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Mandible defect and the lack of dentition may result in facial deformity and chewing organ defects. It happens after the surgery of oral and maxillofacial tumors. This study aims at this problem. In this study, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to reconstruct the implanted mandible for customized patient. The 3D FEA model has great importance for biomechanical analysis. Though the analysis of the biomechanical situation with different numbers of dental implants, we can optimize the location and quantity of the implants. In this way, we can improve the quality of the implants, reduce the pain of patients, reduce the operation cost and avoid secondary surgery.

Reduced connectivity between sending and receiving neurons (i.e., synaptic depression) may facilitate change detection by reducing responses for recently viewed objects so new objects can be highlighted. In the experiment reported here, we investigated high-level change detection following semantic satiation, which is the loss of meaning following repetition of a word. A computer simulation of a word-reading neural network with synaptic depression identified key predictions of connectivity reduction. A dynamic-causal-modeling analysis of magnetoencephalography (MEG) responses collected during a category-matching task identified connectivity reduction between a cortical region related to orthography and a cortical region related to semantics as the cause of the reduced MEG response to a repeated word. As predicted, prior repetitions of a category-matching word presented immediately after the repeated word enhanced semantic novelty, as measured with the M400 component. These results demonstrate that a combination of neural-network modeling and connectivity analyses can reveal the manner in which connectivity fluctuations underlie cognitive functions.

Cordyceps sinensis is a Chinese unique precious herbal material, its genuine producing areas covering Naqu, Changdu in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Yushu in Qinghai province and other regions. In recent 10 years, C. sinensis resources is decreasing as a result of the blindly and excessively perennial dug. How to rationally protect, develop and utilize of the valuable resources of C. sinensis has been referred to an important field of research on C. sinensis. The ecological environment and climate change trend of Qinghai Tibet plateau happens prior to other regions, which means that the distribution and evolution of C. sinensis are more obvious and intense than those of the other populations. Based on RS (remote sensing)/GIS(geographic information system) technology, this paper utilized the relationship between the snowline elevation, the average temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours in harvest period (April and may) of C. sinensis and the actual production of C. sinensis to establish a weighted geometric mean model. The model's prediction accuracy can reach 82.16% at least in forecasting C. sinensis year yield in Naqu area in every early June. This study can provide basic datum and information for supporting the C. sinensis industry healthful, sustainable development.

Blade is the key component in the energy power equipment of turbine, aircraft engines and so on. Researches on the process and equipment for blade finishing become one of important and difficult point. To control precisely tool system of developed hybrid grinding and polishing machine tool for blade finishing, the tool system with changeable wheel for belt polishing is analyzed in this paper. Firstly, the belt length and wrap angle of each wheel in different position of tension wheel swing angle in the process of changing wheel is analyzed. The reasonable belt length is calculated by using MATLAB, and relationships between wrap angle of each wheel and cylinder expansion amount of contact wheel are obtained. Then, the control system for changeable wheel tool structure is developed. Lastly, the surface roughness of blade finishing is verified by experiments. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that reasonable belt length and wheel wrap angle can be obtained by proposed analysis method, the changeable wheel tool system can be controlled precisely, and the surface roughness of blade after grinding meets the design requirements.

Reversible data hiding can restore the original image from the stego image without any distortion after the embedded secret message is exactly extracted. In this paper, a novel, reversible, data hiding scheme for high quality images is proposed in spatial domain. To increase embedding capacity and enhance image quality, the proposed scheme classifies all pixels as wall pixels and non-wall pixels. For wall pixel, the interpolation error is used to embed secret data over the interpolation prediction method. In contrast, the difference value between the non-wall pixel and its parent pixel, which is defined by the direction order, is computed to hide secret data based on the histogram shifting. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme provides a larger payload and a better image quality than some existing schemes. Moreover, the performance of the proposed scheme is more stable for different images.

