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With the development of science and technology,people need to access a large number of scientific and technological information quickly,and scientific paper is one of the main ways to carry scientific and technological information.As an important part of scientific paper,abstract is an effective tool for readers to retrieve literature.Therefore,the quality of abstract affects the retrieval rate of paper directly.However,due to the lack of writing experience,the quality of abstracts written by many authors is not high.Automatic generation of summary for scientific paper can help the author grasp the important content of paper more effectively,so as to write high-quality abstract.At the same time,the automatically generated abstract can also control the number of words in the abstract,which can bring more content to readers and help them understand the paper better.Generating automa-tic summarization for scientific paper can help author write abstract faster,which is one of the research contents in automatic summarization.Compared with common news document,scientific paper has the characteristics of strong structure and clear logical relationship.As far as the mainstream abstractive summarization such as encoder-decoder model is concerned,it mainly consi-ders the serialized information in the document,and rarely explores the text structure information in the document.For this reason,according to the characteristics in scientific papers,this paper proposes an automatic summarization model based on the hie-rarchical structure of "word-section-document",which uses the association between word and section to enhance the level of text structure and the interaction between levels,so as to screen out the key information in scientific paper.In addition,a context gate unit is extended to update the optimized context vector,thus capturing context information more comprehensively.The experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the performance of the generated summarization in the ROUGE evaluation method.

With the rapid development of the autonomous world, local decision making between devices is becoming important. This article provides a new paradigm (Rock-Paper-Scissors-Hammer: RPSH) that can reduce the number of conflicts or decision draws and thus increase the throughput of autonomous devices while reducing the kept number of records or transactions. The paradigm requires a sealed envelope protocol and sequential message passing between both parties to decide unanimously a winner between the two participants without a third-party mediation. The message passing proposes a detailed record in a blockchain-like format that is not corruptible and is verifiable for conflict resolution. A simulated IoT environment is created to show the advantage of the proposed protocol and it shows significant reduction in mean efforts due to the elimination of draws or undecided situations. Autonomous devices, such as cars, need to maintain meticulous, lightweight, but blockchain-like record keeping for insurance settlements or conflict resolutions, that archival data size is significantly reduced by the RPSH protocol.

With the increasing use of surveillance cameras, face recognition is being studied by many researchers for security purposes. Although high accuracy has been achieved for frontal faces, the existing methods have shown poor performance for occluded and corrupt images. Recently, sparse representation based classification (SRC) has shown the state‐of‐the‐art result in face recognition on corrupt and occluded face images. Several researchers have developed extended SRC methods in the last decade. This paper mainly focuses on SRC and its extended methods of face recognition. SRC methods have been compared on the basis of five issues of face recognition such as linear variation, non‐linear variation, undersampled, pose variation, and low resolution. Detailed analysis of SRC methods for issues of face recognition have been discussed based on experimental results and execution time. Finally, the limitation of SRC methods have been listed to help the researchers to extend the work of existing methods to resolve the unsolved issues.

Searching relevant papers is a fundamental task for the elaboration of secondary studies. This task is known to be tedious and time‐consuming when it is made manually, especially with the presence of several academic repositories. Recently, Semantic Scholar has emerged as a new artificial intelligence‐based search engine enabling a set of valuable features. The present study investigates the role of Semantic Scholar in retrieving relevant papers for performing secondary studies in software engineering. For this sake, an examination is performed to check the ability of Semantic Scholar to locate included papers in recent and well‐established secondary studies. Afterwards, a hybrid and automatic search strategy is introduced making use of Semantic Scholar as a sole search engine and it incorporates: automatic search, snowballing, and use of Computer Science Ontology (CSO) and Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) for refining queries. The proposed strategy is validated by replicating the search of high‐quality secondary studies in the software engineering field. To guarantee objectivity, a systematic search is conducted of recent secondary studies published in the field since 2015. For the coverage test, Semantic Scholar is examined to locate primary papers of selected secondary studies and identify missing venues. The proposed search strategy is used to check the ability to retrieve primary papers of each secondary study. The systematic search yielded 20 high‐quality secondary studies with 1337 distinct primary papers. The coverage test revealed that Semantic Scholar covers 98.88% of the papers. The proposed search strategy enabled the full replication of 13 studies and more than 90% for the 7 remaining studies.

