, Dalhaimer, Paul, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dallenga, Tobias, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Damme, Markus, Dando, Ilaria, Dantuma, Nico P., Darling, April L., Das, Hiranmoy, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasari, Santosh K., Dash, Srikanta, Daumke, Oliver, Dauphinee, Adrian N., Davies, Jeffrey S., Dávila, Valeria A., Davis, Roger J., Davis, Tanja, Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha, De Amicis, Francesca, De Bosscher, Karolien, De Felice, Francesca, De Franceschi, Lucia, De Leonibus, Chiara, de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara G., De Meyer, Guido R.Y., De Milito, Angelo, De Nunzio, Cosimo, De Palma, Clara, De Santi, Mauro, De Virgilio, Claudio, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, DeBosch, Brian J., Decuypere, Jean-Paul, Deehan, Mark A., Deflorian, Gianluca, DeGregori, James, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Rio, Gabriel, Delaney, Joe R., Delbridge, Lea M. D., Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Delpino, M. Victoria, Demarchi, Francesca, Dembitz, Vilma, Demers, Nicholas D., Deng, Hongbin, Deng, Zhiqiang, Dengjel, Joern, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, DePamphilis, Melvin L., Der, Channing J., Deretic, Vojo, Descoteaux, Albert, Devis, Laura, Devkota, Sushil, Devuyst, Olivier, Dewson, Grant, Dharmasivam, Mahendiran, Dhiman, Rohan, di Bernardo, Diego, Di Cristina, Manlio, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Fazio, Pietro, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Di Guardo, Giovanni, Di Guglielmo, Gianni M., Di Leo, Luca, Di Malta, Chiara, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Rienzo, Martina, Di Sano, Federica, Diallinas, George, Diao, Jiajie, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Dickinson, Jared M., Diederich, Marc, Dieudé, Mélanie, Dikic, Ivan, Ding, Shiping, Ding, Wen-Xing, Dini, Luciana, Dinić, Jelena, Dinic, Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T., Dionne, Marc S., Distler, Jörg H.W., Diwan, Abhinav, Dixon, Ian M.C., Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dobrinski, Ina, Dobrovinskaya, Oxana, Dobrowolski, Radek, Dobson, Renwick C.J., Đokić, Jelena, Dokmeci Emre, Serap, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, Bo, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zhiwu, 2nd Dorn, Gerald W., Dotsch, Volker, Dou, Huan, Dou, Juan, Dowaidar, Moataz, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Ailian, Du, Caigan, Du, Guangwei, Du, Hai-Ning, Du, Li-Lin, du Toit, André, Duan, Shao-Bin, Duan, Xiaoqiong, Duarte, Sónia P., Dubrovska, Anna, Dunlop, Elaine A., Dupont, Nicolas, Durán, Raúl V., Dwarakanath, Bilikere S., Dyshlovoy, Sergey A., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles L., Efferth, Thomas, Eftekharpour, Eftekhar, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eid, Nabil, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eissa, N. Tony, Eissa, Sanaa, Ejarque, Miriam, El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar, El-Hage, Nazira, El-Naggar, Shahenda, Eleuteri, Anna Maria, El-Shafey, Eman S., Elgendy, Mohamed, Eliopoulos, Aristides G., Elizalde, María M., Elks, Philip M., Elsasser, Hans-Peter, Elsherbiny, Eslam S., Emerling, Brooke M., Emre, N. C. Tolga, Eng, Christina H., Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelsen, Agnete S.T., Enserink, Jorrit M., Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Facchiano, Francesco, Fadeel, Bengt, Fader, Claudio, Faesen, Alex C., Fairlie, W. 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Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Katare, Rajesh G., Kato, Masaru, Kaufmann, Stefan H.E., Kauppinen, Anu, Kaushal, Gur P., Kaushik, Susmita, Kawasaki, Kiyoshi, Kazan, Kemal, Ke, Po-Yuan, Keating, Damien J., Keber, Ursula, Kehrl, John H., Keller, Kate E., Keller, Christian W., Kemper, Jongsook Kim, Kenific, Candia M., Kepp, Oliver, Kermorgant, Stephanie, Kern, Andreas, Ketteler, Robin, Keulers, Tom G., Khalfin, Boris, Khalil, Hany, Khambu, Bilon, Khan, Shahid Y., Khandelwal, Vinoth Kumar Megraj, Khandia, Rekha, Kho, Widuri, Khobrekar, Noopur V., Khuansuwan, Sataree, Khundadze, Mukhran, Killackey, Samuel A., Kim, Dasol, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Eun, Kim, Eun Young, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, Hak-Rim, Kim, Hee-Sik, Hyung-Ryong Kim, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Kyung, Kim, Jin-Hoi, Kim, Joungmok, Kim, Ju Hwan, Kim, Keun Il, Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong-Jun, Kimball, Scot R., Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., Kimura, Tomonori, King, Matthew A., Kinghorn, Kerri J., Kinsey, Conan G., Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kiselev, Sergey L., Kishi, Shuji, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kitsis, Richard N., Kittler, Josef T., Kjaerulff, Ole, Klein, Peter S., Klopstock, Thomas, Klucken, Jochen, Knævelsrud, Helene, Knorr, Roland L., Ko, Ben C.B., Ko, Fred, Ko, Jiunn-Liang, Kobayashi, Hotaka, Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Ina, Koch, Jan C., Koenig, Ulrich, Kögel, Donat, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Kohlwein, Sepp D., Kocaturk, Nur M., Komatsu, Masaaki, König, Jeannette, Kono, Toru, Kopp, Benjamin T., Korcsmaros, Tamas, Korkmaz, Gözde, Korolchuk, Viktor I., Korsnes, Mónica Suárez, Koskela, Ali, Kota, Janaiah, Kotake, Yaichiro, Kotler, Monica L., Kou, Yanjun, Koukourakis, Michael I., Koustas, Evangelos, Kovacs, Attila L., Kovács, Tibor, Koya, Daisuke, Kozako, Tomohiro, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Krasnodembskaya, Anna D., Kretz-Remy, Carole, Kroemer, Guido, Ktistakis, Nicholas T., Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, Kuenen, Sabine, Kuerschner, Lars, Kukar, Thomas, Kumar, Ajay, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Sharad, Kume, Shinji, Kumsta, Caroline, Kundu, Chanakya N., Kundu, Mondira, Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B., Kurgan, Lukasz, Kutateladze, Tatiana G., Kutlu, Ozlem, Kwak, SeongAe, Kwon, Ho Jeong, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, Kwon, Yong Tae, Kyrmizi, Irene, La Spada, Albert, Labonté, Patrick, Ladoire, Sylvain, Laface, Ilaria, Lafont, Frank, Lagace, Diane C., Lahiri, Vikramjit, Lai, Zhibing, Laird, Angela S., Lakkaraju, Aparna, Lamark, Trond, Lan, Sheng-Hui, Landajuela, Ane, Lane, Darius J. R., Lane, Jon D., Lang, Charles H., Lange, Carsten, Langel, Ülo, Langer, Rupert, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn, LaRusso, Nicholas F., Lastres-Becker, Isabel, Lau, Wilson Chun Yu, Laurie, Gordon W., Lavandero, Sergio, Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, Law, Helen Ka-wai, Layfield, Rob, Le, Weidong, Le Stunff, Herve, Leary, Alexandre Y., Lebrun, Jean-Jacques, Leck, Lionel Y.W., Leduc-Gaudet, Jean-Philippe, Lee, Changwook, Lee, Chung-Pei, Lee, Da-Hye, Lee, Edward B., Lee, Erinna F., Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Heung Kyu, Lee, Jae Man, Lee, Jason S., Lee, Jin-A, Lee, Joo-Yong, Lee, Jun Hee, Lee, Michael, Lee, Min Goo, Lee, Min Jae, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Sang Yoon, Lee, Seung-Jae, Lee, Stella Y., Lee, Sung Bae, Lee, Won Hee, Lee, Ying-Ray, Lee, Yong-ho, Lee, Youngil, Lefebvre, Christophe, Legouis, Renaud, Lei, Yu L., Lei, Yuchen, Leikin, Sergey, Leitinger, Gerd, Lemus, Leticia, Leng, Shuilong, Lenoir, Olivia, Lenz, Guido, Lenz, Heinz Josef, Lenzi, Paola, León, Yolanda, Leopoldino, Andréia M., Leschczyk, Christoph, Leskelä, Stina, Letellier, Elisabeth, Leung, Chi-Ting, Leung, Po Sing, Leventhal, Jeremy S., Levine, Beth, Lewis, Patrick A., Ley, Klaus, Li, Bin, Li, Da-Qiang, Li, Jianming, Li, Jing, Li, Jiong, Li, Ke, Li, Liwu, Li, Mei, Li, Min, Li, Ming, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Pin-Lan, Li, Ming-Qing, Li, Qing, Li, Sheng, Li, Tiangang, Li, Wei, Li, Wenming, Li, Xue, Li, Yi-Ping, Li, Yuan, Li, Zhiqiang, Li, Zhiyong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lian, Jiqin, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liang, Weicheng, Liang, Yongheng, Liang, YongTian, Liao, Guanghong, Liao, Lujian, Liao, Mingzhi, Liao, Yung-Feng, Librizzi, Mariangela, Lie, Pearl P. Y., Lilly, Mary A., Lim, Hyunjung J., Lima, Thania R.R., Limana, Federica, Lin, Chao, Lin, Chih-Wen, Lin, Dar-Shong, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jiandie D., Lin, Kurt M., Lin, Kwang-Huei, Lin, Liang-Tzung, Lin, Pei-Hui, Lin, Qiong, Lin, Shaofeng, Lin, Su-Ju, Lin, Wenyu, Lin, Xueying, Lin, Yao-Xin, Lin, Yee-Shin, Linden, Rafael, Lindner, Paula, Ling, Shuo-Chien, Lingor, Paul, Linnemann, Amelia K., Liou, Yih-Cherng, Lipinski, Marta M., Lipovšek, Saška, Lira, Vitor A., Lisiak, Natalia, Liton, Paloma B., Liu, Chao, Liu, Ching-Hsuan, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Cui Hua, Liu, Fang, Liu, Hao, Liu, Hsiao-Sheng, Liu, Hua-feng, Liu, Huifang, Liu, Jia, Liu, Jing, Liu, Julia, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Longhua, Liu, Meilian, Liu, Qin, Liu, Wei, Liu, Wende, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xiaodong, Liu, Xingguo, Liu, Xu, Liu, Xuedong, Liu, Yanfen, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yueyang, Liu, Yule, Livingston, J. Andrew, Lizard, Gerard, Lizcano, Jose M., Ljubojevic-Holzer, Senka, LLeonart, Matilde E., Llobet-Navàs, David, Llorente, Alicia, Lo, Chih Hung, Lobato-Márquez, Damián, Long, Qi, Long, Yun Chau, Loos, Ben, Loos, Julia A., López, Manuela G., López-Doménech, Guillermo, López-Guerrero, José Antonio, López-Jiménez, Ana T., López-Pérez, Óscar, López-Valero, Israel, Lorenowicz, Magdalena J., Lorente, Mar, Lorincz, Peter, Lossi, Laura, Lotersztajn, Sophie, Lovat, Penny E., Lovell, Jonathan F., Lovy, Alenka, Lőw, Péter, Lu, Guang, Lu, Haocheng, Lu, Jia-Hong, Lu, Jin-Jian, Lu, Mengji, Lu, Shuyan, Luciani, Alessandro, Lucocq, John M., Ludovico, Paula, Luftig, Micah A., Luhr, Morten, Luis-Ravelo, Diego, Lum, Julian J., Luna-Dulcey, Liany, Lund, Anders H., Lund, Viktor K., Lünemann, Jan D., Lüningschrör, Patrick, Luo, Honglin, Luo, Rongcan, Luo, Shouqing, Luo, Zhi, Luparello, Claudio, Lüscher, Bernhard, Luu, Luan, Lyakhovich, Alex, Lyamzaev, Konstantin G., Lystad, Alf Håkon, Lytvynchuk, Lyubomyr, Ma, Alvin C., Ma, Changle, Ma, Mengxiao, Ma, Ning-Fang, Ma, Quan-Hong, Ma, Xinliang, Ma, Yueyun, Ma, Zhenyi, MacDougald, Ormond A., Macian, Fernando, MacIntosh, Gustavo C., MacKeigan, Jeffrey P., Macleod, Kay F., Maday, Sandra, Madeo, Frank, Madesh, Muniswamy, Madl, Tobias, Madrigal-Matute, Julio, Maeda, Akiko, Maejima, Yasuhiro, Magarinos, Marta, Mahavadi, Poornima, Maiani, Emiliano, Maiese, Kenneth, Maiti, Panchanan, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Majello, Barbara, Major, Michael B., Makareeva, Elena, Malik, Fayaz, Mallilankaraman, Karthik, Malorni, Walter, Maloyan, Alina, Mammadova, Najiba, Man, Gene Chi Wai, Manai, Federico, Mancias, Joseph D., Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Mandell, Michael A., Manfredi, Angelo A., Manjili, Masoud H., Manjithaya, Ravi, Manque, Patricio, Manshian, Bella B., Manzano, Raquel, Manzoni, Claudia, Mao, Kai, Marchese, Cinzia, Marchetti, Sandrine, Marconi, Anna Maria, Marcucci, Fabrizio, Mardente, Stefania, Mareninova, Olga A., Margeta, Marta, Mari, Muriel, Marinelli, Sara, Marinelli, Oliviero, Mariño, Guillermo, Mariotto, Sofia, Marshall, Richard S., Marten, Mark R., Martens, Sascha, Martin, Alexandre P.J., Martin, Katie R., Martin, Sara, Martin, Shaun, Martín-Segura, Adrián, Martín-Acebes, Miguel A., Martin-Burriel, Inmaculada, Martin-Rincon, Marcos, Martin-Sanz, Paloma, Martina, José A., Martinet, Wim, Martinez, Aitor, Martinez, Ana, Martinez, Jennifer, Martinez Velazquez, Moises, Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Martins, Daniel O., Martins, Joilson O., Martins, Waleska K., Martins-Marques, Tania, Marzetti, Emanuele, Masaldan, Shashank, Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine, Mashek, Douglas G., Massa, Valentina, Massieu, Lourdes, Masson, Glenn R., Masuelli, Laura, Masyuk, Anatoliy I., Masyuk, Tetyana V., Matarrese, Paola, Matheu, Ander, Matoba, Satoaki, Matsuzaki, Sachiko, Mattar, Pamela, Matte, Alessandro, Mattoscio, Domenico, Mauriz, José L., Mauthe, Mario, Mauvezin, Caroline, Maverakis, Emanual, Maycotte, Paola, Mayer, Johanna, Mazzoccoli, Gianluigi, Mazzoni, Cristina, Mazzulli, Joseph R., McCarty, Nami, McDonald, Christine, McGill, Mitchell R., McKenna, Sharon L., McLaughlin, BethAnn, McLoughlin, Fionn, McNiven, Mark A., McWilliams, Thomas G., Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima, Medeiros, Tania Catarina, Medina, Diego L., Megeney, Lynn A., Megyeri, Klara, Mehrpour, Maryam, Mehta, Jawahar L., Meijer, Alfred J., Meijer, Annemarie H., Mejlvang, Jakob, Meléndez, Alicia, Melk, Annette, Memisoglu, Gonen, Mendes, Alexandrina F., Meng, Delong, Meng, Fei, Meng, Tian, Menna-Barreto, Rubem, Menon, Manoj B., Mercer, Carol, Mercier, Anne E., Mergny, Jean-Louis, Merighi, Adalberto, Merkley, Seth D., Merla, Giuseppe, Meske, Volker, Mestre, Ana Cecilia, Metur, Shree Padma, Meyer, Christian, Meyer, Hemmo, Mi, Wenyi, Mialet-Perez, Jeanne, Miao, Junying, Micale, Lucia, Miki, Yasuo, Milan, Enrico, Milczarek, Małgorzata, Miller, Dana L., Miller, Samuel I., Miller, Silke, Millward, Steven W., Milosevic, Ira, Minina, Elena A., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza, Mirzaei, Mehdi, Mishra, Amit, Mishra, Nandita, Mishra, Paras Kumar, Misirkic Marjanovic, Maja, Misasi, Roberta, Misra, Amit, Misso, Gabriella, Mitchell, Claire, Mitou, Geraldine, Miura, Tetsuji, Miyamoto, Shigeki, Miyazaki, Makoto, Miyazaki, Mitsunori, Miyazaki, Taiga, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mogensen, Trine H., Mograbi, Baharia, Mohammadinejad, Reza, Mohamud, Yasir, Mohanty, Abhishek, Mohapatra, Sipra, Möhlmann, Torsten, Mohmmed, Asif, Moles, Anna, Moley, Kelle H., Molinari, Maurizio, Mollace, Vincenzo, Møller, Andreas Buch, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Montagna, Costanza, Monteiro, Mervyn J., Montella, Andrea, Montes, L. Ruth, Montico, Barbara, Mony, Vinod K., Monzio Compagnoni, Giacomo, Moore, Michael N., Moosavi, Mohammad A., Mora, Ana L., Mora, Marina, Morales-Alamo, David, Moratalla, Rosario, Moreira, Paula I., Morelli, Elena, Moreno, Sandra, Moreno-Blas, Daniel, Moresi, Viviana, Morga, Benjamin, Morgan, Alwena H., Morin, Fabrice, Morishita, Hideaki, Moritz, Orson L., Moriyama, Mariko, Moriyasu, Yuji, Morleo, Manuela, Morselli, Eugenia, Moruno-Manchon, Jose F., Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Motori, Elisa, Moura, Andrea Felinto, Moustaid-Moussa, Naima, Mrakovcic, Maria, Muciño-Hernández, Gabriel, Mukherjee, Anupam, Mukhopadhyay, Subhadip, Mulcahy Levy, Jean M., Mulero, Victoriano, Muller, Sylviane, Münch, Christian, Munjal, Ashok, Munoz-Canoves, Pura, Muñoz-Galdeano, Teresa, Münz, Christian, Murakawa, Tomokazu, Muratori, Claudia, Murphy, Brona M., Murphy, J. Patrick, Murthy, Aditya, Myöhänen, Timo T., Mysorekar, Indira U., Mytych, Jennifer, Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad, Nabissi, Massimo, Nagy, Péter, Nah, Jihoon, Nahimana, Aimable, Nakagawa, Ichiro, Nakamura, Ken, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nandi, Shyam S., Nanjundan, Meera, Nanni, Monica, Napolitano, Gennaro, Nardacci, Roberta, Narita, Masashi, Nassif, Melissa, Nathan, Ilana, Natsumeda, Manabu, Naude, Ryno J., Naumann, Christin, Naveiras, Olaia, Navid, Fatemeh, Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nazio, Francesca, Negoita, Florentina, Neill, Thomas, Neisch, Amanda L., Neri, Luca M., Netea, Mihai G., Neubert, Patrick, Neufeld, Thomas P., Neumann, Dietbert, Neutzner, Albert, Newton, Phillip T., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Ng, Charlene C.W., Ng, Tzi Bun, Nguyen, Hang T. T., Nguyen, Long T., Ni, Hong-Min, Ní Cheallaigh, Clíona, Ni, Zhenhong, Nicolao, M. Celeste, Nicoli, Francesco, Nieto-Diaz, Manuel, Nilsson, Per, Ning, Shunbin, Niranjan, Rituraj, Nishimune, Hiroshi, Niso-Santano, Mireia, Nixon, Ralph A., Nobili, Annalisa, Nobrega, Clevio, Noda, Takeshi, Nogueira-Recalde, Uxía, Nolan, Trevor M., Nombela, Ivan, Novak, Ivana, Novoa, Beatriz, Nozawa, Takashi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nussbaum-Krammer, Carmen, Nylandsted, Jesper, O’Donovan, Tracey R., O’Leary, Seónadh M., O’Rourke, Eyleen J., O’Sullivan, Mary P., O’Sullivan, Timothy E., Oddo, Salvatore, Oehme, Ina, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ogier-Denis, Eric, Ogmundsdottir, Margret H., Ogretmen, Besim, Oh, Goo Taeg, Oh, Seon-Hee, Oh, Young J., Ohama, Takashi, Ohashi, Yohei, Ohmuraya, Masaki, Oikonomou, Vasileios, Ojha, Rani, Okamoto, Koji, Okazawa, Hitoshi, Oku, Masahide, Oliván, Sara, Oliveira, Jorge M. A., Ollmann, Michael, Olzmann, James A., Omari, Shakib, Omary, M. Bishr, Önal, Gizem, Ondrej, Martin, Ong, Sang-Bing, Ong, Sang-Ging, Onnis, Anna, Orellana, Juan A., Orellana-Muñoz, Sara, Ortega-Villaizan, Maria Del Mar, Ortiz-Gonzalez, Xilma R., Ortona, Elena, Osiewacz, Heinz D., Osman, Abdel-Hamid K., Osta, Rosario, Otegui, Marisa S., Otsu, Kinya, Ott, Christiane, Ottobrini, Luisa, Ou, Jing-hsiung James, Outeiro, Tiago F., Oynebraten, Inger, Ozturk, Melek, Pagès, Gilles, Pahari, Susanta, Pajares, Marta, Pajvani, Utpal B., Pal, Rituraj, Paladino, Simona, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmieri, Michela, Palmisano, Giuseppe, Palumbo, Camilla, Pampaloni, Francesco, Pan, Lifeng, Pan, Qingjun, Pan, Wenliang, Pan, Xin, Panasyuk, Ganna, Pandey, Rahul, Pandey, Udai B., Pandya, Vrajesh, Paneni, Francesco, Pang, Shirley Y., Panzarini, Elisa, Papademetrio, Daniela L., Papaleo, Elena, Papinski, Daniel, Papp, Diana, Park, Eun Chan, Park, Hwan Tae, Park, Ji-Man, Park, Jong-In, Park, Joon Tae, Park, Junsoo, Park, Sang Chul, Park, Sang-Youel, Parola, Abraham H., Parys, Jan B., Pasquier, Adrien, Pasquier, Benoit, Passos, João F., Pastore, Nunzia, Patel, Hemal H., Patschan, Daniel, Pattingre, Sophie, Pedraza-Alva, Gustavo, Pedraza-Chaverri, Jose, Pedrozo, Zully, Pei, Gang, Pei, Jianming, Peled-Zehavi, Hadas, Pellegrini, Joaquín M., Pelletier, Joffrey, Peñalva, Miguel A., Peng, Di, Peng, Ying, Penna, Fabio, Pennuto, Maria, Pentimalli, Francesca, Pereira, Cláudia MF, Pereira, Gustavo J.S., Pereira, Lilian C., Pereira de Almeida, Luis, Perera, Nirma D., Pérez-Lara, Ángel, Perez-Oliva, Ana B., Pérez-Pérez, María Esther, Periyasamy, Palsamy, Perl, Andras, Perrotta, Cristiana, Perrotta, Ida, Pestell, Richard G., Petersen, Morten, Petrache, Irina, Petrovski, Goran, Pfirrmann, Thorsten, Pfister, Astrid S., Philips, Jennifer A., Pi, Huifeng, Picca, Anna, Pickrell, Alicia M., Picot, Sandy, Pierantoni, Giovanna M., Pierdominici, Marina, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie, Pierzynowska, Karolina, Pietrocola, Federico, Pietruczuk, Miroslawa, Pignata, Claudio, Pimentel-Muiños, Felipe X., Pinar, Mario, Pinheiro, Roberta O., Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Pinton, Paolo, Pircs, Karolina, Piya, Sujan, Pizzo, Paola, Plantinga, Theo S., Platta, Harald W., Plaza-Zabala, Ainhoa, Plomann, Markus, Plotnikov, Egor Y., Plun-Favreau, Helene, Pluta, Ryszard, Pocock, Roger, Pöggeler, Stefanie, Pohl, Christian, Poirot, Marc, Poletti, Angelo, Ponpuak, Marisa, Popelka, Hana, Popova, Blagovesta, Porta, Helena, Porte Alcon, Soledad, Portilla-Fernandez, Eliana, Post, Martin, Potts, Malia B., Poulton, Joanna, Powers, Ted, Prahlad, Veena, Prajsnar, Tomasz K., Praticò, Domenico, Prencipe, Rosaria, Priault, Muriel, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Promponas, Vasilis J., Proud, Christopher G., Puertollano, Rosa, Puglielli, Luigi, Pulinilkunnil, Thomas, Puri, Deepika, Puri, Rajat, Puyal, Julien, Qi, Xiaopeng, Qi, Yongmei, Qian, Wenbin, Qiang, Lei, Qiu, Yu, Quadrilatero, Joe, Quarleri, Jorge, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Ragona, Debora, Ragusa, Michael J., Rahimi, Nader, Rahmati, Marveh, Raia, Valeria, Raimundo, Nuno, Rajasekaran, Namakkal-Soorappan, Ramachandra Rao, Sriganesh, Rami, Abdelhaq, Ramírez-Pardo, Ignacio, Ramsden, David B., Randow, Felix, Rangarajan, Pundi N., Ranieri, Danilo, Rao, Hai, Rao, Lang, Rao, Rekha, Rathore, Sumit, Ratnayaka, J. Arjuna, Ratovitski, Edward A., Ravanan, Palaniyandi, Ravegnini, Gloria, Ray, Swapan K., Razani, Babak, Rebecca, Vito, Reggiori, Fulvio, Régnier-Vigouroux, Anne, Reichert, Andreas S., Reigada, David, Reiling, Jan H., Rein, Theo, Reipert, Siegfried, Rekha, Rokeya Sultana, Ren, Hongmei, Ren, Jun, Ren, Weichao, Renault, Tristan, Renga, Giorgia, Reue, Karen, Rewitz, Kim, Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos, Bruna, Riazuddin, S. Amer, Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Teresa M., Ricci, Jean-Ehrland, Ricci, Romeo, Riccio, Victoria, Richardson, Des R., Rikihisa, Yasuko, Risbud, Makarand V., Risueño, Ruth M., Ritis, Konstantinos, Rizza, Salvatore, Rizzuto, Rosario, Roberts, Helen C., Roberts, Luke D., Robinson, Katherine J., Roccheri, Maria Carmela, Rocchi, Stephane, Rodney, George G., Rodrigues, Tiago, Rodrigues Silva, Vagner Ramon, Rodriguez, Amaia, Rodriguez-Barrueco, Ruth, Rodriguez-Henche, Nieves, Rodriguez-Rocha, Humberto, Roelofs, Jeroen, Rogers, Robert S., Rogov, Vladimir V., Rojo, Ana I., Rolka, Krzysztof, Romanello, Vanina, Romani, Luigina, Romano, Alessandra, Romano, Patricia S., Romeo-Guitart, David, Romero, Luis C., Romero, Montserrat, Roney, Joseph C., Rongo, Christopher, Roperto, Sante, Rosenfeldt, Mathias T., Rosenstiel, Philip, Rosenwald, Anne G., Roth, Kevin A., Roth, Lynn, Roth, Steven, Rouschop, Kasper M.A., Roussel, Benoit D., Roux, Sophie, Rovere-Querini, Patrizia, Roy, Ajit, Rozieres, Aurore, Ruano, Diego, Rubinsztein, David C., Rubtsova, Maria P., Ruckdeschel, Klaus, Ruckenstuhl, Christoph, Rudolf, Emil, Rudolf, Rüdiger, Ruggieri, Alessandra, Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok, Rusmini, Paola, Russell, Ryan R., Russo, Gian Luigi, Russo, Maria, Russo, Rossella, Ryabaya, Oxana O., Ryan, Kevin M., Ryu, Kwon-Yul, Sabater-Arcis, Maria, Sachdev, Ulka, Sacher, Michael, Sachse, Carsten, Sadhu, Abhishek, Sadoshima, Junichi, Safren, Nathaniel, Saftig, Paul, Sagona, Antonia P., Sahay, Gaurav, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahin, Mustafa, Sahin, Ozgur, Sahni, Sumit, Saito, Nayuta, Saito, Shigeru, Saito, Tsunenori, Sakai, Ryohei, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, Sakamaki, Jun-Ichi, Saksela, Kalle, Salazar, Gloria, Salazar-Degracia, Anna, Salekdeh, Ghasem H., Saluja, Ashok K., Sampaio-Marques, Belém, Sanchez, Maria Cecilia, Sanchez-Alcazar, Jose A., Sanchez-Vera, Victoria, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Sanderson, J. Thomas, Sandri, Marco, Santaguida, Stefano, Santambrogio, Laura, Santana, Magda M., Santoni, Giorgio, Sanz, Alberto, Sanz, Pascual, Saran, Shweta, Sardiello, Marco, Sargeant, Timothy J., Sarin, Apurva, Sarkar, Chinmoy, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarrias, Maria-Rosa, Sarkar, Surajit, Sarmah, Dipanka Tanu, Sarparanta, Jaakko, Sathyanarayan, Aishwarya, Sathyanarayanan, Ranganayaki, Scaglione, K. Matthew, Scatozza, Francesca, Schaefer, Liliana, Schafer, Zachary T., Schaible, Ulrich E., Schapira, Anthony H.V., Scharl, Michael, Schatzl, Hermann M., Schein, Catherine H., Scheper, Wiep, Scheuring, David, Schiaffino, Maria Vittoria, Schiappacassi, Monica, Schindl, Rainer, Schlattner, Uwe, Schmidt, Oliver, Schmitt, Roland, Schmidt, Stephen D., Schmitz, Ingo, Schmukler, Eran, Schneider, Anja, Schneider, Bianca E., Schober, Romana, Schoijet, Alejandra C., Schott, Micah B., Schramm, Michael, Schröder, Bernd, Schuh, Kai, Schüller, Christoph, Schulze, Ryan J., Schürmanns, Lea, Schwamborn, Jens C., Schwarten, Melanie, Scialo, Filippo, Sciarretta, Sebastiano, Scott, Melanie J., Scotto, Kathleen W., Scovassi, A. Ivana, Scrima, Andrea, Scrivo, Aurora, Sebastian, David, Sebti, Salwa, Sedej, Simon, Segatori, Laura, Segev, Nava, Seglen, Per O., Seiliez, Iban, Seki, Ekihiro, Selleck, Scott B., Sellke, Frank W., Selsby, Joshua T., Sendtner, Michael, Senturk, Serif, Seranova, Elena, Sergi, Consolato, Serra-Moreno, Ruth, Sesaki, Hiromi, Settembre, Carmine, Setty, Subba Rao Gangi, Sgarbi, Gianluca, Sha, Ou, Shacka, John J., Shah, Javeed A., Shang, Dantong, Shao, Changshun, Shao, Feng, Sharbati, Soroush, Sharkey, Lisa M., Sharma, Dipali, Sharma, Gaurav, Sharma, Kulbhushan, Sharma, Pawan, Sharma, Surendra, Shen, Han-Ming, Shen, Hongtao, Shen, Jiangang, Shen, Ming, Shen, Weili, Shen, Zheni, Sheng, Rui, Sheng, Zhi, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shi, Jianjian, Shi, Xiaobing, Shi, Ying-Hong, Shiba-Fukushima, Kahori, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shimozawa, Makoto, Shintani, Takahiro, Shoemaker, Christopher J., Shojaei, Shahla, Shoji, Ikuo, Shravage, Bhupendra V., Shridhar, Viji, Shu, Chih-Wen, Shu, Hong-Bing, Shui, Ke, Shukla, Arvind K., Shutt, Timothy E., Sica, Valentina, Siddiqui, Aleem, Sierra, Amanda, Sierra-Torre, Virginia, Signorelli, Santiago, Sil, Payel, Silva, Bruno J. de Andrade, Silva, Johnatas D., Silva-Pavez, Eduardo, Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine, Simmonds, Rachel E., Simon, Anna Katharina, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simons, Matias, Singh, Anurag, Singh, Lalit P., Singh, Rajat, Singh, Shivendra V., Singh, Shrawan K., Singh, Sudha B., Singh, Sunaina, Singh, Surinder Pal, Sinha, Debasish, Sinha, Rohit Anthony, Sinha, Sangita, Sirko, Agnieszka, Sirohi, Kapil, Sivridis, Efthimios L., Skendros, Panagiotis, Skirycz, Aleksandra, Slaninová, Iva, Smaili, Soraya S., Smertenko, Andrei, Smith, Matthew D., Soenen, Stefaan J., Sohn, Eun Jung, Sok, Sophia P. M., Solaini, Giancarlo, Soldati, Thierry, Soleimanpour, Scott A., Soler, Rosa M., Solovchenko, Alexei, Somarelli, Jason A., Sonawane, Avinash, Song, Fuyong, Song, Hyun Kyu, Song, Ju-Xian, Song, Kunhua, Song, Zhiyin, Soria, Leandro R., Sorice, Maurizio, Soukas, Alexander A., Soukup, Sandra-Fausia, Sousa, Diana, Sousa, Nadia, Spagnuolo, Paul A., Spector, Stephen A., Srinivas Bharath, M. M., St. Clair, Daret, Stagni, Venturina, Staiano, Leopoldo, Stalnecker, Clint A., Stankov, Metodi V., Stathopulos, Peter B., Stefan, Katja, Stefan, Sven Marcel, Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S., Steinkasserer, Alexander, Stenmark, Harald, Sterneckert, Jared, Stevens, Craig, Stoka, Veronika, Storch, Stephan, Stork, Björn, Strappazzon, Flavie, Strohecker, Anne Marie, Stupack, Dwayne G., Su, Huanxing, Su, Ling-Yan, Su, Longxiang, Suarez-Fontes, Ana M., Subauste, Carlos S., Subbian, Selvakumar, Subirada, Paula V., Sudhandiran, Ganapasam, Sue, Carolyn M., Sui, Xinbing, Summers, Corey, Sun, Guangchao, Sun, Jun, Sun, Kang, Sun, Meng-xiang, Sun, Qiming, Sun, Yi, Sun, Zhongjie, Sunahara, Karen K.S., Sundberg, Eva, Susztak, Katalin, Sutovsky, Peter, Suzuki, Hidekazu, Sweeney, Gary, Symons, J. David, Sze, Stephen Cho Wing, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., Tabęcka-Łonczynska, Anna, Tabolacci, Claudio, Tacke, Frank, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Tagaya, Mitsuo, Tai, Haoran, Tait, Stephen W. 