Aiming at the implanted mandible titanium plate in chewing movement under the action of repeated load is prone to fracture, leading to problems such as secondary surgery. This study makes fatigue simulation analysis for customized implanted titanium plate of fatigue damage. It also analyzes the minimum service life position and low service life area on different loading. Simulation analysis of deformation is done. The analysis contains the deformation area and the maximum deformation degree with a variety of bite condition. This study also analyzes and forecasts the fatigue failure area, which provides basis for preventing fatigue failure for implanted titanium plate. It has important significance to improve titanium plate service life and strength. It also could alleviate patients’ sufferings.

Hyponatremia has long been considered related to high risk of hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy. By using artificial neural network(ANN), we investigated the influencing factors of serum sodium and established a model for predicting hyponatremia in cirrhosis patients A total of 424 cirrhosis patients (302 males and 122 females) were recruited. Correlation between serum sodium levels and clinical parameters include age, gender, serum ALT, AST, TBIL, LDL, TG, GLU, BUN, CRE, serum potassium, chlorine, albumin, platelet, cholinesterase and Child-Pugh score were analyzed. These indexes were input into the BP-ANN model as the input layer, serum sodium levels was set as the output layer. Results showed that serum sodium were positively related to serum chlorine, serum potassium, albumin, cholinesterase, LDL, age, ALT and TG, negatively related to Child-pugh score, CRE, platelet, fasting glucose, TBIL, gender, AST and BUN according to the above order. A BP-ANN model was established with the software Matlab to predict hyponatremia. In conclusions: potassium supplement is of great significance for the prevention of hyponatremia. Albumin supplementation may also helps to improve the level of serum sodium to a certain extent. Patients with higher CHILD score and serum creatinine level should be paid attention to the prevention of hyponatremia occurrence. BP-ANN model has clinical value with respect to prediction of hyponatremia based on routinely available clinical and laboratory data in cirrhosis patients.

Compound MQA (1,5-O-dicaffeoyl-3-O-[4-malic acid methyl ester]-quinic acid) is a natural caffeoylquinic acid derivative isolated from Arctium lappa L. roots. This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of MQA against hydrogen peroxide (HThe SH-SY5Y cells were divided into four groups, including control, 20 μM MQA, 200 μM H2O2, 200 μM H2O2 + 20 μM MQA groups. The effects of MQA on HPretreatment with MQA prevented cell death in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 200 μM H2O2 for 3 h. Meanwhile, Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V-PI double staining showed that MQA attenuated HThese findings suggest that protective effects of MQA against H

For many years now, enterprises and cloud providers have been using virtualization to run their workloads. Until recently, this means running an application in a virtual machine (hardware virtualization). However, virtual machines are increasingly replaced by containers (operating system virtualization), as evidenced by the rapid rise of Docker. A containerized software environment can generate a large amount of metadata. If properly managed, these metadata can greatly facilitate the management of containers themselves. This demonstration introduces ConHub, a PostgreSQL-based container metadata management system. Visitors will see that (1) ConHub has a language CQL that supports Docker commands; (2) it has a user-friendly interface for querying and visualizing container relationships; and (3) they can use CQL to formulate sophisticated queries to facilitate container management.

Natural sounds contain information on multiple timescales, so the auditory system must analyze and integrate acoustic information on those different scales to extract behaviorally relevant information. However, this multi-scale process in the auditory system is not widely investigated in the literature and existing models of temporal integration are mainly built upon detection or recognition tasks on a single timescale. Here we use a paradigm requiring processing on relatively ‘local’ and ‘global’ scales and provide evidence suggesting that the auditory system extracts fine-detail acoustic information using short temporal windows and uses long temporal windows to abstract global acoustic patterns. Behavioral task performance that requires processing fine-detail information does not improve with longer stimulus length, contrary to predictions of previous temporal integration models such as the multiple-looks and the spectro-temporal excitation pattern model. Moreover, the perceptual construction of putatively ‘unitary’ auditory events requires more than hundreds of milliseconds. These findings support the hypothesis of a dual-scale processing likely implemented in the auditory cortex.