Although regression models play a central role in the analysis of medical research projects, there still exist many misconceptions on various aspects of modeling leading to faulty analyses. Indeed, the rapidly developing statistical methodology and its recent advances in regression modeling do not seem to be adequately reflected in many medical publications. This problem of knowledge transfer from statistical research to application was identified by some medical journals, which have published series of statistical tutorials and (shorter) papers mainly addressing medical researchers. The aim of this review was to assess the current level of knowledge with regard to regression modeling contained in such statistical papers. We searched for target series by a request to international statistical experts. We identified 23 series including 57 topic-relevant articles. Within each article, two independent raters analyzed the content by investigating 44 predefined aspects on regression modeling. We assessed to what extent the aspects were explained and if examples, software advices, and recommendations for or against specific methods were given. Most series (21/23) included at least one article on multivariable regression. Logistic regression was the most frequently described regression type (19/23), followed by linear regression (18/23), Cox regression and survival models (12/23) and Poisson regression (3/23). Most general aspects on regression modeling, e.g. model assumptions, reporting and interpretation of regression results, were covered. We did not find many misconceptions or misleading recommendations, but we identified relevant gaps, in particular with respect to addressing nonlinear effects of continuous predictors, model specification and variable selection. Specific recommendations on software were rarely given. Statistical guidance should be developed for nonlinear effects, model specification and variable selection to better support medical researchers who perform or interpret regression analyses.

Fragmented connectivity in South Africa is the dominant barrier for digitising initiatives. New insights surfaced when a university-based nursing programme introduced tablets within a supportive network learning environment. A qualitative, explorative design investigated adult nurses' experiences of the realities when moving from paper-based learning towards using tablets within a blended learning environment. Purposive sampling was applied. 45 (N) participants were included, each receiving a preloaded tablet (15 running on iOS, 15 on Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean and 15 on Windows® 8 operating systems), being WiFi-dependent, integrated into a supportive learning network. Participants completed eleven compulsory Internet-based activities. Three reflective focus groups with 18 (n) participants concluded the project. Through self-empowerment and supportive environment, students adopted seamlessly, overcame network and resource-related challenges. Valuable lessons were learned within the digital divide, integrate tablets into distance learning from a resilient and pragmatic approach.

Author summary Conferences are great venues for disseminating algorithmic bioinformatics results, but they unfortunately do not offer an opportunity to make major revisions in the way that journals do. As a result, it is not possible for authors to fix mistakes that might be easily correctable but nevertheless can cause the paper to be rejected. As a reviewer, I wish that I had the opportunity to tell the authors, “Hey, you forgot to do this really important thing, without which it is hard to accept the paper, but if you could go back and fix it, you might have a great paper for the conference.” This lack of a back and forth can be especially problematic for first-time submitters or those from outside the field, e.g., biologists. In this article, I outline Ten Simple Rules to follow when writing an algorithmic bioinformatics conference paper to avoid having it rejected.

Counts of Mendeley readers may give useful evidence about the impact of published research. Although previous studies have found significant positive correlations between counts of Mendeley readers and citation counts for journal articles, it is not known if this is equally true for conference papers. To fill this gap, Mendeley readership data and Scopus citation counts were extracted for both journal articles and conference papers published in 2011 in four fields for which conferences are important: Computer Science Applications; Computer Software; Building and Construction Engineering; and Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering. Mendeley readership counts correlated moderately with citation counts for both journal articles and conference papers in Computer Science Applications and Computer Software. The correlations were much lower between Mendeley readers and citation counts for conference papers than for journal articles in Building & Construction Engineering and Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering. Hence, there seem to be disciplinary differences in the usefulness of Mendeley readership counts as impact indicators for conference papers, even between fields for which conferences are important.

I review my scientific career in terms of eight areas and 16 papers. The first two areas are associated with childhood. The other six are associated with residual maximum likelihood (REML), canonical transformation, inbreeding in selected populations, average information residual maximum likelihood (AIREML), the computer program ASReml and sampling-based estimation.

The comment concentrate on the solutions of mapping method that included in the above two papers. We prove by simple calculation and also by using computer software (Maple program V. 16) that this technique for solving nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) is wrong.

Papers describing software are an important part of computational fields of scientific research. These “software papers” are unique in a number of ways, and they require special consideration to improve their impact on the scientific community and their efficacy at conveying important information. Here, we discuss 10 specific rules for writing software papers, covering some of the different scenarios and publication types that might be encountered, and important questions from which all computational researchers would benefit by asking along the way., Author summary Computational researchers have a responsibility to ensure that the software they write stands up to the same scientific scrutiny as traditional research studies. These 10 simple rules make doing so easier by enhancing usability, reproducibility, transparency, and other crucial characteristics that aren’t taught in most computer science or research methods curricula.