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Richard, Waguri, Satoshi, Waite, Kenrick A, Wakatsuki, Shuji, Walker, David W, Walker, Mark J, Walker, Simon A, Walter, Jochen, Wandosell, Francisco G, Wang, Bo, Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chen, Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chenwei, Wang, Cun-Yu, Wang, Dong, Wang, Fangyang, Wang, Feng, Wang, Fengming, Wang, Guansong, Wang, Han, Wang, Hao, Wang, Hexiang, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Jianrong, Wang, Jigang, Wang, Jiou, Wang, Jundong, Wang, Kui, Wang, Lianrong, Wang, Liming, Wang, Maggie Haitian, Wang, Meiqing, Wang, Nanbu, Wang, Pengwei, Wang, Peipei, Wang, Ping, Wang, Qing Jun, Wang, Qing, Wang, Qing Kenneth, Wang, Qiong A, Wang, Wen-Tao, Wang, Wuyang, Wang, Xinnan, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanchang, Wang, Yanzhuang, Wang, Yen-Yun, Wang, Yihua, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, Wang, Yuqi, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhouguang, Warnes, Gary, Warnsmann, Verena, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Eizo, Watchon, Maxinne, Wawrzyńska, Anna, Weaver, Timothy E, Wegrzyn, Grzegorz, Wehman, Ann M, Wei, Huafeng, Wei, Lei, Wei, Taotao, Wei, Yongjie, Weiergräber, Oliver H, Weihl, Conrad C, Weindl, Günther, Weiskirchen, Ralf, Wells, Alan, Wen, Runxia H, Wen, Xin, Werner, Antonia, Weykopf, Beatrice, Wheatley, Sally P, Whitton, J Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J, Wiktorska, Katarzyna, Wildenberg, Manon E, Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Brett, Williams, Robin S B, Williams, Roger L, Williamson, Peter R, Wilson, Richard A, Winner, Beate, Winsor, Nathaniel J, Witkin, Steven S, Wodrich, Harald, Woehlbier, Ute, Wollert, Thoma, Wong, Esther, Wong, Jack Ho, Wong, Richard W, Wong, Vincent Kam Wai, Wong, W Wei-Lynn, Wu, An-Guo, Wu, Chengbiao, Wu, Jian, Wu, Junfang, Wu, Kenneth K, Wu, Min, Wu, Shan-Ying, Wu, Shengzhou, Wu, Shu-Yan, Wu, Shufang, Wu, William K K, Wu, Xiaohong, Wu, Xiaoqing, Wu, Yao-Wen, Wu, Yihua, Xavier, Ramnik J, Xia, Hongguang, Xia, Lixin, Xia, Zhengyuan, Xiang, Ge, Xiang, Jin, Xiang, Mingliang, Xiang, Wei, Xiao, Bin, Xiao, Guozhi, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Hong-Tao, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Lan, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Yin, Xie, Baoming, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Min, Xie, Yuxiang, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, En, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Jing, Xu, JinRong, Xu, Liang, Xu, Wen Wen, Xu, Xiulong, Xue, Yu, Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna M S, Yamaguchi, Masamitsu, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yan, Shengmin, Yan, Shian-Jang, Yan, Zhen, Yanagi, Yasuo, Yang, Chuanbin, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Huan, Yang, Huang-Tian, Yang, Hui, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Jing, Yang, Jingyu, Yang, Ling, Yang, Liu, Yang, Ming, Yang, Pei-Ming, Yang, Qian, Yang, Seungwon, Yang, Shu, Yang, Shun-Fa, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Xiaoyong, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Yi, Yang, Ying, Yao, Honghong, Yao, Shenggen, Yao, Xiaoqiang, Yao, Yong-Gang, Yao, Yong-Ming, Yasui, Takahiro, Yazdankhah, Meysam, Yen, Paul M, Yi, Cong, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yin, Yanhai, Yin, Zhangyuan, Yin, Ziyi, Ying, Meidan, Ying, Zheng, Yip, Calvin K, Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung, Yoo, Young H, Yoshida, Kiyotsugu, Yoshii, Saori R, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yousefi, Bahman, Yu, Boxuan, Yu, Haiyang, Yu, Jun, Yu, Li, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Victor C, Yu, W Haung, Yu, Zhengping, Yu, Zhou, Yuan, Junying, Yuan, Ling-Qing, Yuan, Shilin, Yuan, Shyng-Shiou F, Yuan, Yanggang, Yuan, Zengqiang, Yue, Jianbo, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Jeanho, Yung, Raymond L, Zacks, David N, Zaffagnini, Gabriele, Zambelli, Vanessa O, Zanella, Isabella, Zang, Qun S, Zanivan, Sara, Zappavigna, Silvia, Zaragoza, Pilar, Zarbalis, Konstantinos S, Zarebkohan, Amir, Zarrouk, Amira, Zeitlin, Scott O, Zeng, Jialiu, Zeng, Ju-Deng, Žerovnik, Eva, Zhan, Lixuan, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Donna D, Zhang, Hanlin, Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Honghe, Zhang, Huafeng, Zhang, Huaye, Zhang, Hui, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianbin, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Kalin Y B, Zhang, Leshuai W, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Lisheng, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Luoying, Zhang, Menghuan, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Sheng, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Xiaolei, Zhang, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Xin, Zhang, Xinxin, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yanjin, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Ying-Dong, Zhang, Yingmei, Zhang, Yuan-Yuan, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Zhengguang, Zhang, Zhibing, Zhang, Zhihai, Zhang, Zhiyong, Zhang, Zili, Zhao, Haobin, Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Shuang, Zhao, Tongbiao, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao, Zhao, Yongliang, Zhao, Yuting, Zheng, Guoping, Zheng, Kai, Zheng, Ling, Zheng, Shizhong, Zheng, Xi-Long, Zheng, Yi, Zheng, Zu-Guo, Zhivotovsky, Bori, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Ben, Zhou, Cefan, Zhou, Gang, Zhou, Hao, Zhou, Hong, Zhou, Hongbo, Zhou, Jie, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Jiyong, Zhou, Kailiang, Zhou, Rongjia, Zhou, Xu-Jie, Zhou, Yanshuang, Zhou, Yinghong, Zhou, Yubin, Zhou, Zheng-Yu, Zhou, Zhou, Zhu, Binglin, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Guo-Qing, Zhu, Haining, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Yanping, Zhu, Yushan, Zhuang, Haixia, Zhuang, Xiaohong, Zientara-Rytter, Katarzyna, Zimmermann, Christine M, Ziviani, Elena, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorov, Dmitry B, Zorzano, Antonio, Zou, Weiping, Zou, Zhen, Zou, Zhengzhi, Zuryn, Steven, Zwerschke, Werner, Brand-Saberi, Beate, Dong, X Charlie, Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar, Li, Zuguo, Lin, Yong, Oshima, Shigeru, Rong, Yueguang, Sluimer, Judith C, Stallings, Christina L, Tong, Chun-Kit, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Maladies et hormones du système nerveux (DHNS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of South Carolina Upstate (USC Upstate), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The Francis Crick Institute [London], Royal Free Hospital [London, UK], Physiologie et physiopathologie endocriniennes (PHYSENDO), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes (LBMCE), Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire (BSC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de recherche de l'Ecole de biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions [Montpellier] (LPHI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress (MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), OEil, nutrition et signalisation cellulaire [CSGA], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Bactéries intracellulaires - Biology of Intracellular Bacteria, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie [Paris], Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR E4320 (TIRO-MATOs), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires (LISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métabolisme, Cancer et Immunité (CRC - UMR_S 1138), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Plateforme de métabolomique, Direction de la recherche [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI (Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS), Université de Rennes (UR)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Département d'oncologie médicale [Centre Georges-François Leclerc], Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] (BIO-PEROXIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Institut Pascal (IP), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biologia Celular [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Antoine Lacassagne [Nice] (UNICANCER/CAL), UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), SFR Biosciences, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut d’Etudes Avancées de l’Université de Strasbourg - Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Sanofi [Vitry-sur-Seine], SANOFI Recherche, Micro-environnement tumoral et résistance aux traitements, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Universidade de Aveiro, Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Biochimie membranaire et transport / Membrane Biochemistry and Transport, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM131919], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of South Carolina Upstate (USC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Physiologie et physiopathologie endocriniennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]-Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche de l'Ecole de biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), LPHI - Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions (LPHI), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France. (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut d’Etudes Avancées de l’Université de Strasbourg (USIAS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. Johannes Gutenberg University, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Department of Hepatitis and HIV, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Food Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), RNA and Autophagy Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), CIBERNED and Universidad de La Laguna, ITB, Hospital Universitario De Canarias, UC Davis Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Department of Biochemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria., Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Protein Structure and Function Section, National Institutes of Health, National Eye institute, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Nephrology and Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), Inflammation Research Center, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Cancer Biology, Indian Institute of Technology, The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit [Dundee, UK] (School of Life Sciences), University of Dundee, Department of Pathology [Dallas], University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Department of Biology, Colby College, Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Center for Integrative Biology, and Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Universidad Mayor [Santiago de Chile], Department of Experimental Medical Science, Cell Death, Lysosomes and Artificial Intelligence Group, Lund University [Lund], College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and KUTTAM Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, School of Medicine. Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB-FORTH), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK., Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University [Ajman, UAE], Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, Department of Research, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Departments of Medicine and Oncology and Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering [TU Dresden, Germany] (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Islamic University of Gaza (IUG - IU Gaza), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Cleveland Clinic, University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, 'Dr. Héctor N. Torres' [Buenos Aires] (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI), The Wistar Institute, University of Buenos Aires [Argentina], Universidade do Porto, Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, University of Pavia, University of Camerino, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine = Istituto Telethon di Genetica e Medicina (TIGEM), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Nove de Julho University [Bauru] (UNINOVE ), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of Bologna, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center [Duarte], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Northeastern Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA), Max planck Institute for Biology of Ageing [Cologne], School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University of Helsinki, Inserm U1231 University UBFC Dijon, University of Valencia, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry [Tokyo, Japan], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), UMR 1195 Inserm, Université Paris Sud (Paris 11), Signalisation Hormonale, Physiopathologie Endocrinienne et Métabolique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM131919]. Due to space and other limitations, it is not possible to include all other sources of financial support., Debosch, Brian J, Degregori, Jame, Depamphilis, Melvin L, Hyung-Ryong Kim, Null, Kwak, Seongae, Larusso, Nicholas F, Liang, Yongtian, Lleonart, Matilde E, Macdougald, Ormond A, Macintosh, Gustavo C, Mackeigan, Jeffrey P, Mccarty, Nami, Mcdonald, Christine, Mcgill, Mitchell R, Mckenna, Sharon L, Mclaughlin, Bethann, Mcloughlin, Fionn, Mcniven, Mark A, Mcwilliams, Thomas G, Xu, Jinrong, Klionsky D.J., Abdel-Aziz A.K., Abdelfatah S., Abdellatif M., Abdoli A., Abel S., Abeliovich H., Abildgaard M.H., Abudu Y.P., Acevedo-Arozena A., Adamopoulos I.E., Adeli K., Adolph T.E., Adornetto A., Aflaki E., Agam G., Agarwal A., Aggarwal B.B., Agnello M., Agostinis P., Agrewala J.N., Agrotis A., Aguilar P.V., Ahmad S.T., Ahmed Z.M., Ahumada-Castro U., Aits S., Aizawa S., Akkoc Y., Akoumianaki T., Akpinar H.A., Al-Abd A.M., Al-Akra L., Al-Gharaibeh A., Alaoui-Jamali M.A., Alberti S., Alcocer-Gomez E., Alessandri C., Ali M., Alim Al-Bari M.A., Aliwaini S., Alizadeh J., Almacellas E., Almasan A., Alonso A., Alonso G.D., Altan-Bonnet N., Altieri D.C., Alvarez E.M.C., Alves S., Alves da Costa C., Alzaharna M.M., Amadio M., Amantini C., Amaral C., Ambrosio S., Amer A.O., Ammanathan V., An Z., Andersen S.U., Andrabi S.A., Andrade-Silva M., Andres A.M., Angelini S., Ann D., Anozie U.C., Ansari M.Y., Antas P., Antebi A., Anton Z., Anwar T., Apetoh L., Apostolova N., Araki T., Araki Y., Arasaki K., Araujo W.L., Araya J., Arden C., Arevalo M.-A., Arguelles S., Arias E., Arikkath J., Arimoto H., Ariosa A.R., Armstrong-James D., Arnaune-Pelloquin L., Aroca A., Arroyo D.S., Arsov I., Artero R., Asaro D.M.L., Aschner M., Ashrafizadeh M., Ashur-Fabian O., Atanasov A.G., Au A.K., Auberger P., Auner H.W., Aurelian L., Autelli R., Avagliano L., Avalos Y., Aveic S., Aveleira C.A., Avin-Wittenberg T., Aydin Y., Ayton S., Ayyadevara S., Azzopardi M., Baba M., Backer J.M., Backues S.K., Bae D.-H., Bae O.-N., Bae S.H., Baehrecke E.H., Baek A., Baek S.-H., Baek S.H., Bagetta G., Bagniewska-Zadworna A., Bai H., Bai J., Bai X., Bai Y., Bairagi N., Baksi S., Balbi T., Baldari C.T., Balduini W., Ballabio A., Ballester M., Balazadeh S., Balzan R., Bandopadhyay R., Banerjee S., Banreti A., Bao Y., Baptista M.S., Baracca A., Barbati C., Bargiela A., Barila D., Barlow P.G., Barmada S.J., Barreiro E., Barreto G.E., Bartek J., Bartel B., Bartolome A., Barve G.R., Basagoudanavar S.H., Bassham D.C., Bast R.C., Basu A., Batoko H., Batten I., Baulieu E.E., Baumgarner B.L., Bayry J., Beale R., Beau I., Beaumatin F., Bechara L.R.G., Beck G.R., Beers M.F., Begun J., Behrends C., Behrens G.M.N., Bei R., Bejarano E., Bel S., Behl C., Belaid A., Belgareh-Touze N., Bellarosa C., Belleudi F., Bello Perez M., Bello-Morales R., Beltran J.S.D.O., Beltran S., Benbrook D.M., Bendorius M., Benitez B.A., Benito-Cuesta I., Bensalem J., Berchtold M.W., Berezowska S., Bergamaschi D., Bergami M., Bergmann A., Berliocchi L., Berlioz-Torrent C., Bernard A., Berthoux L., Besirli C.G., Besteiro S., Betin V.M., Beyaert R., Bezbradica J.S., Bhaskar K., Bhatia-Kissova I., Bhattacharya R., Bhattacharya S., Bhattacharyya S., Bhuiyan M.S., Bhutia S.K., Bi L., Bi X., Biden T.J., Bijian K., Billes V.A., Binart N., Bincoletto C., Birgisdottir A.B., Bjorkoy G., Blanco G., Blas-Garcia A., Blasiak J., Blomgran R., Blomgren K., Blum J.S., Boada-Romero E., Boban M., Boesze-Battaglia K., Boeuf P., Boland B., Bomont P., Bonaldo P., Bonam S.R., Bonfili L., Bonifacino J.S., Boone B.A., Bootman M.D., Bordi M., Borner C., Bornhauser B.C., Borthakur G., Bosch J., Bose S., Botana L.M., Botas J., Boulanger C.M., Boulton M.E., Bourdenx M., Bourgeois B., Bourke N.M., Bousquet G., Boya P., Bozhkov P.V., Bozi L.H.M., Bozkurt T.O., Brackney D.E., Brandts C.H., Braun R.J., Braus G.H., Bravo-Sagua R., Bravo-San Pedro J.M., Brest P., Bringer M.