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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) present significant efficacy in the treatment of malignant tumors, and they have been approved as the first-line of treatment for various cancers. Pembrolizumab monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy has been recommended by domestic and foreign guidelines for the first-line treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Although ICIs represent a milestone in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, potential problems still need to be addressed, such as the selection of the efficacy predictors for ICIs, the evaluation of the tumor response to ICIs, and the treatment of immune hyperprogression and immune-related adverse events. Therefore, to form a relatively unified understanding of ICIs treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, we integrated the clinical experience of multi-disciplinary experts of head and neck cancers on the basis of current clinical hot issues and finally developed this consensus.

External apical root resorption is among the most common risks of orthodontic treatment, and it cannot be completely avoided and predicted. Risk factors causing orthodontic root resorption can generally be divided into patient- and treatment-related factors. Root resorption that occurs during orthodontic treatment is usually detected by radiographical examination. Mild or moderate root absorption usually does no obvious harm, but close attention is required. When severe root resorption occurs, it is generally recommended to suspend the treatment for 3 months for the cementum to be restored. To unify the risk factors of orthodontic root resorption and its clinical suggestions, we summarized the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of more than 20 authoritative experts in orthodontics and related fields in China. After discussion and summarization, this consensus was made to provide reference for orthodontic clinical practice.根尖区牙根外吸收（EARR）是口腔正畸治疗中最常见的风险之一，难以预测，且不能完全避免。正畸EARR的风险因素目前尚不明确，一般可分为患者相关因素和治疗相关因素。正畸治疗中发生的EARR通常可在影像学检查时发现。轻、中度EARR通常无明显危害，可密切关注，谨慎正畸；若发生重度EARR，则建议先暂停正畸加力，观察3个月，等待牙骨质的修复。为进一步规范和提高临床医生对正畸EARR的认识，本文邀请了全国20余位口腔正畸及相关领域专家，基于文献分析与讨论，制定出此共识，为正畸临床提供参考。.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common and refractory disease in the clinic. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood, it is believed to be closely related to the interruption of intra-bone circulation and eventual bone tissue death. The prevention and treatment of ONFH is always a great challenge for orthopedists. The diagnostic level of ONFH has been continuously improved with the development of imaging techniques such as MRI and the in-depth understanding of the disease in recent years.There are many treatment methods for ONFH, which are generally considered individually and comprehensively according to factors such as the patient's age, osteonecrosis stage, classification, and compliance with joint-sparing treatment. There is currently no unified standard. ONFH staging and classification play an important reference value for doctors to choose treatment options. In recent years, based on the characteristics of ONFH in Chinese people, the academic community has proposed Chinese staging and China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CJFH) classification. The consensus also introduces them together with the international Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging to provide guidance for individualized treatment of ONFH. In order to further standardize the diagnosis of ONFH and expand the treatment of ONFH, the Association Related to Circulation Osseous, Chinese Microcirculation Society (CSM-ARCO) organized domestic experts in the field of ONFH to jointly formulate the expert consensus, in order to provide reference for the standardized diagnosis of ONFH and the selection of individualized diagnosis and treatment techniques.股骨头坏死（osteonecrosis of the femoral head，ONFH）是临床常见难治性疾病。该病确切病理生理机制尚不完全清楚，普遍认为与骨内循环中断和最终骨组织死亡紧密相关。ONFH的预防和治疗一直是临床骨科医生面临的巨大挑战。其诊断水平随着MRI等影像技术的发展和近年来对疾病的深入认识而不断提高。目前临床治疗方法众多，一般根据患者年龄，骨坏死分期、分型，以及对保留关节治疗的依从性等因素个体化综合考虑，目前尚未达成统一的专家意见。其中，ONFH分期、分型对术者选择治疗方案具有重要参考价值，近年来结合国人ONFH发病特点，学界提出了中国分期、中日友好医院（CJFH）分型，此共识也将其与国际骨循环研究协会（ARCO）分期共同引入，为ONFH个体化治疗提供指导。中国微循环学会骨微循环专业委员会组织国内ONFH领域的专家，共同制定《股骨头坏死临床诊疗技术专家共识（2022年）》，以期为ONFH的规范诊断和个体化治疗技术选择提供一定参考意见。.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a new generation of artificial ligaments (NGAL) gained popularity in China owing to its good effectiveness and early functional recovery, but iatrogenic surgical failures and preconceived misconceptions have seriously affected its standardized clinical application. A specialist consensus is now developed to provide guidance and reference for orthopaedic sports medicine doctors when adopting or considering the NGAL for ACL reconstruction.The consensus on the core techniques and adverse events in ACL reconstruction using the NGAL was developed by a modified Delphi method, referring exclusively to the NGAL for ACL reconstruction approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). Consensus specialists were selected from the members of the Chinese Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (CAOS) and the Chinese Society of Sports Medicine (CSSM). The drafting team summarized the draft consensus terms based on medical evidence and organized rounds of investigation: two rounds of online questionnaire investigation and the final round of face-to-face meeting. After discussion, revision, and voting, a consensus on the draft consensus term was reached when the agreement rate exceeded 85%. The consensus terms were categorized as "strong" (agreement rate: 95.0%-100%), "moderate" (agreement rate: 90.0%-94.9%), and "basic" (agreement rate: 85.0%-89.9%).Thirty-one specialists completed the questionnaire investigation. They all practiced in university teaching hospitals (Grade-A tertiary hospitals) from 16 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China. Among them, 28 were chief physicians and 3 were associate chief physicians; 22 were professors and 7 were associate professors; the average seniority in orthopedic sports medicine was 25.2 years (range, 12-40 years); the average seniority in performing ACL reconstruction procedures was 13.2 years (range, 7-23 years); in terms of the number of ACL reconstruction using the NGAL, 18 completed more than 100 cases, of which 6 had more than 300 cases; in terms of research, 28 had published more than 1 related paper in the past 5 years, of which 13 had published more than 3 related papers. Twenty-six specialists attended the face-to-face meeting and reached a consensus on 9 terms, including 8 strong terms and 1 moderate term.ACL reconstruction using the NGAL must deploy "isometric" or "near-isometric" reconstruction and should preserve the natural ACL remnants as much as possible. Bone tunnel positioning can be performed using intraoperative radiographic measurements or the lateral femoral intercondylar ridge as reference marks. Incorrect positioning of the bone tunnel is the main reason of surgical failure, and there is a lack of consensus on handling interference screws during revision. Bone tunnel enlargement exists after reconstruction but rarely causes related symptoms. Synovitis and infection are uncommon complications. The aging effect of polyethylene terephthalate fiber on the long-term clinical outcomes is unknown and deserves attention.新一代人工韧带（a new generation of artificial ligaments，NGAL）重建前十字韧带（anterior cruciate ligament，ACL）凭借良好的临床疗效和早期功能恢复优势在中国获得一定范围应用，但医源性因素导致的手术失败和先入为主的错误观念严重影响其规范化临床应用。现通过制订专家共识，为骨科运动医学专科医生在采用或考虑采用NGAL重建ACL时提供指导和参考。.采用改良Delphi法制订NGAL重建ACL的关键技术和不良事件的中国专家共识，仅涉及国家药品监督管理局（NMPA）批准用于ACL重建的NGAL。共识专家遴选自中国医师协会骨科医师分会和中华医学会运动医疗分会成员。共识起草小组在医学证据基础上归纳共识条款草案并组织轮回调查：两轮在线问卷调查和一轮面对面会议。条款草案经讨论、修改和投票，赞成率达85%视为达成共识。共识条款分“高度”（赞成率95.0%～100%）、“普遍”（赞成率90.0%～94.9%）、“基本”（赞成率85.0%～89.9%）三级。.来自全国16个省、自治区、直辖市大学教学医院（三级甲等医院）的31名专家完成问卷调查，其中主任医师28名、副主任医师3名；正教授22名、副教授7名；从事骨科运动医学12～40 年，平均25.2年；开展ACL重建术7～23年，平均13.2年；完成NGAL重建ACL手术量，18名专家达100例以上，其中6名超过300例；科研工作方面，28名专家近5年内发表1篇以上相关论文， 其中13名发表论文3篇以上。26名专家出席面对面会议，就9项条款草案达成共识，包括8项高度共识条款和1项普遍共识条款。.采用NGAL重建ACL必须采用“等长”或“类等长”重建，并尽可能保留天然ACL残端。骨隧道定位可采用术中X线测量定位，也可参照股骨外侧髁间嵴骨性标志。骨隧道定位错误是手术失败主要原因，翻修时对挤压螺钉的处理缺乏共识。重建术后存在骨隧道扩大现象，但很少引起相应症状。滑膜炎和感染是重建术偶见并发症。制备NGAL的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维老化对远期临床疗效的影响尚未明确，值得关注。.