Many teachers report using behavioral management charts in their classrooms as a means of managing student behaviors, but little is known about exactly what behaviors teachers are charting, or specifically how. Misunderstanding over how real-world teachers maintain behavioral charts may cause miscommunication between the teacher and the school psychologist. This study sought to determine how teachers collect and track behavioral data. Researchers examined behavioral charts used by teachers in a Title I elementary school that reported using Positive Behavioral Intervention Supports (PBIS). Researchers evaluated charts for ten classrooms (~150 students) and compared the type of data collected by each teacher for each child. Findings indicated that teachers either used no system, their own systems, or a computer-based system (Class Dojo) for charting behavior. An analysis of each of these systems found that Class Dojo provided significantly more data (positive and negative notations) in general, as well as more reliable data than any other system reviewed. Discussions of these findings within a PBIS framework, as well as general concerns about the computer-based system, are provided.

As a basic mechanical component, the sealing ring is widely used in industrial, aerospatial, and other fields. In this study, an elastic metal C-shaped sealing ring with a wave structure was taken as an example, and its performance was analyzed theoretically and measured experimentally. First, an experimental study was performed on the C-ring seal. The proposed method for experimental measurement of the contact stress of the C-ring seal involved innovative use of a universal electronic testing machine and pressure sensitive paper, in conjunction with the hue&ndash, saturation&ndash, brightness (HSB) method. Based on the discoloration of the pressure sensitive paper after contact stress, computer software was used for analysis, the discoloration was digitized, and the contact stress was established. Second, a theoretical calculation model of the C-ring seal was established using ANSYS software, and a finite element theoretical calculation of the mechanical properties of the sealing ring was established. Finally, the contact stress results were compared with the model calculation results of the C-ring seal. The error between the two was small (4.8%), which proved the validity of the calculation model and the scientificity of the experimental method.

The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) causes a significant impact on public health. It is critical to diagnose COVID‐19 patients so that they can receive reasonable treatments quickly. The doctors can obtain a precise estimate of the infection's progression and decide more effective treatment options by segmenting the CT images of COVID‐19 patients. However, it is challenging to segment infected regions in CT slices because the infected regions are multi‐scale, and the boundary is not clear due to the low contrast between the infected area and the normal area. In this paper, a coarse‐refine segmentation network is proposed to address these challenges. The coarse‐refine architecture and hybrid loss is used to guide the model to predict the delicate structures with clear boundaries to address the problem of unclear boundaries. The atrous spatial pyramid pooling module in the network is added to improve the performance in detecting infected regions with different scales. Experimental results show that the model in the segmentation of COVID‐19 CT images outperforms other familiar medical segmentation models, enabling the doctor to get a more accurate estimate on the progression of the infection and thus can provide more reasonable treatment options.

International audience; Illustrators are advanced users of both traditional and computer-assisted drawing tools, and therefore, observing their strategies is very valuable for research on drawing interfaces. We interviewed four professional illustrators in their work environment. We also followed the work of an artist for a two-year period. We observed that artists mix a variety of techniques that involve specialized computer software and hardware such as Adobe Photoshop, a graphics tablet and a scanner, and traditional physical tools such as pencils, paper, and customized light tables. Our findings inspired BricoSketch, an augmented paper interface that enables illustrators to zoom into parts of their drawings and work at different levels of detail on paper. Our early results demonstrate that BricoSketch supports real tasks, improving productivity on paper while enhancing illustrators’ creative ways of working.

Motion information has been widely exploited for group activity recognition in sports video. However, in order to model and extract the various motion information between the adjacent frames, existing algorithms only use the coarse video‐level labels as supervision cues. This may lead to the ambiguity of extracted features and the omission of changing rules of motion patterns that are also important sports video recognition. In this paper, a latent label mining strategy for group activity recognition in basketball videos is proposed. The authors' novel strategy allows them to obtain the latent labels set for marking different frames in an unsupervised way, and build the frame‐level and video‐level representations with two separate levels of supervision signal. Firstly, the latent labels of motion patterns are digged using the unsupervised hierarchical clustering technique. The generated latent labels are then taken as the frame‐level supervision signal to train a deep CNN for the frame‐level features extraction. Lastly, the frame‐level features are fed into an LSTM network to build the spatio‐temporal representation for group activity recognition. Experimental results on the public NCAA dataset demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance.

