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Background/Purpose: Bicycles are a popular means of transportation in rural areas, especially among low-income populations, but they are also gaining popularity in metropolitan areas, especially among the fortunate and affluent. The Indian bicycle industry is dominated by roadsters, fancy, teenagers, and other types of bicycles such bicycles include mountain bikes, sports bikes, hybrid bikes, touring bikes, and other motorcycles. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of India's bicycle industry and examined it in depth. Objective: To observe the growth and challenges of Bicycle Industries and review the contributing factors that helped this growth. Design/Methodology/Approach: Analysis and presentation of information collected from various scholarly articles, web articles, and using SWOT framework. Findings/Result: Based on the analysis of facts and figures and also by looking at the various scenarios of expansion of the Bicycle industry in India, it is seen that this industry has seen considerable growth and progress in various avenues such as the country's economy, the contribution of the international economy, research in bicycle area. Few recommendations are also suggested to take the concept further. Originality/Value: This paper study provides a concise overview of the bicycle industry based on the different data gathered, as well as information on its existing state, needs, and potential for future improvement. Paper type: A Research Case study paper on growth, challenges of the bicycle industry in India.

Prior studies of coopetition have explained the what, how and why of firms cooperating with competitors. Among these, examining the how question as to the stream of coopetition dynamics is the most challenging theme. Previous research has focused much more on the cooperation side. Less attention has been paid to the competition side to reveal what happens to competition after the competitors have collaborated. This study sheds light on the issue of cooperation-based competition by answering the question: while cooperating with competitors, how do rival partners compete based on cooperation? Linking the competitive dynamics perspective to coopetition, we conducted a single-case study to analyse the competition between two leading competitors in the Taiwanese bicycle industry. We collected the reported issues pertaining to the competition in the European market and supported by in-depth interviews. The analysis leads us to develop three propositions and a conceptual framework for illustrating the cooperation-based competition and addressing how cooperation may influence competition in a coopetition relationship. This study provides new insights into a theoretical issue of cooperation-based competition. The case also provides management implications while taking a coopetition strategy.

This research has explored the relationship between cyclist and machine, through exploratory research methods and heuristic exploration by proposing a series of custom hardware interventions as way of enriching mountain bike rider’s experience. Changing the mountain bike rider’s experience and the mindset of the community of avid cyclists and industry by thinking outside the frame to thinking inside it. The work ahead focuses on performance hardware development as a gateway for avid mountain bike riders to think deeply about their relations with the bike, by exploring rider’s experience from a cyclist’s point of view, and by exploring ways in which industrial design can bring performance and improvement into the bicycle industry through adaptability of the frame to rider and terrain. Adaptability is a key factor between the terrain, the cyclist + machine. This research explores adaptable hardware systems allowing for changes or adaptations to the machine’s geometry depending on terrain, preferences or affinities. Focusing on the means of change, particular to the bicycles’ frame geometry, the frame transforms from the fixed hardware of a simple conveyance to a system of an enabler, making the cycling experience more emotional and self-reflective. Exploratory and applied research leveraging my own experience has emerged as a model, journaling and describing experiences, forming case studies for others to understand broadly how we meaningfully engage in bicycle riding. Cycling culture and its community as observed through volunteering for one of the most prestigious race in the world called the British Columbia Bike Race, served as multi method tool, where observation, conversations and stories helped inform my research, and explore how humans relate to objects and how adaptable objects become for a specific use. Applied heuristic assets and integrated experience design, with a focus on the user experience and its role in the cycling environment, demonstrates the very present cognitive improvement of human beings through the use of invention and mechanization. This research and the design outcomes will take into account several aspects specific to the bicycle like: Fit, Geometry, Materials + Processes, Culture + Ergonomics, accomplished through Practice based research by way of a collaboration and partnership with Landyachtz Bicycle Company, of Vancouver BC, where bicycles are hand built and crafted.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the development of the performance indicators of sustainable management in the Taiwanese bicycle industry and to perform an importance analysis. Based on the Balanced Scorecard concept, the framework of sustainable management is added. Ten experts evaluated the performance indicators of a sustainable Balanced Scorecard in the Taiwanese bicycle industry using five major categories: (1) Financial, (2) Customer, (3) Internal Business Processes, (4) Learning and Growth, and (5) Sustainable Development, and a total of 21 performance indicators were used. The analytic network process (ANP) was used to perform an importance analysis of the various performance indicators. Most of the experts suggested that for the introduction of a sustainable management strategy into the bicycle industry in Taiwan, it is necessary to include the definition of sustainable management and to improve five performance indicators: innovation process, customer satisfaction, operations process, after-sales service, and market share. According to the analysis results, this study proposed relevant management definitions and suggestions to be used as important references for decision-makers to understand the introduction of sustainable management strategies to the current bicycle industry in Taiwan.

