Search

The article introduces the history of the formation of the Japanese collection in the National Library of Russia. Materials in Japanese are available in various departments of the library; the article focuses on the largest collection of materials in Japanese, namely the Japanese collection of the Department of Asian and African Countries Literature (DAAСL). An attempt is made to briefly present two topics: firstly, the history of the Japanese collection and the department, and secondly, the history and sources of the acquisition and formation of the Japanese fund. Therefore, the article is divided into two sections. In both sections, the history of the DAAСL and the topic of international book exchange in the library are closely interconnected with the main topic of the article, the formation of the Japanese collection. The author also emphasizes the difficulties, negative factors and challenges faced by the fund and the library, not to underestimate the role of the Japanese collection of NLR, but to show what solutions were found throughout its history.

Copies of Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt (Proofs of Good Deeds) by the Moroccan Sufi saint Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Jazūlī (d. 870/1465) were in high demand in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire. This required producing manuscripts in large numbers and, later, printing the text. These mostly lithographic copies and corpora of the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt, when combined with references to biographical dictionaries, inheritance records, inventories, library catalogues, and endowment deeds, reveal a great deal of information about the public and private prevalence of the text, within and beyond the empire. The Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt appealed to many individuals, from Ottoman sultans to royal women, and from madrasa students to members of the learned class. Its copies were endowed to mosques and libraries, held in different book collections of the Topkapi palace, and were available from booksellers. Be it silently or aloud, the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt could be read in private homes and in mosques from Istanbul to Medina, a feature of pious soundscapes across the empire.

The main purpose of the article is a subject-thematic analysis of the personal book collection of an outstanding Odessa historian-antiquarian, specialist in numismatics, Greek and Latin epigraphy of the Northern Black Sea littoral, Byzantine scholar, brilliant lecturer, professor of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Head of the Department of History of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages Petr Yosypovych Karyshkovskyi-Ikar (1921–1988) held in the stocks of the Scientific Library. The article tells the story of the delivery of the personal book collection to the Scientific Library of Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University in 2019. The collection contains 208 units of periodicals, 10 pictorial units, there are also cartographic atlases (6 units). The main part of the collection (1710 units) consists of books on historical sciences mainly on archeology, numismatics, history of the ancient world and Byzantium. Reference editions (38 units) as well as materials of domestic and international conferences (29 units) make an important part of the collection. Special attention is paid to some rare and valuable publications of the first half of the 20th century, such as the Bulletin of the Odessa Commission of Local Lore at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the Chersonese Collection. It can be noted that this collection is of great importance for the research and educational process of the university, as it contains important books on historical and other sciences carefully selected by the owner, as well as foreign scientific literature, which has not been republished and sometimes is not available in Ukrainian libraries. The collection also gives an idea of the range of scientific interests of its owner.

The Latin American Library (LAL) at Tulane University is the repository for the Louis J. Boeri and Minín Bujones Boeri Collection of Cuban American Radionovelas (hereafter, Radionovelas Collection). The physical collection contains 8,934 individual reel-to-reel tapes containing audio recordings produced by Boeri’s Miami-based America’s Production Inc. (API). Boeri founded API in 1961 to create and license radio programming to serve an expanding commercial market of Spanish-language audiences across Latin America, Europe, and the United States. Boeri employed some of the best writing, acting, musical, and technical talent in the business, most of whom were recent emigres from Cuba, the wider Caribbean, and Mexico. API’s radio soap operas went silent after the company closed in 1970 and as the listening public and commercial sponsors increasingly turned to television for serialized entertainment. The LAL began a multiphase initiative in 2015 to digitize its aged audio tapes. With generous support from the Latin American Research Resources Project (LARRP) of the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) and the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR), the LAL converted one third of the collection’s audio recordings to digital. Beginning in 2020, forty-one of API’s “soaps,” most in their entirety, are accessible via a digital collection in the Tulane University Digital Library (TUDL). Available in the digital collection are programs that span multiple genres with titles like Agente Secreto 009 [Secret Agent 009]; La Hora de Misterio [Mystery Hour]; and Amarga Espera [Bitter Awaiting]. API print materials including advertising, program catalogs, and company photographs will also appear in digital. The Radionovelas Collection offers new perspectives and insights into the use of media for Cold War political and cultural propaganda by Cuba and the United States. It also provides a public resource to engage with and research the history of popular culture, sonic literature, and mass media among Spanish-speaking audiences all over the world.

Dr. Giovanni Battisa Violi (Modena 1849–İstanbul 1928), who practiced pediatrics in Turkey for more than fifty years, was the founder of the first vaccine institute (Etablissement Vaccinogène, 1881), as well as the first children’s hospital (l’Hôpital Saint­Georges pour les Enfants Malades, 1895) in the Ottoman Empire. Dr. Violi established a new children’s hospital in Istanbul in 1905 (l’Hôpital International des Enfants à Chichli), and published a monthly journal for child health (consisting of two separate parts in French and Turkish) entitled: La Pédiatrie en Turquie / Türkiye’de Emraz­i Etfal between 1909 and 1914.The periodical edited by Dr. Violi displayed an international editorial board of renowned pediatricians from Europe (Ausset, Baginsky, Bokay, Escherich, Fischl, Hutinel, Monti, and others), and prominent local physicians from different communities. The journal aimed at promoting state­of­the­art knowledge in child health, addressing both professionals and parents. Another equally important objective of La Pédiatrie en Turquie / Türkiye’de Emraz­i Etfal was to publicise the humanitarian work accomplished in the children’s hospital under Dr. Violi’s direction. The journal included health and mortality statistics issued by the Medical Office (Conseil de Santé) for the Ottoman capital, a world review of the pediatric literature, notes on therapeutics, medical and child care consultations with mothers, as well as articles on clinical research, some of them being of historical significance.The publication of La Pédiatrie en Turquie / Türkiye’de Emraz­i Etfal was interrupted by international political events in 1911, and the enterprise came to an end with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Extensive research conducted to­date has revealed that a complete collection is not available in libraries. The table of contents of the collated copies has been appended for this reason. Also noteworthy is the fact that the publication of this pioneering journal (in French and Turkish) came much earlier than English periodicals in pediatric medicine., Dr. Giovanni Battisa Violi (Modena 1849–İstanbul 1928), who practiced pediatrics in Turkey for more than fifty years, was the founder of the firstvaccine institute (Etablissement Vaccinogène, 1881), as well as the firstchildren’s hospital (l’Hôpital Saint­Georges pour les Enfants Malades, 1895) in the Ottoman Empire. Dr. Violi established a new children’s hospital in Istanbul in 1905 (l’Hôpital International des Enfants à Chichli), and published amonthly journal for child health (consisting of two separate parts in French and Turkish) entitled: La Pédiatrie en Turquie / Türkiye’de Emraz­i Etfal between 1909 and 1914.The periodical edited by Dr. Violi displayed an international editorial board of renowned pediatricians from Europe (Ausset, Baginsky, Bokay, Escherich, Fischl, Hutinel, Monti, and others), and prominent local physicians from different communities. The journal aimed at promoting state­of­the­art knowledge in child health, addressing both professionals and parents. Anotherequally important objective of La Pédiatrie en Turquie / Türkiye’de Emraz­i Etfal was to publicise the humanitarian work accomplished in the children’s hospital under Dr. Violi’s direction. The journal included health and mortality statistics issued by the Medical Office (Conseil de Santé) for the Ottoman capital, a world review of the pediatric literature, notes on therapeutics, medical and child care consultations with mothers, as well as articles on clinical research, some of them being of historical significance.The publication of La Pédiatrie en Turquie / Türkiye’de Emraz­i Etfal was interrupted by international political events in 1911, and the enterprisecame to an end with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Extensive research conducted to­date has revealed that a complete collection is not available in libraries. The table of contents of the collated copies has been appended for this reason. Also noteworthy is the fact that the publication of this pioneering journal (in French and Turkish) came much earlier than English periodicals in pediatric medicine.

Apesar da relativa relevância social da ioga no Brasil, há poucos trabalhos acadêmicos sobre a sua história. A maior parte do material disponível sobre o assunto foi produzido por praticantes, com caráter memorialístico, em fontes frequentemente dispersas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a história da ioga no Brasil por meio de jornais e revistas disponíveis no acervo digital da Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Essas fontes indicam que a difusão e a prática da ioga no país se iniciaram antes de 1950, período geralmente apontado como marco para esse processo. Além disso, as ambiguidades que marcam os significados dessa prática no Brasil, tal como acontece em vários outros países, são produtos da própria maneira como evoluiu historicamente seu processo de difusão e recepção., Despite the relative social relevance of yoga in Brazil, there are few academic works on its history. Most of the material available was produced by practitioners, often dispersed and from a memorialistic approach. In this context, this work analyzes the history of yoga in Brazil through newspapers and magazines available in the collection of Rio de Janeiro’s National Library. These sources indicate that the spread and practice of yoga in the country began before 1950, a period often seen as a milestone in that process. In addition, the ambiguities that mark the meanings of this practice in Brazil, as happens in several other countries, are products of the way in which the process of spread and reception evolved historically., A pesar de la relativa relevancia social del yoga en Brasil, existen pocos trabajos académicos sobre su historia. La mayor parte del material disponible sobre el tema fue elaborado por personas que lo practican, con un carácter memorialístico, en fuentes frecuentemente dispersas. En ese contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la historia del yoga en Brasil a través de periódicos y revistas disponibles en el acervo digital de la Biblioteca Nacional de Río de Janeiro. Esas fuentes indican que la difusión y la práctica del yoga en el país se iniciaron antes de 1950, periodo generalmente identificado como marco de este proceso. Además, las ambigüedades que marcan los significados de esta práctica en Brasil, tal como ocurre en varios otros países, son producto de la forma misma en que históricamente ha evolucionado su proceso de difusión y recepción.

The tsar’s ukase of 1832 ordering the dissolution of monasteries had a huge impact on the destruction of monastic libraries. Under administrative directives, special committees were set up in all Russian governorates to analyse and distribute books from libraries taken over by the secular authorities. In 1840–1849 three committees – in Grodno, Wilno, and Mińsk – established in the respective north-western governorates of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, catalogued the collections of 50 libraries of dissolved monasteries. The available sources show that by 1850 the committees distributed over 15,000 books among religious and secular institutions, schools and new provincial libraries. Over 12,000 books were given to the religious authorities and nearly 3,000 – to secular institutions. During the distribution of the collections the existing censorship provisions had to be taken into account. What also mattered was the material value of the monastic libraries. By 1850 the Department of Religious Denominations in Saint Petersburg received a report and lists of catalogued books only from the three committees. In vain did it wait for reports from the Governorates of Vitebsk and Mohylew. In the 1860s, in view of further dissolutions after the January Uprising, the tsar’s administration again focused on the distribution of former monastic collections. The resulting book transfers irreparably weakened the structure of historic collections of books from Roman Catholic monasteries in the analysed territories.