© 2003-2012 IEEE. For 38 years, the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy has been the premier forum for presenting computer security and electronic privacy developments and for bringing together leading researchers and practitioners. We invited authors to submit revised versions of their symposium papers, recast as articles suitable for publication in IEEE Security & Privacy magazine. Specifically, we asked the original authors to revise their papers to speak to the magazine's audience, which goes beyond the symposium's traditional academically focused audience to also include policymakers and practitioners.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Software Technologies, ICSOFT 2014, held in Vienna, Austria, in August 2014. The 15 revised full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 145 submissions. The papers focus on enterprise software technologies; software engineering and systems security; distributed systems; and software project management.

T. B. Ward (1994) investigated creativity by asking participants to draw alien creatures that they imagined to be from a planet very different from Earth. He found that participant drawings reliably contained features typical of common Earth animals. As a consequence, Ward concluded that creativity is structured. The present investigation predicts that this limitation on creativity is not restricted to drawings: the use of different technology will not change creative output. To investigate this question, participants performed Ward's task twice: once using pencil and paper and once using software made to design creatures (the Spore Creature Creator). Only minor significant differences were found. This preliminarily suggests that changing tools does not affect the overall rigidity of the creative process. This lends further support to Ward's thesis on the structural rigidity of creativity. We conclude by suggesting an elaboration to Ward's thesis that will be explored in future work. We suggest that aesthetics might be one of the factors that contribute to creative constraint, in that creatures that are too unusual would be less interesting.

Due to the highly infectious nature of the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) disease, excessive number of patients waits in the line for chest X‐ray examination, which overloads the clinicians and radiologists and negatively affects the patient's treatment, prognosis and control of the pandemic. Now that the clinical facilities such as the intensive care units and the mechanical ventilators are very limited in the face of this highly contagious disease, it becomes quite important to classify the patients according to their severity levels. This paper presents a novel implementation of convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for COVID‐19 disease severity classification (assessment). An automated CNN model is designed and proposed to divide COVID‐19 patients into four severity classes as mild, moderate, severe, and critical with an average accuracy of 95.52% using chest X‐ray images as input. Experimental results on a sufficiently large number of chest X‐ray images demonstrate the effectiveness of CNN model produced with the proposed framework. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first COVID‐19 disease severity assessment study with four stages (mild vs. moderate vs. severe vs. critical) using a sufficiently large number of X‐ray images dataset and CNN whose almost all hyper‐parameters are automatically tuned by the grid search optimiser.

There is an increasing sensitivity to the challenges posed by the language of examination papers and of instruction in scientific subjects, especially for non-native speakers of English. It has been observed that in addition to technical subject-specific vocabulary, non-technical words such as instructional verbs have been sources of difficulty, and there are indications that other ‘ordinary’ English words cause problems. For many years the aerospace industry has striven to make its manuals understandable and unambiguous to non-native speakers, a goal shared by writers of examination papers. To achieve this, the industry uses Simplified English, a controlled language with limited vocabulary and restricted grammatical rules. While recognising the limitations of this approach, the authors considered that by testing examination papers against the rules of Simplified English, it might be possible to identify areas of potential difficulty for non-native speakers. This paper describes the results of a study whi...

現在，農薬の漂流飛散（以下，ドリフト）の評価法としては，感水紙を用いて薬液付着液斑の被覆面積率を算出する方法が用いられている．しかし，この方法は，目視測定となるため精度に客観性が無く，作業者に大きな負担が強いられる．そこで本研究では，ドリフトの客観的評価が可能な画像処理ソフトウェアの開発を目的とした．本研究では，農薬散布試験から回収された感水紙を供試材料として，イメージスキャナを用いてカラー画像を取得した．得られた画像データについて，カラー画像の色成分分離，測定対象領域決定，2値化処理，ラベリング処理により，感水紙における薬液付着液斑の被覆面積率を算出する画像処理アルゴリズムを開発し，Visual C#によりソフトウェアの開発を行った．本研究で開発したソフトウェアにより測定した感水紙の被覆面積率は，市販の画像処理ソフトウェアによる手動測定結果と高い相関関係（R2 = 0.9923）が認められた．また，1画像（感水紙8枚分）あたりの平均測定所要時間についても1/4以下となり，大幅な高速化を実現した．従って，本研究で開発したソフトウェアを使用することで，全国の試験場等におけるドリフト評価の作業負担が大幅に軽減されることが期待される．