This paper addresses the question of how the vertical structure of a product line relates to brand equity. Does the presence of “premium” or high-quality products in a product line enhance brand equity? Conversely, does the presence of “economy” or low-quality products in a product line diminish brand equity? Economists and marketing researchers refer to variation in quality levels of products within a category as “vertical” differentiation, whereas variation in the function or “category” of the products is referred to as “horizontal” differentiation. Much of the existing research on the relationship between product line structure and brand equity has focused on the horizontal structure of the product line and has been primarily concerned with brand extensions—what happens when the product line of a brand is extended horizontally into new categories? Researchers have been concerned primarily with how the extension fares, but the effect of the extension on the core products is also important. There is an analogous question of what happens when the product line of a brand is extended vertically, either “up market” or “down market.” This question of vertical extensions is part of the more general issue of how the vertical structure of a product line relates to brand equity. The specific research questions addressed in this paper are: (1) do “premium” or high-quality products enhance the brand equity associated with the other products in the line? (2) Conversely, do “economy” or low-quality products diminish the brand equity associated with the other products in the line? These research questions are relevant to three managerial issues in product-line strategy. First, what are the costs and benefits of including “down market” products within a brand? Second, what are the implications of including high-end models within a brand? Third, when should high-end and low-end products be offered under an existing brand umbrella and when should these products be offered under separate brands? We address these research questions empirically through an analysis of the models and brands within the U.S. mountain bicycle industry. We use price premium above that which can be explained by the physical characteristics of the bicycle as a metric for brand equity. We then test several hypotheses related to the relationship between extension of the product line upward and downward and the price premium commanded by the brand. We further support this analysis with a simple laboratory experiment. The analysis reveals that price premium, in the lower quality segments of the market, is significantly positively correlated with the quality of the lowest-quality model in the brand's product line; and, that for the upper quality segments of the market, price premium is also significantly positively correlated with the quality of the highest-quality model in the brand's product line. The results of the analysis are supported by the outcome of an experiment in which 63 percent of the subjects preferred a product offered by a high-end brand to the equivalent product offered by a low-end competitor. These results imply that managers wishing only to maximize the equity of their brands would offer only high-quality products and avoid offering low-quality products. However, this result must be moderated by the overall objective of maximizing profits. Maximizing profits is likely to involve a tradeoff between preserving high brand equity (and therefore high margins) and pursuing the volume typically located in the lower end of the market. One of the most significant implications of this research is that product line managers need to be mindful not just of the incremental cannibalization or stimulation of sales of products that are immediate neighbors of an extension to the product line, but also the effect of such an extension on the brand equity in other, possibly quite different, parts of the product line.

Purpose/Topic: The proposed research explores impact of the direct marketing actions by component suppliers on (a) sales (objective measure) and (b) industrial customer‟s perception (subjective measures) of the final product (c) and the market development. The proposed research will focus on the bicycle industry. Research Question: "To what extent Shimano‟s component brands important to Shimano customer, and which actions can Shimano undertake to facilitate its brand‟s further market penetration?" Design/Methodology: Two approaches were used to answer the main research question. First, existing literature on ingredient and co-branding was analyzed. Second, we conducted an experiment on a new direct marketing initiative by Shimano-Europe BV. The initiative is "Reliability" campaign that introduces a service logbook across 8 European countries. Originality/Value: There is no research to this date, which empirically examines the influence of component supplier on sales and perception of ingredient brand, especially in the bicycle industry. Role of service and service network is also examined as one of the crucial influences on ingredient brand management. This research provides the base for further exploration in the area of ingredient branding and give guidelines for Ingredient Brand Management. So far, ingredient branding has been studied in contexts of food, chemical and computer industries. This research examines market leader in bicycle industry on 8 different national markets in Europe. Products supplied by Shimano require service and those products differ from ingredients which are consumed in form of food or apparel (that does not requires any service).

ESTABLISHED OF MATERIAL AND PRODUCT PLANHIHG SYSTEM IK A FIRM WHICH PRODUCES BICYCLE In this thesis, theory and the application of the production management are explained. For application, Bisan Bisiklet Sanayii A.Ş. which produces bicycle and spare parts is chosen. Pre-production management system and its failures and new production management system of Bisan A.Ş. is explained and compared. Besides these, it had been shown that the advan tages of the new system to the old system and some pro posals are also given. ii 186