Although the current technical systems of orthodontic tooth movement are practically mature, a noticeable gap still exists between the overall treatment results and the expectations. According to literature review, orthodontic tooth movement involves three core scientific issues, i.e., position objective, efficiency, and accuracy. Research concerning these three issues is the key to further improve orthodontic treatment outcomes and promote progress of the subject orthodontics.

Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE).This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE.This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively.Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.【中文题目：非小细胞肺癌围手术期免疫治疗 相关不良反应管理的临床诊疗建议】 【中文摘要：背景与目的 肺癌围手术期治疗（术前新辅助治疗及术后辅助治疗）作为手术的重要辅助手段，已成为非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）全程管理中越来越重要的环节。近年来，小规模临床研究发现免疫新辅助治疗主要病理缓解率明显提升，甚至达到完全病理缓解，有望成为NSCLC治疗的重要组成部分。然而，免疫新辅助治疗带来疗效和生存获益，同时，其相关严重不良反应（延误手术、丧失手术机会、死亡等）备受关注。本诊疗建议目的是针对免疫检查点抑制剂相关不良反应（immune-related adverse event, irAE）形成适合国内医疗现状的诊疗方案。方法 本文由胸外科专家、肿瘤学专家、胸内科专家以及irAE相关科室专家（消化内科、呼吸内科、心血管内科、感染内科、血液内科、内分泌科、风湿免疫科、神经内科、皮肤科和急诊科）共同完成本诊疗意见的制定工作。专家充分参考irAE指南、胸外科公开发表的大型临床研究数据以及国内医生的临床实战经验和公开发表个案，多学科反复讨论，形成针对围手术期免疫治疗相关不良反应的诊疗建议。结果 本诊疗意见涵盖irAE相关的预防、评估、检查、治疗和监测全过程，以便全面、有效的指导临床工作。结论 围手术期irAE管理是肺癌免疫围手术期治疗的重要组成部分，随着免疫围手术期治疗的不断发展，未来需要更多的研究，以优化围手术irAE的诊疗。 】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；围手术期免疫治疗；免疫相关不良事件；诊疗建议】.

The mixed dentition stage is the period between primary and permanent dentition. The following biological processes are complicated and variable: jaw growth, development of inherited permanent teeth embryo, physiological absorption of primary teeth, restoration of surrounding alveolar bones, and growth and function establishment of soft tissues. For the normal development of the jaw, the establishment of the good occlusion relationship, development, and function of soft tissue is very important, whether or not the primary teeth are normally replaced by the permanent teeth in the mixed dentition stage. The eruption space is linked to the normal replacement of primary and permanent teeth. The presence of a mixed dentition space results in the incidence and progression of malocclusion and impacts the normal growth and development of the occlusion, jaw, and face. Space management in the mixed dentition stage is a crucial means to prevent and reduce malocclusion. The following were discussed and analyzed: the possible space problems, why the size of the space was affected, the content that needs to be assessed, and the methods of space management in the mixed dentition that can be used to unify and standardize the management of mixed dentition. This paper was developed to serve as a guide for regulated space management during the mixed dentition period.