This paper discusses further the earlier work and presents observations on gravel roads with reference to some developing countries such as Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Kenya. The majority of rural road networks are unpaved and are made from materials such as earth, volcanic cinder, crushed rock, chert and blast furnace slag. Further literature investigations showed that factors listed still govern the deterioration and different modes of distresses. Rating methodology are usually not applied and decisions on rehabilitation are generally based on routine or periodic inspection, political and economic factors. The development of a new rating procedure as suggested should incorporate specific and clear rating procedure for dust and loose gravel, application of computer software, and simulation of rating data with Geographic Information System (GIS) for an objective assessment of gravel roads. The new rating system would thus establish a sound basis for prioritising maintenance and budgeting costs, and would also make the new rating methodology suitable for adoption in most developing countries. (A)

This article is a background report describing a comprehensive study of research in the three computing disciplines Computer Science, Software Engineering, and Information Systems. Findings relate to research topics, approaches, methods, reference disciplines, and levels of analysis. The article informally describes the process used and the research products produced.

Aim To determine the effectiveness of a hydrophobic dressing (Cutimed Sorbact® ) against a silver dressing (Aquacel® Ag Extra) in the level of colonization of chronic venous leg ulcers. The secondary endpoints are health-related quality of life, level of pain, and time to complete healing. Design Open randomized controlled trial, with blinded endpoint. Methods Patients with chronic venous leg ulcers with signs of critical colonization will be randomized in a concealed sequence using computer software to receive one of the alternative dressings. A total of 204 participants recruited in Primary Health Care and nursing homes will be necessary to assure statistical power. Measures will include sociodemographic variables, wound-related variables (area, exudate, and time to healing), level of pain, adverse effects, and health-related quality of life. Smear samples will be collected from the ulcers and will be subject to DNA-typing technique through polymerase chain reaction to obtain the level of colony-forming units. Measures will be collected at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Discussion Elevated levels of microorganisms prevent wound healing and favour its chronification. The main target when colonization is present is to reduce the bacterial load to levels that promote immune system mobilization. Hydrophobic dressings prevent the formation of biofilm in the wound by means of physical effect, so that the possibility of antimicrobial resistance is significantly reduced. Impact Current evidence about the effectiveness of dressings to minimize venous leg ulcers colonization is very limited. Previous studies have important methodological flaws. This study will permit to obtain the effectiveness of hydrophobic dressings against silver dressings with a robust design based on conditions of routine clinical practice in Primary Health Care and nursing homes.

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus COVID‐19 broke out. Due to its high contagiousness, more than 74 million people have been infected worldwide. Automatic segmentation of the COVID‐19 lesion area in CT images is an effective auxiliary medical technology which can quantitatively diagnose and judge the severity of the disease. In this paper, a multi‐class COVID‐19 CT image segmentation network is proposed, which includes a pyramid attention module to extract multi‐scale contextual attention information, and a residual convolution module to improve the discriminative ability of the network. A wavelet edge loss function is also proposed to extract edge features of the lesion area to improve the segmentation accuracy. For the experiment, a dataset of 4369 CT slices is constructed, including three symptoms: ground glass opacities, interstitial infiltrates, and lung consolidation. The dice similarity coefficients of three symptoms of the model achieve 0.7704, 0.7900, 0.8241 respectively. The performance of the proposed network on public dataset COVID‐SemiSeg is also evaluated. The results demonstrate that this model outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods and can be a powerful tool to assist in the diagnosis of positive infection cases, and promote the development of intelligent technology in the medical field.

Many microbial phenotypes are differentially or exclusively expressed on agar surfaces, including biofilms, motility, and sociality. However, agar-based assays are limited by their low throughput, which increases costs, lab waste, space requirements, and the time required to conduct experiments. Here, we demonstrate the use of wax-printed microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) to measure linear growth rate of microbes on an agar growth media as a means of circumventing the aforementioned limitations. The main production materials of the proposed μPAD design are a wax printer, filter paper, and empty pipet boxes. A single wax-printed μPAD allowing 8 independent, agar-grown colonies costs $0.07, compared to $0.20 and $9.37 for the same number of replicates on traditional microtiter/spectrophotometry and Petri dish assays, respectively. We optimized the μPAD design for channel width (3 mm), agar volume (780 μL/channel), and microbe inoculation method (razor-blade). Comparative analyses of the traditional and proposed μPAD methods for measuring growth rate of nonmotile (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and motile (flagellated Escherichia coli) microorganisms suggested the μPAD assays conferred a comparable degree of accuracy and reliability to growth rate measurements as their traditional counterparts. We substantiated this claim with strong, positive correlations between the traditional and μPAD assay, a significant nonzero slope in the model relating the two assays, a nonsignificant difference between the relative standard errors of the two techniques, and an analysis of inter-device reliability. Therefore, μPAD designs merit consideration for the development of enhanced-throughput, low-cost microbial growth and motility assays.