-A., Briones-Herrera A., Broaddus V.C., Brodersen P., Brodsky J.L., Brody S.L., Bronson P.G., Bronstein J.M., Brown C.N., Brown R.E., Brum P.C., Brumell J.H., Brunetti-Pierri N., Bruno D., Bryson-Richardson R.J., Bucci C., Buchrieser C., Bueno M., Buitrago-Molina L.E., Buraschi S., Buch S., Buchan J.R., Buckingham E.M., Budak H., Budini M., Bultynck G., Burada F., Burgoyne J.R., Buron M.I., Bustos V., Buttner S., Butturini E., Byrd A., Cabas I., Cabrera-Benitez S., Cadwell K., Cai J., Cai L., Cai Q., Cairo M., Calbet J.A., Caldwell G.A., Caldwell K.A., Call J.A., Calvani R., Calvo A.C., Calvo-Rubio Barrera M., Camara N.O.S., Camonis J.H., Camougrand N., Campanella M., Campbell E.M., Campbell-Valois F.-X., Campello S., Campesi I., Campos J.C., Camuzard O., Cancino J., Candido de Almeida D., Canesi L., Caniggia I., Canonico B., Canti C., Cao B., Caraglia M., Carames B., Carchman E.H., Cardenal-Munoz E., Cardenas C., Cardenas L., Cardoso S.M., Carew J.S., Carle G.F., Carleton G., Carloni S., Carmona-Gutierrez D., Carneiro L.A., Carnevali O., Carosi J.M., Carra S., Carrier A., Carrier L., Carroll B., Carter A.B., Carvalho A.N., Casanova M., Casas C., Casas J., Cassioli C., Castillo E.F., Castillo K., Castillo-Lluva S., Castoldi F., Castori M., Castro A.F., Castro-Caldas M., Castro-Hernandez J., Castro-Obregon S., Catz S.D., Cavadas C., Cavaliere F., Cavallini G., Cavinato M., Cayuela M.L., Cebollada Rica P., Cecarini V., Cecconi F., Cechowska-Pasko M., Cenci S., Ceperuelo-Mallafre V., Cerqueira J.J., Cerutti J.M., Cervia D., Cetintas V.B., Cetrullo S., Chae H.-J., Chagin A.S., Chai C.-Y., Chakrabarti G., Chakrabarti O., Chakraborty T., Chami M., Chamilos G., Chan D.W., Chan E.Y.W., Chan E.D., Chan H.Y.E., Chan H.H., Chan H., Chan M.T.V., Chan Y.S., Chandra P.K., Chang C.-P., Chang C., Chang H.-C., Chang K., Chao J., Chapman T., Charlet-Berguerand N., Chatterjee S., Chaube S.K., Chaudhary A., Chauhan S., Chaum E., Checler F., Cheetham M.E., Chen C.-S., Chen G.-C., Chen J.-F., Chen L.L., Chen L., Chen M., Chen M.-K., Chen N., Chen Q., Chen R.-H., 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T., Renga G., Reue K., Rewitz K., Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos B., Riazuddin S.A., Ribeiro-Rodrigues T.M., Ricci J.-E., Ricci R., Riccio V., Richardson D.R., Rikihisa Y., Risbud M.V., Risueno R.M., Ritis K., Rizza S., Rizzuto R., Roberts H.C., Roberts L.D., Robinson K.J., Roccheri M.C., Rocchi S., Rodney G.G., Rodrigues T., Rodrigues Silva V.R., Rodriguez A., Rodriguez-Barrueco R., Rodriguez-Henche N., Rodriguez-Rocha H., Roelofs J., Rogers R.S., Rogov V.V., Rojo A.I., Rolka K., Romanello V., Romani L., Romano A., Romano P.S., Romeo-Guitart D., Romero L.C., Romero M., Roney J.C., Rongo C., Roperto S., Rosenfeldt M.T., Rosenstiel P., Rosenwald A.G., Roth K.A., Roth L., Roth S., Rouschop K.M.A., Roussel B.D., Roux S., Rovere-Querini P., Roy A., Rozieres A., Ruano D., Rubinsztein D.C., Rubtsova M.P., Ruckdeschel K., Ruckenstuhl C., Rudolf E., Rudolf R., Ruggieri A., Ruparelia A.A., Rusmini P., Russell R.R., Russo G.L., Russo M., Russo R., Ryabaya O.O., Ryan K.M., Ryu K.-Y., Sabater-Arcis M., Sachdev U., Sacher M., Sachse C., Sadhu A., Sadoshima J., Safren N., Saftig P., Sagona A.P., Sahay G., Sahebkar A., Sahin M., Sahin O., Sahni S., Saito N., Saito S., Saito T., Sakai R., Sakai Y., Sakamaki J.-I., Saksela K., Salazar G., Salazar-Degracia A., Salekdeh G.H., Saluja A.K., Sampaio-Marques B., Sanchez M.C., Sanchez-Alcazar J.A., Sanchez-Vera V., Sancho-Shimizu V., Sanderson J.T., Sandri M., Santaguida S., Santambrogio L., Santana M.M., Santoni G., Sanz A., Sanz P., Saran S., Sardiello M., Sargeant T.J., Sarin A., Sarkar C., Sarkar S., Sarrias M.-R., Sarmah D.T., Sarparanta J., Sathyanarayan A., Sathyanarayanan R., Scaglione K.M., Scatozza F., Schaefer L., Schafer Z.T., Schaible U.E., Schapira A.H.V., Scharl M., Schatzl H.M., Schein C.H., Scheper W., Scheuring D., Schiaffino M.V., Schiappacassi M., Schindl R., Schlattner U., Schmidt O., Schmitt R., Schmidt S.D., Schmitz I., Schmukler E., Schneider A., Schneider B.E., Schober R., Schoijet A.C., Schott M.B., Schramm M., Schroder 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E., Silvente-Poirot S., Simmonds R.E., Simon A.K., Simon H.-U., Simons M., Singh A., Singh L.P., Singh R., Singh S.V., Singh S.K., Singh S.B., Singh S., Singh S.P., Sinha D., Sinha R.A., Sinha S., Sirko A., Sirohi K., Sivridis E.L., Skendros P., Skirycz A., Slaninova I., Smaili S.S., Smertenko A., Smith M.D., Soenen S.J., Sohn E.J., Sok S.P.M., Solaini G., Soldati T., Soleimanpour S.A., Soler R.M., Solovchenko A., Somarelli J.A., Sonawane A., Song F., Song H.K., Song J.-X., Song K., Song Z., Soria L.R., Sorice M., Soukas A.A., Soukup S.-F., Sousa D., Sousa N., Spagnuolo P.A., Spector S.A., Srinivas Bharath M.M., St. Clair D., Stagni V., Staiano L., Stalnecker C.A., Stankov M.V., Stathopulos P.B., Stefan K., Stefan S.M., Stefanis L., Steffan J.S., Steinkasserer A., Stenmark H., Sterneckert J., Stevens C., Stoka V., Storch S., Stork B., Strappazzon F., Strohecker A.M., Stupack D.G., Su H., Su L.-Y., Su L., Suarez-Fontes A.M., Subauste C.S., Subbian S., Subirada P.V., Sudhandiran G., Sue C.M., Sui X., Summers C., Sun G., Sun J., Sun K., Sun M.-X., Sun Q., Sun Y., Sun Z., Sunahara K.K.S., Sundberg E., Susztak K., Sutovsky P., Suzuki H., Sweeney G., Symons J.D., Sze S.C.W., Szewczyk N.J., Tabecka-Lonczynska A., Tabolacci C., Tacke F., Taegtmeyer H., Tafani M., Tagaya M., Tai H., Tait S.W.G., Takahashi Y., Takats S., Talwar P., Tam C., Tam S.Y., Tampellini D., Tamura A., Tan C.T., Tan E.-K., Tan Y.-Q., Tanaka M., Tang D., Tang J., Tang T.-S., Tanida I., Tao Z., Taouis M., Tatenhorst L., Tavernarakis N., Taylor A., Taylor G.A., Taylor J.M., Tchetina E., Tee A.R., Tegeder I., Teis D., Teixeira N., Teixeira-Clerc F., Tekirdag K.A., Tencomnao T., Tenreiro S., Tepikin A.V., Testillano P.S., Tettamanti G., Tharaux P.-L., Thedieck K., Thekkinghat A.A., Thellung S., Thinwa J.W., Thirumalaikumar V.P., Thomas S.M., Thomes P.G., Thorburn A., Thukral L., Thum T., Thumm M., Tian L., Tichy A., Till A., Timmerman V., Titorenko V.I., Todi S.V., Todorova K., Toivonen J.M., Tomaipitinca L., Tomar D., Tomas-Zapico C., Tomic S., Tong B.C.-K., Tong C., Tong X., Tooze S.A., Torgersen M.L., Torii S., Torres-Lopez L., Torriglia A., Towers C.G., Towns R., Toyokuni S., Trajkovic V., Tramontano D., Tran Q.-G., Travassos L.H., Trelford C.B., Tremel S., Trougakos I.P., Tsao B.P., Tschan M.P., Tse H.-F., Tse T.F., Tsugawa H., Tsvetkov A.S., Tumbarello D.A., Tumtas Y., Tunon M.J., Turcotte S., Turk B., Turk V., Turner B.J., Tuxworth R.I., Tyler J.K., Tyutereva E.V., Uchiyama Y., Ugun-Klusek A., Uhlig H.H., Ulamek-Koziol M., Ulasov I.V., Umekawa M., Ungermann C., Unno R., Urbe S., Uribe-Carretero E., Ustun S., Uversky V.N., Vaccari T., Vaccaro M.I., Vahsen B.F., Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H., Valdor R., Valente M.J., Valko A., Vallee R.B., Valverde A.M., Van den Berghe G., van der Veen S., Van Kaer L., van Loosdregt J., van Wijk S.J.L., Vandenberghe W., Vanhorebeek I., Vannier-Santos M.A., Vannini N., Vanrell M.C., Vantaggiato C., Varano G., Varela-Nieto I., Varga M., Vasconcelos M.H., Vats S., Vavvas D.G., Vega-Naredo I., Vega-Rubin-de-Celis S., Velasco G., Velazquez A.P., Vellai T., Vellenga E., Velotti F., Verdier M., Verginis P., Vergne I., Verkade P., Verma M., Verstreken P., Vervliet T., Vervoorts J., Vessoni A.T., Victor V.M., Vidal M., Vidoni C., Vieira O.V., Vierstra R.D., Vigano S., Vihinen H., Vijayan V., Vila M., Vilar M., Villalba J.M., Villalobo A., Villarejo-Zori B., Villarroya F., Villarroya J., Vincent O., Vindis C., Viret C., Viscomi M.T., Visnjic D., Vitale I., Vocadlo D.J., Voitsekhovskaja O.V., Volonte C., Volta M., Vomero M., Von Haefen C., Vooijs M.A., Voos W., Vucicevic L., Wade-Martins R., Waguri S., Waite K.A., Wakatsuki S., Walker D.W., Walker M.J., Walker S.A., Walter J., Wandosell F.G., Wang B., Wang C.-Y., Wang C., Wang D., Wang F., Wang G., Wang H., Wang H.-G., Wang J., Wang K., Wang L., Wang M.H., Wang M., Wang N., Wang P., Wang Q.J., Wang Q., Wang Q.K., Wang Q.A., Wang W.-T., Wang W., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Y.-Y., Wang Z., Warnes G., Warnsmann V., Watada H., Watanabe E., Watchon M., Wawrzynska A., Weaver T.E., Wegrzyn G., Wehman A.M., Wei H., Wei L., Wei T., Wei Y., Weiergraber O.H., Weihl C.C., Weindl G., Weiskirchen R., Wells A., Wen R.H., Wen X., Werner A., Weykopf B., Wheatley S.P., Whitton J.L., Whitworth A.J., Wiktorska K., Wildenberg M.E., Wileman T., Wilkinson S., Willbold D., Williams B., Williams R.S.B., Williams R.L., Williamson P.R., Wilson R.A., Winner B., Winsor N.J., Witkin S.S., Wodrich H., Woehlbier U., Wollert T., Wong E., Wong J.H., Wong R.W., Wong V.K.W., Wong W.W.-L., Wu A.-G., Wu C., Wu J., Wu K.K., Wu M., Wu S.-Y., Wu S., Wu W.K.K., Wu X., Wu Y.-W., Wu Y., Xavier R.J., Xia H., Xia L., Xia Z., Xiang G., Xiang J., Xiang M., Xiang W., Xiao B., Xiao G., Xiao H., Xiao H.-T., Xiao J., Xiao L., Xiao S., Xiao Y., Xie B., Xie C.-M., Xie M., Xie Y., Xie Z., Xilouri M., Xu C., Xu E., Xu H., Xu J., Xu L., Xu W.W., Xu X., Xue Y., Yakhine-Diop S.M.S., Yamaguchi M., Yamaguchi O., Yamamoto A., Yamashina S., Yan S., Yan S.-J., Yan Z., Yanagi Y., Yang C., Yang D.-S., Yang H., Yang H.-T., Yang J.-M., Yang J., Yang L., Yang M., Yang P.-M., Yang Q., Yang S., Yang S.-F., Yang W., Yang W.Y., Yang X., Yang Y., Yao H., Yao S., Yao X., Yao Y.-G., Yao Y.-M., Yasui T., Yazdankhah M., Yen P.M., Yi C., Yin X.-M., Yin Y., Yin Z., Ying M., Ying Z., Yip C.K., Yiu S.P.T., Yoo Y.H., Yoshida K., Yoshii S.R., Yoshimori T., Yousefi B., Yu B., Yu H., Yu J., Yu L., Yu M.-L., Yu S.-W., Yu V.C., Yu W.H., Yu Z., Yuan J., Yuan L.-Q., Yuan S., Yuan S.-S.F., Yuan Y., Yuan Z., Yue J., Yue Z., Yun J., Yung R.L., Zacks D.N., Zaffagnini G., Zambelli V.O., Zanella I., Zang Q.S., Zanivan S., Zappavigna S., Zaragoza P., Zarbalis K.S., Zarebkohan A., Zarrouk A., Zeitlin S.O., Zeng J., Zeng J.-D., Zerovnik E., Zhan L., Zhang B., Zhang D.D., Zhang H., Zhang H.-L., Zhang J., Zhang J.-P., Zhang K.Y.B., Zhang L.W., Zhang L., Zhang M., Zhang P., Zhang S., Zhang W., Zhang X., Zhang X.-W., Zhang X.D., Zhang Y., Zhang Y.-D., Zhang Y.-Y., Zhang Z., Zhao H., Zhao L., Zhao S., Zhao T., Zhao X.-F., Zhao Y., Zheng G., Zheng K., Zheng L., Zheng S., Zheng X.-L., Zheng Y., Zheng Z.-G., Zhivotovsky B., Zhong Q., Zhou A., Zhou B., Zhou C., Zhou G., Zhou H., Zhou J., Zhou K., Zhou R., Zhou X.-J., Zhou Y., Zhou Z.-Y., Zhou Z., Zhu B., Zhu C., Zhu G.-Q., Zhu H., Zhu W.-G., Zhu Y., Zhuang H., Zhuang X., Zientara-Rytter K., Zimmermann C.M., Ziviani E., Zoladek T., Zong W.-X., Zorov D.B., Zorzano A., Zou W., Zou Z., Zuryn S., Zwerschke W., Brand-Saberi B., Dong X.C., Kenchappa C.S., Lin Y., Oshima S., Rong Y., Sluimer J.C., Stallings C.L., Tong C.-K., COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Klionsky, D. 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Petrache, I, Petrovski, G, Pfirrmann, T, Pfister, A, Philips, J, Pi, H, Picca, A, Pickrell, A, Picot, S, Pierantoni, G, Pierdominici, M, Pierre, P, Pierrefite-Carle, V, Pierzynowska, K, Pietrocola, F, Pietruczuk, M, Pignata, C, Pimentel-Muiños, F, Pinar, M, Pinheiro, R, Pinkas-Kramarski, R, Pinton, P, Pircs, K, Piya, S, Pizzo, P, Plantinga, T, Platta, H, Plaza-Zabala, A, Plomann, M, Plotnikov, E, Plun-Favreau, H, Pluta, R, Pocock, R, Pöggeler, S, Pohl, C, Poirot, M, Poletti, A, Ponpuak, M, Popelka, H, Popova, B, Porta, H, Porte Alcon, S, Portilla-Fernandez, E, Post, M, Potts, M, Poulton, J, Powers, T, Prahlad, V, Prajsnar, T, Praticò, D, Prencipe, R, Priault, M, Proikas-Cezanne, T, Promponas, V, Proud, C, Puertollano, R, Puglielli, L, Pulinilkunnil, T, Puri, D, Puri, R, Puyal, J, Qi, X, Qi, Y, Qian, W, Qiang, L, Qiu, Y, Quadrilatero, J, Quarleri, J, Raben, N, Rabinowich, H, Ragona, D, Ragusa, M, Rahimi, N, Rahmati, M, Raia, V, Raimundo, N, Rajasekaran, N, Ramachandra Rao, S, Rami, A, 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Rovere-Querini, P, Roy, A, Rozieres, A, Ruano, D, Rubinsztein, D, Rubtsova, M, Ruckdeschel, K, Ruckenstuhl, C, Rudolf, E, Rudolf, R, Ruggieri, A, Ruparelia, A, Rusmini, P, Russell, R, Russo, G, Russo, M, Russo, R, Ryabaya, O, Ryan, K, Ryu, K, Sabater-Arcis, M, Sachdev, U, Sacher, M, Sachse, C, Sadhu, A, Sadoshima, J, Safren, N, Saftig, P, Sagona, A, Sahay, G, Sahebkar, A, Sahin, M, Sahin, O, Sahni, S, Saito, N, Saito, S, Saito, T, Sakai, R, Sakai, Y, Sakamaki, J, Saksela, K, Salazar, G, Salazar-Degracia, A, Salekdeh, G, Saluja, A, Sampaio-Marques, B, Sanchez, M, Sanchez-Alcazar, J, Sanchez-Vera, V, Sancho-Shimizu, V, Sanderson, J, Sandri, M, Santaguida, S, Santambrogio, L, Santana, M, Santoni, G, Sanz, A, Sanz, P, Saran, S, Sardiello, M, Sargeant, T, Sarin, A, Sarkar, C, Sarkar, S, Sarrias, M, Sarmah, D, Sarparanta, J, Sathyanarayan, A, Sathyanarayanan, R, Scaglione, K, Scatozza, F, Schaefer, L, Schafer, Z, Schaible, U, Schapira, A, Scharl, M, Schatzl, H, Schein, C, Scheper, W, Scheuring, D, Schiaffino, M, Schiappacassi, M, Schindl, R, Schlattner, U, Schmidt, O, Schmitt, R, Schmidt, S, Schmitz, I, Schmukler, E, Schneider, A, Schneider, B, Schober, R, Schoijet, A, Schott, M, Schramm, M, Schröder, B, Schuh, K, Schüller, C, Schulze, R, Schürmanns, L, Schwamborn, J, Schwarten, M, Scialo, F, Sciarretta, S, Scott, M, Scotto, K, Scovassi, A, Scrima, A, Scrivo, A, Sebastian, D, Sebti, S, Sedej, S, Segatori, L, Segev, N, Seglen, P, Seiliez, I, Seki, E, Selleck, S, Sellke, F, Selsby, J, Sendtner, M, Senturk, S, Seranova, E, Sergi, C, Serra-Moreno, R, Sesaki, H, Settembre, C, Setty, S, Sgarbi, G, Sha, O, Shacka, J, Shah, J, Shang, D, Shao, C, Shao, F, Sharbati, S, Sharkey, L, Sharma, D, Sharma, G, Sharma, K, Sharma, P, Sharma, S, Shen, H, Shen, J, Shen, M, Shen, W, Shen, Z, Sheng, R, Sheng, Z, Shi, J, Shi, X, Shi, Y, Shiba-Fukushima, K, Shieh, J, Shimada, Y, Shimizu, S, Shimozawa, M, Shintani, T, Shoemaker, C, Shojaei, S, Shoji, I, Shravage, B, Shridhar, V, Shu, C, Shu, H, Shui, K, Shukla, A, Shutt, T, Sica, V, Siddiqui, A, Sierra, A, Sierra-Torre, V, Signorelli, S, Sil, P, Silva, B, Silva, J, Silva-Pavez, E, Silvente-Poirot, S, Simmonds, R, Simon, A, Simon, H, Simons, M, Singh, A, Singh, L, Singh, R, Singh, S, Sinha, D, Sinha, R, Sinha, S, Sirko, A, Sirohi, K, Sivridis, E, Skendros, P, Skirycz, A, Slaninová, I, Smaili, S, Smertenko, A, Smith, M, Soenen, S, Sohn, E, Sok, S, Solaini, G, Soldati, T, Soleimanpour, S, Soler, R, Solovchenko, A, Somarelli, J, Sonawane, A, Song, F, Song, H, Song, J, Song, K, Song, Z, Soria, L, Sorice, M, Soukas, A, Soukup, S, Sousa, D, Sousa, N, Spagnuolo, P, Spector, S, Srinivas