The problem of high energy consumption is becoming more and more serious due to the construction of large-scale cloud data centers. Detecting and switching underloading hosts into sleep mode is the key approach to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we propose Minimum Utilization with Threshold algorithm to reduce energy consumption and VLA violation. We use the simulator CloudSim in our experiment with our algorithm and have a significant reduction on both energy consumption and SLA violation based on our data.

Random-based UnderSampling (RUS) methods for imbalanced pattern classification problems suffer from high variance problems. Therefore, the Inverse RUS (IRUS) is proposed to relieve this problem using an ensemble of classifier with bagging undersampling on majority samples to create an inverse imbalanced dataset. However, both the IRUS and the RUS do not consider the distribution of dataset. So, in this work, we propose the Location Bagging-based UnderSampling (LBUS) to divide the input space using the ITQ hashing method and undersampling according to location of hash buckets. In this way, the LBUS enjoys benefits of fast random undersampling and distribution information preservation. Experimental results show that the LBUS outperforms the IRUS.

Artificial total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most effective orthopaedic surgeries that has been used for decades. However, wear of the articulating surfaces is one of the key failure causes limiting the lifetime of total hip implant. In this paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to explore the composition and formation mechanism of the tribo-layer on the articulating surfaces of metal-on-polyethylene (MoPE) implants retrieved from patients. Results showed that, in contrast to conventional understanding, the attached tribo-layer contained not only denatured proteins but also a fraction of polymer particles. The formation of the tribo-layer was believed to relate to lubrication regime, which was supposed to be largely affected by the nature of the ultra-high-molecule-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE). Wear and formation of tribo-layer could be minimized in elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regime when the UHMWPE was less stiff and have a morphology containing micro-pits; whereas the wear was more severe and tribo-layer formed in boundary lubrication. Our results and analyses suggest that enhancing interface lubrication may be more effective on reducing wear than increasing the hardness of material. This finding may shed light on the design strategy of artificial hip joints.

Oxidative stress has been confirmed as a contribution to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of many neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are considered to have anti-oxidative stress ability in a previous study, but the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of CQAs in neuroprotective effects are still unclear. In the present study, we primarily expound the SARs of CQAs in counteracting H2O2-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. We found that CQAs (1–10) represented the protection of SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced injury in varying degrees and malonyl groups could obviously increase the anti-oxidative stress ability of CQAs. Intensive studies of 4,5-O-dicaffeoyl-1-O-(malic acid methyl ester)-quinic acid (MDCQA) indicated that the mechanisms could potentially involve activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the regulation of the phosphorylation of MAPKs and AKT. In conclusion, MDCQA could serve as a neuroprotective agent with a potential to attenuate oxidative stress.

The TiO2 films with hierarchical structure consisting of porous structure and spinodal phase separation structure have been synthesized by sol-gel method. The influence of the different photomonomers, different coating times and different heat treatment temperatures on the structure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 film has been investigated and the possible mechanism was proposed. The performances of as-prepared TiO2 films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared TiO2 films have been carried out by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under the UV irradiation. The results indicated that the as-prepared TiO2 film with hierarchical structure exhibited significant photocatalytic activity, which might be due to its high specific surface area and high-speed electron migration that enhanced the subsequent photocatalytic reactions and led to a positive synergistic effect.

Calcium-strontium hydroxyapatite [Ca5-xSrx(PO4)3OH, Ca-SrHA] were prepared by a novel coprecipitation process. The homogeneous aqueous solution of calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate and phosphoric acid was used as starting material, and ammonia was used as precipitator. A series of Ca-SrHA samples had been synthesized by adding ammonia into the precursor solution to pH10 and following aging at 60°C for 18h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that so-prepared samples present essential characteristics of Ca-SrHA. All samples have a short rod-like morphology. The cell parameters of Ca5-xSrx(PO4)3OH are linear to the value of x, and the infrared absorption bands of PO43- groups shift to lower wave numbers with the increase of x.