This article provides suggestions for developing a laboratory-based research methods course using computers. We describe important considerations for creating this type of course including selecting software, choosing experiments, and teaching students with different levels of computer skill. We also include 3 model projects that required increasing methodological and programming knowledge. The ultimate goal of the course was to have students submit a final project that they designed, ran, and programmed independently.

This paper describes a combined numerical and experimental approach to the development of a software package for simulating the thermoforming process. In this process thin polymer sheets are forced under pressure into a mold cavity. During the forming process the polymer is subjected to large deformations, which result in severe nonuniform thinning. The development of the simulation software was facilitated by a close interaction between numerical modeling and experiment. On the one hand, experimental results guided the development of the software, and on the other hand, numerical developments have been used to suggest new experiments to be performed and critical quantities to be measured. The numerical software is based on the finite element method and the hot polymer is modeled as a nonlinear elastic membrane. Because of the very large deformations occurring in this process, a rigorous large deformation theory has been employed. The numerical formulation also contains contact capabilities for contact between the polymer and the mold and for contact between different parts of the polymer itself. Since very little was known about the physical processes before the program was started, especially about the material behavior and temperatures involved, carefully planned experiments were carried out to guide the selection of the material models used in the software. Since there also was a widespread misconception about the nature of some of the process parameters involved, numerical calculations were used to suggest measurements to be performed on some of these critical parameters. Excellent correlation between calculations and experiment have been obtained and are presented in the paper.

The Dietary Reference Intakes, a set of nutrient reference standards developed for the United States and Canada by the Institute of Medicine, provide tools for dietary assessment and planning for individuals and groups. Because a distribution of requirements is provided for most nutrients, it is possible to estimate a probability of nutrient inadequacy for an individual's usual intake, and the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy among the intakes of a group of people. The availability of a Tolerable Upper Intake Level for many nutrients also allows an evaluation of the risk of excessive intakes. However, some of these new applications are complex, and their implementation would be facilitated by better training aids and improved computer software. These new tools would help registered dietitians become more familiar with the appropriate applications of the Dietary Reference Intakes in the Nutrition Care Process, and better recognize both the benefits and challenges associated with their use. Ultimately, use of more comprehensive methods of assessing and planning nutrient intakes has the potential to further enhance recognition of registered dietitians' essential roles in nutrition care.

As the chairs for the SC12 Technical Papers, we were surprised and delighted to have the highest number of technical paper submissions ever to the SC conference series. Authors submitted 472 paper for review, and the 175 member program committee accepted 100 of these papers for presentation during the conference – an acceptance rate of 21%. From these 100 papers, the committee also nominated exceptional papers as finalists for Best Paper and Best Student Paper, numbering six and nine papers, respectively, with two papers in both categories. The authors of several of these finalist papers were offered the opportunity to publish extended versions of their papers in this special issue; ten authors accepted. Here, we provide a brief introduction to these ten papers. “Compiler-directed file layout optimization for hierarchical storage systems” by Wei Ding, Yuanrui Zhang, Mahmut Kandemir and Seung Woo Son. This paper describes a new perspective on optimizing file layouts for hierarchical storage caches using compilerdriven analysis. The fully automated method shows improvements on 16 I/O intensive workloads, increasing performance by 23.7% on average. “Efficient and reliable network tomography in heterogeneous networks using BitTorrent broadcasts and clustering algorithms” by Kiril Dichev, Fergal Reid and Alexey Lastovetsky. This paper describes a new solution to the problem of managing end-to-end bandwidth in BitTorrent-style data transfers. Their method

