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Clustering is one of the essential branches of data mining, which has numerous practical uses in real-time applications.The Kernel K-means method (KK-means) is an extended operative clustering algorithm. However, this algorithm entirely dependent on the kernel function’s hyper-parameter. Techniques that adequately explore the search spaces are needed for real optimization problems and to get optimal answers. This paper proposes an enhanced kernel K-means clustering by employing a pigeon optimization algorithm in clustering. The suggested algorithm finds the best solution by tuning the kernel function’s hyper-parameter and alters the number of clusters simultaneously. Based on five biological and chemical datasets, the results acquired the potential result from the suggested algorithm that is compared to other approaches based on intra-cluster distances and the Rand index. Moreover, findings confirm that the suggested KK-means algorithm achieves the best computation time. The proposed algorithm achieves the necessary support for data clustering.

Purpose:Treatment options for the management of upper tract urothelial cancer are based on accurate staging. However, the performance of conventional cross-sectional imaging for clinical lymph node staging (N-staging) remains poorly investigated. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of conventional cross-sectional imaging for upper tract urothelial cancer N-staging.Materials and Methods:This study was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. We included 865 nonmetastatic (M0) upper tract urothelial cancer patients treated with curative intended surgery and lymph node dissection who had been staged with conventional cross-sectional imaging before surgery. We compared clinical (c) and pathological (p) N-staging results to evaluate the concordance of node-positive (N+) and node-negative (N0) disease and calculate cN-staging's diagnostic accuracy.Results:Conventional cross-sectional imaging categorized 750 patients cN0 and 115 cN+. Lymph node dissection categorized 641 patients pN0 and 224 pN+. The cN-stage was pathologically downstaged in 6.8% of patients, upstaged in 19%, and found concordant in 74%. The sensitivity and specificity of cN-staging were 25% (95% CI 20; 31) and 91% (95% CI 88; 93). Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.7 (95% CI 2.0; 3.8) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.76; 0.89). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (0.58, 95% CI 0.55; 0.61) revealed low diagnostic accuracy.Conclusions:Conventional cross-sectional imaging had low sensitivity in detecting upper tract urothelial cancer pN+ disease. However, cN+ increased the likelihood of pN+ by almost threefold. Thus, conventional cross-sectional imaging is a rule-in but not a rule-out test. Lymph node dissection should remain the standard during extirpative upper tract urothelial cancer surgery to obtain accurate N-staging. cN+ could be a strong argument for early systemic treatment.

In a recent article by Shanker et al. (2017), the three-parameter Lindley distribution has been studied. The present paper is a continuation of the investigation of the properties of this distribution because of its high flexibility for modeling lifetime data. We studied some statistical properties of this distribution as central tendency measures, dispersion measures, and shape measures. In addition, the mode and the quantile function of the distribution were derived by the authors. The three parameters were estimated by the Maximum Product of Spacing Method (MPS) due to its fame in estimating parameters. A simulation study is carried out to examine the consistency of estimators using mean square error (MSE). The estimators showed that they have the property of consistency because MSEs decrease with increasing the size of the sample. On the practical side, the MPS estimates were used to obtain statistical properties, probability density function (p.d.f), cumulative distribution function (c.d.f), survival function, and hazard function for real data which represents COVID-19 Data in Iraq/Al-Anbar Province. We found the flexibility of the distribution in representing life data and the possibility of getting the patients' probability of death and probability of survival for the time.

Cancer has one of the highest mortality rates globally. The traditional therapies used to treat cancer have harmful adverse effects. Considering these facts, researchers have explored new therapeutic possibilities with enhanced benefits. Nanoparticle development for cancer detection, in addition to therapy, has shown substantial progress over the past few years.Herein, the latest research regarding cancer treatment employing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in chemo-, immuno-, gene-, and radiotherapy along with hyperthermia is summarized, in addition to their physio-chemical features, advantages, and limitations for clinical translation have also been discussed.MNPs are being extensively investigated and developed into effective modules for cancer therapy. They are highly functional tools aimed at cancer therapy owing to their excellent superparamagnetic, chemical, biocompatible, physical, and biodegradable properties.