The plasma spraying Al2O3-13%TiO2 (abbreviated as AT-13) ceramic coatings on Q235B steel surface were dealed with laser remelting technique. The microstructure and properties before and after laser remelting were studied. Experiment results shown that the microstructure of laser remelted ceramic coatings was dense, no porosity appeared. The main compositions of laser remelted ceramic coatings were α-Al2O3 and a small amount of TiO2 and TiAl2O5. Microhardness of AT-13 plasma spraying coatings and laser remelting coatings were measured with vickers, and the maximum microhardness value of the former was 1000 HV0.2 , while that of the latter was 1700 HV0.2; The average bonding strength value of AT-13 plasma spraying coating was 24.36 Mpa, while the average bonding strength value of laser remelting coating was more than 67.02 Mpa. The wear resistance of laser remelting coatings was higher than that of AT-13 plasma spraying coatings through the pin-dish particle wear test.

A shift three-source model is used in this paper to describe the multiplicity and the pseudorapidity distributions of final-state charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions at energies available at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The three kinds of sources are central sources arising from gluon-gluon collisions, target fragmentation sources arising from gluon- or quark-induced collisions with target quarks, and projectile fragmentation sources arising from gluon- or quark-induced collisions with projectile quarks. The central, target fragmentation, and projectile fragmentation sources each have shifts around their centers. The results calculated by using the shift three-source model are in agreement with the experimental data of the ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) and the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid experiment) Collaborations.

In this paper, we proposed a novel adjustable data hiding method. Our proposed method, which is based on exploiting modification direction (EMD) method, is called the ''multi-group exploiting modification direction'' method. In the multi-group method, we combine several pixel-groups to embed secret data according to the constructed switch map to simply avoid the conversion redundancy of the EMD method and the spatial redundancy of the section-wise strategy, as well as to efficiently increase the probability of achieving larger embedding capacity. According to the experimental results and mathematical justification, we verified that the multi-group method can achieve higher embedding payload and better visual quality of the image than the EMD method and section-wise strategy for simulated and real secret data.

Young's modulus-temperature and thermal expansion curves were measured in gamma-Fe-31Mn-(0.25-8.67) Si-0.77C (at%) alloys by dynamic audio resonance method and in a light dilatometer. The results show that the anomalies in Young's modulus and thermal expansion appear near the Neel temperature. The temperature coefficient of Young's modulus, (1/E(p))(dE(p)/dT), is controlled by Si content below the Neel temperature. When Si content increases to 5.31 at%, (1/E(p))(dE(p)/dT) is close to zero in temperature range from 260 to 335 K, i.e. the Fe-31Mn-5.31Si-0.67C (at%) alloy shows Elinvar character. The temperature range in which the Elinvar character appears is wider than that of gamma-Fe-Mn Elinvar alloys. The change in exchange energy and the Delta E effect result from the effect of Si on the antiferromagnetic behavior in gamma-Fe-Mn alloys since it induces or enhances localized magnetic moment. When the increase in normal Young's modulus due to lowering temperature is compensated by the Delta E effect caused by the antiferromagnetic ordering, Elinvar character appears. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In this paper, based on Ansys the deformation and stress for high pressure long cylindrical natural gas storage tank are analysed. And obtain the stress distribution of the storage tank. The changes of stress are analysed in thickness direction and along the rigid wall. The results and theoretical results are accordance. On this basis, the modal analysis of tank is completed too. Obtained the tank various order natural frequency and vibration mode. The calculation results show that the method is effective and provide the theoretical basis for high pressure tank design

In this paper, based on ANSYS the topology optimization design for high pressure storage tank was studied by the means of the finite element structural analysis and optimization. the finite element model for optimization design was established. The design variables influence factors and rules on the optimization results are summarized. according to the calculation results the optimal design result for tank is determined considering the manufacturing and processing. The calculation results show that the method is effective in optimization design and provide the basis to further design high pressure tank.

This paper introduces ¡p-¡q detection and analyzes the error in detecting the active and reactive current theoretically at the condition of three-phase and four-line at first. Then, it puts forward a new method at the base of ¡p-¡q detection. At last, on the base of MATLAB, the simulation of the new method is demonstrated to be correct and acceptable.