Thromboembolic diseases, which comprise venous thromboembolic diseases and arterial thromboembolic diseases, have become the number one cause of death worldwide. To prevent or treat thrombosis, patients with thromboembolic diseases need to take antithrombotic drugs, which would increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. Tooth extraction is the most common operation in oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics. Although patients given oral antithrombotic drugs do not need to undergo drug withdrawal, the perioperative management of such patients remains confusing to most clinicians. Moreover, the potential risk factors for bleeding warrant further study. To improve the clinicians' knowledge of perioperative management for patients subjected to tooth extractions with oral antithrombotic drugs, experts have drafted this consensus focusing on preoperative bleeding risk assessment, intraoperative operating norms, and postoperative care to summarize the points needing attention.

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is a versatile orthognathic procedure for correcting mandibular deformities. Various complications can possibly occur when performing SSRO, and it can even cause serious adverse consequences because of the complexity of anatomy and operative procedures. The types of complications and their accompanying clinical manifestations are closely related to the choice of diagnosis and treatment strategies and clinical outcomes. To discuss the causes, prevention, and treatment measures of various common complications of SSRO, domestic orthognathic surgery experts prepared this consensus to increase the awareness of SSRO complications, thereby ensuring safe surgical procedure and good results.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer. The systemic antitumor therapy of advanced NSCLC has undergone renovations of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which results in greatly improved survival for patients with advanced NSCLC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), has changed the treatment paradigm of NSCLC. ICIs have become the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC without epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutation or anaplastic lymphomakinase(ALK) translocation in the first- or second-line setting, and for locally advanced NSCLC following concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ICIs are also promising in adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy. More and more ICIs have been approved domestically for the treatment of NSCLC. Led by the NSCLC expert committee of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), this consensus was developed and updated based on thoroughly reviewing domestic and foreign literatures, clinical trial data, systematic reviews, experts' discussion and the consensus(2019 version). This consensus will aid domestic clinicians in the treatment of NSCLC with ICIs. .【中文题目：中国非小细胞肺癌免疫检查点抑制剂治疗 专家共识（2020年版）】 【中文摘要：非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）是肺癌最常见的病理类型。晚期NSCLC的系统性抗肿瘤治疗经历了化疗、靶向治疗及免疫治疗的变革，患者总体生存时间不断延长。免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs），尤其是程序性死亡分子-1（programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1）/程序性死亡分子配体-1（programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1）抗体已成为表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）/间变性淋巴瘤激酶（anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK）阴性晚期NSCLC一线及二线的标准治疗和局部晚期NSCLC同步放化疗后标准治疗，并在辅助/新辅助治疗中显示出可喜的结果，改变了NSCLC整体治疗格局。随着越来越多的ICIs在国内获批肺癌适应证，中国临床肿瘤学会（Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, CSCO）NSCLC专家委员会牵头，组织该领域的专家，结合2019年版专家共识，参考最新国内外文献、临床研究数据及系统评价，在专家共同讨论的基础上，达成统一意见并制定、更新本共识，为国内同行更好地应用ICIs治疗NSCLC提供参考意见。 】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；免疫治疗；程序性死亡分子-1/程序性死亡分子配体-1；专家共识】.

In esthetic rehabilitation, methods used to enhance the margin quality have always been the focus and difficulty of improving the level of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and treatment of complications, and collaboration between clinicians and technicians. However, it is impeded by the ambiguous definition and classification of margin, unstandardized tooth preparation, manufacturing process of restoration, and lack of reliable means of checking the quantitative requirements of preparation or restoration. The digital technologies that are increasingly applied, such as intra-oral scanner, impression scanner, and computerized numerical control cutting machine, have strict requirements about margin quality. Failure of recognizing margins by these scanners will hinder the digital process of diagnosis and treatment. Even if these sharp and narrow margins are successfully scanned, they cannot be milled accurately. To overcome these problems, this article demonstrated the clear and complete definition of preparation margin and restoration margin, as well as their subclassifications, by analyzing the target restoration space from a geometric perspective. Practical approaches to measuring the margin width and inspecting the margin quality were proposed. The new and full understanding and proposal about preparation margin and restoration margin characterized by measurements will effectively support the thoroughly digitalized process of esthetic rehabilitation using porcelain in fixed prosthodontics, which is based on the guidance of values.