1 online ID: 766 Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph Includes bibliographical references and index. Also issued online. Electronic reproduction. Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 2004. Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader or other PDF reader (latest version recommended) Internet Explorer or other browser (latest version recommended). Title from title screen. Mode of access: World Wide Web. English Contents: EU Funded Grid Development in Europe -- Pegasus: Mapping Scientific Workflows onto the Grid -- A Low-Cost Rescheduling Policy for Dependent Tasks on Grid Computing Systems -- An Advanced Architecture for a Commercial Grid Infrastructure -- Managing MPI Applications in Grid Environments -- Flood Forecasting in CrossGrid Project -- MPICH-G2 Implementation of an Interactive Artificial Neural Network Training -- OpenMolGRID, a GRID Based System for Solving Large-Scale Drug Design Problems -- Integration of Blood Flow Visualization on the Grid: The FlowFish/GVK Approach -- A Migration Framework for Executing Parallel Programs in the Grid -- Implementations of a Service-Oriented Architecture on Top of Jini, JXTA and OGSI -- Dependable Global Computing with JaWS++ -- Connecting Condor Pools into Computational Grids by Jini -- Overview of an Architecture Enabling Grid Based Application Service Provision -- A Grid-Enabled Adaptive Problem Solving Environment -- Workflow Support for Complex Grid Applications: Integrated and Portal Solutions -- Debugging MPI Grid Applications Using Net-dbx -- Towards an UML Based Graphical Representation of Grid Workflow Applications -- Support for User-Defined Metrics in the Online Performance Analysis Tool G-PM -- Software Engineering in the EU CrossGrid Project -- Monitoring Message-Passing Parallel Applications in the Grid with GRM and Mercury Monitor -- Lhcmaster – A System for Storage and Analysis of Data Coming from the ATLAS Simulations -- Using Global Snapshots to Access Data Streams on the Grid -- SCALEA-G: A Unified Monitoring and Performance Analysis System for the Grid -- Application Monitoring in CrossGrid and Other Grid Projects -- Grid Infrastructure Monitoring as Reliable Information Service -- Towards a Protocol for the Attachment of Semantic Descriptions to Grid Services -- Semantic Matching of Grid Resource Descriptions -- Enabling Knowledge Discovery Services on Grids -- A Grid Service Framework for Metadata Management in Self-e-Learning Networks. Summary: The 2nd European AcrossGrids Conference (AxGrids 2004) aimed to examine the state ofthe artinresearchandtechnologydevelopmentsinGridComputing, and provide a forum for the presentation and exchange of views on the latest grid-related research results and future work. The conference was organized by CrossGrid, a European Union-funded project on Grid research, GRIDSTART, the EU-sponsored initiative for consolidating technical advances in grids in - rope, and the University of Cyprus. It continued on from the successful 1st European Across Grids Conference, held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, in February 2003. AxGrids 2004 was run in conjunction with the 2nd IST Conc- tation Meeting on Grid Research, which brought together representatives from allEU-funded projectsonGridresearchforanexchangeofexperiencesandideas regarding recent developments in European grid research. TheconferencewashostedinNicosia,thecapitalofCyprus,andattracted- thorsandattendeesfromalloverEurope,theUSA,andEastAsia. TheProgram Committee of the conference consisted of 37 people from both academia and - dustry, and there were 13 external reviewers. Overall, AxGrids 2004 attracted 57 paper submissions (42 full papers and 15 short posters). Papers underwent a thorough review by several Program Committee members and external - viewers. After the review, the Program Chair decided to accept 26 papers (out of 42) for regular presentations, 8 papers for short presentations, and 13 - pers for poster presentations. Accepted papers underwent a second review for inclusion this postproceedings volume, published as part of Springer’s Lecture Notes in Computer Science series.

The elimination of Salmonella and Shigella from drinking water by electrolysis methods is the purpose of this study. The removal efficiency of bacteria was evaluated in different situations of pH (6–8), time (10; 20; 40 min) and voltages (10; 20; 30; 40 V) and the optimum conditions were found. Tests were also performed in optimum conditions on the influent sewage of chlorination pool. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient. The optimum conditions for elimination 105Salmonella and 102Shigella per milliliter were obtained at pH 7, the voltage of 20 V, and electrolysis time 20 min. In optimal conditions, the maximum removal efficiency of Salmonella and Shigella in both two synthetic and real samples were 100 and 99.9%, respectively. Due to the high efficiency of electrolysis method to eliminate Salmonella and Shigella, and also advantages such as relatively low-cost, non-production the disinfection byproducts and high efficiency is an effective method to remove fecal coliforms from drinking water.