Archive report and ISAD(G) Fonds Level Description. This report briefly describes the Sarsen Stones in Wessex survey led by the Society of Antiquaries of London during the 1970s, and summarises its significance. A description of the physical format of its archive is based on a rapid survey of the collection at the Society of Antiquaries library carried out in October 2016, and with reference to the available hand-list. Key archival issues are highlighted (but this report does not constitute a full conservation assessment).

An intriguing new opportunity for research into the nineteenth-century history of print culture, libraries, and local communities is performing full-text analyses on the corpus of books held by a specific library or group of libraries. Creating corpora using books that are known to have been owned by a given library at a given point in time is potentially feasible because digitized records of the books in several hundred nineteenth-century library collections are available in the form of scanned book catalogs: a book or pamphlet listing all of the books available in a particular library. However, there are two potential problems with using those book catalogs to create corpora. First, it is not clear whether most or all of the books that were in these collections have been digitized. Second, the prospect of identifying the digital representations of the books listed in the catalogs is daunting, given the diversity of cataloging practices at the time. This article will report on progress towards developing an automated method to match entries in early nineteenth-century book catalogs with digitized versions of those books, and will also provide estimates of the fractions of the library holdings that have been digitized and made available in the Google Books/HathiTrust corpus.

Given the increasing costs of student textbooks, it is only natural that students would engage in cost-avoidance behaviors. Likewise, some professors have modified their curricular choices to avoid passing along the cost of required texts for their students. At the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, the library has licensed several databases that include access to a number of assigned student textbooks. While the provision of these textbooks was not the intent in the licensing of these resources, it is an added benefit of the subscription and their availability is appreciated by the students who may avoid individual purchases. Because there has been no effort on the part of the library to license resources for the purpose of providing access to textbooks, students in certain programs have access to many assigned texts while students in other programs have access to no textbooks at all. Using an adapted version of a previously created survey, faculty were asked questions about currently licensed platforms, the selection of course textbooks, and the importance of textbook availability. The purpose of the survey was to gauge faculty members’ level of knowledge and interest in expanding the course textbook offerings available through the library’s electronic collections. Proposed future actions include expanding textbooks offerings, exploring potential funding streams to support the expansion, and involving librarians in curricular development and textbook selection.

Aldus@SFU is the digital home of Simon Fraser University Library’s Wosk–McDonald Aldine Collection, making widely available selected volumes from the press of Renaissance Italy’s leading publisher, Aldus Manutius (ca. 1451–1515). The project aims to connect these important materials to wider, multiple audiences in an effort to turn the collection into a truly open resource for the public good. In pursuing this goal, a number of lessons about the practice of open social scholarship have become apparent, inspired by Aldus’s work and his long-lasting contribution to humanist learning. In this article, while avoiding overly simplistic historical parallels, we identify various points of alignment between today’s digital humanities projects and Aldus’s own ambitious “knowledge project”: the production and circulation of the major works of classical antiquity.

This poster session summarizes the librarians’ role in Gateway Seminary’s relocation of its main campus from Northern California to Ontario, California, four hundred miles south. The move affected both staff and the library collections. The poster is available here. The Proceedings submission includes lessons we learned from the move that will be helpful for any library planning to move to a new or renovated space.

In the article is discribed the first experience of preparing the album directory signs European bibliophiles books kept in the fund Scientific Library of Odessa National University named after I. I. Mechnikov. The scheme of description of bookmarks, developed according to the experience of predecessors, is outlined. The data on bibliophiles and the quantitative composition (statistics) of their bookmarks are given. The main problems with which the researcher of book marks encounters is considered. The album-catalog «Book Marks European bibliophiles collections in the University Library» was published to the 200th anniversary of the Scientific Library of Odessa National University named after I. I. Mechnikov. The book contains information about several dozen well-known and little-known bibliophiles and their book marks. First introduced images and descriptions 137 book marks 77 bibliophiles, books are available in the collections of the University Library. Among them, book marks crowned persons, public figures and politicians, representatives of the scientific elite (mathematicians, astronomers and physicists, slavist, historians and lawyers) and others. The main problem encountered by a book mark researcher is the limited access to many electronic databases that facilitate the identification and study of bookmarks. Studying copies of a university library with proprietary features remains relevant in the future. Research Book Marks involves identifying housing proveniyentsiy, careful reading marґinaliy and their attribution, introducing scientific use sources that reveal the history of the formation and movement of parts bibliophilic collection, systematization of data and in the future – the creation and constant updating electronic database of book collections, dispersed in funds.

AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH INTO THE HISTORY OF LIBRARIES AND LIBRARIANSHIP IN POLAND IN 1945–2015The author of the article discusses selected academic and popular publications concerning the history of libraries and librarianship in Poland which appeared in 1945–2015. In that period information about the most important historical resources of various Polish libraries and early book collections was made available; in addition, the period was marked by progress in the study of materials originating before the end of the 18th century. Scholars published a range of methodological studies as well as studies dealing with sources, contributing to the development of scholarship. On the other hand, there were too few editions of source materials.After 1989 scholars intensified their efforts to find sources in foreign collections, especially in Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and Germany. Polish collections kept abroad are yet to be fully researched and have their inventories and catalogues published.The vast body of literature is uneven when it comes to its focus on the various historical periods, regions, subregions and local centres. It comprises publications dealing with the history of libraries, their function and role in culture with regard to the history of the book, and publications focused on the types of libraries or individual libraries — of different traditions, sizes and stature. Scholars also explored the history of home book collections, reading rooms and libraries as well as biographies of librarians and collectors. The quality of the publications varies. There are gaps in, for example, the history of libraries in the former Polish Eastern Borderlands as well as “blank pages” in the historiography of Polish librarianship after the Second World War. There is a visible shortage of quantification of phenomena from the past of libraries, despite the fact that there are some possibilities in this respect. What is also needed is development in comparative studies, also in an international perspective, although this would require Polish historians to become more interested than before in the history of librarianship in other countries.

This article highlights new research opportunities on oral history interviews and storytelling. From 2003 to 2013, Goucher College students interviewed Holocaust survivors in Baltimore, Maryland, and publicly retold their stories on campuses, in schools, and in synagogues. These oral history interviews and storytelling presentations are stored in digital form in the Special Collections at the Goucher Library and are currently in the process of being made available online. The students used their chronologically structured interviews to develop their own narration of the survivors’ accounts. The interviews and presentations include a wide variety of survival experiences all over war-torn Europe as well as the survivors’ recollections of their arrival in the United States. The Goucher Testimony Collection adds another aspect to existing archived oral history interviews: the survivors entrust their stories to interviewers the ages of their own grandchildren. The interviews as well as the digitized storytelling presentations are a rich source for comparative analyses with interviews from other collections and/or other forms of testimonies. The techniques and approaches are also applicable to other oral history/storytelling projects, such as with war veterans or immigrants.

İctimai bilimlerin bir parçası olan tarih, geçmişteki tekil olay ve olguları mütalaa etmesi hasebiyle, idiyografik bir bilimdir. Bu bakımından tarihçi için, geçmişteki tekil olayların bilgisi çok mühimdir ve tarihçi bu olaylara ilişkin bilgileri, kendisine ulaşan belgeler veyahut kalıntılar yoluyla edinir. Bu açıdan, tarihçi ile geçmişteki olaylarla alakalı belgelerin saklandığı arşiv arasında muhkem bir bağ vardır. Filhakika, altı asırlık koca zaman diliminde geniş bir coğrafi sahada hüküm süren Osmanlı Devleti, sahip olduğu kudreti birçok alanda bıraktığı eserler ve tekvin ettiği belgelerle de kanıtlamış ve daima tarih bilimi araştırmalarının şümulünde yer almıştır. Bu arşiv belgelerine misal hukukî alanda mahkeme kayıtlarından teşekkül şer'iyye sicillerinden biri olan R-13 No'lu Rusçuk Şer'iyye Sicili'nin, çeviri yazısı ve tahlili mütalaasına gayret edilmiştir.Bu çalışma Osmanlı Devleti hâkimiyeti altında olduğu 1815-1817 tarih aralığı, Rusçuk şehrinin yer aldığı Balkan coğrafyasının yönetsel, sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasi yapısı hakkında ve sicil yazımındaki üslup değişiklikleri hususunda fikir edinilmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Osmanlı Devleti hâkimiyetinde özerk yönetime sahip Eflak ile doğal sınır olan Tuna nehri kıyısında yer alan Rusçuk, sevkü'l-ceyş özelliğiyle dikkati çekmektedir. R-13 No'lu Rusçuk Şer'iyye Sicili'de yer alan kayıtlar tam manasıyla dönüşüm ve değişim sürecine geçmeden önceki Osmanlı Devleti'nin özellikle askerî, ekonomik ve sosyal yaşamına ait ipuçlarını içermektedir. Bilhassa XVIII. yüzyılda ayanlar döneminin yaşandığı Osmanlı Devleti'nde, devlete ait Balkan topraklarındaki önemli bir nokta olmaya namzet olan Rusçuk şehrinin ki eyaletten vilayete geçiş sürecinin akabinde Tuna vilayetinin merkezi olacaktır, ilk akla gelen ayanı Alemdar Mustafa Paşa ve selefi Tirsinikli İsmail Ağa hakkında malumat içermekle birlikte 1839 Tanzimat fermanı evvelinde XIX. yüzyılının ilk yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin taşra teşkilâtına küçük bir misal teşkil etmektedir.R–13 No'lu Rusçuk Şer'iyye Sicili, Bulgaristan'ın Milli Kütüphanesi olan ve Sofya'da bulunan Cyril ve Methodius Kütüphanesi Şark Koleksiyonu‟nda mevcut olup mikrofilmleri İSAM kütüphanesinden elde edilmiştir. Defter 44 varak olup defterde çeşitli konularda 112 adet kayıt yer almaktadır. Bu kayıtlar doğrultusunda, Osmanlı ilmi sınıfının en mühim üyelerinden Kadı'nın taşra teşkilâtındaki yerini, Osmanlı hukuk yapısındaki âdil yönetim anlayışını ve mozaik bir yapıya sahip Balkan coğrafyasında olağanüstü hallerde bile çok milletli, çok dilli ve çok dinli toplum yapısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin uhulet ve suhuleti sağlama yeteneğini ortaya koyan orijinal bir kaynak ve tarihçilerin yararlanabileceği bir vesika olan R-13 No'lu Şer'iyye Sicili tahlil edilmektedir. History, which is part of the social sciences, is an idiographic science because it examines the individual events and phenomena in the past. For the historian, the knowledge of the past events is very important. The historian acquires the information about these events through the documents or the remains. In this respect, there is a strong connection between the historian and the archive of documents related to past events. The Ottoman Empire, which ruled over a large geographical area over a period of six centuries, has proved its power with works and documents left in many fields and has always been included in the scope of historical science researches. In this study, it was tried to examine the translation and analysis of Ruse Court Record No. R-13, which is one of the court records in the legal field.The scope of our study gives information about the social, economic and political structure of the city of Rusçuk which was remain under the rule of Ottoman Empire between 1815-1816-1817. It will also help to gain insight into the changes in the style of sijil writing. In the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Ruse attracts attention with its military shipment. The judgment of the Ruse Court Record No. R-13 contain the clues of the Ottoman Empire before the transition to the process of transformation and change. Especially, these documents, in the period of the Ayans, contains information about Alemdar Mustafa Pasha and Tirsinikli İsmail Aga the first ruler of the city of Rusçuk, which is an important point of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. With the review of the Ruse Court Record No. R-13, a small example will be presented to the provincial organization of the Ottoman Empire in the first half of the 19th century before the 1839 Tanzimat Edict.The Ruse Court Record No. R-13 is available in the Oriental Collection of the Library of Cyril and Methodius in Sofia, the National Library of Bulgaria, and its microfilm was obtained from the ISAM library. The book has 44 pages and the book contains 112 terms on various subjects. In accordance with these provisions, the place of Kadi in the provincial organization is revealed. The Ruse Court Record No. R-13 is an original document which demonstrates the principle of fair management in the Ottoman legal structure and the mosaic structure of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. 103