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibody. It has brought significant survival benefits to some patients with advanced lung cancer and changed the treatment pattern of advanced lung cancer. Previous studies have shown that the objective response rate of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is only about 20%. So reliable biomarkers are urgently needed to screen out the potential benefit population of ICIs and improve the clinical response rate. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an emerging biomarker of immunotherapy in addition to PD-L1 expression. There is little correlation between PD-L1 expression and TMB in lung cancer. It is estimated that TMB can expand the benefit population of immunotherapy. However, in clinical practice, the detection of TMB, the determination of cut-off value and the clinical guidance strategy are still not standardized. This consensus will give guiding suggestions on the detection and application scenarios of TMB, so as to promote the standardization of TMB application for immunotherapy in lung cancer. .【中文题目：肿瘤突变负荷应用于肺癌免疫治疗的专家共识】 【中文摘要：肺癌是全球范围内发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs），包括程序性死亡受体1（programmed cell death 1, PD-1）抗体、程序性死亡受体1配体（programmed cell death ligand 1, PD-L1）抗体和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4（cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, CTLA-4）抗体，给部分晚期肺癌患者带来了显著的生存获益，改变了晚期肺癌的治疗格局。既往研究表明，PD-1/PD-L1抗体在晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）中的客观缓解率只有20%左右。所以临床亟需可靠的生物标志物协助筛选ICIs潜在获益人群，提高治疗响应率。肿瘤突变负荷（tumor mutational burden, TMB）是除PD-L1表达以外新兴的免疫治疗标志物。肺癌中PD-L1表达与TMB的相关性不大，评估TMB可扩大免疫治疗的获益人群。然而在临床实践中，TMB的检测、阈值的确定和临床指导策略仍然没有形成规范。本共识将对TMB检测和应用场景给出指导性建议，以促进TMB在肺癌免疫治疗中应用的规范化。 】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；免疫治疗；免疫检查点抑制剂；肿瘤突变负荷；专家共识】.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene, as a tumor driver gene, was crucial for the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, targeted ALK fusion gene has become the main treatment method for ALK-positive NSCLC. The first and second generation ALK inhibitors (ALKi), such as crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib and ensartinib have been approved in China. However, there was no guidance for the management of ALKi adverse reactions. Therefore, this "Recommendations from experts in the management of adverse reactions to ALK inhibitors (2021 version)" has been summarized, led by Lung Cancer Professional Committee of Sichuan Cancer Society and Sichuan Medical Quality Control Center for Tumor Diseases, to provide practical and feasible strategies for clinical ALKi management specification of adverse reactions. .【中文题目：间变性淋巴瘤激酶抑制剂不良反应管理 西南专家建议（2021年版）】 【中文摘要：间变性淋巴瘤激酶（anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK）融合基因作为肿瘤驱动基因，对非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）的发生和发展至关重要，而靶向ALK融合基因已成为ALK阳性NSCLC患者的主要治疗手段。第一、二代ALK抑制剂（ALK inhibitor, ALKi）克唑替尼、塞瑞替尼、阿来替尼、恩沙替尼已在中国上市并广泛应用。然而，针对ALKi不良反应尚无统一的管理指导规范，在一定程度上降低甚至限制了ALKi的临床使用及患者获益。本文由四川省肿瘤学会肺癌专业委员会及四川省肿瘤性疾病医疗质量控制中心牵头，针对国内已经获批上市的ALKi，参考国内外临床研究和相关文献，并结合专家实践经验，总结出《ALKi不良反应管理专家建议（2021年版）》，以期为临床提供切实可行的ALKi不良反应的管理策略。 】 【中文关键词：间变性淋巴瘤激酶抑制剂；肺肿瘤；不良反应；专家建议】.

Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is a novel type of bronchoscopy based on electromagnetic positioning technique combined with virtual bronchoscopy, three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging and respiratory gating technique, which has been widely applied in clinic practice. In recent years, the domestic electromagnetic navigation system has also been developed rapidly, and its effectiveness and safety in the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of peripheral pulmonary lesions have been initially verified. In order to optimize and standardize the technical specifications of domestic ENB and guide its application in clinical practice, the consensus statement has been organized and written in a collaborative effort by the Professional Committee on Respiratory Equipment Technology of Chinese Medical Equipment Association and the Expert Group on Technical of Domestic Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy. .【中文题目：国产电磁导航支气管镜系统引导下诊断、 定位和治疗技术规范专家共识（2021版）】 【中文摘要：电磁导航支气管镜（electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy, ENB）是以电磁定位技术为基础，结合虚拟支气管镜、三维计算机断层扫描（computed tomography, CT）成像和呼吸门控技术的新型支气管镜检查手段，该技术已在临床中广泛应用。近年来，国产电磁导航系统也得到了较快发展，其在肺外周病变诊断、定位和治疗中的有效性和安全性已得到初步验证，为优化和标准化国产ENB技术操作规范，指导其在临床实践中的应用，中国医学装备协会呼吸病学装备技术专业委员会和国产电磁导航支气管镜技术专家组组织专家讨论并制定了本专家共识。 】 【中文关键词：电磁导航支气管镜；肺外周病变；诊断；定位；治疗】.

【中文题目：二代测序技术在NSCLC中的临床应用 中国专家共识（2020版）】.

【中文题目：非小细胞肺癌PD-L1免疫组织化学检测规范中国专家共识】.

"The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology" have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The expert consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practices for thermal ablation of GGN. The main contents include: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN, (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN and (3) future development directions. .【中文题目：热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识 （2021年版）】 【中文摘要：局部热消融技术在肺部结节治疗领域正处在起步与发展阶段，为了肺结节热消融治疗的临床实践和规范发展，由“中国医师协会肿瘤消融治疗技术专家组”“中国医师协会介入医师分会肿瘤消融专业委员会”“中国抗癌协会肿瘤消融治疗专业委员会”“中国临床肿瘤学会消融专家委员会”组织多学科国内有关专家，讨论制定了“热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识（2021年版）”。主要内容包括：①肺部亚实性结节的临床评估；②热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节技术操作规程、适应证、禁忌证、疗效评价和相关并发症；③存在的问题和未来发展方向。 】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；筛查；肺亚实性结节；肺磨玻璃结节；热消融】.