Nowadays, tourism has emerged as an industry and an opportunity that cannot be neglected. Many countries have accorded proper importance to tourism as a major contributor to the economy. Indeed, it is an effective mechanism for generating national dynamism in different infrastructures and creating new jobs (reducing unemployment rates). M'sila province in general, and Bou Saada city in particular, are known to be an excellent tourist destination. During the colonial period and after the independence, this region has witnessed an important influx of tourists from all over the world. However, the tourism sector in this region is so neglected that the number of arrivals have decreased considerably and have therefore damaged the attractive image of M’sila and Bousaada. This situation requires urgent interventions to revive tourism, and find solutions to all the issues identified.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome (known as Wilkie's syndrome) is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction. It is an acquired disorder in which acute angulation of the SMA causes compression of the third part of the duodenum between the SMA and the aorta. This is commonly due to loss of fatty tissue as a result of a variety of debilitating conditions. We report a 25-year-old male who presented with intermittent abdominal pain and intractable vomiting following significant weight loss, he developed acute high intestinal obstruction, which was diagnosis by a CT scan. This case emphasizes the challenges in the diagnosis of SMA syndrome and the need for increased awareness of this entity. This will improve early recognition in order to reduce irrelevant tests and unnecessary treatments.

Introduction: Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major global health issue. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDRTB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) are particularly concerning. Conventional phenotypic methods being cumbersome and time consuming, molecular assays for the detection of mutations that are associated with resistance to anti-TB drugs have emerged as an important tool for rapid diagnosis. Aims and Objectives: To determine and characterize mutations associated with resistance to second line anti-TB drugs in MDR TB. Methods: First line LPA Conrmed MDR TB and/ or mono rifampicin or mono isoniazid resistant cases were subjected to second line LPA (MTBDRsl ver 2.0 kit)) and banding patterns of resistant cases were obtained. These were then subjected to extended phenotypic DST (Gold Standard) using MGIT 960 for Moxioxacin – 1.0µg/ml, Kanamycin -2.5µg/ml, Capreomycin -2.5µg/ml. Results: The study analysed 1580 samples subjected to SL LPA and found that 37.65% were sensitive to both FQ and SLID. FQ resistance accounted for 60.56% and SLID resistance for 17.02%. Resistance to both seen in 15.15% samples. The most common mutation associated with FQ resistance was gyr A gene at codon D94G, for SLID resistance it was in rrs gene (A1401G) and eis gene (C-12T,G-10A). Conclusion: It was observed that there is a high prevalence (62.34%) of second-line anti-TB drug resistance and mutations in gyrA, gyrB (for FQ), rrs ( for SLID) and eis promoter regions (for low level kanamycin) were signicantly associated with secondline anti-TB drug resistance.

Numerical tools appear to be essential for modeling and designing devices based on superconducting materials. In this article different simulation results are presented, using a computer code based on the finite element method adopted for the resolution of the electromagnetic equations, in the case of an axisymmetric two-dimensional problem, with this code we study the variations of the different electromagnetic quantities. The second generation superconductor has been modeled as an interesting diamagnetic material as inductive pulse sources. The performance in magnetic field resistance, energy storage and thermal stability of the ribbon, known as YBCO, makes it possible to broaden its field of application. Two categories of machines have been proposed and analyzed, the first is classic and the second uses a superconducting ribbon. In addition, a comparative study between the two proposed models is carried out and the results are analyzed and discussed.

Self-Compacting Concretes (SCCs) have brought promising insight into the concrete industry to generate environmental impact and reduce costs. the absence of SCC vibrations generates a significant reduction in noise pollution in urban areas, ease of implementation, possibility of concreting heavily reinforced areas or areas with complex geometry and obtaining better quality concrete on the one hand, reduction of working time on site, of personnel during installation and reduction of the costs of industrial processes, on the other hand. Metal chips resulting from the modification of metal parts obtained by turning present problems of environmental pollution and storage. The recycling of this waste in the construction industry is an adequate solution for the production of concrete and can improve some of its properties. An experimental study to study the properties of SCC containing metal shavings with the study of the properties of SCC in the fresh state: flow, L-box and sieve stability. Properties in the hardened state of concretes: compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The metal waste in the form of shavings, incorporated in a dosage of 0.5% of concrete volume in the mixtures of SCCs produced, which makes it possible to evaluate the effect of the addition of metal shavings on the characteristics of SCCs in the state fresh and hardened and to recover metal waste, the results confirm the advantage of adding metal shavings in the fresh state the SCCs studied keep their characteristics of self-plasticity, in the hardened state the results show an improvement in the compressive strength of the SCCs studied.