The Lower DOF parallel robot rely on strictly geometrical constraints of axis of pairs in and between limbs to obtain the reduced number of DOF .In practice ,these constraints will never been perfectly fulfilled due to the inevitability of errors, and hence produce series bad effects and problems. Using screw theory and set theory as mathematical tools, the DOF and constraint system of 3-CRR parallel robot, were systematically summarized and in-depth studied. Kinematics design of a limited DOF parallel robot, a 3-CRR pure translational parallel robot, is presented that takes into account the error. The errors presented in the paper consist of two kinds. The errors is defined as the position error of rotation center of the platform caused by errors in the kinematics constants, such as axis error The above research results provided an insight into the error of 3CRR parallel robot.

The subtype of avian leukosis virus (ALV) was mainly determined by the gp85 glycoprotein. A subtype J ALV strain SCDY1 associated with hemangioma was isolated from grandparent breeding chicken and the highly antigenic region of its gp85 gene was amplified and expressed in Rosetta Escherichia coli using the pET-32a(+)vector. The fusion protein, which was expressed at a high level, was similar antigenically to the native gp85 protein as determined by Western blot assay using polyclonal antibodies against ALV-J strain. The fusion protein was also purified. This research lays a foundation for using this recombinant protein for development of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum antibody detection or for production of monoclonal antibodies against prevalent ALV-J.

A field Marek’s disease virus (MDV), named as BY strain, was firstly isolated from Tibetan chickens in Sichuan province, China, by method of co-cultivation of the lymphocytes with duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF). Analysis of the oncogenic genes showed that there were 2 copies of 132-bp repeated sequence in long terminal repeat of the BY strain, The nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of Meq gene of BY strain with other prevalent MDV strains in China were 97.6-100.0% and 98.8-100.0%, respectively, and some point mutations assumed to be relevant to the oncogenecity of MDV also existed in the Meq gene of BY strain. The result of animal challenge test on specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens showed lymphomas may occur in a variety of organs as early as 18 days post challenge, and the rate of tumor occurrences and mortalities reached to 73.33% and 66.67% in HVT immunized chickens, respectively. In conclusion, an MDV strain charac-terized of acute oncogenicity was isolated from Tibetan chickens in China, though there were no obvious difference between the oncogenic genes of this strain and other virulent MDV strains isolated in China in recent years.

A novel method for laser frequency locking and intensity normalization in wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS)–based gas sensor system is reported. The center spacing between two second harmonic peaks demodulated from the rising and falling edges of a scanning triangular wave (for wavelength scan) is employed as a frequency locking reference. Amplitude of the directly acquired sine signal (for wavelength modulation) in the spectral region far away from the absorption feature is employed as an intensity normalization reference. A 50 ppm CH4:N2 sample sealed in a multi-pass cell at 1 atm was employed as the target analyte for demonstration. The frequency locking significantly improves measurement accuracy, and the introduced intensity normalization method realized a ~3 times SNR improvement as compared to the commonly used 1f normalization method under frequency locking conditions. A minimum measurement precision of ~2.5 ppbv was achieved with a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 1.8 × 10−9 cm−1Hz-1/2.

In order to achieve the real-time monitoring internal state of composite specimen embedded shape memory alloy wires, a new wireless monitoring method in which PS021 is used to measure the capacitance change of composite structure is proposed. The micro-capacitance measuring principle of PS021 and the design of hardware and software of system are introduced in detail. The capacitance signal between some two wires of composite structure embedded SMA is measured by the PS021 module, and the measurement data are processed by C8051F330 micro-controller and wirelessly sent to PC by PTR4000. Compared the tested results with that of the high precision LCR meter, experimental results show that the relative error of system is less than 4.5%.

Traction load in electrified railway result in the power supply system contains a lot of negative sequence, harmonic and reactive current. It is necessary to analysis the compensation principle based on active compensation of electrified railway traction power supply system. According to the relation between primary winding and secondary winding of regular traction transformer, we deduced general voltage and general current transform formula, and then deduced completely and negative sequence compensation formulas. It also gives the method of reduce active compensation capacity.