Large general hospitals currently play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment for acute critical patients and difficult diseases because of the development of dual referral system and hierarchical diagnosis, as well as the formation of medical treatment alliance. Patients with oral cancers are often associated with systemic diseases, which increases the complexity of the condition. Thus, meeting the demand through the traditional single medical model is difficult. As such, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) model has been proposed and has achieved a good clinical effect. To standardize the application of this model, we organized an event in which relevant experts discussed and formulated a consensus to provide standardized suggestions on the MDT process and the diagnosis and treatment of common systemic diseases as reference for clinical practice.近年来，随着双向转诊、分级诊疗和医联体的建立，大型综合医院承担急危重症和疑难疾病诊疗的功能定位日益凸显，来诊的口腔癌患者常伴有全身情况复杂的系统性疾病，传统的单一诊疗模式难以达到医疗需求。为此，多学科协作诊疗（MDT）模式应运而生并在实践中应用，取得了良好的临床效果。为了进一步规范口腔癌患者的MDT，组织专家制订了本专家共识，对诊疗流程、常见系统性疾病的诊治等给出了规范化建议，供临床医师参考。.

In recent years, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been widely used in spine surgery and achieved satisfactory results. In order to standardize the ERAS implementation process and application in percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar lumbar decompression/discectomy (PEID), we reviewed the literatures and cited evidence-based medicine data, and had a national comprehensive discussion among experts of the Group of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery and Enhanced Recovery, Professional Committee of Orthopedic Surgery and Enhanced Recovery, Association of China Rehabilitation Technology Transformation and Promotion. Altogether, the up-to-date expert consensus have been achieved. The consensus may provide the reference for clinical treatment in aspect of the standardization of surgical operations, the reduction of surgical trauma and complications, the optimization of perioperative pain and sleep management, the prevention of venous thrombosis, and the guidance of patients' functional training and perioperative education.近年来，加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery，ERAS）在脊柱外科广泛应用，取得了良好效果。为了细化 ERAS 实施流程，规范其在经皮内镜椎板间入路腰椎管减压椎间盘切除术（percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar lumbar decompression/discectomy，PEID）中的应用，作者通过查阅文献，遵循循证医学原则，并经过中国康复技术转化及发展促进会骨科加速康复专业委员会脊柱微创加速康复学组专家反复讨论，最终编辑整理完成本共识。共识从规范手术操作、减少手术创伤和并发症、优化围术期疼痛与睡眠管理、预防静脉血栓形成，以及指导患者功能训练、围术期宣教等方面提供了推荐建议，供广大脊柱外科医师参考应用。.

Nowadays, there is a rising development and popularity of medical endoscopes. The international brand dominates the endoscope market. The market size of domestic brands is also growing rapidly. The electronic technologies of hard or soft endoscopes are developing rapidly and gradually approaching to the advanced level in worldwide. However, at present, there is a lack of relevant standards for national standards and industry regulations for evaluating medical endoscopes, and also lacking of quantitative and clear understanding of the gap between domestic and foreign products. It is urgently necessary to give a comprehensive and accurate evaluation to the medical endoscopes. In this context, the expert group has established a scientific, systematic, and applicable standardized medical endoscopy clinical evaluation system to standardize various endoscopic evaluation indicators.【中文题目：医用内窥镜临床评价体系专家共识】 【中文摘要：医用内窥镜的发展速度及普及程度非常快，国际大厂品牌统领内窥镜市场半壁江山，目前国产品牌的市场规模也迅速增长，硬镜、软镜电子化技术迅速发展，逐渐接近国际先进水平。但是，目前适用于评价医用内窥镜的国家标准、行业规定等相关标准缺乏，国内外产品差距缺少定量、明确的认识，国产品牌多而杂，需要对医用内窥镜给予全面、准确的评价。在此背景下，专家组经过科学地遴选和严谨地实践提出了一套科学、系统、适用的标准化医用内窥镜临床评价体系，以期规范化各类内窥镜评价指标。】 【中文关键词：医用内窥镜；评价指标；专家共识】.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer, most NSCLC patients are at advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. For patients without sensitive driven-oncogene mutations, chemotherapy is still the main treatment at present, the overall prognosis is poor. Improving outcomes and obtaining long-term survival are the most urgent needs of patients with advanced NSCLC. In recent years, immunotherapy has developed rapidly. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have made a breakthrough in the treatment of NSCLC, beneficial to patients' survival and changed the treatment pattern for NSCLC. It shows more and more important role in the treatment of NSCLC. Led by NSCLC expert committee of Chinese society of clinical oncology (CSCO), relevant experts in this field were organized. On the basis of referring to domestic and foreign literature, systematically evaluating the results of Chinese and foreign clinical trials, and combining the experiences of the experts, the experts group reached an agreement to develop this consensus. It will guide domestic counterparts for better application of ICIs to treat NSCLC.【中文题目：中国非小细胞肺癌免疫检查点抑制剂治疗专家共识（2019年版）】 【中文摘要：非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）是肺癌中最常见的病理类型，大多数NSCLC患者在确诊时已属晚期。对于驱动基因突变阴性的患者而言，目前的治疗仍以化疗为主，总体预后较差，改善治疗现状、获得长期生存是晚期NSCLC患者最迫切的需求。近年来，肿瘤免疫治疗发展迅速，免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs），尤其是以程序性死亡因子-1（programmed death-1, PD-1）/程序性死亡因子配体-1（programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1）为靶点的ICIs在驱动基因突变阴性的NSCLC治疗中取得了突破性的进展，为患者带来了生存获益，改变了NSCLC的治疗格局，显示出越来越重要的地位。由中国临床肿瘤学会（Chinese society of clinical oncology, CSCO）NSCLC专家委员会牵头，组织该领域的相关专家，在参考国内外文献、系统评价中外临床研究结果、结合专家经验与体会的基础上，达成统一意见并制定本共识，以期指导国内同行更好地应用ICIs治疗NSCLC。】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；肿瘤免疫治疗；免疫检查点抑制剂；PD-1/PD-L1】.

【中文题目：晚期非小细胞肺癌抗血管生成药物治疗 中国专家共识（2019版）】.