Petr Voit is one of the leading representatives of Czech bibliology, an author of many publications from this area, including the monumental Encyclopaedia of Book (2006, 2008). His readership curriculum vitae can be located in the volume Knihy a jejichlide. Ctenařske životopisy, prepared by JiřigoTravnicek (Brno 2013). The overall concept of readership biographies is based on the chronologic-issue based scenario, covering the genesis of the readership interests and the development of the reading practices throughout ones lifetime, their character, changes, influence on life, professional career etc. This volume includes 33 selected “readership- professional” biographies of the famous people professionally connected with book. The biography of Petr Voit (born 1056) covers his childhood and years of education, as well as the beginnings of professional career in the Communist Czechoslovakia, with the realities characteristic only to that period there, also covering the world of books, culture and science – deep censorship, ideologization. The key role in his readership initiation was played by the family book collections, containing volumes not available in libraries and bookstores in these years. The research interests in past literature and Czech book have been distilled way back at the beginning of his philological and philosophical studies; the book studies workshop has been formed in practice during his work in the Faculty of Bibliographyof the National Library of the Czech Republic and the Prague antique shop, already after the system shift. It was there where the Encyclopaedia started forming, which was finished in the Library in Strahov, where the author has been working since 2004.

e-codices -Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland [Fribourg, Switzerland] 2005- http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en (Accessed 25 June 2015) [Requires a web browser, and Internet connection. Mobile app requires an iPad, iPhone, or iPod Touch running iOS 7.0 or later. Pricing: free.]In January 2005 a pilot project to digitize 130 medieval manuscripts from the Abbey Library of St. Gall in Switzerland began. The program was an initiative of Prof. Dr. Christoph Flueler at the University of Fribourg with the intent to digitize medieval manuscripts and make them freely available online to scholars and researchers through the Codices electronici Sangalleses (CESG) website (henceforth, "e-codices").8 Ten years later, with funding from multiple sources and the support of the Rectors Conference of Swiss Universities, the project has become part of a national initiative for widespread digitization. Scholars now have free access to 1,363 fully digitized manuscripts as part of a virtual research library of bound manuscripts dating from the fourth century to early modernity made available by fifty-seven libraries, churches, and private collections in Switzerland and abroad.The breadth and quality of material digitized and available in e-codices is a rich resource for researchers investigating varied aspects of manuscript studies such as textual transmission and criticism, paleography, liturgy, musical notation, iconography, and source studies. Users can search the virtual library by institution and manuscript shelf number or by person name to find high resolution, digital images of complete manuscripts. Each item in the library includes at least one detailed, scholarly description and accompanying bibliography related to the manuscript object.For music scholars, the significance of the collections available in e-codices cannot be understated. The manuscripts from the Abbey Library of St. Gallen represent the largest set of digitized volumes-541 to date-and 92 of these feature musical notation. Within the digitized holdings are some of the most important primary source documents for early music notation. Digitized holdings include the Cantatorium of St. Gall 9, the earliest known complete manuscript with neume notation. Also online is Einsiedeln Stiftsbibliothek (Codex 121(1151)), which is the oldest complete extant neumed mass antiphonary and is a primary source for sequences by Notker Balbulus. Early modern additions to the virtual library include the Autographs of Jean Jacques Rousseau project featuring Rousseau's first handwritten edition of the Dictionnaire de musique.The design and functionality of the site by the Swiss-based IT company text & bytes GmbH is impressive. The company specializes in the digital humanities and in custom built web applications.10 In December 2014, e-codices Web Application 2.0 was made public, giving users a new search function, an improved viewer with seamless zoom, a user friendly metadata display, and improved PDF, print, and downloading functionality. The new application incorporates international standards for interoperability and adheres to the Text Encoding Initiative standards (specifically, TEI-P5) for electronic manuscript descriptions. In all, the v2.0 upgrade reflects the commitment of e-codices to meet the most current needs of digital scholarship and accessibility to resources.InterfaceThe home page of the site features a colorful banner cycling through manuscript images. More than a slideshow of beautiful illuminations, the twenty-one slides are linked pages for each of the e-codices subprojects providing collection overviews and project information.Below the banner, the page frame is separated into two columns. One column is a list of manuscript collections for the entire site. On the right, the smaller column contains news updates as manuscripts recently added, a quarterly newsletter, and press coverage for the site.Above the banner is a navigation ribbon with options for the user that remain visible on all pages of the site. …

Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti'nin mahkeme kayıtlarını kapsayan şer'iye sicillerinden Rusçuk'a ait R–36 numaralı defterin transkribe edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu sayede çok değerli bir materyal istifadeye sunulmuş olacaktır.R–36 numaralı Rusçuk Şer'iye Sicili, Bulgaristan'ın Milli Kütüphanesi olan ve Sofya'da bulunan Cyril ve Methodius Kütüphanesi Şark Koleksiyonu'nda mevcut olup mikrofilmleri Tarih Bölümü öğretim üyelerince üniversitemize kazandırılmıştır.Defterin bugünkü alfabe ile yazımı sırasında basit transkripsiyon kuralları uygulanmıştır. Transkripsiyonu yapılan metindeki hükümler, tarihsel bakış açısı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Konuyu tamamlamak bakımından Osmanlı hukuk sistemi ile ilgili birtakım kavramlar tanıtılmış ve Rusçuk Kazası'nın tarihi hakkında kısaca bilgi verilmiştir.Çeşitli konularda 276 adet hükmün yer aldığı defter, dönemin siyasi, sosyoekonomik, askeri ve kültürel yönleri hakkında fikir vermektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında Osmanlı Devleti'nin merkez dışındaki uygulamaları ve Tuna kıyısındaki şehrin Osmanlı tarihindeki önemi de ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışan metin orjinaldir ve araştırmacıların yararlanabileceği bir tarihi vesikadır.Yapılan bu çalışma Osmanlı Tarihi araştırmalarına ve araştırmacılarına katkı sağlanması amacıyla incelenmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Rusçuk, sicil, mahkeme This study aims to transcribe and evaluate the notebook no R – 36 which contains sheriah judical records of Rusçuk City of Ottoman Empire. Transcription and evaluation of this material may presen a valuable source for further resarches. No: R – 36 Rusçuk Sheriah Court Record is available at Oriental Collection of Sofia Cyril and Methodist Library in Bulgaria. Microfilms of the material was brought in by the members of History Department to our university. Simple transcription rules were used during the rewriting of the material with current Turkish alphabeth. Verdicts in the text were evaluated by a historical view point.Some concepts considering Otoman Legal System were explained and a short history of Rusçuk City was included to make the subject more clear.The notebook which contains 276 verdicts gives some idea about politics, sosyo – economics, military and cultural aspects of the era. Through these information, social implementations of The Ottoman Empire, apart from the center may be comprehended better and the importance of the city located by river Danube can be seen.Furthermore, text worked is original and protected its importance in terms of historical material for usage of researcher.This study in Ottoman history and research examined in order to contribute to researchers.Key words: Rusçuk, record, court. 494

The article discusses a newly-discovered collection of administrative documents and correspondence from the Russkii zagranichnyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian Historical Archive Abroad], which was active 1924–1945. The collection is housed in the Slavonic Library in Prague. It is important for both the history of the archive itself and the history of the Russian emigration. An inventory list of the collection is now available on the library's Web site.

The University of Mississippi offers many resources for studying the history of the accounting profession around the world. The accountancy library holdings are the largest of any library in the world, including virtually everything published in English during the past century, and many earlier items. In addition to tens of thousands of books and over 1,000 accounting and finance journal titles, there are tens of thousands of pamphlets, speeches, committee reports, photos, and courtroom documents that exist at no other library in the world. There are also hundreds of archival collections of old business records that serve as primary resources for all kinds of accounting research. The J.D. Williams Library at the University of Mississippi is truly the international center of accounting research, and many of its resources are available on the Internet to anyone within reach of a computer. The purpose of the article is to describe the various accounting library collections with particular emphasis on the research resources available internationally through the Internet.