How is the meaning of a word retrieved without interference from recently viewed words? The ROUSE theory of priming assumes a discounting process to reduce source confusion between subsequently presented words. As applied to semantic satiation, this theory predicted a loss of association between the lexical item and meaning. Four experiments tested this explanation in a speeded category-matching task. All experiments used lists of 20 trials that presented a cue word for 1 second followed by a target word. Randomly mixed across the list, 10 trials used cues drawn from the same category whereas the other 10 trials used cues from 10 other categories. In Experiments 1a and 1b, the cues were repeated category labels (FRUIT-APPLE) and responses gradually slowed for the repeated category. In Experiment 2, the cues were nonrepeated exemplars (PEAR-APPLE) and responses remained faster for the repeated category. In Experiment 3, the cues were repeated exemplars in a word matching task (APPLE-APPLE) and responses again remained faster for the repeated category.

A chelating starch (SMAEN) containing amidocyanogen and acyl functions was prepared through a two-step reaction. The structure of SMAEN was determined by FTIR spectrum. The amination extent was traced by estimating the nitrogen content of SMAEN. The SMAEN was tested as an adsorbent in Cu2+ metal aqueous solution. The parameters influencing the efficiency of preconcentration Cu2+ including sample acidity, adsorption conditions were investigated. The Cu2+ ion was accomplished good adsorption amount at pH＞4. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2.69mmol per gram of dried SMAEN.

1. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a well-known endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Although it has been shown to be a novel risk marker in cardiovascular medicine and chronic kidney disease, we speculated that in some states associated with excess of nitric oxide (NO), such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced neuronal injury, ADMA might be protective by limiting the toxic effect of high concentrations of NO. 2. The aim of the present study is to explore the protection of ADMA against MPP(+)-induced apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying in PC12 cells. 3. We found that exogenous application of ADMA obviously protected PC12 cells against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis not only by reducing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, but also by attenuating an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species. Moreover, ADMA attenuated MPP(+)-induced excessive activation of nitric oxide synthase and overproduction of NO. 4. The results of the present study suggest that the protection caused by ADMA is related to preserving mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuating the MPP(+)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation through inhibiting nitric oxide synthase activity and limiting NO generation.

In discussing coal mine entry construction with rock bolt technology, examined the craft and machinery problems as well as the conditions in which to use each kind of machine and tool. It exposed the intrinsic flaws of the widely used road header. The problem is that it was designed according to early timbering support state but is not suitable for rock bolt technology. The way to improve the function of existing road headers is not through parallel operations but using the SUDM (Shield Union Driving Machine), which is a new machine that improves construction. This article proposed a few solutions in design to solve this problem.

The performance advantages of the newly full-hydraulic internal circulation two-platen injection molding machine were investigated deeply and comprehensively. The application prospects were also forecasted. Thanks to the use of internal circulation cylinders in the injection molding machine, the hydraulic system is greatly simplified. Mold-moving and mold-locking are actuated by different cylinders respectively which not only balance the force and velocity but obtain excellent mold-locking properties and high molding stability. The injection molding machine was equipped with servomotor which drives quantified pump in order to save energy and lower noise. The newly full-hydraulic internal circulation two-platen injection molding machine will be the next generation injection molding machine.

Effect of Si content on the stacking fault energy (SFE) was investigated in γ-Fe–31Mn–(0.25–8.67)Si–0.77C (at%) alloys by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. The experimental results show that, with increasing Si content, the stacking fault probability increases exponentially, and SFE decreases linearly. The variation of both terms with Si content originates from the anomalous drop in shear modulus caused by the antiferromagnetic transition.