In this paper, we focus on the numerical solution of a nonlinear Volterra equation of the first kind. The existence and uniqueness of the exact solution is ensured under a necessary condition which we present next. We develop a numerical method based on two essential parts which are linearization and discretization. We start with the discretization of the equations using the concept of Nystrom's method and for the linearization we apply Newton's method. We present theorems that show the convergence of the proposed method. At the end, numerical examples are presented to show the eficiency of our method.

An approach for Volterra- Fredholm integro-differential equations using appropriate fixed point theorems of existence, uniqueness is presented. The approximation of the solution is performed using Nystrom method in conjunction with successive approximations algorithm. Finally, we give a numerical example, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method with respect to the analytical study.

The alkali-activated materials prepared by activation of glass powder (GP) and brick waste (BW) on the porosity and absorption of geopolymer paste by alkaline solution (alkali + water glass) were investigated. The effect of the combination of GP and BW on the porosity and absorption of the prepared geopolymer paste was monitored and evaluated by both laboratory and analytical methods. In this paper, three mortars were made with two sources of geopolymer containing 100% BW and 100% GP and blended with 90% GP and 10% BW replacements by mass. The compressive strength, porosity, and absorption of alkali-activated mortar were concurrently examined. Furthermore, the laboratory results obtained were estimated by the general full factorial design method. Finally, the analysis of variance was performed using the test results to analyze the importance of the effect factors and their interactions on the selected responses. The results concluded that mortar activated combined with 10% BW and 90% GP could be utilized in the industry of construction with minimum pollution problems and environment-friendly building materials, with the effect variables significantly affecting the responses.

This work studies the issue of quadrotor trajectory tracking control in presence of disturbances and model uncertainties. The paper starts by extracting the kinematics and dynamics models of the quadrotor. This results in the motion equations, which eventually serve as a blueprint for creating the suggested smart flight control scheme. Secondly, an enhanced backstepping controller (BSC) is developed and tested to keep the quadrotor tracking the desired trajectory both in steady state and in presence of disturbances. Finally, BSC beside two other controllers: sliding mode controller (SMC) and proportional derivative controller (PDC) are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and the obtained results are compared and conclusions are extracted. Therefore, it is established that PDC is not robust to disturbances as noise will be amplified due to the derivative term. Whereas, although SMC is robust to parameter variations and disturbances; however, it is not continuous which may affect the actuators due to the increased gains which may saturate them. In contrast, BSC requires too many tuning parameters; however, it ensures Lyapunov Stability and does not depend on the system as it does not involve cancelling system nonlinearity. Moreover, BSC results are 1017 better than the results of the two other controllers.

Statement of the problem. The Algerian building sector is responsible for over 40 % of global final consumption and nearly 35 % of the total CO2 emissions. At the same time the energy demand from buildings continues to rise, for this reason in 2016 the Algerian government launched a new version of thermal regulation for buildings. This regulation replaces the thermal ones of 1997 and 2011 introducing more stringent measurement of thermal insulation in order to decrease the high consumption. Overall, this RT2016 aims at reducing the energy consumption in Algerian buildings. This version imposes the requirements for insulation of the envelope, heating and cooling demand, and windows configuration. The window performance is important to the energy consumption in the building; the façade openings have a great impact of the overall energy consumption. The present research investigates the effect of orientation and façades openness and glazing type on global energy consumption in an Algerian building with a different scenario by using TRNSYS software version 16. A series of simulations has been performed in order to establish the optimal window configuration in terms of area orientation and glazing type. This study aims to address the gap between the requirement in the thermal regulation version and the optimal case through a case study for an Algerian building. Results. The methodology is demonstrated by means of a building case. In the first case we calculated the energy demand for heating and cooling based on the window performance standards in the thermal regulation 2016, in the second one we defined the optimal window by TRNSYS simulation which corresponds to the best window design.