Peter Hauge: J.A. Scheibe and Copenhagen Johann Adolph Scheibe (1708−1776), a German composer and theorist, settled in Denmark in 1740 employed as Christian VI’s new chapel master. He is, in particular, known for his periodical Critischer Musikus published during the years 1737−40 in which he includes a famous critique of J.S. Bach’s musical style. Though Scheibe was indeed a highly productive and popular composer in his day his works are rather unknown and the majority of them are only available in manuscript in the collections of The Royal Library, among other places. The first part of the article deals with Scheibe’s connections with members of the the circle of intellectual immigrants that settled in Copenhagen during the eighteenth century, which included J.E. Schlegel, F.G. Klopstock, H.W. Gerstenberg, J.A. Cramer and J.B. Basedow. The subjects in which they showed a great interest were for instance the relationship between text and music, but also subjects such as education, history (Scandinavian), language, religion and philology were given due attention. The second part of the article discusses the problems involved in establishing a complete list of Scheibe’s works, in particular his compositions. For instance, should the list only include works that have survived or should it also include those which are referred to in contemporary sources such as newspapers, journals and published booklets but have since been lost? And how may such a list reflect Scheibe’s importance for the musical environment in Copenhagen during the second half of the eighteenth century?

Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), one of the founding figures of vertebrate palaeontology, pursued a successful scientific career despite the political upheavals in France during his lifetime. In the 1790s, Cuvier's work on fossils of large mammals including mammoths enabled him to show that extinction was a scientific fact. In 1812 Cuvier published this four-volume illustrated collection of his papers on palaeontology, osteology (notably dentition) and stratigraphy. It was followed in 1817 by his famous Le règne animal, available in the Cambridge Library Collection both in French and in Edward Griffith's expanded English translation (1827–35). Volume 3 of Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles recounts Cuvier's excitement at acquiring fossils from gypsum quarries near Paris, and the challenges of piecing the fragments together correctly. Cuvier describes the methodical reconstruction of the pachyderm fossils and lists other fossils occurring in the same rock formations: carnivores, an opossum, birds, reptiles, and fish.

Through a study of “Red Dress–1946,” this article aims at showing how Munro in her first collection develops an ironical style through which the narrator humorously looks back at her awkward teenage self and, in a more deeply affecting way, at her changing relationship with her mother. This work is based on a comparative study of the drafts of the story which are available in the Special Collections of the Taylor Family Digital Library at the University of Calgary, and the version collected in Dance of the Happy Shades in 1968, after being first published in 1965 in The Montrealer. The analysis will focus on two main aspects of the evolving and published texts: the dress as source of irony, and narrative voice (together with characterisation, setting, and ending) as a factor of reflexivity.

One of the foremost living American composers, Roger Reynolds (b. 1934), and his music are well known by those who follow the contemporary music scene in America. Critic and musicologist Kyle Gann noted that Reynolds was "the first composer since Ives from an experimentalist background to win the normally conservative Pulitzer Prize for music," (1) a paradox that points to one of the key facts of Reynolds's music. In a general sense, his music blends aspects of the European avant-garde and American experimental traditions; the influence of the former is apparent in Reynolds's text usage, spatialization, and theatrical elements, while that of the latter can be glimpsed in his innovative formal designs, expansion of serial techniques, editing procedures, and sophisticated use of electroacoustic technologies. Until recently, a moderate number of resources were available to scholars and artists interested in Reynolds's music, including scores published by Edition Peters and numerous commercial recordings; (2) the composer's Web site; several journal articles and book entries, most notably in Perspectives of New Music and Music Perception; and the composer's own books: Mind Models, A Searcher's Path, and Form and Method. (3) These books present a detailed self-examination of this composer's work; the first-listed title outlines Reynolds's more general views on art, music, and society, while the latter two detail aspects of his compositional approach. The Roger Reynolds Collection at the Library of Congress, established in 1998, significantly expands the resources available for the study of this composer's life and music. Through this essay, I discuss the genesis of the Roger Reynolds Collection, present an overview of the materials currently housed in the archive, and provide some information about future plans for the collection. Reynolds feels that his music and compositional methodology lend themselves particularly to archival preservation and study. On this topic, the composer commented: Firstly, because of my background, it happened that my practice-- from the beginning--involved making very detailed preparatory plans, sketches, etc., so there was an unusually detailed record of my "creative process." This had potential interest to scholars and librarians: an opportunity to "look behind the scenes." As I was increasingly asked to lecture about my work, these sketches came in handy as ways of instantiating what I was lecturing about. Several publications about my ways as a composer followed, in journals and in book form. It was not only that I wished, of course, to have my own music understood, but also that there has been a notable lack of evidence regarding how later twentieth-century composers did their work: about the methods, ideals, etc. As I had the evidence, so to speak, it made sense to put it out there where teachers and students could examine, embrace, reject, whatever. Secondly, my work often--but not inevitably--involves the intertwining of technology with notated vocal and instrumental materials. It seems probable that the place of technology--already prominent in virtually all other aspects of music--will eventually become more central also to so-called "concert music." In this case, libraries and scholars will have to deal with this reality in time. There is also, of course, the matter of the web. (4) Karen Reynolds, the composer's flutist wife, is largely responsible for taking early initiative to locate a repository for her husband's scores, sketches, and private papers, a process that began in the mid 1990s. Commenting on this initial impetus, Roger Reynolds stated: There were several reasons for looking into the question of assuring that my materials--they were, indeed, a product of our partnership in a larger sense--would be cared for and preserved. Karen and I had led a very itinerant existence, and at the outset, as we moved from France to Italy to Japan and then back to the US, a good deal of what we had done (correspondence, photos, sketches, concert programs and the like) had been lost. …

Drawing on several so-far neglected documents available in the Burney Collection of the British Library as well as in the Library and Museum of Freemasons' Hall in London, this paper investigates the gender structures and roles represented in English masonic constitutions, pamphlets, letters, rituals as well as newspapers of the long eighteenth century. First, it examines the origin and the public perception of the exclusion of women from the fraternity in England and discuses how freemasons defended this 'landmark.' Secondly, it analyses how and why English freemasons invited ladies to participate in various masonic activities including balls, feasts and public masonic ceremonies. Thirdly, it highlights how some English women, following the advice of some liberal-minded 'brethren', managed to subvert this gender-exclusive principle by establishing all-female and / or adoption lodges in the second half of the century. So far scholarship has dated the emergence of such lodges to the twentieth century in England. Finally, the paper will compare the gender constructions of traditional male masonic rituals with the first English ceremonies of adoption lodges admitting both sexes.

For most of the 400 years of the Bodleian Library’s existence, users have had to travel to Oxford to use its collections. In recent years, Oxford has undertaken a number of focused, ‘boutique’ digitisation projects. Now, as a partner in the Google Library Project, an immense range of scholarly and other 19th-century out-of-copyright library materials from the Bodleian’s collections will be digitised en masse and will be made freely available over the internet to anyone who has web access. Millions of books and journals will be scanned in the course of the Project and the author contends that digitisation on such a scale represents a revolution in the dissemination of information that parallels the impact of the invention of printing from moveable type in the 15 th century.