Tooth preparation is the primary and core operation technique for dental esthetic restoration treatment, due to its effect of providing restoration space, bonding interfaces and marginal lines for dental rehabilitation after tooth tissue reduction. The concept of microscopic minimal invasive dentistry put forward the issue of conducting high-quality tooth preparation, conserve tooth-structure, protect vital pulp and periodontal tissue simultaneously. This study reviewed the concepts, physiology background, design and minimal invasive microscopic tooth preparation, and in the meantime, individualized strategies and the two core elements of tooth preparation (quantity and shape) are listed.牙体预备技术是口腔美学修复治疗必知必会的核心操作，通过一定量的牙修复体组织的磨除，为目标修复体提供容纳空间、粘接面与完成线等。如何在完成高质量牙体预备的同时还能保存牙体、保护活髓和牙周组织是美学修复牙体预备中亟需解决的难题。本文就微创牙体预备的概念及核心要素，显微牙体预备涉及的解剖生理学、显微牙体预备术前设计进行介绍，并总结了显微牙体预备技术临床路径，提出了显微牙体预备核心因素——量与形的新认知。.

Current biomechanical research of dental implants focuses on the mechanical damage and enhancement mechanism of the implant-abutment interface as well as how to obtain better mechanical strength and longer fatigue life of dental implants. The mechanical properties of implants can be comprehensively evaluated by strain gauge analysis, photo elastic stress analysis, digital image correlation, finite element analysis, implant bone bonding strength test, and measurement of mechanical properties. Finite element analysis is the most common method for evaluating stress distribution in dental implants, and static pressure and fatigue tests are commonly used in mechanical strength test. This article reviews biomechanical research methods and evaluation indices of dental implants. Results provide methodology guidelines in the field of biomechanics by introducing principles, ranges of application, advantages, and limitations, thereby benefitting researchers in selecting suitable methods. The influencing factors of the experimental results are presented and discussed to provide implant design ideas for researchers.目前牙种植体的生物力学研究主要集中于种植体-骨结合界面及种植牙内各个部件连接界面的力学损伤及增强机制，以及如何获得更好的牙种植体-基台复合体的整体机械强度和服役寿命等方面的研究。目前有关生物力学的研究，主要通过电阻应力测试方法、光弹应力分析法、数字图像相关分析法、有限元分析法、种植体-骨结合强度力学测试和机械性能测试法对实验样本进行综合评价。目前有限元分析法是最常见的牙种植体应力分布研究法，而静态压力实验和疲劳实验是最常见的机械强度测试研究方法。本文通过对这些研究方法的原理、应用范围及特点的介绍和对实验结果影响因素的梳理，给相关领域研究者们提供方法学的指导，并可拓展种植体的设计思路。.

【中文题目：肺癌骨转移诊疗专家共识（2019版）】.

Titanium dental implants have wide clinical application due to their many advantages, including comfort, aesthetics, lack of damage to adjacent teeth, and significant clinical effects. However, the failure of osseointegration, bone resorption, and peri-implantitis limits their application. Physical-chemical and bioactive coatings on the surface of titanium implants could improve the successful rate of dental implants and meet the clinical application requirements. This paper reviews the characteristics of surface modification of titanium implants from the aspects of physics, chemistry, and biology. Results provide information for research and clinical application of dental implant materials.钛种植体具有美观舒适、不损伤邻牙、临床效果显著等优点，广泛应用于口腔种植修复领域；但应用中存在骨结合失败、种植体周围骨吸收、种植体周围炎等问题，使其应用受到一定的限制。对钛种植体进行表面改性，在其表面制备不同的理化涂层和生物活性涂层，可以提高种植体的种植成功率，满足临床应用需求。本文从物理、化学、生物三方面对各种钛种植体表面改性方法的特点进行总结，为牙种植材料的研究和临床应用提供参考.

Dental implants represent the majority of treatment strategies used to replace missing teeth. However, peri-implant diseases caused by disturbance in peri-implant microbiological balance are among the reasons for implant failure. Since the 1980s, peri-implant microorganisms have been a hot research topic in dental microbiology. The bacterial ecology between the disease and health largely differs, which directly or indirectly increases the risk of peri-implant diseases. Accordingly, the determination of the 'core microbiome' of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis is a key point of recent research.牙种植术是目前修复牙列缺损和牙列缺失的主要治疗方案，但是种植体周围微生态失衡易造成种植体周围疾病的发生，进而导致种植失败。从20世纪80年代开始，种植体周围微生物的研究就成为了口腔微生物研究的热点之一。正常种植体周围微生物和种植体周围炎症相关微生物存在着差异，这些差异直接或间接增加了种植体周围疾病的风险，因此寻找种植体周围黏膜炎和种植体周围炎“核心微生物组”是目前研究的关键。.

With the comprehensive application and development of implant dentistry in recent years, multi-institutional data have supported a large number of clinical research findings. A consensus was gradually reached on the evaluation of the state and effect of implants and types of indicators that were selected after restoration. This study aims to examine the frequently used criteria to define treatment success in implant dentistry.近年来口腔种植的广泛应用和发展，显现出多中心数据支持的临床研究结果，对种植义齿修复后该如何评价种植体的状态以及判断种植修复的效果，选择哪些指标来进行评价，逐步达成了一些共识。本文的目的是总结出临床最常用的评价种植修复成功的标准。.

ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI), gefitinib, erlotinib, icotinib and aftinib, which are approved as a frontline treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have tumors harboring EGFR mutations in China. And osimertinib was approved in second line setting for patients with EGFRT 790M-positive NSCLC. Rash, paronychia, diarrhea, stomatitis, liver dysfunction and (interstitial lung disease, ILD) are frequently observed in patients treated with EGFR-TKI. Chinese Society of Lung Cancer, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, organized Chinese experts to develop the Chinese expert consensus on EGFR-TKI adverse event (AE) management based on domestic diagnosis and treatment of ADR and also incorporating international updated theory and recommendations. .【中文题目：EGFR-TKI不良反应管理专家共识】 【中文摘要：表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKI）如吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、埃克替尼和阿法替尼在中国已成为EGFR突变阳性的晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）的一线治疗药物，奥希替尼也获批用于二线治疗EGFR-T790M突变阳性的晚期NSCLC。EGFR-TKI的常见不良反应（adverse drug reaction, ADR）有皮疹、腹泻、甲沟炎、口腔粘膜炎、肝损伤、间质性肺疾病等。中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会根据中国国内不良反应诊疗现状，结合国际最新理论和经验，组织相关专家讨论并制定了EGFR-TKI不良反应管理中国专家共识。 】 【中文关键词：EGFR-TKI；肺肿瘤；不良反应；专家共识】.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common clinical disease with high incidence and low treating proportion, difficult evaluation, and complicated nosogenesis. OSAS can cause systematic impairments. Various treatment methods were applied in clinical setting with the tendency of cross-disciplinary promotion. Oral treatment plays an exceedingly important role in OSAS research and therapy. This study reports the oral treatment involving OSAS therapy.阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）是临床常见病和多发病，患病率高，求医率低，难以评判治疗效果；该病的发病机制复杂，可引起全身多系统性损伤；其治疗方法种类繁多，并呈现出多学科参与和多学科交叉的发展趋势。随着口腔医学对OSAS诊断与治疗研究的逐渐深入，口腔治疗在OSAS的作用已愈来愈重要。本文就OSAS治疗方法的研究进展、争议情况以及口腔治疗的方法与发展进行了总结。.

【中文题目：非小细胞肺癌术后辅助治疗 中国胸外科专家共识（2018版）】.

Background and objective As computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer becomes more common in China, so too does detection of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs). Although anumber of national or international guidelines about pulmonary GGNs have been published,most of these guidelines are produced by respiratory, oncology or radiology physicians, who might not fully understand the progress of modern minimal invasive thoracic surgery, and these current guidelines may overlook or underestimate the value of thoracic surgery in the management of pulmonary GGNs. In addition, the management for pre-invasive adenocarcinoma is still controversial. Based onthe available literature and experience from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, we composed this consensus about diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary GGNs. For lesions which are considered as adenocarcinoma in situ, chest thin layer CT scan follow-up is recommended and resection can only be adopt in some specific cases and excision should not exceed single segment resection. For lesions which are considered as minimal invasive adenocarcinoma, limited pulmonary resection or lobectomy is recommended. For lesions which are considered as early stage invasive adenocarcinoma, pulmonary resection is recommend and optimal surgical methods depend on whether ground glass component exist, location, volume and number of the lesions and physical status of patients. Principle of management of multiple pulmonary nodules is that primary lesions should be handled with priority, with secondary lesions taking into account. .随着胸部计算机断层扫描（computed tomography, CT）检查，尤其是低剂量薄层CT筛查项目在中国的广泛开展，越来越多的无症状肺部磨玻璃结节（ground-glass nodules, GGNs）被发现。虽然国内及国际上已发布了一系列针对肺部GGNs的指南，但是这些指南的撰写者多来自呼吸、肿瘤及影像专业，可能缺乏对现代微创胸外科的充分认识，造成外科手术在肺部GGNs诊治中的作用不明确，甚至被低估；而且，肺部肿瘤相关的各学科对于早期肺癌，尤其是浸润前病变的处理也缺乏统一规范。因此，基于国内外现有文献及上海市肺科医院多年积累的经验，上海市肺科医院撰写了此诊疗共识。本共识推荐对于疑似肺腺癌的GGNs进行多学科评估，依据诊断，选择合理的处置方式。对于疑似原位腺癌，推荐进行胸部薄层CT随访，或在特定情况下进行不超过肺段切除的限制性肺切除；对于疑似微浸润腺癌，推荐进行限制性肺切除或肺叶切除；对于疑似浸润性腺癌，建议依据病灶是否含有磨玻璃成分、位置、大小、个数及患者躯体情况选择合理的手术方式；而肺多发结节的处理原则推荐为主病灶优先，兼顾次要病灶，综合选择治疗方案。 .

The development of an expert consensus on vital pulp therapy can provide practical guidance for the improvement of pulp damage care in China. Dental pulp disease is a major type of illness that adversely affects human oral health. Pulp capping and pulpotomy are currently the main methods for vital pulp therapy. Along with the development of minimal invasion cosmetic dentistry, using different treatment technologies and materials reasonably, preserving healthy tooth tissue, and extending tooth save time have become urgent problems that call for immediate solution in dental clinics. This paper summarizes the experiences and knowledge of endodontic experts. We develop a clinical path of vital pulp therapy for clinical work by utilizing the nature, approach, and degree of pulp damage as references, defense and self-repairing ability of pulp as guidance, and modern technologies of diagnosis and treatment as means.建立损伤牙髓保髓治疗的专家共识，对提高我国牙髓病治疗水平具有重要的现实指导意义。牙髓疾病是影响人类口腔健康的主要疾病，盖髓术和牙髓切断术是损伤牙髓保髓治疗的主要方法。随着微创牙科理念的发展，如何合理应用各种治疗技术和材料，最大限度地保存健康牙髓组织，延长患牙保存期，实现保髓治疗效果的最大化已成为口腔临床迫切需要解决的问题。笔者现将部分牙体牙髓病治疗学专家的经验与认识共同汇总，以牙髓损伤性质与途径、牙髓损伤程度为基础，以宿主的牙髓防御与自身修复能力为导向，以损伤牙髓现代诊治技术为手段，探讨形成了关于牙髓损伤的活髓保存临床诊治路径的共识，供大家在临床工作中参考和改进。.