Bharath, M, St Clair, D, Stagni, V, Staiano, L, Stalnecker, C, Stankov, M, Stathopulos, P, Stefan, K, Stefan, S, Stefanis, L, Steffan, J, Steinkasserer, A, Stenmark, H, Sterneckert, J, Stevens, C, Stoka, V, Storch, S, Stork, B, Strappazzon, F, Strohecker, A, Stupack, D, Su, H, Su, L, Suarez-Fontes, A, Subauste, C, Subbian, S, Subirada, P, Sudhandiran, G, Sue, C, Sui, X, Summers, C, Sun, G, Sun, J, Sun, K, Sun, M, Sun, Q, Sun, Y, Sun, Z, Sunahara, K, Sundberg, E, Susztak, K, Sutovsky, P, Suzuki, H, Sweeney, G, Symons, J, Sze, S, Szewczyk, N, Tabęcka-Łonczynska, A, Tabolacci, C, Tacke, F, Taegtmeyer, H, Tafani, M, Tagaya, M, Tai, H, Tait, S, Takahashi, Y, Takats, S, Talwar, P, Tam, C, Tam, S, Tampellini, D, Tamura, A, Tan, C, Tan, E, Tan, Y, Tanaka, M, Tang, D, Tang, J, Tang, T, Tanida, I, Tao, Z, Taouis, M, Tatenhorst, L, Tavernarakis, N, Taylor, A, Taylor, G, Taylor, J, Tchetina, E, Tee, A, Tegeder, I, Teis, D, Teixeira, N, Teixeira-Clerc, F, Tekirdag, K, Tencomnao, T, Tenreiro, S, Tepikin, A, Testillano, P, Tettamanti, G, Tharaux, P, Thedieck, K, Thekkinghat, A, Thellung, S, Thinwa, J, Thirumalaikumar, V, Thomas, S, Thomes, P, Thorburn, A, Thukral, L, Thum, T, Thumm, M, Tian, L, Tichy, A, Till, A, Timmerman, V, Titorenko, V, Todi, S, Todorova, K, Toivonen, J, Tomaipitinca, L, Tomar, D, Tomas-Zapico, C, Tomić, S, Tong, B, Tong, C, Tong, X, Tooze, S, Torgersen, M, Torii, S, Torres-López, L, Torriglia, A, Towers, C, Towns, R, Toyokuni, S, Trajkovic, V, Tramontano, D, Tran, Q, Travassos, L, Trelford, C, Tremel, S, Trougakos, I, Tsao, B, Tschan, M, Tse, H, Tse, T, Tsugawa, H, Tsvetkov, A, Tumbarello, D, Tumtas, Y, Tuñón, M, Turcotte, S, Turk, B, Turk, V, Turner, B, Tuxworth, R, Tyler, J, Tyutereva, E, Uchiyama, Y, Ugun-Klusek, A, Uhlig, H, Ułamek-Kozioł, M, Ulasov, I, Umekawa, M, Ungermann, C, Unno, R, Urbe, S, Uribe-Carretero, E, Üstün, S, Uversky, V, Vaccari, T, Vaccaro, M, Vahsen, B, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H, Valdor, R, Valente, M, Valko, A, Vallee, R, Valverde, A, Van den Berghe, G, van der Veen, S, Van Kaer, L, van Loosdregt, J, van Wijk, S, Vandenberghe, W, Vanhorebeek, I, Vannier-Santos, M, Vannini, N, Vanrell, M, Vantaggiato, C, Varano, G, Varela-Nieto, I, Varga, M, Vasconcelos, M, Vats, S, Vavvas, D, Vega-Naredo, I, Vega-Rubin-de-Celis, S, Velasco, G, Velázquez, A, Vellai, T, Vellenga, E, Velotti, F, Verdier, M, Verginis, P, Vergne, I, Verkade, P, Verma, M, Verstreken, P, Vervliet, T, Vervoorts, J, Vessoni, A, Victor, V, Vidal, M, Vidoni, C, Vieira, O, Vierstra, R, Viganó, S, Vihinen, H, Vijayan, V, Vila, M, Vilar, M, Villalba, J, Villalobo, A, Villarejo-Zori, B, Villarroya, F, Villarroya, J, Vincent, O, Vindis, C, Viret, C, Viscomi, M, Visnjic, D, Vitale, I, Vocadlo, D, Voitsekhovskaja, O, Volonté, C, Volta, M, Vomero, M, Von Haefen, C, Vooijs, M, Voos, W, Vucicevic, L, Wade-Martins, R, Waguri, S, Waite, K, Wakatsuki, S, Walker, D, Walker, M, Walker, S, Walter, J, Wandosell, F, Wang, B, Wang, C, Wang, D, Wang, F, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wang, K, Wang, L, Wang, M, Wang, N, Wang, P, Wang, Q, Wang, W, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Warnes, G, Warnsmann, V, Watada, H, Watanabe, E, Watchon, M, Wawrzyńska, A, Weaver, T, Wegrzyn, G, Wehman, A, Wei, H, Wei, L, Wei, T, Wei, Y, Weiergräber, O, Weihl, C, Weindl, G, Weiskirchen, R, Wells, A, Wen, R, Wen, X, Werner, A, Weykopf, B, Wheatley, S, Whitton, J, Whitworth, A, Wiktorska, K, Wildenberg, M, Wileman, T, Wilkinson, S, Willbold, D, Williams, B, Williams, R, Williamson, P, Wilson, R, Winner, B, Winsor, N, Witkin, S, Wodrich, H, Woehlbier, U, Wollert, T, Wong, E, Wong, J, Wong, R, Wong, V, Wong, W, Wu, A, Wu, C, Wu, J, Wu, K, Wu, M, Wu, S, Wu, W, Wu, X, Wu, Y, Xavier, R, Xia, H, Xia, L, Xia, Z, Xiang, G, Xiang, J, Xiang, M, Xiang, W, Xiao, B, Xiao, G, Xiao, H, Xiao, J, Xiao, L, Xiao, S, Xiao, Y, Xie, B, Xie, C, Xie, M, Xie, Y, Xie, Z, Xilouri, M, Xu, C, Xu, E, Xu, H, Xu, J, Xu, L, Xu, W, Xu, X, Xue, Y, Yakhine-Diop, S, Yamaguchi, M, Yamaguchi, O, Yamamoto, A, Yamashina, S, Yan, S, Yan, Z, Yanagi, Y, Yang, C, Yang, D, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, L, Yang, M, Yang, P, Yang, Q, Yang, S, Yang, W, Yang, X, Yang, Y, Yao, H, Yao, S, Yao, X, Yao, Y, Yasui, T, Yazdankhah, M, Yen, P, Yi, C, Yin, X, Yin, Y, Yin, Z, Ying, M, Ying, Z, Yip, C, Yiu, S, Yoo, Y, Yoshida, K, Yoshii, S, Yoshimori, T, Yousefi, B, Yu, B, Yu, H, Yu, J, Yu, L, Yu, M, Yu, S, Yu, V, Yu, W, Yu, Z, Yuan, J, Yuan, L, Yuan, S, Yuan, Y, Yuan, Z, Yue, J, Yue, Z, Yun, J, Yung, R, Zacks, D, Zaffagnini, G, Zambelli, V, Zanella, I, Zang, Q, Zanivan, S, Zappavigna, S, Zaragoza, P, Zarbalis, K, Zarebkohan, A, Zarrouk, A, Zeitlin, S, Zeng, J, Žerovnik, E, Zhan, L, Zhang, B, Zhang, D, Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, K, Zhang, L, Zhang, M, Zhang, P, Zhang, S, Zhang, W, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, H, Zhao, L, Zhao, S, Zhao, T, Zhao, X, Zhao, Y, Zheng, G, Zheng, K, Zheng, L, Zheng, S, Zheng, X, Zheng, Y, Zheng, Z, Zhivotovsky, B, Zhong, Q, Zhou, A, Zhou, B, Zhou, C, Zhou, G, Zhou, H, Zhou, J, Zhou, K, Zhou, R, Zhou, X, Zhou, Y, Zhou, Z, Zhu, B, Zhu, C, Zhu, G, Zhu, H, Zhu, W, Zhu, Y, Zhuang, H, Zhuang, X, Zientara-Rytter, K, Zimmermann, C, Ziviani, E, Zoladek, T, Zong, W, Zorov, D, Zorzano, A, Zou, W, Zou, Z, Zuryn, S, Zwerschke, W, Brand-Saberi, B, Kenchappa, C, Oshima, S, Rong, Y, Sluimer, J, and Stallings, C
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macroautophagy ,autophagy ,Autophagosome ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,cance ,LC3, macroautophagy ,autophagosome ,neurodegeneration ,[SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,Autophagy, Autophagosome ,NO ,stress vacuole ,stress ,autophagic processes ,stre ,rflux ,LC3 ,cancer ,guidelines ,flux ,lysosome ,phagophore ,vacuole ,Settore BIO/06 - Anatomia Comparata E Citologia ,[SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Medaka oryzias latipes ,QH ,Autophagosome, cancer, flux, LC3, lysosome, macroautophagy, neurodegeneration, phagophore, stress vacuole ,Settore BIO/17 - ISTOLOGIA ,RC - Abstract
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280 ispartof: Autophagy vol:17 issue:1 pages:1-382 ispartof: location:United States status: published
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- 2021
28. Investors’ appetite for money-like assets: The MMF industry after the 2014 regulatory reform
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Gabriele La Spada and Marco Cipriani
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040101 forestry ,Economics and Econometrics ,Government ,050208 finance ,Strategy and Management ,05 social sciences ,Monetary theory ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Monetary economics ,Regulatory reform ,Commission ,Prime (order theory) ,Information sensitivity ,Basis point ,Accounting ,0502 economics and business ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Business ,Money market fund ,Finance - Abstract
This paper uses a quasi-natural experiment to estimate the premium for money-likeness. The 2014 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reform of the money market fund (MMF) industry reduced the money-likeness of prime MMFs by increasing their information sensitivity, while leaving government MMFs unaffected. Investors fled from prime to government MMFs, with total outflows exceeding one trillion dollars. Using a difference-in-differences design, we estimate the premium for money-likeness to be between 20 and 30 basis points (bps). These premiums are not due to changes in investors’ risk tolerance or funds’ risk taking. Our results support recent developments in monetary theory identifying information insensitivity as a key feature of money.
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- 2021
29. Deep Learning Techniques and COVID-19 Drug Discovery: Fundamentals, State-of-the-Art and Future Directions
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Jamshidi, Mohammad Behdad, Lalbakhsh, Ali, Talla, Jakub, Peroutka, Zdeněk, Roshani, Sobhan, Matousek, Vaclav, Roshani, Saeed, Mirmozafari, Mirhamed, Malek, Zahra, La Spada, Luigi, Sabet, Asal, Dehghani, Mojgan, Jamshidi, Morteza, Honari, Mohammad Mahdi, Hadjilooei, Farimah, Jamshidi, Alireza, Lalbakhsh, Pedram, Hashemi-Dezaki, Hamed, Ahmadi, Sahar, and Lotfi, Saeedeh
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Artificial neural network ,Artificial intelligence ,Bioinformatics ,Drug discovery ,COVID-19 ,Deep learning ,Article - Abstract
The world is in a frustrating situation, which is exacerbating due to the time-consuming process of the COVID-19 vaccine design and production. This chapter provides a comprehensive investigation of fundamentals, state-of-the-art and some perspectives to speed up the process of the design, optimization and production of the medicine for COVID-19 based on Deep Learning (DL) methods. The proposed platforms are able to be used as predictors to forecast antigens during the infection disregarding their abundance and immunogenicity with no requirement of growing the pathogen in vitro. First, we briefly survey the latest achievements and fundamentals of some DL methodologies, including Deep Boltzmann Machines (DBM), Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), Deep Belief Network (DBN), Hopfield network and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM). These techniques help us to reach an integrated approach for drug development by non-conventional antigens. We then propose several DL-based platforms to utilize for future applications regarding the latest publications and medical reports. Considering the evolving date on COVID-19 and its ever-changing nature, we believe this survey can give readers some useful ideas and directions to understand the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to accelerate the vaccine design not only for COVID-19 but also for many different diseases or viruses.
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- 2021
30. Skeletal Muscle Proteostasis Promotes Central Nervous System Rejuvenation and Reduces Neuroinflammation during Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease
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Ian Matthews, Allison Birnbaum, Anastasia Gromova, Kristen Coutinho, Megan McGraw, Dalton Patterson, Macy T. Banks, Amber Nobles, Nhat Nguyen, Helen C. Miranda, Albert R. La Spada, and Constanza J. Cortes
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Skeletal muscle has recently arisen as a novel regulator of Central Nervous System (CNS) function and aging, secreting bioactive molecules known as myokines with proteostasis and metabolism-modifying functions in targeted tissues, including the CNS. Here we report the generation of a novel transgenic mouse with enhanced skeletal muscle proteostasis via moderate overexpression of master regulator of proteostasis and lysosomal function Transcription Factor E-B. We have discovered that the resulting enhanced muscle proteostasis function significantly ameliorates proteotoxicity, reduces neuroinflammation and promotes transcriptional remodeling of the aging CNS, preserving cognition and memory in aging mice. Enhancing skeletal muscle proteostasis also reduces neuroinflammation and accumulation of tau-associated pathological hallmarks in a mouse model of tau pathology. Our results implicate maintenance of skeletal muscle proteostasis throughout aging to direct regulations of the aging CNS metabolism and function, and suggest that skeletal-muscle originating factors may act as novel therapeutic targets against age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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- 2022
31. DNA Metabarcoding and Isolation by Baiting Complement Each Other in Revealing Phytophthora Diversity in Anthropized and Natural Ecosystems
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Federico La Spada, Peter J. A. Cock, Eva Randall, Antonella Pane, David E. L. Cooke, and Santa Olga Cacciola
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new species ,Microbiology (medical) ,leaf baiting ,DNA sequencing ,eDNA ,metabarcoding ,Illumina ,ASVs ,rhizosphere soil ,detection ,nature reserve ,botanical garden ,citrus orchards ,Plant Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Isolation techniques supplemented by sequencing of DNA from axenic cultures have provided a robust methodology for the study of Phytophthora communities in agricultural and natural ecosystems. Recently, metabarcoding approaches have emerged as new paradigms for the detection of Phytophthora species in environmental samples. In this study, Illumina DNA metabarcoding and a conventional leaf baiting isolation technique were compared to unravel the variability of Phytophthora communities in different environments. Overall, 39 rhizosphere soil samples from a natural, a semi-natural and a horticultural small-scale ecosystem, respectively, were processed by both baiting and metabarcoding. Using both detection techniques, 28 out of 39 samples tested positive for Phytophthora. Overall, 1,406,613 Phytophthora internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences and 155 Phytophthora isolates were obtained, which grouped into 21 taxa, five retrieved exclusively by baiting (P. bilorbang; P. cryptogea; P. gonapodyides; P. parvispora and P. pseudocryptogea), 12 exclusively by metabarcoding (P. asparagi; P. occultans; P. psycrophila; P. syringae; P. aleatoria/P. cactorum; P. castanetorum/P. quercina; P. iranica-like; P. unknown sp. 1; P. unknown sp. 2; P. unknown sp. 3; P. unknown sp. 4; P. unknown sp. 5) and four with both techniques (P. citrophthora, P. multivora, P. nicotianae and P. plurivora). Both techniques complemented each other in describing the variability of Phytophthora communities from natural and managed ecosystems and revealing the presence of rare or undescribed Phytophthora taxa.