Sebastiaan Verweij presents an analysis of a survey of surviving copies of James VI/I’s Essayes of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie (1584, 1585) and His Maiesties Poeticall Exercises in Vacant Houres (1591) in public collections. His survey has unearthed many more readers and owners of the king’s books than were previously known, making it possible to shore up previously tentative proposals about the cultural impact of these collections, not only in Scotland but also in England. He also transcribes and discusses in detail three previously unknown manuscript poems of praise to the king that survive in a copy of the 1584Essayes now at Lambeth Palace Library, and via these poems offers a potential reassessment of the bibliographical makeup of this book. keywords: James VI/I; printing history; reception history; marginalia; manuscript poetry Steven May, that the Essayes had influence beyond Scotland’s borders. May has taken issue with a widespread critical idea, the so-called stigma of print theory about late Tudor poets that was advanced and pithily summed up by J. W. Saunders: “gentlemen, then, shunned print.”2 The notion did not convince May, and so he countered with his postulate of the “stigma of verse”: men of certain rank in sixteenth-century England affected not so much a disdain for the printing press as a more general unwillingness to be known to write poetry. By the later decades of the sixteenth century, this affectation had slowly started to erode, not least under the influence of what May regarded as “the most significant printing event of a literary nature”: the publication of the Essayes. May argued that “this title staunchly advances the King’s opposition to the widespread contempt in which poetry was held.” Furthermore, “to term poesy a divine art worthy of the service of a royal apprentice strikes boldly at the detractors.”3This is a powerful and thought-provoking idea: James’s royal authority, and the example he set in one small book of poems, influenced a more liberal attitude toward the printing and dissemination of late Elizabethan and Jacobean poetry as whole. If May is correct, then this was no small achievement on the part of the king. However, May’s idea has not (yet) gained much traction in English literary scholarship, perhaps because hard evidence has been somewhat lacking, or at least, English readers of the Essayes have received relatively short shrift, with one notable exception. That is Gabriel Harvey, whose response to the poetry of King James can be gathered from his copious annotations of both the Essayes and the book that followed it in 1591, His Maiesties Poeticall Exercises in Vacant Houres.4 Harvey’s marginalia have long been on the critical agenda, and his reading is a thrilling example of pre-1603 cross-border intellectual engagement with the king’s works. Moreover, Harvey’s embeddedness within the English literary intelligentsia during the 1580s could be interpreted as a favorable omen of a somewhat wider early English interest in these Scottish books than has been assumed. It is the purpose of this essay to present a newly gathered collection of evidence that fits somewhere between Harvey’s single-reader response and May’s claims of farreaching indirect influence. Obviously, for James’s poetry to have had any impact, it needed to be read, but only an incoherent picture of the production, circulation, and immediate reception history of the king’s works has so far emerged.5 Whereas such a ! 112 sebastiaan verweij 2. J. W. Saunders, “The Stigma of Print: A Note on the Social Bases of Tudor Poetry,” Essays in Criticism 1, no. 2 (1951): 140. 3. Steven W. May, “Tudor Aristocrats and the Mythical ‘Stigma of Print,’” Renaissance Papers 10 (1980): 16. 4. Harvey’s books are now at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Lect. 26. On the marginalia, see G. C. Moore-Smith, Gabriel Harvey’s Marginalia (Stratford-upon-Avon, U.K., 1913); Eleanor Relle, “Some New Marginalia and Poems of Gabriel Harvey,” Review of English Studies 23, no. 92, n.s. (1972): 401–16; Virginia Stern, Gabriel Harvey: His Life, Marginalia and Library (Oxford, 1979); and Jennifer Richards, “Gabriel Harvey, James VI, and the Politics of Reading Early Modern Poetry,” Huntington Library Quarterly 71, no. 2 (2008): 303–21. 5. The most sustained bibliographical examination was undertaken by James Craigie, principal editor of the king’s works: The Poems of James VI. of Scotland, ed. James Craigie, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1955–58). history cannot be written in the space of a single essay, it is the purpose here to lay the foundations, first and foremost by means of analysis of a survey of every extant copy of the 1584 and 1585 Essayes (STC 14373 and 14374) and the 1591 Exercises (STC 14379). Through the electronic English Short Title Catalogue (ESTC) and subsequent research at the institutions it lists, I located forty-three surviving copies: thirteen of the 1584 Essayes, eleven of the 1585 Essayes, and nineteen of the 1591 Exercises (these numbers exclude books held “in private collections”).6 Some important findings have arisen from this survey. Firstly, it has supplied the names of more owners and readers of the king’s books, both in England and Scotland, than were hitherto known. Whereas not all these can yet be positively identified, their existence argues for the wide circulation of these books; moreover, a consideration of the identifiable owners allows for new insights into the kinds of intellectual milieux in which the king’s books were read. Secondly, the survey has uncovered concerted plans to distribute the books in England, albeit on a modest scale. Investigation of two special copies of the Essayes has revealed that the king or his supporters employed bibliographical strategies (customized bindings) when disseminating the book to two very esteemed English readers. Also, thirty copies of the book were immediately procured for distribution among some of England’s leading press regulators, lawyers, and senior clergy, establishing that, by the time the Exercises were printed, James’s activities as a writer were very closely watched in England. Thirdly and finally, the survey has unearthed a single copy of the Essayes, now at Lambeth Palace Library in London (henceforth LPL), that contains unique manuscript additions, not least three poems to the king. The first poem, “Joy of the harte, & Jewel of the eye,” commends James; the second, “If that a king hath fame by due desart,” bestows praise on the king’s “worke” or poetic writings; and the third deals not with poetry in the abstract but rather with the physical book containing those works: “Booke, go thy wayes, and say that thou art blest.” This volume also contains various inscriptions of ownership and a record of purchase that help to reconstruct its trajectory from one owner to the next. The manuscript poems have not before been printed or commented upon, so they will be transcribed and fully discussed below. james vi/i ’s early poetic works ! 113 6. One each of the three imprints has been digitized for Early English Books Online (EEBO) from the Huntington Library at San Marino. The collection of freely available digital images at the Folger Shakespeare Library (http://luna.folger.edu) contains reproductions of a few pages of their copy of the 1584 Essayes and its distinctive binding associated with William Cecil, Lord Burghley (see further below on this copy). Libraries and copies that I have consulted are: Beinecke Library, Yale University (1585, 1591); Bodleian Library, University of Oxford (1585, 2 × 1591); British Library (1584, 1585, 3 × 1591); Edinburgh University Library (1584, 1591); Glasgow University Library (1584, 1591); Houghton Library, Harvard University (1584, 1585, 1591); Lambeth Palace Library (1584, 1585, 1591); Magdalene College, Cambridge (1585, 1591); National Library of Scotland (3 x 1584, 2 x 1585, 2 × 1591); Pierpont Morgan Library (1585, 1591); St Andrews University Library (1585); and Trinity College, Cambridge (1584, 1591). I am further extremely grateful to Kate Ash for consulting a copy at John Rylands Library, University of Manchester (1584). I am also indebted to Ryan Hildebrand of the Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin (1584, 1591), to James Clements of King’s College, Cambridge (1591), and to Betsy Walsh and LuEllen de Haven at the Folger Shakespeare Library (1584, 1591), for providing me with information about their holdings. This essay will adopt a dual perspective: it will largely consider bibliographical data (publication history, circulation evidence by means of ownership inscriptions, and so forth), but it will also indulge in literary criticism, especially a reading of the three LPL poems, in order to make sense of these poems as a direct response to the king’s verse and, moreover, as a potential solution to an unresolved bibliographical query. The remainder of this essay will be in three parts: the first will discuss the circumstances of production and targeted distribution of the Essayes and will also reveal a concerted English effort to obtain copies of the Exercises. The second part will address circulation more widely, by considering the owners and readers of the king’s books that emerged from the survey, and the third part will address the LPL copy of the Essayes.

Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti'nin mahkeme kayıtlarını kapsayan şer'iye sicillerinden Rusçuk'un H.1192-1193/ M.1778/79 yıllarına ait R–8 numaralı defterinin transkribe edilmesi ve dönemin sosyo-ekonomik hayatının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu sayede çok değerli bilgiler istifadeye sunulmuş olacaktır.R–8 numaralı Rusçuk Şer'iye Sicili, Bulgaristan'ın Milli Kütüphanesi olan ve Sofya'da bulunan Cyril ve Methodius Kütüphanesi Şark Koleksiyonu'nda mevcut olup mikrofilmleri Tarih Bölümü öğretim üyelerince üniversitemize kazandırılmıştır. Defterin bugünkü alfabe ile yazımı sırasında basit transkripsiyon kuralları uygulanmıştır. Transkripsiyonu yapılan metindeki hükümler, tarihsel bakış açısı ile değerlendirilmiş ve o dönemin sosyo-ekomik hayatı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Konuyu tamamlamak bakımından Osmanlı hukuk sistemi ile ilgili birtakım kavramlar tanıtılmış ve Rusçuk Kazası'nın tarihi hakkında kısaca bilgi verilmiştir.Çeşitli konularda 423 adet hükmün yer aldığı defter, dönemin siyasi, sosyo-ekonomik, askeri ve kültürel yönleri hakkında fikir vermektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında Osmanlı Devleti'nin merkez dışındaki uygulamaları ve Tuna kıyısındaki şehrin Osmanlı tarihindeki önemi de ortaya çıkmaktadır. This study aims to transcribe and evaluate the judicial book of no R – 8, which contains sheriah judical records of the town of Rusçuk of the Ottoman Empire. The transcription and evaluation of this material may present a valuable source of inormation for further resarches.No R – 8 Rusçuk Sheriah Court Record is available at Oriental Collection of Sofia Cyril and Methodist Library in Bulgaria. The microfilms of the material were brought in by the members of the History Department of the Eskişehir Osmangazi University to the same university. On the basis of current Turkish alphabeth, simple (standard) transcription rules were used during the transcription of the material. Verdicts in the text were evaluated by a historical view point and the reader is provided with ample information about the socio-economic life of the relevant Era. Some concepts considering the Otoman Legal System, to make complementary contributions to the topic, were explained and a short history of the town of Rusçuk was introduced to make the subject more clear.The register book, which contains 423 verdicts, gives some idea about the politics, the socio-economic life, and the military and cultural aspects of the Era. Through these information, the provincial practices of The Ottoman Empire may be better comprehended and the importance of the city located by the river Danube can be better seen. 529

Classical Music Library. Published by Classical International. http://www.classical.com (accessed 4 March 2004). [Requires and audio-enabled computer with an Internet connection. Microsoft Windows users need Windows 98, Internet Explorer 5.5 or Netscape 6, Macromedia Flash Player 6, and Windows Media Player 7 (Internet Explorer users only). Macintosh users need Apple OS9, Internet Explorer 5.2 or Netscape 6, and Macromedia Flash Player 6. Library subscriptions begin at $995 annually for three simultaneous users.] Music librarians and their patrons have for some time been anticipating the availability of networked audio, the ability to offer a wide selection of recordings accessible from any computer. Many libraries are networking audio reserves, and some larger libraries are making parts of their general recording collections available online. Yet for many libraries, large-scale networked audio is still a dream. Classical Music Library is an attempt to provide this service in the area of classical music. Such a service needs to be evaluated in several areas--depth and breadth of repertoire, quality of performances, usability, sound quality, and value. As of this writing, the service boasts fifteen thousand tracks, "benchmarked against the Music Library Association listing of essential sound recordings"--that is, A Basic Music Library (Chicago: American Library Association, 1997). The service is continually adding new recordings, and this number will almost certainly be out-of-date by the time this review is published. What does fifteen thousand tracks mean, though? What repertoire is covered, and in what depth? One must first realize that this is the number of tracks, not musical works. As with compact discs, most works are allotted one track for each movement. Selecting Medieval Music from the list of periods yields seventy-three works, comprising ninety-four tracks. Many of these are very short selections of Gregorian chant (offertories, introits, and others), but the list also includes some traditional tunes, and works by Hildegard von Bingen and Guillaume de Machaut. Conspicuous in their absence are Perotin, Leonin, Dunstaple, and Du Fay. At the other end of the chronological spectrum, the twentieth century brings up a list of over two hundred pages, including several thousand tracks. The century is not broken down chronologically or stylistically, so this list ranges from Debussy and Rachmaninoff to Stockhausen and Xenakis. In between there is a wealth of repertoire with some notable holes. In general, as one might expect, major composers fare better than lesser ones. For example. Beethoven is represented by 762 tracks and Johann Sebastian Bach by 713. Isaac Albeniz, though, is represented by only three individual movements, with no complete work. There are twenty-seven tracks of Aaron Copland's music, including some of his most well-known works (Appalachian Spring, Billy the Kid), but no symphonies or songs. Looking more closely at Beethoven, one finds that most of his major works are included. There are at least two recordings of each of the symphonies, one of each of the string quartets, and one of each of the piano sonatas. All but two of the piano trios and most of the songs are missing, and--perhaps most significantly--Fidelio is also not included. There are some major works missing from the lengthy J. S. Bach list: the orchestra suites nos. 1, 2, and 4; all but a few of the cantatas; the St. Matthew and St. John Passions; the Christmas Oratorio; and the suites for violoncello and for lute. Opera seems to be a weakness in coverage. There are many operatic excerpts, but few complete operas. Verdi is represented by Otello only, and Mozart by Don Giovanni. There are no complete operas by Donizetti, Puccini, or Wagner. Of course one cannot expect comprehensiveness from a single audio service, particularly not at this early date. Some libraries will be able to expand their available repertoire of recordings, but the service should not generally be viewed as a replacement for an established collection of sound recordings. …

In June, 2001 the CITY2000 (Chicago In The Year 2000) Foundation donated 500,000 photographic negatives, over 500 audio- and videotapes, and office archives to the University of Illinois at Chicago. The collection represents an image time capsule of a major American city during the year of the millennium. Every class of individual, event of the year, and neighborhood was explored by 200 professional photographers and brought together in this unique archive. As part of its agreement in accepting the archive, the UIC Library committed to making the collection available at least until the year 3000.