In response to a surge of drug overdoses involving polysubstance use among Atlanta service industry workers that resulted in the deaths of five people in the Atlanta area in the summer of 2021, a local community of harm reductionists and nurses organized opioid education and naloxone distribution (OEND) training sessions specifically customized for service industry workers in Atlanta. After the sessions, the nurses and harm reductionists asked attendants to participate in a study concerning their response to overdoses. The reason nurses and harm reductionists conducted the study was to determine the efficacy of OEND training adapted for those working in the service industries as well as to evaluate and possibly modify the training sessions for future use. This pre-post study examined if and how participants' knowledge and attitudes toward an opioid-involved overdose changed after engaging with the OEND training. If the study determined that the sessions were successful in teaching service industry workers how to mitigate the immediate and devastating effects of overdose, we recommend expanding and implementing both adaptable training sessions like the OEND training referenced, as well as accompanying studies to improve the training sessions' effectiveness.The pre-post study used convenience sampling to recruit participants in emergent OEND training. Participants completed an abbreviated version the Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS) which measured how, and to what degree, they changed their attitudes towards overdoses and their responses to them. Participants also completed an abbreviated version of the Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) which measured how effectively the OEND increased their knowledge when it came to properly responding to an overdose, which included implementing naloxone as part of immediate rehabilitation treatment. Paired nonparametric tests assessed changes in participants' OOAS/OOKS scores.A total of 161 individuals attended, and 72 consented to be in the study. The sample predominately consisted of white (76.4%) and female (66.7%) adults whose age averaged 34.3 years. Attitude and knowledge score improvements were statistically significant: approximately 11 points (p .001) and 3 points (p .001), respectively.This rapidly implemented training was associated with improving attitudes and knowledge about responding to an opioid-involved overdose. We recommend expanding the scope of studies like these in order to develop and examine effective, dynamic, and targeted OEND training tailored towards specific community groups and situations, such as polysubstance overdose among service industry workers. As the opioid epidemic worsens, it is critical to equip community members themselves with the skills and tools to recognize and respond to opioid overdoses as a frontline prevention to overdose deaths.

The study was conducted on the topic “Studies on Physico-chemical Analysis of Basundi Blended with Dried Anjeer.” The different levels of dried anjeer 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent were tried in buffalo milk basundi. The requisite samples of basundi with different treatments were subjected for proximate analysis viz. fat, protein, Carbohydrate, moisture, total solid, sucrose and ash. The results obtained were statistically analyzed by using completely randomized design It was observed that addition of Dried Anjeer in basundi decreased (PH 6.40-6.04), (acidity 0.46-0.52), (moisture 56.38 to 47.75 per cent), (fat 12.05 to 10.85 per cent) and increased (protein 8.30 to 9.05 per cent), (ash 1.70 to 2.22 per cent), (carbohydrate 21.09 to 30.64 per cent), (viscosity 59.34-75.61), and (total solid 43.69 to 52.24 per cent) content significantly in treated product(T2,T3,T4 and T5) as compared to control (T1).

The study was conducted on the topic “Studies on Sensory Analysis of Basundi Blended with Dried Anjeer.” The different levels of dried anjeer 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent were tried in buffalo milk basundi. The product obtained was subjected for organoleptic evaluation by panel of judges. It was observed that the flavour score for treatment T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 7.77, 8.07, 8.35, 7.15 and 7.00 respectively. Colour and Appearance was 8.03, 7.88, 8.42, 7.52 and 7.02, respectively. Body and texture was 7.72, 8.02, 8.20, 7.13 and 6.97, respectively. Overall acceptability score was 7.84, 7.99, 8.32 and 7.39 and 6.99 respectively for T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4. It was clear that the level of 7.5 dried anjeer crush have highest overall acceptability.

Tourism is a vital economic resource that can’t be excluded from government economic policies. In many countries, tourism is one of the most important sources of income for the local economy. In addition, urban development specialists consider tourism as a factor activating the city' s urban dynamics, through the creation of new income sources, i.e. the support of urban economy and the development of infrastructures, the creation of specific and quality local services, the establishment and structuring of broad social and cultural relations, etc. The province of M'sila and the city of Bousaada became a known tourist destination that counts high tourist numbers every year since the French occupation. Consequently, it is necessary to understand and identify the tourism reality of this city to assess its current situation. The diagnosis is based on the inventory and evaluation of the various sites and tourist attractions available, both natural and archaeological.

In the field of optimizing wind system control approaches and enhancing the quality of electricity generated on the grid, this research makes a fresh addition. The Sliding Mode Control (SMC) technique produces some fairly intriguing outcomes, but it has a severe flaw in the oscillations (phenomenon of reluctance: chattering) that diminish the system’s efficiency. In this paper, an AST (adaptive super twisting) approach is proposed to control the wind energy conversion system of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), which is connected to the electrical system via two converters (grid-side and machine-side) and a capacitor serves as a DC link between them. This research seeks to regulate the generator and grid-side converter to monitor the wind rate reference given by the MPPT technique in order to eliminate the occurrence of the chattering phenomenon. With the help of this approach, precision and stability flaws will be resolved, and the wind system will perform significantly better in terms of productivity. To evaluate the performance of each control in terms of reference tracking, response time, stability, and the quality of the signal sent to the network under different wind conditions, a detailed description of the individual controls is given, preceded by a simulation in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation study validates the control method and demonstrates that the AST control based on the Lyapunov stability theory provides excellent THD and power factor results. This work is completed by a comparative analysis of the other commands to identify the effect on the PMSG wind energy conversion system.