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- 2022
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32. Skeletal Muscle Proteostasis Promotes Central Nervous System Function and Reduces Neuroinflammation during Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease
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Ian Matthews, Allison Birnbaum, Anastasia Gromova, Kristen Coutinho, Megan McGraw, Dalton C. Patterson, Macy T. Banks, Amber Nobles, Nhat Nguyen, Helen C. Miranda, Albert R. La Spada, and Constanza J. Cortes
- Abstract
Skeletal muscle has recently arisen as a novel regulator of Central Nervous System (CNS) function and aging, secreting bioactive molecules known as myokines with proteostasis and metabolism-modifying functions in targeted tissues, including the CNS. Here we report the generation of a novel transgenic mouse with enhanced skeletal muscle proteostasis via targeted overexpression of Transcription Factor E-B, a master regulator of proteostasis and lysosomal function. We have discovered that the resulting enhanced muscle proteostasis function significantly ameliorates proteotoxicity, reduces neuroinflammation and promotes transcriptional remodeling of the aging CNS, preserving cognition and memory in aging mice. Enhancing skeletal muscle proteostasis also reduces neuroinflammation and accumulation of tau-associated pathological hallmarks in a mouse model of tau pathology. Our results implicate the maintenance of skeletal muscle proteostasis throughout aging to direct regulation of the CNS metabolism and function, and suggest that skeletal-muscle originating factors may act as novel therapeutic targets against age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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- 2022
33. DNA Metabarcoding and Isolation by Baiting Complement Each Other in Revealing
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Federico, La Spada, Peter J A, Cock, Eva, Randall, Antonella, Pane, David E L, Cooke, and Santa Olga, Cacciola
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Isolation techniques supplemented by sequencing of DNA from axenic cultures have provided a robust methodology for the study of
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- 2022
34. Wintertime Simulations Induce Changes in the Structure, Diversity and Function of Antarctic Sea Ice-Associated Microbial Communities
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Violetta La Cono, Francesco Smedile, Francesca Crisafi, Laura Marturano, Stepan V. Toshchakov, Gina La Spada, Ninh Khắc Bản, and Michail M. Yakimov
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Microbiology (medical) ,Virology ,Antarctica ,sea-ice brine ,microbial community ,SIMCO ,sulfate-reducing bacteria ,sulfur-oxidizing bacteria ,SSU gene amplicon sequencing ,Microbiology - Abstract
Antarctic sea-ice is exposed to a wide range of environmental conditions during its annual existence; however, there is very little information describing the change in sea-ice-associated microbial communities (SIMCOs) during the changing seasons. It is well known that during the solar seasons, SIMCOs play an important role in the polar carbon-cycle, by increasing the total photosynthetic primary production of the South Ocean and participating in the remineralization of phosphates and nitrogen. What remains poorly understood is the dynamic of SIMCO populations and their ecological contribution to carbon and nutrient cycling throughout the entire annual life of Antarctic sea-ice, especially in winter. Sea ice at this time of the year is an extreme environment, characterized by complete darkness (which stops photosynthesis), extremely low temperatures in its upper horizons (down to −45 °C) and high salinity (up to 150–250 psu) in its brine inclusions, where SIMCOs thrive. Without a permanent station, wintering expeditions in Antarctica are technically difficult; therefore, in this study, the process of autumn freezing was modelled under laboratory conditions, and the resulting ‘young ice’ was further incubated in cold and darkness for one month. The ice formation experiment was primarily designed to reproduce two critical conditions: (i) total darkness, causing the photosynthesis to cease, and (ii) the presence of a large amount of algae-derived organic matter. As expected, in the absence of photosynthesis, the activity of aerobic heterotrophs quickly created micro-oxic conditions, which caused the emergence of new players, namely facultative anaerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Following this finding, we can state that Antarctic pack-ice and its surrounding ambient (under-ice seawater and platelet ice) are likely to be very dynamic and can quickly respond to environmental changes caused by the seasonal fluctuations. Given the size of Antarctic pack-ice, even in complete darkness and cessation of photosynthesis, its ecosystem appears to remain active, continuing to participate in global carbon-and-sulfur cycling under harsh conditions.
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- 2022
35. Symbiosis between nanohaloarchaeon and haloarchaeon is based on utilization of different polysaccharides
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Stepan V. Toshchakov, Dimitry Y. Sorokin, Renata Denaro, Manuel Ferrer, Peter N. Golyshin, Francesca Crisafi, Gina La Spada, Erika Arcadi, Laura Giuliano, Michail M. Yakimov, Manfred Rohde, Enzo Messina, Olga V. Golyshina, Sergio Ciordia, John E. Hallsworth, María Carmen Mena, Alexander Y. Merkel, Violetta La Cono, Francesco Smedile, Margarita A. Shevchenko, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Welsh Government, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (The Netherlands), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
- Subjects
Archaeal Proteins ,Polysaccharide utilization ,Biology ,Polysaccharide ,Microbiology ,Nanohaloarchaea ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chitin ,Symbiosis ,Genome, Archaeal ,Polysaccharides ,Solar salterns ,Halomicrobium ,General ,Phylogeny ,haloarchaea ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Halobacteriaceae ,Multidisciplinary ,Glycogen ,Haloarchaea ,Genomics ,Biological Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Coculture Techniques ,symbiosis ,solar salterns ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,nanohaloarchaea ,Nanoarchaeota ,Candidatus ,Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal ,polysaccharide utilization - Abstract
© 2020 the Author(s)., Nano-sized archaeota, with their small genomes and limited metabolic capabilities, are known to associate with other microbes, thereby compensating for their own auxotrophies. These diminutive and yet ubiquitous organisms thrive in hypersaline habitats that they share with haloarchaea. Here, we reveal the genetic and physiological nature of a nanohaloarchaeon–haloarchaeon association, with both microbes obtained from a solar saltern and reproducibly cultivated together in vitro. The nanohaloarchaeon Candidatus Nanohalobium constans LC1Nh is an aerotolerant, sugar-fermenting anaerobe, lacking key anabolic machinery and respiratory complexes. The nanohaloarchaeon cells are found physically connected to the chitinolytic haloarchaeon Halomicrobium sp. LC1Hm. Our experiments revealed that this haloarchaeon can hydrolyze chitin outside the cell (to produce the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine), using this beta-glucan to obtain carbon and energy for growth. However, LC1Hm could not metabolize either glycogen or starch (both alpha-glucans) or other polysaccharides tested. Remarkably, the nanohaloarchaeon’s ability to hydrolyze glycogen and starch to glucose enabled growth of Halomicrobium sp. LC1Hm in the absence of a chitin. These findings indicated that the nanohaloarchaeon–haloarchaeon association is both mutualistic and symbiotic; in this case, each microbe relies on its partner’s ability to degrade different polysaccharides. This suggests, in turn, that other nano-sized archaeota may also be beneficial for their hosts. Given that availability of carbon substrates can vary both spatially and temporarily, the susceptibility of Halomicrobium to colonization by Ca. Nanohalobium can be interpreted as a strategy to maximize the long-term fitness of the host., This study was partially supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of University and Research under the RITMARE Flagship Project (2012–2016) and the INMARE Project (Contract H2020-BG-2014-2634486), funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research Program. P.N.G. and O.V.G. acknowledge support from the Centre for Environmental Biotechnology Project, partly funded by the European Regional Development Fund via the Welsh Assembly Government. D.Y.S. was supported by SYAM-Gravitation Program of the Dutch Ministry of Education and Science Grant 24002002 and Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant 19-04-00401). S.V.T. acknowledges Kurchatov Centre for Genome Research, and his work was supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation Grant 075-15-2019-1659.
- Published
- 2020
36. Reduced C9ORF72 function exacerbates gain of toxicity from ALS/FTD-causing repeat expansion in C9orf72
- Author
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Don W. Cleveland, Amy Taylor, Albert R. La Spada, Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne, Jie Jiang, Tania F. Gendron, Sandra Diaz Garcia, Huaxi Xu, John Ravits, Somasish Ghosh Dastidar, Lu-Lin Jiang, Leonard Petrucelli, Melissa McAlonis-Downes, María José Cubillas Rodríguez, Patrick King, Sandrine Da Cruz, Qiang Zhu, and Yong Jie Zhang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Genetically modified mouse ,General Neuroscience ,Transgene ,Autophagy ,Endogeny ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Cell biology ,C9orf72 Protein ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,C9orf72 ,medicine ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Trinucleotide repeat expansion ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Hexanucleotide expansions in C9orf72, which encodes a predicted guanine exchange factor, are the most frequent genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Although repeat expansion has been established to generate toxic products, mRNAs encoding the C9ORF72 protein are also reduced in affected individuals. In this study, we tested how C9ORF72 protein levels affected repeat-mediated toxicity. In somatic transgenic mice expressing 66 GGGGCC repeats, inactivation of one or both endogenous C9orf72 alleles provoked or accelerated, respectively, early death. In mice expressing a C9orf72 transgene with 450 repeats that did not encode the C9ORF72 protein, inactivation of one or both endogenous C9orf72 alleles exacerbated cognitive deficits, hippocampal neuron loss, glial activation and accumulation of dipeptide-repeat proteins from translation of repeat-containing RNAs. Reduced C9ORF72 was shown to suppress repeat-mediated elevation in autophagy. These efforts support a disease mechanism in ALS/FTD resulting from reduced C9ORF72, which can lead to autophagy deficits, synergizing with repeat-dependent gain of toxicity.
- Published
- 2020
37. Artificial Intelligence and COVID-19: Deep Learning Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment
- Author
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Mirhamed Mirmozafari, Wahab Mohyuddin, Alireza Jamshidi, Nima Bayat-Makou, Mohammad Jamshidi, Mojgan Dehghani, Asal Sabet, Zdenek Peroutka, Farimah Hadjilooei, Bahare Mohamadzade, Sarah Kiani, Sobhan Roshani, Luigi La Spada, Hamed Hashemi-Dezaki, Pedram Lalbakhsh, Jakub Talla, Zahra Malek, Ali Lalbakhsh, Saeed Roshani, and Morteza Jamshidi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Artificial intelligence ,Information theory ,biomedical informatics ,General Computer Science ,diagnosis ,Process (engineering) ,Computer science ,Big data ,Biomedical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Health informatics ,Adversarial system ,big data ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Emerging Deep Learning Theories and Methods for Biomedical Engineering ,Artificial intelligence, big data, bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, COVID-19, deep learning, diagnosis, machine learning, treatment ,Extreme learning machine ,Computational and artificial intelligence ,treatment ,Artificial neural network ,business.industry ,Public health ,Deep learning ,General Engineering ,COVID-19 ,deep learning ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Unstructured data ,bioinformatics ,Computers and information processing ,machine learning ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak has put the whole world in an unprecedented difficult situation bringing life around the world to a frightening halt and claiming thousands of lives. Due to COVID-19’s spread in 212 countries and territories and increasing numbers of infected cases and death tolls mounting to 5,212,172 and 334,915 (as of May 22 2020), it remains a real threat to the public health system. This paper renders a response to combat the virus through Artificial Intelligence (AI). Some Deep Learning (DL) methods have been illustrated to reach this goal, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and Long/Short Term Memory (LSTM). It delineates an integrated bioinformatics approach in which different aspects of information from a continuum of structured and unstructured data sources are put together to form the user-friendly platforms for physicians and researchers. The main advantage of these AI-based platforms is to accelerate the process of diagnosis and treatment of the COVID-19 disease. The most recent related publications and medical reports were investigated with the purpose of choosing inputs and targets of the network that could facilitate reaching a reliable Artificial Neural Network-based tool for challenges associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, there are some specific inputs for each platform, including various forms of the data, such as clinical data and medical imaging which can improve the performance of the introduced approaches toward the best responses in practical applications.
- Published
- 2020
38. The Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility
- Author
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Kenechukwu Anadu, Marco Cipriani, Ryan Craver, and Gabriele La Spada
- Subjects
History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
39. Scarce, Abundant, or Ample? A Time-Varying Model of the Reserve Demand Curve
- Author
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Gara Afonso, Domenico Giannone, Gabriele La Spada, and John C. Williams
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
40. Monetary Policy and the Run Risk of Loan Funds
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Nicola Cetorelli, Gabriele La Spada, and João A. C. Santos
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
41. Banks’ Balance-Sheet Costs, Monetary Policy, and the ON RRP
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Gara Afonso, Marco Cipriani, and Gabriele La Spada
- Subjects
History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
42. Monetary policy and the run risk of loan funds
- Author
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Cetorelli, Nicola, La Spada, Gabriele, and Santos, João A. C.
- Subjects
G28 ,mutual funds ,ddc:330 ,monetary policy ,G23 ,leverage lending ,E52 - Abstract
Loan funds are open-end mutual funds holding predominantly corporate leveraged loans. We document empirically that loan funds are significantly more susceptible to run risk than any other category of debt funds, including corporate bond funds. Most importantly, we establish a link between loan funds' flows and monetary policy, based on the institutional characteristics of their portfolio holdings. We find robust evidence indicating a pro-cyclical relationship between monetary policy and loan-fund flows. This relationship, however, is asymmetric: weaker for policy-rate increases and stronger for policy-rate decreases. Finally, the effect of monetary policy shocks on loan-fund flows also depends on the level of market short-term rates, suggesting that it is not only the direction of the monetary policy change that matters, but also the level of the policy rate at the time of the change. Our results thus identify a novel channel of monetary policy transmission affecting a critical segment of the credit sector, represented by leveraged lending.
- Published
- 2022
43. Scarce, abundant, or ample? A time-varying model of the reserve demand curve
- Author
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Afonso, Gara, Giannone, Domenico, La Spada, Gabriele, and Williams, John C.
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ddc:330 ,federal funds market ,monetary policy ,G21 ,E58 ,demand for reserves ,E41 ,E52 ,E43 - Abstract
Does the federal funds rate respond to shocks when aggregate reserves are in the trillions of dollars? Has banks' demand for reserves moved over time? We provide a structural time-varying estimate of the slope of the reserve demand curve over 2010-21. We estimate a time-varying vector autoregressive model at daily frequency with an instrumental variable approach to address endogeneity. Consistent with economic theory, our estimates show a nonlinear demand function that exhibits a negative slope in 2010-11 and 2018-19 but is flat over 2012-17 and after mid-2020. We also find that the curve has moved outward, both vertically and horizontally.
- Published
- 2022
44. A super absorbent polymer containing copper to control Plenodomus tracheiphilus the causative agent of mal secco disease of lemon
- Author
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Soumia El boumlasy, Federico La Spada, Antonella Pane, Antonino Licciardello, Abderrahmane Debdoubi, Nunzio Tuccitto, and Santa Olga Cacciola
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Microbiology (medical) ,copper ,MFC ,antifungal activity ,new technology ,MIC ,ToF-SIMS ,Microbiology ,eco-friendly products ,AAS - Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Super absorbent polymer (SAP) containing copper (SAP-Cu) in controlling mal secco disease (MSD) of lemon caused by the fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus. Super absorbent polymer containing copper was characterized by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. In vitro tests were performed to determine the inhibitory effects of SAP-Cu against the pathogen on both potato-dextrose-agar medium and naturally infected lemon cuttings. Super absorbent polymer was able to absorb up to about 200 and 30 times its weight of ionized water and copper (II) sulfate solution (Cu2+ ions at the concentration 236 mM), respectively. The distribution of copper released on twigs after 24 h of contact with SAP-Cu was determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analyzer (ToF-SIMS). Super absorbent polymer containing copper significantly inhibited the viability of P. tracheiphilus in lemon twigs. Overall, the results of this study showed that the SAP could be a suitable carrier of antifungal compounds.
- Published
- 2022
45. Banks' balance-sheet costs, monetary policy, and the ON RRP
- Author
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Afonso, Gara, Cipriani, Marco, and La Spada, Gabriele
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ONRRP ,money market funds ,ddc:330 ,monetary policy ,leverage ratio ,G10 ,G21 ,E58 ,E51 ,balance sheet constraints ,E41 ,banks - Abstract
In June 2022, the Federal Reserve started reducing the size of its balance sheet, which had expanded to just under $9 trillion in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, whereas banks' reserves at the Federal Reserve have decreased, the investment of money market funds (MMFs) at the Federal Reserve's overnight reverse repo (ON RRP) facility has continued to increase, reaching $2.4 trillion in September 2022. In this paper, we causally identify the drivers of ON RRP take-up through a diff-in-diff approach. By exploiting a temporary change in the computation of banks' Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) implemented in 2020-21, we show that banks' balance sheet costs incentivize them to push deposits toward MMFs and to reduce their overnight borrowing from MMFs, leading to an increase in MMF investment at the ON RRP. Furthermore, we show that monetary policy tightening, and Treasury bill scarcity are two additional factors contributing to the recent increase in ON RRP usage.