This essay examines the deliberate role undertaken by the Macmillan Company of Canada tc develop a contemporary Canadian literature. It focusses on the period from 1921 to 1973, wher first Hugh Eayrs and later John Gray were presidents of the company. Under the direction ol Eayrs, Macmillan established itself as a publisher with a culture and interest separate from it! parent and affiliate houses in London and New York. Eayrs built a roster of important writers including Stephen Leacock, Mazo de la Roche, Frederick Philip Grove, E.J. Pratt, Grey Owl and Money Callaghan, and helped establish an audience for Canadian novels and poetry. Afte Eayrs's death, Gray continued to publish Canadian writers, among them novelists Huge MacLennan, Robertson Davies, W.O. Mitchell and Adele Wiseman. Both Eayrs and Gray were visionaries who shared a deep commitment to fostering the literature of Canada, which the often published in difficult circumstances and at considerable financial risk. Cet article examine le role intentionnel adopts par Macmillan Company of Canada afin d'etablisune litterature contemporaine au Canada. L'article porte sur les annees 1921 a 1973 lorsque tour d'abord Hugh Eayrs puffs John Gray etaient presidents de l'entreprise. Sous la direction de M. Eayrs, Macmillan s'est etabli comme une maison d'edition ayant une culture et des interets differents de ses maisons mere et affiliee de Londres et New York. Eayrs a encourage son groupe d'ecrivains importants comprenait Stephen Leacock, Mazo de la Roche, Frederick Philip Grove E.J. Pratt, Grey Owl et Morley Callaghan qui ont aide A former une appreciation pour la poesie et les romans canadiens. Apres le deces de Eayrs, John Gray a continue A publier des ecrivains canadiens, dont les romanciers Hugh MacLennan, Robertson Davies, W.O. Mitchell et Adele Wiseman. Eayrs et Gray etaient tous les deux des visionnaires qui etaient tres devoues a la promotion de la litterature canadienne qu'ils ont publiee - souvent dans des circonstances difficiles et en prenant des risques financiers consWiables. The Macmillan Company of Canada, along with Ryerson Press and McClelland & Stewart, has been described as "one of the foremost Canadian publishers of the twentieth century" (Spadoni, "Bibliography" 38). Macmillan was instrumental in developing Canadian letters and in shaping the culture of Canada. Literary historian Bruce Whiteman confirms that "Macmillan was willing to support at an early stage, both morally and financially, authors who were eventually to play key roles in modern Canadian literature" ("Archive" v). This essay examines the deliberate role undertaken by Macmillan to develop a contemporary Canadian literature. It focusses on the period from 1921 to 1973, when first Hugh Smithurst Eayrs and later John Morgan Gray were presidents of the company. Under the direction of Eayrs, Macmillan established itself as a publisher with a culture and interest separate from its parent and affiliate houses in London and New York. Eayrs, so encouraging of Canadian writers, fostered Macmillan's "enviable reputation for publishing Canadian books" (Whiteman, "Early" 70). His roster of important writers included Stephen Leacock, Mazo de la Roche, Frederick Philip Grove, EJ. Pratt, Grey Owl and Morley Callaghan, and helped establish an audience for Canadian novels and poetry. After Eayrs's death, Gray continued to publish Canadian writers, among them novelists Hugh MacLennan, Robertson Davies, W.O. Mitchell and Adele Wiseman. Throughout his tenure as president of the company, Gray was, in fact, "one of the most highly regarded publishers in Canada" (Whiteman, "Archive" vii). Both Eayrs and Gray were visionaries who shared a deep commitment to fostering Canadian literature, which they often published in difficult circumstances and at considerable financial risk. The Macmillan Company of Canada fonds - housed at the William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections, McMaster University Library - is a vast and rich treasure trove of archival documents available for scholarly use. …

The rich musical heritage and vital musical traditions of Brazil are the subject of increasing interest throughout the world. Contemporary popular musicians draw large and enthusiastic audiences in the United States, where knowledge of Brazilian music was long limited to the bossa nova of the early 1960s, heard in jazz interpretations by American musicians. The vitality of contemporary Brazilian music in the classical tradition is increasingly acknowledged as well, but a longer overview of music history in Brazil is more difficult to gain for musicians outside (or even inside) the country. A number of signficant stumbling blocks confront the researcher in Brazilian music. Only a tiny fraction of the musical production of Brazil in the almost two centuries since it achieved independence from Portugal in 1822 is available to scholars in American libraries. Of the vast number of musical scores printed in Brazil during this period, very few have been reprinted since their first publication. Bibliographical access to these scores is difficult, as they are not indexed in published catalogs of the holdings of the major collections. Library catalogs in Brazil will eventually be available as OPACs searchable over the Web, but most catalog information is accessible only as local card files. Bibliographies of scholarly work on music by Brazilians are few. Monographs on music published in Brazil commonly lack indexes, making their consultation difficult. A second edition of the most important reference work on Brazilian music, the Enciclopedia da musica brasileira, [1] has just been published, but from an extra-Brazilian point of view, the work has some liabilities, chief among them being the adoption of a single, integrated bibliography at the back of the volume rather than the provision of bibliography for each entry. Scholarship in Brazilian music by researchers from outside the country has not been extensive, which is perhaps not surprising given the low priority of lusophone language and culture in the United States, and even the most fundamental works in Portuguese are unavailable in English translation (for example, the writings of the modernist and nationalist Mario de Andrade). Three of the major music libraries in Rio de Janeiro are the Music Section of the National Library; the collection of the late scholar Mozart de Araujo, now housed at the library of the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil; and the Biblioteca Alberto Nepomuceno, the library of the Escola de Musica of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). The Escola de Musica is one of the oldest continuously operating musical institutions in Brazil, having been founded as the Conservatorio de Musica in 1841. It was incorporated into the Academia de Belas Artes in 1855. The Conservatorio de Musica moved into its first purpose-built quarters in 1872. The change from imperial government to a republic in 1889 affected many of the cultural institutions of the empire, including the Conservatorio, which was replaced by the Instituto Nacional de Musica (INM) in 1890, with composer Leopold Miguez as director. The INM moved to the present location of the Escola de Musica in 1910, occupying what had formerly been the edifice of t he National Library. New construction, including a concert hall, was necessary, and the physical plant arrived at its present configuration in 1922. The institution has gone through various administrative changes over the years, becoming a part of the Universidade do Rio de Janeiro after the revolution of 1930. The university was renamed the Universidade do Brasil in 1937, and received its present appellation, the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, in 1965. The library, named for the second director of the INM, composer Alberto Nepomuceno, holds significant special collections in addition to the resources used to support the teaching mission of the school, including numerous manuscripts of the important composer Jose Mauricio Nunes Garcia. …

Bu tezde, Osmanlı Devleti?nin mahkeme kayıtları anlamına gelen şer?iyye sicillerinden biri olan R-3 Nolu Rusçuk Şer?iyye Sicilinin transkripsiyonu ve tahlili ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sicil çalışması, XVII. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti?ne bağlı bir bölge olan Rusçuğa ait olup R-3 nolu defterin çeviriyazıya aktarılması ve değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile değerli bir materyalin araştırmacıların kullanımına sunulması hedeflenmiştir. Defterin Latin alfabesi ile yazımı sırasında basit transkripsiyon kuralları uygulanmıştır. Transkripsiyonu yapılan metindeki hükümler, tarihsel bir bakış açısı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ana metne geçmeden önce Osmanlı hukuk sistemi ile Rusçuk ve çevresinin tarihi hakkında kısaca bilgi verilmiştir. R-3 numaralı Rusçuk Şer?iyye Sicili, Bulgaristan?ın Milli Kütüphânesi?nde mevcut olan ve Sofya?daki Cyril ve Methodius Kütüphânesi Şark Koleksiyonu?nda bulunmaktadır. Bu sicil ve Rusçuk ile ilgili diğer siciller Tarih bölümü öğretim üyelerince üniversitemize kazandırılmıştır. Çeşitli konularda 213 adet hükmün yer aldığı defter, dönemin siyasi, kültürel, ekonomik ve askeri yönleri hakkında bilgi vermektedir. Hükümlerden edinilen bu bilgiler doğrultusunda Osmanlı Devleti?nin taşradaki uygulamaları ve Rusçuk?un Osmanlı tarihindeki önemi gözler önüne serilmektedir. Ayrıca çalışılan metin orijinaldir ve araştırmacıların yararlanabileceği bir tarihi vesikadır. Transcription and evaluation of Ruse court register numberde 3 is studied which is an example of sheriah judicial records means court registers of Ottoman State. This material has done for transcript and evaluate of court register of Ruse numbered R-3 where was subjected to Ottoman State in XVII. century. It is wanted to offer this material for use of researches.Basic transcription rules have implemented in time of wiriting this record with Laitn alphabet. Decisions in the record that made the transcription have evaluated in a historical view. Genereal konwledge about Ottoman judicial system and history of place named Ruse had been given shortly before passing to the main text. Numbered R-3 Ruse Court Register is available at Oriental Collection of Sofia Cyril and Methodist Library in Bulgaria. This record and more records about Ruse region was brought in by members of History Department to our university. This record that preconditioned 213 number on variety subjects informs us about political, cultural, economic and military aspects of its period. Practices of Ottoman State at province and importance of Ruse at Ottoman history is unfolded in direction of informations get from decisions. Moreover, text worked is original and protected its importance in terms of historical material for usage of reseaches. 237

The purpose of this article is to describe the scope and depth of the historic corporate annual report collections in twelve academic/research libraries in North America. For many decades, a few major academic business libraries have been collecting and preserving corporate Annual Reports (ARS), the reports sent to shareholders documenting the financial status and future plans of the company. Today these historic collections provide more than a record of the companies’ finances; they provide a glimpse into the social and cultural thoughts from the past and the corporate stories of individual companies. Digitization of these reports has only just begun; so, except for fewer than 900 companies (most of which have been on the Fortune 500 list), the companies included in these historic annual report collections are not available electronically. The combined collection of the twelve libraries includes reports from nearly 38,000 different companies. Stanford, Harvard, and Western Ontario have the largest collections. Harvard and Columbia have collections with significant historic depth, while Purdue has a collection with important late–twentieth-century holdings. The overlap of the collections is much smaller than was anticipated. The two largest collections, Stanford with over 18,000 companies and Harvard with over 11,000 companies, have only 3,668 companies in common. The overlap of companies between the largest five collections is only thirty-three companies. This research identifies these collections as unique and therefore valuable to the study of specific company histories and the industrial development in North America. Librarians need to preserve these collections and work toward digitizing them.