L'analytique d'apprentissage a été abordé sous de nombreux angles. Cependant, sa pratique dans l'enseignement supérieur n'a pas été très fructueux. Cela indique clairement la nécessité de repenser non seulement les objectifs qui peuvent être atteints à l'aide de l'analytique d'apprentissage, mais également ce qui doit être fait pour atteindre ces objectifs. Pour cela, une revue systématique de la littérature a été réalisée afin de donner un aperçu des objectifs et de la manière d'utiliser les résultats des analytiques d’apprentissage. Les résultats de l'examen ont conclu que l'analytique d'apprentissage sont utilisés à diverses fins: pour prédire le rendement des étudiants, pour augmenter leur rendement et pour évaluer leur apprentissage. Les résultats de l'examen ont conclu également que les résultats d’analytique d'apprentissage sont utilisés de différentes façons: comme guide, et outil cohérent avec l'objectif pédagogique de l'enseignant., Revue Marocaine de l’Évaluation et de la Recherche Educative, Vol. 9, No 9 (2023): Softs Skills, Professionnalisation, Orientation et outils de mesure.

Cet article vise, d'une part, à passer en revue les méthodes, algorithmes et variables les plus couramment utilisés dans l'analytique de l'apprentissage pour la prédiction des performances et, d'autre part, à identifier les activités alignées menées par les enseignants à travers cette méthode. Par conséquent, nous passons en revue la littérature de recherche sur l'analytique de l'apprentissage à des fins prédictives au cours de la dernière décennie. Les résultats ont conclu que les algorithmes prédictifs les plus couramment utilisés sont les algorithmes de classification : Random Forests, Support Vector Machines et Naive Bayes. Les variables prédictives utilisées sont liées à l'évaluation de l'apprenant. Les résultats ont également conclu que le rôle le plus important des enseignants dans cette approche est d'identifier et d'intervenir lorsque les apprenants sont considérés comme à risque., Revue Marocaine de l’Évaluation et de la Recherche Educative, Vol. 9, No 9 (2023): Softs Skills, Professionnalisation, Orientation et outils de mesure.

International audience; Metazoan promoters are enriched in secondary DNA structure-forming motifs, such as G-quadruplexes (G4s). Here we describe ‘G4access’, an approach to isolate and sequence G4s associated with open chromatin via nuclease digestion. G4access is antibody- and crosslinking-independent and enriches for computationally predicted G4s (pG4s), most of which are confirmed in vitro. Using G4access in human and mouse cells, we identify cell-type-specific G4 enrichment correlated with nucleosome exclusion and promoter transcription. G4access allows measurement of variations in G4 repertoire usage following G4 ligand treatment, HDAC and G4 helicases inhibitors. Applying G4access to cells from reciprocal hybrid mouse crosses suggests a role for G4s in the control of active imprinting regions. Consistently, we also observed that G4access peaks are unmethylated, while methylation at pG4s correlates with nucleosome repositioning on DNA. Overall, our study provides a new tool for studying G4s in cellular dynamics and highlights their association with open chromatin, transcription and their antagonism to DNA methylation.

Soil erosion is one of the problems threatening the Algerian environment. In agriculture, soil erosion leads to the thinning of the topsoil under the effect of the natural erosive forces of water, or under the effect of agricultural activities. The present study aims to estimate average soil loss rate and to identify vulnerable zones. Through the integration of RUSLE model at the Saf Saf watershed, various parameters are utilized such as the rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope length - slope factor (LS), crop management factor (C) and practice management factor (P). All these parameters are prepared and processed through a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing using various database sources. The results reveal that the river basin has an average annual soil loss of 3.9 t ha−1 yr−1, and annual soil loss of 4.53 million tonnes for the period 1975-2017. Meanwhile, eighty five percent of the study area is experiencing acceptable rate of soil erosion loss, which is ranging between 0 to 5 t ha−1 yr−1. The present study of risk assessment can contribute to understand the spatial pattern of soil erosion in order to use appropriate conservation practices for sustainable soil management.

Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışmada Ait Baamrane bölgesinin vasküler florasını kıyıdan kıtaya doğru karakterize etmek ve analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanı: Ait Baâmrane bölgesi Güney-orta Fas'ta yer almaktadır. Atlantik Okyanusu, Kanarya Adaları ve Sahra-öncesi'nin yakınında bulunan konumu, onu geniş bir doğal alanın ayırt edildiği, iyi tanımlanmış bir coğrafi varlık haline getirir. Materyal ve yöntem: Flora, kendine özgü zenginlik, endemizm ve koruma durumu ile karakterize edildi. Ayrıca bitki çeşitliliği Shannon çeşitliliği, Evenness, Disturbance ve Jaccard benzerlik indeksleri ile değerlendirilmiş ve ayrıca bitki fonksiyonel grubu üç coğrafi bölgede tanımlanmıştır; kıyı bölgesi (A), plato bölgesi (B) ve kıta bölgesi (C). Temel sonuçlar: İncelenen alan 281 damarlı tür ve alt tür ile önemli bir floristik zenginliği ön plana çıkarmıştır. Terofitler en çok temsil edilenlerdir (%43.42). Endemik flora, envanteri yapılan tüm türlerin %21.35'ini temsil etmiştir. Tehdit altındaki türlerin oranı ile ilgili olarak, envanteri yapılan floranın %7'si tehdit altında, %11'i ise Tehdit altına girebilir kategorisindedir. Çeşitlilik parametreleri kıtasallık durumuna göre değişir. Araştırma vurguları: İncelenen bölge florası ve endemik türleri açısından oldukça çeşitlidir. Bu çeşitlilik, bölgenin küresel konumu ve geçmişte ve şimdiki belirli ekolojik koşulları ile bağlantılıdır.

In this article, we consider a fractional S E I R model, denoted by the S E I Q H R model, which aims to predict the outbreak of infectious diseases in general. In particular, we study the spread of COVID-19. The fractional order offers a flexible, appropriate, and reliable framework for pandemic growth characterization. Firstly, we analyze some elementary results of the model (boundedness and uniqueness of solutions). In addition, we establish certain conditions to ensure the local stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points. Based on analytical and numerical results, we conclude that coronavirus infection (COVID-19) remains endemic, which requires long-term prevention and intervention strategies.

Tetraclinis articulata is a forest plant species that is widely used in North African folk medicine due to its immense bioactive potential. The objective of the present study was to characterize flavonoids present in butanolic extract of aerial part of T. articulata (TABE) and to test its antibacterial synergistic effect, anticoagulant and antioxidant properties. The analysis of the TABE by colorimetric tests and TLC revealed the presence of flavonoids. The dosage showed that the proportions of total flavonoids and flavonols were 19.25 ± 0.07 and 13.6 ± 1.6 mg QE/g DW, respectively. Besides, the greatest antibacterial activity of the extract was shown against S. aureus. In contrast no effect was observed against E. coli. Furthermore, the most synergistic potential inhibitory effect was noted in the case of E. coli, when the extract was combined with penicillin. In addition, the MICs was determined used microdilution method, the values obtained were ranged from 2.5 to 20 mg/ml. Moreover, the in vitro anticoagulant activity was assessed by PT and KCT tests. The results showed interesting anticoagulant activity, with KCT value of 55.4 s which is superior to that obtained by the anticoagulant drug –Lovenox- (39.37s). The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using DPPH• method. The result expressed in terms of IC50 was found to be 0.04 mg/ml. To conclude, the TABE constitutes a valuable source of anticoagulant, antioxidant and antibacterial synergism metabolites, which makes it a potential candidate to isolate responsible flavonoids and to develop novel pharmaceutical formulations.

The use of Internet key exchange protocols in IP Security architecture and in IoT environments has vulnerabilities against various malicious attacks and affects communication efficiency. To address these weaknesses, we propose a novel efficient and secure Internet key exchange protocol (ESIKE), which achieves a high level of security along with low computational cost and energy consumption. ESIKE achieves perfect forward secrecy, anonymity, known-key security and untraceability properties. ESIKE can resist several attacks, such as, replay, DoS, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle and modification. In addition, the formal security validation using AVISPA tools confirms the superiority of ESIKE in terms of security.