- Published
- 2022
46. La decisione del giudice di fronte all'alta conflittualità genitoriale: quando ricorrere alla coordinazione genitoriale
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Viviana La Spada, Monia Vagni, Claudia Rubis, Carlo Trionfi, Daniela Pajardi, and Stephanie Castoldi
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Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,Developmental and Educational Psychology - Abstract
Sempre più spesso le separazioni altamente conflittuali richiedono l'intervento del Tribunale per tutelare l'interesse dei minori. La letteratura internazionale, infatti, mostra come l'esposizione ad alti livelli di conflittualità genitoriale sia un fattore di rischio per i figli. Si propongono alcuni indicatori di conflittualità, rischio evolutivo e capacità di cura dei bisogni dei figli, come supporto, per il giudice e gli operatori, nella scelta degli interventi giudiziari e psicosociali più idonei. Si delineano vantaggi e finalità di interventi tradizionali (come la consulenza tecnica d'ufficio e la mediazione) e dell'innovativa pratica della coordinazione genitoriale.
- Published
- 2019
47. Depriving Mice of Sleep also Deprives of Food
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Nina Đukanović, Francesco La Spada, Yann Emmenegger, Guy Niederhäuser, Frédéric Preitner, and Paul Franken
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body composition ,food intake ,circadian rhythms ,fat ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,energy expenditure ,clock genes ,lean body mass ,sleep deprivation ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Both sleep-wake behavior and circadian rhythms are tightly coupled to energy metabolism and food intake. Altered feeding times in mice are known to entrain clock-gene rhythms in brain and liver and sleep-deprived humans tend to eat more and gain weight. Previous observations in mice showing that sleep deprivation (SD) changes clock-gene expression might thus relate to altered food intake and not to the loss of sleep per se. Whether SD affects food intake in the mouse and how this might affect clock-gene expression is, however, unknown. We therefore quantified i) the cortical expression of the clock genes Per1, Per2, Dbp, and Cry1 in mice that had access to food or not during a 6h SD, and ii) food intake during baseline, SD, and recovery sleep. We found that food deprivation did not modify the SD-incurred clock-gene changes in the cortex. Moreover, we discovered that although food intake during SD did not differ from baseline, mice lost weight and increased food intake during subsequent recovery. We conclude that SD is associated with food deprivation and that the resulting energy deficit might contribute to the effects of SD that are commonly interpreted as a response to sleep loss.
- Published
- 2021
48. De novo pathogenic variant in SETX causes a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder of early childhood-onset with severe axonal polyneuropathy
- Author
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Aristides Hadjinicolaou, Kathie J. Ngo, Daniel Y. Conway, John P. Provias, Steven K. Baker, Lauren I. Brady, Craig L. Bennett, Albert R. La Spada, Brent L. Fogel, and Grace Yoon
- Subjects
Male ,Axonal neuropathy ,Adolescent ,DNA Helicases ,SETX ,Mice, Transgenic ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,Case Report ,Multifunctional Enzymes ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Mice ,Polyneuropathies ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Animals ,Humans ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,Neurology (clinical) ,Age of Onset ,Neurodegeneration ,RC346-429 ,Child ,Senataxin ,RNA Helicases - Abstract
Pathogenic variants in SETX cause two distinct neurological diseases, a loss-of-function recessive disorder, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2), and a dominant gain-of-function motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4 (ALS4). We identified two unrelated patients with the same de novo c.23C > T (p.Thr8Met) variant in SETX presenting with an early-onset, severe polyneuropathy. As rare private gene variation is often difficult to link to genetic neurological disease by DNA sequence alone, we used transcriptional network analysis to functionally validate these patients with severe de novo SETX-related neurodegenerative disorder. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify disease-associated modules from two different ALS4 mouse models and compared to confirmed ALS4 patient data to derive an ALS4-specific transcriptional signature. WGCNA of whole blood RNA-sequencing data from a patient with the p.Thr8Met SETX variant was compared to ALS4 and control patients to determine if this signature could be used to identify affected patients. WGCNA identified overlapping disease-associated modules in ALS4 mouse model data and ALS4 patient data. Mouse ALS4 disease-associated modules were not associated with AOA2 disease modules, confirming distinct disease-specific signatures. The expression profile of a patient carrying the c.23C > T (p.Thr8Met) variant was significantly associated with the human and mouse ALS4 signature, confirming the relationship between this SETX variant and disease. The similar clinical presentations of the two unrelated patients with the same de novo p.Thr8Met variant and the functional data provide strong evidence that the p.Thr8Met variant is pathogenic. The distinct phenotype expands the clinical spectrum of SETX-related disorders.
- Published
- 2021
49. MAP4K3 inhibits Sirtuin-1 to repress the LKB1-AMPK pathway to promote amino acid dependent activation of the mTORC1 complex
- Author
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Cynthia Hsu, J. Paul Taylor, Kohta Ohnishi, Bryce L. Sopher, Tony Hunter, Mary Rose Branch, Elian Lee, Albert R. La Spada, Jill Meisenhelder, and Brett J. Winborn
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Sirtuin 1 ,Effector ,AMPK ,mTORC1 ,Cell biology ,Amino acid ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Phosphorylation ,biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity ,Signal transduction ,RHEB - Abstract
mTORC1 is the key rheostat controlling cellular metabolic state. Of the various inputs to mTORC1, the most potent effector of intracellular nutrient status is amino acid supply. Despite an established role for MAP4K3 in promoting mTORC1 activation in the presence of amino acids, the signaling pathway by which MAP4K3 controls mTORC1 activation remains unknown. Here we examined the process of MAP4K3 activation of mTORC1 and found that MAP4K3 represses the LKB1-AMPK pathway to prevent TSC1/2 complex inactivation of Rheb. When we sought the regulatory link between MAP4K3 and LKB1 inhibition, we discovered that MAP4K3 physically interacts with the master nutrient regulatory factor Sirtuin-1 and phosphorylates Sirtuin-1 to repress LKB1 activation. Our results reveal the existence of a novel signaling pathway linking amino acid satiety with MAP4K3-dependent suppression of SIRT1 to inactivate the repressive LKB1-AMPK pathway and thereby potently activate the mTORC1 complex to dictate the metabolic disposition of the cell.
- Published
- 2021
50. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1
- Author
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Klionsky, Daniel, Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah, Sara, Abdellatif, Mahmoud, Abdoli, Asghar, Abel, Steffen, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abildgaard, Marie, Abudu, Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adamopoulos, Iannis, Adeli, Khosrow, Adolph, Timon, Adornetto, Annagrazia, Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Anupam, Aggarwal, Bharat, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrewala, Javed, Agrotis, Alexander, Aguilar, Patricia, Ahmad, S Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair, Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed, Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay, Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gómez, Elísabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Alim Al-Bari, M Abdul, Aliwaini, Saeb, Alizadeh, Javad, Almacellas, Eugènia, Almasan, Alexandru, Alonso, Alicia, Alonso, Guillermo, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario, Álvarez, Élida, Alves, Sara, Alves Da Costa, Cristine, Alzaharna, Mazen, Amadio, Marialaura, Amantini, Consuelo, Amaral, Cristina, Ambrosio, Susanna, Amer, Amal, Ammanathan, Veena, An, Zhenyi, Andersen, Stig, Andrabi, Shaida, Andrade-Silva, Magaiver, Andres, Allen, Angelini, Sabrina, Ann, David, Anozie, Uche, Ansari, Mohammad, Antas, Pedro, Antebi, Adam, Antón, Zuriñe, Anwar, Tahira, Apetoh, Lionel, Apostolova, Nadezda, Araki, Toshiyuki, Araki, Yasuhiro, Arasaki, Kohei, Araújo, Wagner, Araya, Jun, Arden, Catherine, Arévalo, Maria-Angeles, Arguelles, Sandro, Arias, Esperanza, Arikkath, Jyothi, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen, Armstrong-James, Darius, Arnauné-Pelloquin, Laetitia, Aroca, Angeles, Arroyo, Daniela, Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Rubén, Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner, Michael, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Ashur-Fabian, Osnat, Atanasov, Atanas, Au, Alicia, Auberger, Patrick, Auner, Holger, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Ávalos, Yenniffer, Aveic, Sanja, Aveleira, Célia Alexandra, Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar, Aydin, Yucel, Ayton, Scott, Ayyadevara, Srinivas, Azzopardi, Maria, Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan, Backues, Steven, Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric, Baek, Ahruem, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baek, Sung Hee, Bagetta, Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xiyuan, Bai, Yidong, Bairagi, Nandadulal, Baksi, Shounak, Balbi, Teresa, Baldari, Cosima, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Ballester, Maria, Balazadeh, Salma, Balzan, Rena, Bandopadhyay, Rina, Banerjee, Sreeparna, Banerjee, Sulagna, Bánréti, Ágnes, Bao, Yan, Baptista, Mauricio, Baracca, Alessandra, Barbati, Cristiana, Bargiela, Ariadna, Barilà, Daniela, Barlow, Peter, Barmada, Sami, Barreiro, Esther, Barreto, George, Bartek, Jiri, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Barve, Gaurav, Basagoudanavar, Suresh, Bassham, Diane, Bast, Robert, Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne, Baumgarner, Bradley, Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz, Beck, George, Beers, Michael, Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg, Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touzé, Naïma, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Belló Pérez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, Beltran, Jackeline Soares de Oliveira, Beltran, Sebastián, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno, Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin, Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amélie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri, Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie, Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena, Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor, Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor, Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa, Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan, Boone, Brian, Bootman, Martin, Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat, Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jürgen, Bose, Santanu, botana, luis, Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal, Boulton, Michael, Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig, Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter, Bozi, Luiz, Bozkurt, Tolga, Brackney, Doug, Brandts, Christian, Braun, Ralf, Braus, Gerhard, Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, José, Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Brodsky, Jeffrey, Brody, Steven, Bronson, Paola, Bronstein, Jeff, Brown, Carolyn, Brown, Rhoderick, Brum, Patricia, Brumell, John, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert, Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J Ross, Buckingham, Erin, Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph, Burón, M Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Büttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairó, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose, Caldwell, Guy, Caldwell, Kim, Call, Jarrod, Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana, Calvo-Rubio Barrera, Miguel, Camara, Niels OS, Camonis, Jacques, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward, Campbell-Valois, François-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane, Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, Candido de Almeida, Danilo, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Cantí, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Caramés, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie, Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra, Carew, Jennifer, Carle, Georges, Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia, Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian, Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo, Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel, Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio, Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria, Cebollada Rica, Paula, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victòria, Cerqueira, João, Cerutti, Janete, Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David, 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Guangchao, Sun, Jun, SUN, Kang, Sun, Meng-xiang, Sun, Qiming, Sun, Yi, Sun, Zhongjie, Sunahara, Karen, Sundberg, Eva, Susztak, Katalin, Sutovsky, Peter, Suzuki, Hidekazu, Sweeney, Gary, Symons, J David, Sze, Stephen Cho Wing, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Tabęcka-Łonczynska, Anna, Tabolacci, Claudio, Tacke, Frank, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Tagaya, Mitsuo, Tai, Haoran, Tait, Stephen, Takahashi, Yoshinori, Takats, Szabolcs, Talwar, Priti, Tam, Chit, Tam, Shing Yau, Tampellini, Davide, Tamura, Atsushi, Tan, Chong Teik, Tan, Eng-King, Tan, Ya-Qin, Tanaka, Masaki, Tanaka, Motomasa, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Jingfeng, Tang, Tie-Shan, Tanida, Isei, Tao, Zhipeng, Taouis, Mohammed, Tatenhorst, Lars, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Allen, Taylor, Gregory, Taylor, Joan, Tchetina, Elena, Tee, Andrew, Tegeder, Irmgard, Teis, David, Teixeira, Natercia, Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima, Tekirdag, Kumsal, Tencomnao, Tewin, Tenreiro, Sandra, Tepikin, Alexei, Testillano, Pilar, Tettamanti, Gianluca, Tharaux, Pierre-Louis, Thedieck, Kathrin, Thekkinghat, Arvind, Thellung, Stefano, Thinwa, Josephine, Thirumalaikumar, V.P., Thomas, Sufi Mary, Thomes, Paul, Thorburn, Andrew, Thukral, Lipi, Thum, Thomas, Thumm, Michael, Tian, Ling, Tichy, Ales, Till, Andreas, Timmerman, Vincent, Titorenko, Vladimir, Todi, Sokol, Todorova, Krassimira, Toivonen, Janne, Tomaipitinca, Luana, Tomar, Dhanendra, Tomas-Zapico, Cristina, Tomić, Sergej, Tong, Benjamin Chun-Kit, Tong, Chao, Tong, Xin, Tooze, Sharon, Torgersen, Maria, Torii, Satoru, Torres-López, Liliana, Torriglia, Alicia, Towers, Christina, Towns, Roberto, Toyokuni, Shinya, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Tramontano, Donatella, Tran, Quynh-Giao, Travassos, Leonardo, Trelford, Charles, Tremel, Shirley, Trougakos, Ioannis, Tsao, Betty, Tschan, Mario, Tse, Hung-Fat, Tse, Tak Fu, Tsugawa, Hitoshi, Tsvetkov, Andrey, Tumbarello, David, Tumtas, Yasin, Tuñón, María, Turcotte, Sandra, Turk, Boris, Turk, Vito, Turner, Bradley, Tuxworth, Richard, Tyler, Jessica, Tyutereva, Elena, Uchiyama, Yasuo, Ugun-Klusek, Aslihan, Uhlig, Holm, Ułamek-Kozioł, Marzena, Ulasov, Ilya, Umekawa, Midori, Ungermann, Christian, Unno, Rei, Urbe, Sylvie, Uribe-Carretero, Elisabet, Üstün, Suayib, Uversky, Vladimir, Vaccari, Thomas, Vaccaro, Maria, Vahsen, Björn, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin, Valdor, Rut, Valente, Maria, Valko, Ayelén, Vallee, Richard, Valverde, Angela, Van Den Berghe, Greet, van der Veen, Stijn, Van Kaer, Luc, van Loosdregt, Jorg, van Wijk, Sjoerd, Vandenberghe, Wim, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Vannier-Santos, Marcos, Vannini, Nicola, Vanrell, M Cristina, Vantaggiato, Chiara, Varano, Gabriele, Varela-Nieto, Isabel, Varga, Máté, Vasconcelos, M Helena, Vats, Somya, Vavvas, Demetrios, Vega-Naredo, Ignacio, Vega-Rubin-de-Celis, Silvia, Velasco, Guillermo, Velázquez, Ariadna, Vellai, Tibor, Vellenga, Edo, Velotti, Francesca, Verdier, Mireille, Verginis, Panayotis, Vergne, Isabelle, Verkade, Paul, Verma, Manish, Verstreken, Patrik, Vervliet, Tim, Vervoorts, Jörg, Vessoni, Alexandre, Victor, Victor, Vidal, Michel, Vidoni, Chiara, Vieira, Otilia, Vierstra, Richard, Viganó, Sonia, Vihinen, Helena, Vijayan, Vinoy, Vila, Miquel, Vilar, Marçal, Villalba, José, Villalobo, Antonio, Villarejo-Zori, Beatriz, Villarroya, Francesc, Villarroya, Joan, Vincent, Olivier, Vindis, Cecile, Viret, Christophe, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Visnjic, Dora, Vitale, Ilio, Vocadlo, David, Voitsekhovskaja, Olga, Volonté, Cinzia, Volta, Mattia, Vomero, Marta, Von Haefen, Clarissa, Vooijs, Marc, Voos, Wolfgang, Vucicevic, Ljubica, Wade-Martins, Richard, Waguri, Satoshi, Waite, Kenrick, Wakatsuki, Shuji, Walker, David, Walker, Mark, Walker, Simon, Walter, Jochen, Wandosell, Francisco, Wang, Bo, Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chen, Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chenwei, Wang, Cun-Yu, Wang, Dong, Wang, Fangyang, Wang, Feng, Wang, Fengming, Wang, Guansong, Wang, Han, Wang, Hao, Wang, Hexiang, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Jianrong, Wang, Jigang, Wang, Jiou, Wang, Jundong, Wang, Kui, Wang, Lianrong, Wang, Liming, Wang, Maggie Haitian, Wang, Meiqing, Wang, Nanbu, Wang, PengWei, Wang, PeiPei, Wang, Ping, Wang, Qing Jun, Wang, Qing, Wang, Qing