The number of disabled persons increases in the course of human life and in the aging population. The high prevalence, low treatment rate, long therapy period, and sophisticated procedures prevent most of disabled individuals from availing dental services. Moreover, special dental institutions for the disabled are insufficient, and a certain treatment standard is commonly not complied. This study performed analysis and evaluation, including treatment features, pretreatment procedures, patient communication, treatment factors, and treatment standards to provide a targeted solution for the special requirements of the oral therapy for disabled patients.随着人类预期寿命的增加和社会老龄化，残障人必将有所增加。大多数的残障人口腔疾病患病率高、治疗率低，对残障人的口腔疾病治疗需要花费更多的时间与沟通，治疗程序也更为复杂，国内外都少有专注残障人口腔医疗的专门机构，对残障人的口腔治疗技术也没有固定的原则与规范可寻。本文就残障人口腔疾病患病情况，临床治疗特点，治疗前的准备与医患沟通，口腔疾病治疗影响因素评估，治疗规范与原则进行全面分析，针对不同种类的残障人，提出在口腔疾病治疗中的特殊需求和注意事项等针对性的处理原则。.

Management of oral diseases during pregnancy prefers to be a comprehensive oral health care strategy throughout pre-pregnant, pregnant and prenatal stages. It provides guidance not only to promote the overall health in pregnant women, but also concern fetus development and children's oral health. Pregnancy is a time of particular vulnerability in terms of oral health due to complex physical and physiological changes. Physicians and dentists are responsible for providing professional medical care and treatment following clinical guidelines especially for pregnancy. It is also an opportune time in pregnancy to educate women about oral health care and preventing oral problems in young children. This article reviews the commonly occurring oral problems and their pathogenesis during pregnancy, dental procedures that can be carried out by physicians and preventive strategies that could be helpful in promoting oral health in both pregnant women and young children.孕期口腔疾病管理是贯穿了孕前期、孕期和哺乳期妇女的口腔健康管理整体方案，不仅关系到孕期妇女的全身健康，同时注重胎儿的正常发育及儿童的口腔保健。孕期妇女由于饮食习惯的改变及全身激素水平的变化，部分口腔疾病的易患性增加。鉴于孕期生理的特殊性，口腔医师需遵循一定的诊疗原则，提供专业的口腔护理指导和疾病诊疗方案。孕期妇女应该加强口腔卫生保健意识，掌握正确的口腔护理方法。本文就孕期妇女易患的口腔疾病类型及相应的发病机制进行归纳总结，针对口腔医师及孕期妇女的口腔防护原则及措施提出指导意见。.

Dental caries is a major disease that threaten human's oral healthy severely with the characteristics of high incidence, low rate of treatment and high rate of retreatment. At present, restorative treatment remains the main method for caries treatment. With the development of the Minimally Invasive Cosmetic Dentistry (MICD), reasonable application of various treatment technologies, maximum preservation of tooth tissues and realizing the maximization of treatment effects become problems that call for immediate solution in dental clinics. In addition, there still exist a large number of old restorations that need standard retreatments. Here, some difficulty influence factors of dental caries clinical treatment such as systemic and oral factors, individual caries susceptibility, treatment technologies and materials, retreatment methods of old restorations and technique sensitivity are analyzed, and corresponding processing strategies are also put forward.龋病是严重危害人类口腔健康的主要疾病，具有发病率高，治疗率低，再治疗率高等特点。目前，充填修复术仍然是龋病临床治疗的主要方法。随着微创美学牙科理念的提出，如何合理应用各种治疗技术，最大限度地保存牙体组织，实现龋病治疗效果的最大化已成为口腔临床迫切需要解决的问题。此外，临床上还存在大量的陈旧修复体，这些修复体的再处理也亟待规范。本文就全身因素、口腔因素、个体龋病易患性、治疗技术和材料、陈旧修复体处理，以及技术敏感性等影响龋病临床治疗的难度因素进行分析，并提出针对性的处理策略。.

The development of an expert consensus based on specific domestic situations will provide practical guidance to the efforts aiming at improving cleft care in China. The team approach of twenty-one cleft centers were pooled together, covering pre-surgical orthopedics, primary surgical repair, orthodontic treatment, alveolar bone graft, secondary deformity correction, palatal fistulae repair, the diagnosis and treatment of velopharyngeal incompetence, speech therapy, otitis media management, and skeletal deformity correction. Agreement was achieved among the authors concerning the application of critical surgical and non-surgical techniques. The ambition of this consensus is to introduce more clinicians to the revolution of sequential treatment of clefts, and form the basis for a more comprehensive cleft care manual in the future.建立具有中国特色的唇腭裂多学科序列治疗专家共识，对提高我国的唇腭裂治疗水平具有较为现实的指导意义。本文将21家医疗单位唇腭裂序列治疗中唇腭裂的外科前治疗，唇、腭裂的外科修复，正畸治疗，牙槽突裂的植骨修复，唇裂鼻畸形的整复，唇裂术后继发畸形的二期整复，腭裂术后穿孔的处置，腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全的诊断与治疗，语音治疗，腭裂分泌性中耳炎的处置，颌骨畸形的外科矫治，心理评估和咨询及围手术期的护理等治疗经验进行了归纳总结并达成一致意见。其中对唇裂、腭裂、牙槽突裂和腭咽闭合不全的外科关键技术的应用和对语音治疗、正畸治疗和颌骨畸形牵张成骨等主要方法的应用也形成了共识。笔者希望通过这一努力，能够引导更多医护人员参与唇腭裂序列治疗和关键技术的创新工作，最终形成中国唇腭裂治疗指南。.