The article discusses the origin of the Historia literatury polskiej wystawionej w spisie dziel drukiem ogloszonych [History of Polish Literature presented in the list of published works] (Warsaw Vilna, t. 1–2, 1814) because of this year’s bicentennial anniversary of its publication. The study presents the political situation in the capital of the Duchy of Warsaw, which largely influenced the development of Polish literary historiography, and discusses the initiatives undertaken by the Warsaw Society of Friends of Science community aimed to write and publish a handbook of history of Polish literature. The paper names and characterizes the profiles of authors who were commissioned to prepare the handbook in question. The circumstances of compilation of the History of Polish Literature, whose author was finally to be F. Bentkowski, were shown: the book was initially intended as a school handbook but was finally published as a monumental two-volume work. The concepts of several scholars were analyzed concerning the probable date of when Bentkowski started to prepare the synopsis of History of Polish Literature, and the factors and other works that prompted him to begin work on the book in question. The scholarly methodology employed by F. Bentkowski when gathering materials for the future History of Polish Literature (i.e. research in the book collections of six libraries, including five in Warsaw) was presented and the bibliographic materials made available to him by other scholars, upon which he drew while working on the book, were specified. It was emphasized that the History of Polish Literature [Historia literatury polskiej] brought Bentkowski fame, awards, and honors, but despite its favorable reception in Warsaw’s academic community and its great significance for bibliography and Polish literature, it id not have a second edition in the 19th century. It was reissued only once in the 1980 s.

Many libraries, museums, galleries, and heritage centres are thinking of using electronic media to help them to achieve some of their aims, and a much smaller number have started to put these plans into practice. One such project is the Wellcome Institute Library's Iconographic Collections Videodisc, which has been up and running since June 1993, available to the public free of charge and without appointment at the Wellcome Building in London.

Why ignore the potential for networking all major Jewish library collections' catalogs? for making Bar Ilan's responsa database available to any scholar [or] Halachist writing a tshuvah? Can't find genealogical information? Telnet to Beit Hatfutsot's database server and look up your heritage! Suppose we started a forum for "Jewish" recipes, putting them into a database for anyone to access? I think that the potential is there for Jews to make use of the network in many aspects of Jewish life. Remember, during the Russian coup, some of the only information smuggled out of the country was through Amateur Radio and computer networks . . . when all official communications channels, especially news and phones, were cut off. If the Jews had had such a network at the time of the Holocaust, the entire world would have heard what was going on very quickly, and the war might have been over much sooner.

For most of the 400 years of the Bodleian Library's existence, users have had to travel to Oxford to use its collections. In recent years, Oxford has undertaken a number of focused, 'boutique' digitisation projects. Now, as a partner in the Google Library Project, an immense range of scholarly and other 19th century out-of-copyright library materials from the Bodleian's collections will be digitised en masse and will be made freely available over the internet to anyone who has Web access. Millions of books and journals will be scanned in the course of the project and the author contends that digitisation on such a scale represents a revolution in the dissemination of information that parallels the impact of the invention of printing from moveable type in the 15th century.

ÖZETR-20 NUMARALI RUSÇUK KADI SİCİLİ TRANSKRİPSİYON ve TAHLİLİ(H.1244-1247 / M. 1828-1831)ERDEM ÖZKAN, EserYüksek Lisans-2006Yakınçağ Tarihi Bilim DalıDanışman: Yard. Doç. Dr. Mehmet TOPALBu çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti'nin mahkeme kayıtlarını kapsayan şer`iyesicillerinden Rusçuk'a ait R-20 numaralı defterin transkribe edilmesi vedeğerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu sayede çok değerli bir materyal istifadeyesunulmuş olacaktır.R-20 numaralı Rusçuk Şer`iye Sicili, Bulgaristan'ın Milli Kütüphanesi olanve Sofya'da bulunan Cyril ve Methodius Kütüphanesi Şark Koleksiyonu'nda mevcutolup mikrofilmleri Tarih Bölümü öğretim üyelerince üniversitemize kazandırılmıştır.Defterin bugünkü alfabe ile yazımı sırasında basit transkripsiyon kurallarıuygulanmıştır. Transkripsiyonu yapılan metindeki hükümler, tarihsel bakış açısı iledeğerlendirilmiştir. Konuyu tamamlamak bakımından Osmanlı hukuk sistemi ileilgili birtakım kavramlar tanıtılmış ve Rusçuk Kazası'nın tarihi hakkında kısaca bilgiverilmiştir.Çeşitli konularda 246 adet hükmün yer aldığı defter, dönemin siyasi, sosyo-ekonomik, askeri ve kültürel yönleri hakkında fikir vermektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığındaOsmanlı Devleti'nin merkez dışındaki uygulamaları ve Tuna kıyısındaki şehrinOsmanlı tarihindeki önemi de ortaya çıkmaktadır. ABSTRACTTRANSCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF RUSÇUK JUDGE JUDICALRECORD NO: R-20(Muslim Calendar 1244-1247 / Gregorian Calendar 1828-1831)ERDEM ÖZKAN, EserMaster-2006Contemporary HistoryTutor: Assistant Professor Mehmet TOPALThis study aims to transcribe and evaluate the notebook no R-20 whichcontains sheriah judical records of Rusçuk City of Ottoman Empire. Transcriptionand evaluation of this material may presen a valuable source for further resarches.No R-20 Rusçuk Sheriah Court Record is available at Oriental Collection ofSofia Cyril and Methodist Library in Bulgaria. Microfilms of the material wasbrought in by the members of History Department to our university. Simpletranscription rules were used during the rewriting of the material with currentTurkish alphabeth. Verdicts in the text were evaluated by a historical view point.Some concepts considering Otoman Legal System were explained and a short historyof Rusçuk City was included to make the subject more clear.The notebook which contains 246 verdicts gives some idea about politics,sosyo-economics, military and cultural aspects of the era. Through theseinformation, social implementations of The Ottoman Empire, apart from the centermay be comprehended better and the importance of the city located by river Danubecan be seen. 398

I begin with a brief piece of history: after studying in UCD, Pádraig Mac Coisdealbha went as a postgraduate to the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, where he researched for his doctorate under Professor Karl Horst Schmidt. He successfully completed this in 1974, with the dissertation entitled ‘The syntax of the sentence in Old Irish: selected studies from a descriptive, comparative and historical point of view’. On a visit to Ireland in 1976, he was killed in a car crash, aged 26. The dissertation was issued posthumously by the University in Bochum in a simple binding, under the direction of Professor Schmidt, and copies had been available in major Celtic library collections since then. In 1994, while I was conducting research into early Welsh syntax in Bonn, Professor Schmidt asked me to edit Mac Coisdealbha's work for full publication, taking account of the progress of research in the field in the meantime. After various delays, the book was finally published in 1998.

Missionary Tropics: The Catholic Frontier in India (16th-17th Centuries). By Ines G. Zupanov [History, Languages, and Cultures of the Spanish and Portuguese Worlds.] (Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press. 2005. Pp. svi, 374. $75.00.) This book addresses the uniqueness of Jesuit/Portuguese missionary activities in India during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The title of the book, Missionary Tropics, is a bit bewildering to the reader, at the outset, but toward the middle of the introduction the author gives two explanations for this: one, "to evoke the fact that, historically, the climate was considered part of the difficulty in converting the natives because of its humoral connection with idolatry" ; two, because of the linguistic vernacularization (or tropicalization) of the Christian message, church rites, and social customs associated with conversion." The first reason is not at all convincing as there is no established connection between climate and idolatry. The second reason is indeed valid as there certainly was an integration of native religious beliefs and rituals with the liturgies and devotions the missionaries introduced among the natives. What strikes the reader as admirable is the richness of resources the author used in putting together this well written book. They include every relevant archive, collection, or published work available: the Jesuit Archives (Rome), and every other archive, library, or collection in Rome, Lisbon, Oxford, the British Museum, the State library in Panaji (Goa), the eighteen volume Documenta indica edited by Josef Wicki, S.J., and the Epistolae S. Francisci Xavierii aliaque ejus Scripta, edited by G. Schurhammer, S.J., and J. Wicki, and several hundred published works and manuals which either exclusively or partially deal with Jesuit/Portuguese activities in India. The book is divided into three parts. The first entitled "Tropical Saints and Relics" has two chapters, the first, with the heading "The Sacred Body: Francis Xavier the Apostle, the Pilgrim, the Relic," deals in much detail with the apostolate of Saint Francis Xavier in India and in Japan, his death in the island of Sanciam, overlooking the Chinese coast, the arrival of the miraculously preserved body, fresh and full blooded, to Goa in 1554, ensuing public veneration of the body, the flow of pilgrims to venerate the body and the mutilation of the sacred body, starting with Isabel de Carom biting off the little toe of his right foot and other pieces of the body given away as gifts to powerful Portuguese officials and families, and finally his right arm divided and distributed to be enshrined in the Jesuit Church of the Gesu in Rome, and the shrines in Cochin, Melaka, and Japan. Chapter II deals with Portuguese efforts to discover the burial place of Saint Thomas the Apostle, their success not only in discovering the tomb but also the bones of the Apostle, the building of a new church, enclosing the tomb of the Apostle, and the founding of Sao Thome de Meliapur as a commercial and pilgrimage center. Part II of the book has the overall theme of "Tropical Virtues and Vices" and in three chapters it covers the following topics: "Fervors and Tropics," which deals with the career of Antonio Gomes, who served in India between 1548 and 1554 as Jesuit Superior. Gomes, who was headstrong, fervent, passionate, and ambitious, was seen as an asset and at the same time a problem for the Jesuit Mission. For this reason Francis Xavier wrote to Gomes urging him to be moderate as his Superiors in Europe moved him from place to place frequently. The next chapter, titled "The Art of Dying in the Tropics, Jesuit Martyrs in India," deals with the ambition of young Jesuits, aspiring to be missionaries in far away places to become martyrs as well as the stories of a few Jesuit martyrs, in India, such as Antonio Criminali. …

A field study was carried out to determine how songs from the repertory of chants in Palau have changed over the last century. To this end, several chanters were recorded during recent fieldwork; these sound documents were then compared to items from several historic collections of sound recordings from the Phonogram Archives Berlin, Germany, and the Pacific Collection, Library of the University of Hawai’i at Manoa. The available recordings cover the time span from 1909–2006. Analytical results were derived in the form of spectrograms both for recent recordings from the years 2005/2006 and historic ones from 1963. They confirmed the auditory impression that chanting in Palau today has moved away from a recitative style, relying predominantly on the speaking voice, towards a performance practice the sound ideal of which is the singing voice. Also, the range of pitch employed in these chants has expanded. Spectral analysis also revealed how, in particular genres, the musical form of group chants is structured by the changing contours of a frequency band that is resolved at phrasal ends, when the singers narrow the range of this tonal cluster. This unique technique is one of the core musical elements of the Palauan singing tradition.