Kenneth, Wang, Qiong, Wang, Wen-Tao, Wang, Wuyang, Wang, Xinnan, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanchang, Wang, Yanzhuang, Wang, Yen-Yun, Wang, Yihua, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, wang, yuqi, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhouguang, Warnes, Gary, Warnsmann, Verena, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Eizo, Watchon, Maxinne, Wawrzyńska, Anna, Weaver, Timothy, Wegrzyn, Grzegorz, Wehman, Ann, Wei, Huafeng, Wei, Lei, Wei, Taotao, Wei, Yongjie, Weiergräber, Oliver, Weihl, Conrad, Weindl, Günther, Weiskirchen, Ralf, Wells, Alan, Wen, Runxia, Wen, Xin, Werner, Antonia, Weykopf, Beatrice, Wheatley, Sally, Whitton, J Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander, Wiktorska, Katarzyna, Wildenberg, Manon, Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Brett, Williams, Robin, Williams, Roger, Williamson, Peter, Wilson, Richard, Winner, Beate, Winsor, Nathaniel, Witkin, Steven, Wodrich, Harald, Woehlbier, Ute, Wollert, Thomas, Wong, Esther, Wong, Jack Ho, Wong, Richard, Wong, Vincent Kam Wai, Wong, W Wei-Lynn, Wu, An-Guo, Wu, Chengbiao, Wu, Jian, Wu, Junfang, Wu, Kenneth, Wu, Min, Wu, Shan-Ying, Wu, Shengzhou, Wu, Shu-Yan, Wu, Shufang, Wu, William, Wu, Xiaohong, Wu, Xiaoqing, Wu, Yao-Wen, Wu, Yihua, Xavier, Ramnik, Xia, Hongguang, Xia, Lixin, Xia, Zhengyuan, Xiang, Ge, Xiang, Jin, Xiang, Mingliang, Xiang, Wei, Xiao, Bin, Xiao, Guozhi, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Hong-tao, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Lan, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Yin, Xie, Baoming, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Min, Xie, Yuxiang, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, En, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Jing, Xu, Jinrong, Xu, Liang, Xu, Wen Wen, Xu, Xiulong, Xue, Yu, Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna, Yamaguchi, Masamitsu, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yan, Shengmin, Yan, Shian-Jang, Yan, Zhen, Yanagi, Yasuo, Yang, Chuanbin, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Huan, Yang, Huang-Tian, Yang, Hui, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Jing, Yang, Jingyu, Yang, Ling, Yang, Liu, Yang, Ming, Yang, Pei-Ming, Yang, Qian, Yang, Seungwon, Yang, Shu, Yang, Shun-Fa, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Xiaoyong, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Yi, Yang, Ying, Yao, Honghong, Yao, Shenggen, Yao, Xiaoqiang, Yao, Yong-Gang, Yao, Yong-Ming, Yasui, Takahiro, Yazdankhah, Meysam, Yen, Paul, Yi, Cong, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yin, Yanhai, Yin, Zhangyuan, Yin, Ziyi, Ying, Meidan, Ying, Zheng, Yip, Calvin, Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung, Yoo, Young, Yoshida, Kiyotsugu, Yoshii, Saori, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yousefi, Bahman, Yu, Boxuan, Yu, Haiyang, Yu, Jun, Yu, Li, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Victor, Yu, W Haung, Yu, Zhengping, Yu, Zhou, Yuan, Junying, Yuan, Ling-Qing, Yuan, Shilin, Yuan, Shyng-Shiou, Yuan, Yanggang, Yuan, Zengqiang, Yue, Jianbo, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Jeanho, Yung, Raymond, Zacks, David, Zaffagnini, Gabriele, Zambelli, Vanessa, Zanella, Isabella, Zang, Qun, Zanivan, Sara, Zappavigna, Silvia, Zaragoza, Pilar, Zarbalis, Konstantinos, Zarebkohan, Amir, Zarrouk, Amira, Zeitlin, Scott, Zeng, Jialiu, Zeng, Ju-deng, Žerovnik, Eva, Zhan, Lixuan, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Donna, Zhang, Hanlin, Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Honghe, Zhang, Huafeng, Zhang, Huaye, Zhang, Hui, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianbin, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Kalin, Zhang, Leshuai, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Lisheng, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Luoying, Zhang, Menghuan, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Sheng, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Xiaolei, Zhang, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Xin, Zhang, Xinxin, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yanjin, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Ying-Dong, Zhang, Yingmei, Zhang, Yuan-Yuan, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Zhengguang, Zhang, Zhibing, Zhang, Zhihai, Zhang, Zhiyong, Zhang, Zili, Zhao, Haobin, Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Shuang, Zhao, Tongbiao, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao, Zhao, Yongliang, Zhao, Yuting, Zheng, Guoping, Zheng, Kai, Zheng, Ling, Zheng, Shizhong, Zheng, Xi-Long, Zheng, Yi, Zheng, Zu-Guo, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Ben, Zhou, Cefan, ZHOU, Gang, Zhou, Hao, Zhou, Hong, Zhou, Hongbo, Zhou, Jie, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Jiyong, Zhou, Kailiang, Zhou, Rongjia, Zhou, Xu-jie, Zhou, Yanshuang, Zhou, Yinghong, Zhou, Yubin, Zhou, Zheng-Yu, Zhou, Zhou, Zhu, Binglin, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Guo-Qing, Zhu, Haining, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Yanping, Zhu, Yushan, Zhuang, Haixia, Zhuang, Xiaohong, Zientara-Rytter, Katarzyna, Zimmermann, Christine, Ziviani, Elena, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorov, Dmitry, Zorzano, Antonio, Zou, Weiping, Zou, Zhen, Zou, Zhengzhi, Zuryn, Steven, Zwerschke, Werner, Brand-Saberi, Beate, Dong, X Charlie, Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar, Li, Zuguo, Lin, Yong, Oshima, Shigeru, Rong, Yueguang, Sluimer, Judith, Stallings, Christina, Tong, Chun-Kit, Ahmad, S. Tariq, Alim Al-Bari, M. Abdul, Bechara, Luiz R.G., Behrens, Georg M.N., Bhuiyan, Md. Shenuarin, Broaddus, V. Courtney, Buchan, J. Ross, Burón, M. Isabel, Carter, A. Brent, Chan, Matthew T.V., Choi, Augustine M.K., D’Adamo, Stefania, D’Amelio, Marcello, D’Arcangelo, Daniela, D’Lugos, Andrew, D’Orazi, Gabriella, De Meyer, Guido R.Y., Delpino, M. Victoria, Distler, Jörg H.W., Dixon, Ian M.C., Dobson, Renwick C.J., 2nd Dorn, Gerald, Eissa, N. Tony, Engelsen, Agnete S.T., Fairlie, W. Douglas, Ferreira, Julio C.B., H.B., Ranjitha, Hanson, Phyllis I., Hejtmancik, J. Fielding, Ho, Idy H.T., Hobbs, G. Aaron, Hoet, Peter H.M., Huang, Michael L.H., Iyer, Anand Krishnan V., Johnson, Gail V.W., Joosten, Leo A.B., Karim, Md. Razaul, Kaufmann, Stefan H.E., Ko, Ben C.B., Leck, Lionel Y.W., Lima, Thania R.R., Livingston, J. Andrew, Martin, Alexandre P.J., Montes, L. Ruth, Murphy, J. Patrick, Ng, Charlene C.W., Nicolao, M. Celeste, O’Donovan, Tracey, O’Leary, Seónadh, O’Rourke, Eyleen, O’Sullivan, Mary, O’Sullivan, Timothy, Omary, M. Bishr, Pereira, Gustavo J.S., Ratnayaka, J. Arjuna, Riazuddin, S. Amer, Rouschop, Kasper M.A., Sanderson, J. Thomas, Scaglione, K. Matthew, Schapira, Anthony H.V., Scovassi, A. Ivana, St. Clair, Daret, Sunahara, Karen K.S., Symons, J. David, Triola, Gemma, van Wijk, Sjoerd J.L., Vanrell, M. Cristina, Vasconcelos, M. Helena, Whitton, J. Lindsay, Williams, Robin S.B., Wong, W. Wei-Lynn, Wu, William K.K., Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna M.S., Yu, W. Haung, Zhang, Kalin Y.B., Dong, X. Charlie, Ain Shams University [ASU], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University [JGU], Medical University Graz, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers [CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)], Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry [IPB], The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire [IPMC], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] [LNC], Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire [C3M], Institut de Biologie Valrose [IBV], Petites Molécules de neuroprotection, neurorégénération et remyélinisation, Signalisation Hormonale, Physiopathologie Endocrinienne et Métabolique, Institut Cochin [IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)], Institut NeuroMyoGène [INMG], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire [PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)], Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress [MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)], Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement [IRCAN], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille [CRCM], Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI [Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC], Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling [OSS], Institut Necker Enfants-Malades [INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)], Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule [I2BC], Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte [M2iSH], Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse [CRCT], Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 [CIIL], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [IGBMC], Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] [BIO-PEROXIL], Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation [CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)], Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers [U830], Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences [LOB], Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires [UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC], Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine [DC2N], Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier [IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM], Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy [CIML], Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques [PhIND], Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée [LBFA], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) [Imagine - U1163], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale [IMRB], Franco-czech Laboratory for clinical research on obesity, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI (Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institute of genetics and molecular and cellular biology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] (BIO-PEROXIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques (PhIND), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epithelial biology and disease - Liliane Bettencourt Chair of Developmental Biology (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Biomécanique cellulaire et respiratoire (BCR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM131919]., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress (MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Plateforme (PF I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Suzhou, Chine] (CAMS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Department of Women's and Children's Health [Stockholm, Sweden], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École polytechnique (X), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, FHU OncoAge - Pathologies liées à l’âge [CHU Nice] (OncoAge), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [UNIV Côte d'Azur] (UPMC), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Life Sciences Institute [Ann Arbor, MI, USA], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS [Milan, Italy] (EIO), Ain Shams University (ASU), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling (OSS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Klionsky, D. 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C., Brodersen, P., Brodsky, J. L., Brody, S. L., Bronson, P. G., Bronstein, J. M., Brown, C. N., Brown, R. E., Brum, P. C., Brumell, J. H., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Bruno, D., Bryson-Richardson, R. J., Bucci, C., Buchrieser, C., Bueno, M., Buitrago-Molina, L. E., Buraschi, S., Buch, S., Buchan, J. R., Buckingham, E. M., Budak, H., Budini, M., Bultynck, G., Burada, F., Burgoyne, J. R., Buron, M. I., Bustos, V., Buttner, S., Butturini, E., Byrd, A., Cabas, I., Cabrera-Benitez, S., Cadwell, K., Cai, J., Cai, L., Cai, Q., Cairo, M., Calbet, J. A., Caldwell, G. A., Caldwell, K. A., Call, J. A., Calvani, R., Calvo, A. C., Calvo-Rubio Barrera, M., Camara, N. O. S., Camonis, J. H., Camougrand, N., Campanella, M., Campbell, E. M., Campbell-Valois, F. -X., Campello, S., Campesi, I., Campos, J. C., Camuzard, O., Cancino, J., Candido de Almeida, D., Canesi, L., Caniggia, I., Canonico, B., Canti, C., Cao, B., Caraglia, M., Carames, B., Carchman, E. 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K., Chang, C. -P., Chang, C., Chang, H. -C., Chang, K., Chao, J., Chapman, T., Charlet-Berguerand, N., Chatterjee, S., Chaube, S. K., Chaudhary, A., Chauhan, S., Chaum, E., Checler, F., Cheetham, M. E., Chen, C. -S., Chen, G. -C., Chen, J. -F., Chen, L. L., Chen, L., Chen, M., Chen, M. -K., Chen, N., Chen, Q., Chen, R. -H., Chen, S., Chen, W., Chen, X. -M., Chen, X. -W., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -G., Chen, Y. -J., Chen, Y. -Q., Chen, Z. S., Chen, Z., Chen, Z. -H., Chen, Z. J., Cheng, H., Cheng, J., Cheng, S. -Y., Cheng, W., Cheng, X., Cheng, X. -T., Cheng, Y., Cheng, Z., Cheong, H., Cheong, J. K., Chernyak, B. V., Cherry, S., Cheung, C. F. R., Cheung, C. H. A., Cheung, K. -H., Chevet, E., Chi, R. J., Chiang, A. K. S., Chiaradonna, F., Chiarelli, R., Chiariello, M., Chica, N., Chiocca, S., Chiong, M., Chiou, S. -H., Chiramel, A. I., Chiurchiu, V., Cho, D. -H., Choe, S. -K., Choi, A. M. K., Choi, M. E., Choudhury, K. R., Chow, N. S., Chu, C. T., Chua, J. P., Chua, J. J. E., Chung, H., Chung, K. P., Chung, S., Chung, S. -H., Chung, Y. -L., Cianfanelli, V., Ciechomska, I. A., Cifuentes, M., Cinque, L., Cirak, S., Cirone, M., Clague, M. J., Clarke, R., Clementi, E., Coccia, E. M., Codogno, P., Cohen, E., Cohen, M. M., Colasanti, T., Colasuonno, F., Colbert, R. A., Colell, A., Colic, M., Coll, N. S., Collins, M. O., Colombo, M. I., Colon-Ramos, D. A., Combaret, L., Comincini, S., Cominetti, M. R., Consiglio, A., Conte, A., Conti, F., Contu, V. R., Cookson, M. R., Coombs, K. M., Coppens, I., Corasaniti, M. T., Corkery, D. P., Cordes, N., Cortese, K., Costa, M. D. C., Costantino, S., Costelli, P., Coto-Montes, A., Crack, P. J., Crespo, J. L., Criollo, A., Crippa, V., Cristofani, R., Csizmadia, T., Cuadrado, A., Cui, B., Cui, J., Cui, Y., Culetto, E., Cumino, A. C., Cybulsky, A. V., Czaja, M. J., Czuczwar, S. J., D'Adamo, S., D'Amelio, M., D'Arcangelo, D., D'Lugos, A. C., D'Orazi, G., da Silva, J. A., Dafsari, H. S., Dagda, R. K., Dagdas, Y., Daglia, M., Dai, X., Dai, Y., Dal Col, J., Dalhaimer, P., Dalla Valle, L., Dallenga, T., Dalmasso, G., Damme, M., Dando, I., Dantuma, N. P., Darling, A. L., Das, H., Dasarathy, S., Dasari, S. K., Dash, S., Daumke, O., Dauphinee, A. N., Davies, J. S., Davila, V. A., Davis, R. J., Davis, T., Dayalan Naidu, S., De Amicis, F., De Bosscher, K., De Felice, F., De Franceschi, L., De Leonibus, C., de Mattos Barbosa, M. G., De Meyer, G. R. Y., De Milito, A., De Nunzio, C., De Palma, C., De Santi, M., De Virgilio, C., De Zio, D., Debnath, J., Debosch, B. J., Decuypere, J. -P., Deehan, M. A., Deflorian, G., Degregori, J., Dehay, B., Del Rio, G., Delaney, J. R., Delbridge, L. M. D., Delorme-Axford, E., Delpino, M. V., Demarchi, F., Dembitz, V., Demers, N. D., Deng, H., Deng, Z., Dengjel, J., Dent, P., Denton, D., Depamphilis, M. L., Der, C. 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A., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D., Eckhart, L., Edelstein, C. L., Efferth, T., Eftekharpour, E., Eichinger, L., Eid, N., Eisenberg, T., Eissa, N. T., Eissa, S., Ejarque, M., El Andaloussi, A., El-Hage, N., El-Naggar, S., Eleuteri, A. M., El-Shafey, E. S., Elgendy, M., Eliopoulos, A. G., Elizalde, M. M., Elks, P. M., Elsasser, H. -P., Elsherbiny, E. S., Emerling, B. M., Emre, N. C. T., Eng, C. H., Engedal, N., Engelbrecht, A. -M., Engelsen, A. S. T., Enserink, J. M., Escalante, R., Esclatine, A., Escobar-Henriques, M., Eskelinen, E. -L., Espert, L., Eusebio, M. -O., Fabrias, G., Fabrizi, C., Facchiano, A., Facchiano, F., Fadeel, B., Fader, C., Faesen, A. C., Fairlie, W. D., Falco, A., Falkenburger, B. H., Fan, D., Fan, J., Fan, Y., Fang, E. F., Fang, Y., Fanto, M., Farfel-Becker, T., Faure, M., Fazeli, G., Fedele, A. O., Feldman, A. M., Feng, D., Feng, J., Feng, L., Feng, Y., Feng, W., Fenz Araujo, T., Ferguson, T. A., Fernandez, A. F., Fernandez-Checa, J. C., Fernandez-Veledo, S., Fernie, A. 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D., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. -L., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. -P., Zhang, K. Y. B., Zhang, L. W., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, P., Zhang, S., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. -W., Zhang, X. D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. -D., Zhang, Y. -Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, H., Zhao, L., Zhao, S., Zhao, T., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Y., Zheng, G., Zheng, K., Zheng, L., Zheng, S., Zheng, X. -L., Zheng, Y., Zheng, Z. -G., Zhivotovsky, B., Zhong, Q., Zhou, A., Zhou, B., Zhou, C., Zhou, G., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., Zhou, K., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. -J., Zhou, Y., Zhou, Z. -Y., Zhou, Z., Zhu, B., Zhu, C., Zhu, G. -Q., Zhu, H., Zhu, W. -G., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, H., Zhuang, X., Zientara-Rytter, K., Zimmermann, C. M., Ziviani, E., Zoladek, T., Zong, W. -X., Zorov, D. B., Zorzano, A., Zou, W., Zou, Z., Zuryn, S., Zwerschke, W., Brand-Saberi, B., Dong, X. C., Kenchappa, C. S., Lin, Y., Oshima, S., Rong, Y., Sluimer, J. C., Stallings, C. L., Tong, C. -K., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Programmed cell death ,Settore BIO/06 ,Autophagosome ,Autolysosome ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Autophagy-Related Proteins ,Review ,Computational biology ,[SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,Biology ,Settore MED/04 ,03 medical and health sciences ,stress ,Chaperone-mediated autophagy ,ddc:570 ,Autophagy ,LC3 ,Animals ,Humans ,cancer ,Settore BIO/10 ,flux ,lysosome ,macroautophagy ,neurodegeneration ,phagophore ,vacuole ,Set (psychology) ,Molecular Biology ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,business.industry ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Autophagosomes ,Cell Biology ,Multicellular organism ,030104 developmental biology ,Knowledge base ,Biological Assay ,Lysosomes ,business ,Biomarkers ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 232759.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
- Published
- 2021
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