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People with chronic respiratory diseases present several physical, psychological and social impairments that contribute to decrease their ability to perform activities of daily living and compromise their independence. Occupational therapy (OT) has been designated as part of the rehabilitation process for disabled individuals with the aim of providing them maximal function and independence to sustain activities of daily living and to improve their ability to cope with working and social behaviours. Thus, OT is strictly linked with the individual’s autonomy, both to manage deficient activities and prevent any further deterioration. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is currently a core component of the management of people with chronic respiratory diseases. While it is widely accepted that PR should be implemented by an interdisciplinary team, less than 40% of PR programs in Canada report having an OT in the team and it is not clear from national and international reports and guidelines what their role and their added value to patients’ outcomes. Thus, the aims of this scoping review is to explore the role of occupational therapy (OT) in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs, the current guidelines for including OT in PR programs, and the estimated prevalence and reported or anticipated effects of OT interventions in PR programs.

Although currently major contributors to morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are projected to rank among the top three in global disease burden by 2020. Multimorbidity is a common feature in CVD and chronic respiratory disease, and patients often share the same pathological characteristics including anatomical location of disease, dyspnea and fatigue, among several others. However, patients entering rehabilitation programs for either condition are functionally diverse; therefore, individuals with respiratory comorbidities may not fare as well in cardiac rehabilitation programs. This retrospective cohort study investigated several relevant functional parameters and outcomes., OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and impact of respiratory comorbidities on patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR). METHODS: A retrospective review of a CR database (1999 to 2004) of patients with ischemic heart disease with ≥10 pack per year (ppy) smoking history and respiratory comorbidities (RC), non-respiratory comorbidities (NRC) and no comorbidities (NC) was performed. Primary outcomes at zero, six and 12 months included peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), maximum workload, resting heart rate, ventilatory anaerobic threshold and anthropometrics. Analyses were performed on individuals who completed the program, adjusting for age, sex and baseline VO2peak. RESULTS: Of 5922 patients, 1247 had ≥10 ppy smoking history: 77 (6.2%) had RC; 957 (76.7%) had NRC; and 213 (17.1%) had NC. The program completion rate for each group was similar for the RC (46.8%), NRC (55.8%) and NC groups (57.3%) (P=0.26). The RC group had the lowest baseline fitness levels (P

Introdução: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC) é uma condição que pode levar ao aumento da dependência do doente em relação ao cuidador informal e, consequentemente, promover um aumento do distress associado à sobrecarga deste.1 De acordo com a literatura, na população geral, maiores níveis de atividade física (AF) contribuem para menores níveis de distress2. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi verificar se esta relação se confirma em cuidadores informais de pessoas com DPOC. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um estudo observacional transversal, tendo-se realizado a caracterização sociodemográfica da amostra, a recolha de informação sobre o contexto de prestação de cuidados e a aplicação dos questionários: Questionário de Avaliação de Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASCI), para avaliar o nível de distress associado à sobrecarga, e Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (HPAQ), para avaliar o nível de AF. Para a análise de dados foram utilizadas medidas de estatística descritiva, os coeficientes de correlação Pearson e Spearman e regressões lineares (simples e múltiplas). Resultados: Foram incluídos 26 cuidadores (63,1 ± 9,7 anos; 84,6% feminino e 15,4% masculino). A média do QASCI foi de 31,3 ± 22 e a do HPAQ foi de 5,5 ± 1,8. A correlação entre estas variáveis foi moderada negativa (r=-0,535, p=0.01). A variável AF teve a capacidade de predizer o valor do QASCI em 28,7%. Ao adicionar a variável duração de cuidados em anos, foi possível aumentar para 54,6% a capacidade de a equação predizer o valor do QASCI. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que existe uma relação entre o aumento do nível da AF e a diminuição do nível de distress nesta população. Estes achados suportam a importância da promoção da prática de AF nos cuidadores informais de indivíduos com DPOC. Estudos longitudinais futuros deverão ser considerados. N/A

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A growing body of evidence shows that individuals with COPD have important deficits in balance control that may be associated with an increased risk of falls. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a key therapeutic intervention for individuals with COPD; however, current international guidelines do not include balance training and fall prevention strategies. Objective: The primary aim of this trial is to determine the effects of PR with balance training compared to PR with no balance training on the 12-month rate of falls in individuals with COPD. Secondary aims are to determine the effects of the intervention on balance, balance confidence, and functional lower body strength, and to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the program. Methods: A total of 400 individuals from nine PR centers across Canada, Europe, and Australia will be recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial. Individuals with COPD who have a self-reported decline in balance, a fall in the last 2 years, or recent near fall will be randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group will undergo tailored balance training in addition to PR and will receive a personalized home-based balance program. The control group will receive usual PR and a home program that does not include balance training. All participants will receive monthly phone calls to provide support and collect health care utilization and loss of productivity data. Both groups will receive home visits at 3, 6, and 9 months to ensure proper technique and progression of home exercise programs. The primary outcome will be incidence of falls at 12-month follow-up. Falls will be measured using a standardized definition and recorded using monthly self-report fall diary calendars. Participants will be asked to record falls and time spent performing their home exercise program on the fall diary calendars. Completed calendars will be returned to the research centers in prepaid envelopes each month. Secondary measures collected by a blinded assessor at baseline (pre-PR), post-PR, and 12-month follow-up will include clinical measures of balance, balance confidence, functional lower body strength, and health status. The cost-effectiveness of the intervention group compared with the control group will be evaluated using the incremental cost per number of falls averted and the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life years gained. Results: Recruitment for the study began in January 2017 and is anticipated to be complete by December 2019. Results are expected to be available in 2020. Conclusions: Findings from this study will improve our understanding of the effectiveness and resource uses of tailored balance training for reducing falls in individuals with COPD. If effective, the intervention represents an opportunity to inform international guidelines and health policy for PR in individuals with COPD who are at risk of falling. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02995681; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02995681 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6ukhxgAsg) [JMIR Res Protoc 2017;6(11):e228]