Thermodynamic estimation of the stacking fault energy (SFE) was performed in γ-Fe–31Mn–(0.25–8.67) Si–0.77C (at%) alloys, and the contribution of the antiferromagnetic transition to SFE is discussed. The results show that the non-magnetic component of SFE increases with increasing Si content, the magnetic component, i.e. the magnetic free energy caused by the antiferromagnetic order, depends on the average atomic moment and Neel temperature and increases SFE in the antiferromagnetic state. In addition to generating the chemical free energy change, Si in γ-Fe–Mn–Si alloys affects SFE through influencing the antiferromagnetic behavior including an increase in the localized magnetic moment on the Fe atom sites, a decrease in the Neel temperature and an anomaly in shear modulus. The anomaly in shear modulus due to the antiferromagnetic order is the important factor affecting SFE and must be considered in the investigation of SFE in the magnetic materials.

Effect of Al content on the stacking fault energy (SFE) was investigated in the austenitic Fe–25Mn–(1.16–9.77)Al–0.68C (at%) alloys by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis and thermodynamic estimation, and was discussed on the basis of anomaly in shear modulus caused by the antiferromagnetic transition. The experimental results show that the stacking fault probability decreases with increasing Al content, the observed SFE increases linearly when Al content is lower than 6.27 at%, and markedly as it is more than 6.27 at%. The thermodynamic estimation indicates that the non-magnetic component of SFE increases faster than the observed one with increasing Al content in the antiferromagnetic state, and both are almost equal in the paramagnetic state. The magnetic order increases SFE in the antiferromagnetic state, and the magnetic component of SFE depends on the average magnetic moment and Neel temperature. The increases in the localized magnetic moment and the decrease in the Neel temperature are caused by the addition of Al atoms into the austenitic Fe–Mn alloys and are accompanied by the anomaly in shear modulus, which affects SFE in the antiferromagnetic state. The anomalous drop in shear modulus leads to the inconsistency for the variations of the observed SFE and non-magnetic component with Al content in the antiferromagnetic state.

Using multiple importance sampling (MIS) technique, the optical communication system performance affected by polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL) is simulated numerically. The power penalties and system outage probabilities are obtained for optical communication systems with on-off keying (OOK) or differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation. The simulation results show that DPSK always performs better than OOK. When the system has moderate PDL (about 1.5 dB), it is necessary to compensate effectively the fiber PMD in order to enhance the system tolerance to the PMD and PDL. However, the efficiency of PMD compensation will degrade rapidly when the PMD of the whole optical link drops into the low value.

Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao, was also known as watermelon belongs to family Cucurbitaceae, variously used as healthy food and in the treatment of liver and lungs problems. Currently, Citrullus lanatus has become a major economic crop of medicinal and edible effects with regional characteristics.This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of the seed melon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao) extract (SME) against carbon tetrachloride (CClIn this study, mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, including normal control, model, silymarin tablets as the positive control, SME 100, 200, 400, and 800mg/kg. After 8 weeks, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN) were checked. The levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutataion (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined after SME administration. The hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathologic examinations of hepatocyte fibrosis were also determined. Additionally, effects of SME on alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) protein expressions were determined.We found that SME could significantly lower the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers AST, ALT, HA and LN (P0.01). Compared with the CClThe present results suggested that protective effect of SME against CCl

Oxidative stress has been confirmed as a contribution to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of many neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are considered to have anti-oxidative stress ability in a previous study, but the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of CQAs in neuroprotective effects are still unclear. In the present study, we primarily expound the SARs of CQAs in counteracting H

This paper is devoted to numerically investigate the structural effect of the permanent magnet guideway (PMG) on the dynamic characteristics of a levitated high temperature superconductor (HTS). Being different from the existing results of this subject, this work considers the magnetic stimulation with translational symmetry (being not axisymmetric) and the geometry of the PMG to provide the external field has been economically optimized by a self-developed intelligent scheme, which makes our studies be closer to the practical situation. We introduce a 2-D finite-element model of generalized magnetic vector potential to theoretically describe and numerically solve the electromagnetic behavior of HTS over the PMG. A second-order dynamic equation is applied to characterize the vertical vibration of the levitated HTS subject to external disturbance, and it couples the electromagnetic model via the levitation force. We studied three typical configurations of PMG, all of which have been regarded as candidates in the development of the HTS maglev transit.