The Double-Layer Master-Slave Model (DMSM) is a suitable hybrid model for executing a workload that consists of multiple independent tasks of varying length on a cluster consisting of multicore nodes. In this model, groups of individual tasks are first deployed to the cluster nodes through an MPI based Master-Slave model. Then, each group is processed by multiple threads on the node through an OpenMP based All-Slave approach. The lack of thread safety of most MPI libraries has to be addressed by a judicious use of OpenMP critical regions and locks. The HPCVL DMSM Library implements this model in Fortran and C. It requires a minimum of user input to set up the framework for the model and to define the individual tasks. Optionally, it supports the dynamic distribution of task-related data and the collection of results at runtime. This library is freely available as source code. Here, we outline the working principles of the library and on a few examples demonstrate its capability to efficiently distribute a workload on a distributed-memory cluster with shared-memory nodes.

E D. E. N. Southworth's correspondence with Henry Peterson of the Saturday Evening Post and Robert Bonner of the New York Ledger, both of whom serialized her novels in their weekly story papers, is sometimes dramatic and emotional. In September 1849 Peterson chided Southworth for a "capital literary error" in an installment of her novel The Deserted Wife, in which the Reverend Withers uses his patriarchal authority to maneuver the young, unwilling Sophie Churchill into marriage. The incident would make readers "thro[w] down the tale in disgust," he warns, and he omitted it from the serialization. In December 1854 he raised objections to a chapter of Miriam, the Avenger in which Marian Mayfield succumbs to Thurston Willcoxen's demands for a secret marriage. Explaining that publishing the installment "would have ruined you and the Post," he proclaims, "I stand between you and literary perdition." (1) In her letters to Bonner, for whose paper she started writing in 1857 after leaving Peterson's Post, Southworth repeatedly praises Bonner for saving her (implicitly from Peterson). In December 1869, she proclaims, "The first day that you entered my little cottage" fifteen years ago was "a day, blessed beyond all other days of my life." She dramatically describes herself "as dying from the combined effect of over work and under pay, of anxiety and of actual privation" before he "saved [her) life" by hiring her to write for the Ledger. These letters, part of a substantial collection of Southworth materials held by the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library at Duke University and available for loan on microfilm, are quoted frequently, including in two influential, multi-figure biographical studies of nineteenth-century women's authorship, Mary Kelley's Private Woman, Public Stage and Susan Coultrap-McQuin's Doing Literary Business. Drawing on these emotional, dramatic letters and others at Duke, scholars have portrayed Peterson as an overbearing villain, Bonner as South-worth's gentlemanly savior, and Southworth herself as relatively passive, chafing under Peterson's patriarchal bullying but powerless to improve her situation until Bonner made her a salaried contributor to the Ledger.(2) The E. D. E. N. Southworth Papers at Duke include a small number of letters from Henry Peterson to Southworth and many letters from Southworth to Bonner from the late 18505 through 1890. Although few letters from Bonner to Southworth from 1856 and 1857 are present, the collection does not, in any instance, provide both sides of an epistolary transaction with either Bonner or Peterson.(3) The Peterson correspondence is particularly fragmentary, consisting of only four Peterson letters from the period during which Southworth actively contributed to the Post (1849 through September 1856) and one additional Peterson letter (from December 1856) that inaugurated what became a public dispute about whether she had contracted to write a serial for publication in the Post in 1857. Crucially, Southworth's voice is entirely absent from this archive's sparse coverage of her early career. Nevertheless, based on the two Peterson letters quoted above (supplemented by editorial notices in the Post and with the content of Southworth's letters inferred from Peterson's), scholars have drawn vivid pictures of Peterson and Southworth's conflicts over what he saw as the excessive length and immorality of her serial novels. (4) This essay introduces Southworth's ten letters to a third male intermediary, Abraham Hart, her book publisher from 1851 to 1853, in order to complicate this understanding of her authorial practice and her relationship to the literary market. In a recent review essay in Legacy, Elizabeth Hewitt praises a shift in scholarly approaches to authors' letters, from treating them as "treasure troves of biographical information" (including "compositional practices" and "business negotiations") to attending to "epistolary writing as a literary genre in its own right" (272). …

The United States is a country built by immigrants, and its de velopment and history continue to be in fluenced by immigration. This topic is therefore usually covered in U.S. history courses. In geography, the themes of human movement requires the study of immigration. Textbooks, however, do not always provide enough information on the topic, creating a need for supple mentary materials. U.S. history and geography teachers can locate supple mentary resources on teaching about immigration by turning to the bibliographic database of the ERIC (Educational Re sources Information Center) system. The resources listed below are supplemen tary materials listed in ERIC's database. Materials noted in this column that are preceded by an ED number are known as ERIC documents and are an notated monthly in RIE (Resources in Education), available in many libraries throughout the country. Documents may be purchased from the EDRS (ERIC Document Reproduction Services), 3900 Wheeler Ave., Alexandria, VA 22304 6409, in either microfiche (MF) or paper copy (PC). Check, money order, Master Card and Visa are all accepted. EDRS also provides a toll free number (1-800 227-3742) for customer service and phone orders. Entries preceded by an EJ number are journal articles which are annotated monthly in CUE (Current Index to Jour nals in Education), available in many li braries. EJ articles are not available through EDRS; however, they may be located in the journal section of most libraries by using the bibliographic infor mation provided in each annotation. Additional resources on teaching about immigration, as well on as other social studies topics, can be found by searching the monthly RIE and CUE indexes, or by searching the ERIC data base on CD-ROM or online. These in dexes, CD-ROMs, and online search serv ices are available at libraries throughout the country. These libraries also may have complete microfiche collections of ERIC documents available for viewing.

ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center), spon sored by the U.S. Department of Education, is the largest 'and oldest education information system in the world. The ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education (ERIC/ChESS) is one of sixteen subject-oriented clearinghouses that compose the ERIC system. The heart ofthe ERIC system, the ERIC database of education-related literature, contains over one million citations with abstracts to journal articles, teaching and curriculum guides, bibliographies, research reports, conference papers, and other materials, all pertaining to education. The citations with abstracts listed below, all drawn from the ERIC database, are for teaching materials and background infor mation on the homefront during World War II. The key to obtaining the full text of the materials cited below is the unique "ERIC number" assigned to each item in the ERIC database. Journal articles, denoted by "EJ" numbers (for example, EJ412432), can be obtained at most academic libraries, borrowed through interlibrary loan, or purchased from commercial article reprint services such as Ingenta and ISI. Research reports, conference papers, and other materials besides journal articles are denoted by "ED" numbers (for example, ED388583); paper or microfiche copies of most of these documents can be purchased from the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS), 7420 Fullerton Road, Suite 110, Springfield, VA 22153-2852, (800) 443-3742; ; ; or copied at an ERIC microfiche collection, available at many libraries. ERIC/ChESS welcomes requests for general information or sample database searches on topics within the social studies, social sciences, music education, and art education. Contact ERIC/ ChESS by telephone at (800) 266-3815 or (812) 855-3838, or by e-mail at .

F'or some time I had been deeply frustrated by students who ignored a wealth of valuable scholarly sources in the library, and instead brought unsatisfactory and undigested informa tion from the Internet to bear on classroom assignments. My students approached Internet resources uncritically, assuming the inherent value of more information, regardless of its quality. Eventually "http" in a student's citation provoked dread, and I seriously considered forbidding use of web material for class assignments. But as a historian, I recognized the electronic tide was against me. Fortunately I was given the chance to develop a solution. With the assistance of a Summer Instructional Development Professor ship from the University of North Dakota's Office of Instructional Development, I taught a new upper division course last fall entitled, "Women in Victorian Europe." Due to a strong popular and academic interest in the subject, the course offered me a tremendous opportunity to introduce students to informed use of electronically accessible information. Numerous web sites shed light on the nineteenth century?from images used in advertising and popular culture to analysis of clothing, growing government activism, working class life, unionization, and the emergence of female professions. Furthermore, using electronic media would allow my students access to primary sources in European social and economic history, which are hard to come by in our library. Several major document collections are available online, as are census records. An extensive project on Victorian women writers has historically relevant material, and there are a number of university-based web sites devoted to Victorian research. As with many sources on the web, this information was unfiltered and of mixed quality. With this class I hoped to provide both the critical thinking skills and the intellectual content students need for an intelligent approach to this increasingly pervasive electronic format and a rapidly expanding body of knowledge. The course allowed me to embrace the advantages of elec tronic resources while learning how to guide my students around some of its pitfalls, and the process was rewarding for my students and me. In a midterm assessment conducted by an external evaluator, and in their end of the semester class evaluations, students consistently expressed their enthusiasm for web-based learning. They liked being able to read material on the web and to follow links I provided for additional information. They liked accessing our class web page for announcements and assign ments. They liked the exposure to primary source material that allowed them to come to their own conclusions. In general, they had little trouble accessing web sites, although there was the occasional glitch. Internet access also allowed me to try assignments that lead to a very productive learning environment. Using the Spartacus Encyclopaedia of British History: 1700-1950 , which has a vast wealth of topically arranged primary and secondary source mate rial, I assigned each student a historic figure (a specific factory owner, reformer, child worker, doctor, newspaper editor) who took part in the nineteenth-century debate on child labor. I assigned them the task of composing a biography of their character and a speech defending the position they had taken in regard to child labor. On the day students handed their papers in, they enthusiastically enacted a debate that allowed them to explore the nuances of a very complex social and economic issue. In the process they got excited, angry, and deeply concerned. They engaged in the material and the ideas fully. The class enjoyed this experience so much they asked me to create another in-class debate. In our second enactment each wrote about and then spoke in the voice of a person that supported or opposed women's suffrage. These experiences allowed my students to be part of the interpretive process, and to see history as relevant and pertinent to their own lives.