Introduction: Self-report physical activity (PA) measures are often used to assess changes before/after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rehabilitation, as they are easy to employ and more feasible than objective measures. However, the ability of self-report measures to detect intervention-related changes in PA should be determined. published

Background The presence of comorbid conditions could impact performance in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes. We aimed to compare the comorbidity prevalence among those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) and evaluate the impact on PR response. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study, recording comorbidities for all patients with COPD or ILD referred to PR. Participants were classified as responders to PR if they met the minimal important difference for exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The prevalence of comorbidities and impact on PR outcomes were compared by lung disease and by sex using a univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results The mean number of comorbidities was similar among those with COPD (3.3±2.1, n=242) and ILD (3.2±1.9, n=66) (p>0.05). Females had a higher number of comorbidities than males in both COPD (p=0.001) and ILD (p=0.017) populations. Circulatory (64%) and endocrine/metabolic (45%) conditions were most common in COPD. In ILD, digestive (55%) and circulatory (53%) comorbidities were most prevalent. In people with ILD, those over 65 years, with musculoskeletal/connective tissue disease or circulatory disease were less likely to obtain meaningful improvements in exercise capacity. There was no impact of comorbidities on exercise capacity in COPD or on HRQoL in ILD. Conclusions The majority of patients with COPD or ILD enrolled in PR programmes have multiple comorbidities that may affect improvements in exercise capacity. PR programmes may be less effective for older adults with ILD and comorbid circulatory or musculoskeletal disease., Comorbidities are common in people with chronic lung disease and can affect their ability to exercise. People with COPD have a similar comorbidity profile to people with interstitial lung disease (ILD). People with ILD and musculoskeletal disease or circulatory conditions are less likely to improve their exercise capacity after pulmonary rehabilitation. http://bit.ly/2p8WSIn

A key factor for the adoption of an active lifestyle is self-determined motivation; however, it is often overlooked in COPD. Understanding the motives underlying patients’ decision to be (or not) physically active will provide insight into future interventions. This study assessed the motives for patients with COPD to engage in physical activity (PA) and their association with PA behaviour. A cross-sectional study was conducted in stable patients with COPD. Motivation was assessed with the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 (EMI-2; score 0[Not at all true for me]–5[Very true for me]; 5 dimensions) and PA with accelerometry [ActiGraph-GT3X+, 7 days; moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), steps/day]. Spearman’s correlations (ρ) were used to assess their relationship. 60 participants were enrolled (67.2±7.7 years; 76.7% men; FEV1 49.5±19.7pp). Patients’ motives to be physically active were mostly Health, Fitness and Psychological. Correlations with PA were weak and non-significant (p>0.05) (Table 1). Patients with COPD value Health, Fitness and Psychological motives to be physically active, although these are not related to their PA behaviour. Findings highlight the complex nature of PA and the need to further explore factors influencing PA and motivation in this population. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Fatigue is highly prevalent in COPD and may be associated with reduced physical activity (PA) and poor outcomes. This study explored the relationship between fatigue, objectively measured PA and health-related factors in people with COPD. Fatigue was assessed with the Checklist of Individual Strength (CIS20) and CIS20-Subjective Fatigue (CIS20-SF) and PA with Actigraph GT3X monitors (moderate-to-vigorous PA, MVPA; total PA; steps/day). Dyspnoea (modified Medical Research Council, mMRC), exercise tolerance (6-min walk distance, 6MWD), lung function (spirometry) and GOLD AD were collected. Spearman (ρ) and Pearson (r) correlations and multiple regressions were performed. Variables entered the model if correlation≥0.2. 54 patients participated (68±7 years; 82% men) and 69% reported fatigue (CIS20-SF≥27). Fatigue was significantly correlated with MVPA, steps/day, mMRC, 6MWD, GOLD AD and FEV pp (Table 1). In regression models for CIS20 (p=.001; r =.61) and CIS20-SF (p=.003; r =.56), dyspnoea was the only significant variable. Table 1. Descriptives and correlations between fatigue, PA and health-related factors. Descriptives CIS20 CIS20-SF 1 2 2 d THANK YOU FOR ACCEPTING COOKIES You can now hide this message or find out more about cookies. Hide More info