For the multi-objective optimization of controllable reactor of transformer type, the number of turns of control winding and control winding voltage must be got. So, the paper regards a new magnetic integrated structure of CRT as the research object and analyzes the equivalent circuit of a basic unit of structure. Each control winding current is taken as the integer times of the maximum of currents which are converted from control winding side to work winding side. According to the proportional relationship of current and voltage converted before and after, the number of turns of control winding and control winding voltage can be determined in the sequential single branch operation mode. Calculation results show that it is reasonable to take each control winding current as the integer times of the maximum of currents which are converted from control winding side to work winding side.

Identifying condition-specific co-expressed gene groups is critical for gene functional and regulatory analysis. However, given that genes with critical functions (such as transcription factors) may not co-express with their target genes, it is insufficient to uncover gene functional associations only from gene expression data. In this paper, we propose a novel integrative biclustering approach to build high quality biclusters from gene expression data, and to identify critical missing genes in biclusters based on Gene Ontology as well. Our approach delivers a complete inter- and intra-bicluster functional relationship, thus provides biologists a clear picture for gene functional association study. We experimented with the Yeast cell cycle and Arabidopsis cold-response gene expression datasets. Experimental results show that a clear inter- and intra-bicluster relationship is identified, and the biological significance of the biclusters is considerably improved.

The iterative quantization hashing learns similarity preserving binary codes by rotating the data points in a space projected by the principal components of data to minimize the quantization error between hash function outputs and corresponding binary codes. However, in some cases, a rotation may not be enough to preserve similarity by Hamming distance. In this paper, we propose a hashing method that embeds the data points on to the surface of a hypersphere according to the data similarity before performing the iterative quantization. Experimental results show that the hash codes learned by the proposed method approximate the neighborhood relationship with higher precision.

Voice or speaker recognition is critical in a wide variety of social contexts. In this study, we investigated the contributions of acoustic, phonological, lexical and semantic information toward voice recognition. Native English speaking participants were trained to recognize five speakers in five conditions: non-speech, Mandarin, German, pseudo-English and English. We showed that voice recognition significantly improved as more information became available, from purely acoustic features in non-speech to additional phonological information varying in familiarity. Moreover, we found that the recognition performance is transferable between training and testing in phonologically familiar conditions (German, pseudo-English and English), but not in unfamiliar (Mandarin) or non-speech conditions. These results provide evidence suggesting that bottom-up acoustic analysis and top-down influence from phonological processing collaboratively govern voice recognition.

Oxidative stress mediates the cell damage in several neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed at investigating the protective effects of Kukoamine B (KuB) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced cell injury and potential mechanisms in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results revealed that treatment with KuB prior to H2O2 exposure effectively increased the cell viability, and restored the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, KuB enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, KuB minimized the ROS formation and inhibited mitochondria-apoptotic pathway, MAPKs (p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK) pathways, but activated PI3K-AKT pathway. In conclusion, we believed that KuB may potentially serve as an agent for prevention of several human neurodegenerative and other disorders caused by oxidative stress.

Shape memory alloy (SMA) materials possess complete superelasticity or pseudoelasticity above the austenite finish temperature (Af) and many unique mechanical, thermal, thermal–mechanical and electrical properties compared with other conventional materials. Many studies have reported that the superelastic and hysteresis properties of SMA materials can absorb energies coming from external excitations or sudden impacts. In addition, due to the special electrical properties of NiTi superelastic wires, they can also be used as a strain-sensing element to monitor structural health conditions. In this paper, composite laminated specimens embedded with SMA wire sensors were fabricated and a detailed testing system was designed, for example for multi-parameter measuring for impact and weak signal processing for SMA sensors. A low-velocity impact test shows that SMA wire sensors embedded in fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) laminate can be used to monitor impact responses, such as the location of impact damage, impact degree, and strain distribution. Experimental results and theoretical predictions reveal almost the same results. Compared with other methods, the research provides a simple, economic and reliable technique for monitoring important engineering structures online.