Scholars traditionally receive career credit for a paper based on where in the author list they appear, but position in an author list often carries little information about what the contribution of each researcher was. “Contributorship” refers to a movement to formally document the nature of each researcher’s contribution to a project. We discuss the emerging CRediT standard for documenting contributions and describe a web-based app and R package called tenzing that is designed to facilitate its use. tenzing can make it easier for researchers on a project to plan and record their planned contributions and to document those contributions in a journal article.

BACKGROUND: Persistent cognitive impairment is prevalent in unipolar and bipolar disorders and is associated with decreased quality of life and psychosocial dysfunction. The screen for cognitive impairment in psychiatry (SCIP) test is a validated paper-and-pencil instrument for the assessment of cognition in affective disorders. However, there is no digital cognitive screening tool for the brief and accurate assessment of cognitive impairments in this patient group.OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we present the design process and feasibility study of the internet-based cognitive assessment tool (ICAT) that is designed based on the cognitive tasks of the SCIP. The aims of this feasibility study were to perform the following tasks among healthy individuals: (1) evaluate the usability of the ICAT, (2) investigate the feasibility of the ICAT as a patient-administered cognitive assessment tool, and (3) examine the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) for the assessment of verbal recall.METHODS: The ICAT was developed in a user-centered design process. The cognitive measures of the ICAT were immediate and delayed recall, working memory, and psychomotor speed. Usability and feasibility studies were conducted separately with 2 groups of healthy individuals (N=21 and N=19, respectively). ICAT tests were available in the English and Danish languages. The participants were asked to fill in the post study system usability questionnaire (PSSUQ) upon completing the ICAT test. Verbal recall in the ICAT was assessed using ASR, and the performance evaluation criterion was word error rate (WER). A Pearson 2-tailed correlation analysis significant at the .05 level was applied to investigate the association between the SCIP and ICAT scores.RESULTS: The overall psychometric factors of PSSUQ for both studies gave scores above 4 (out of 5). The analysis of the feasibility study revealed a moderate to strong correlation between the total scores of the SCIP and ICAT (r=0.63; P=.009). There were also moderate to strong correlations between the SCIP and ICAT subtests for immediate verbal recall (r=0.67; P=.002) and psychomotor speed (r=0.71; P=.001). The associations between the respective subtests for working memory, executive function, and delayed recall, however, were not statistically significant. The corresponding WER for English and Danish responses were 17.8% and 6.3%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The ICAT is the first digital screening instrument modified from the SCIP using Web-based technology and ASR. There was good accuracy of the ASR for verbal memory assessment. The moderate correlation between the ICAT and SCIP scores suggests that the ICAT is a valid tool for assessing cognition, although this should be confirmed in a larger study with greater statistical power. Taken together, the ICAT seems to be a valid Web-based cognitive assessment tool that, after some minor modifications and further validation, may be used to screen for cognitive impairment in clinical settings.

For some time now, Pediatrics has been grappling with one of the problems that every journal loves to have: a steadily increasing volume of manuscript submissions. Since 1995 computer software has helped us keep track of the whereabouts and history of this growing number of submissions. For more than half a decade this software has served us well, allowing us to find out, with just a few keystrokes, whether an article was with a reviewer, under revision with an author, waiting for a missing figure at our editorial office, or undergoing cosmetic surgery with one of our copyeditors. Although this software has been very good at telling us where a manuscript is located, it has not provided any help in getting it there. To move manuscripts back and forth, we have relied on a much older technology: the post. Although the system is generally reliable, it is either slow (in the case of standard mail) or expensive (in the case of express service). It is also labor-intensive. Our staff must open, address, mail, and track thousands of envelopes each year. In the years since the installation of …

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is the most damaging pathogen of soybeans in the United States. To assess the severity of nematode infestations in the field, SCN egg population densities are determined. Cysts (dead females) of the nematode must be extracted from soil samples and then ground to extract the eggs within. Sucrose centrifugation commonly is used to separate debris from suspensions of extracted nematode eggs. We present a method using OptiPrep as a density gradient medium with improved separation and recovery of extracted eggs compared to the sucrose centrifugation technique. Also, computerized methods were developed to automate the identification and counting of nematode eggs from the processed samples. In one approach, a high-resolution scanner was used to take static images of extracted eggs and debris on filter papers, and a deep learning network was trained to identify and count the eggs among the debris. In the second approach, a lensless imaging setup was developed using off-the-shelf components, and the processed egg samples were passed through a microfluidic flow chip made from double-sided adhesive tape. Holographic videos were recorded of the passing eggs and debris, and the videos were reconstructed and processed by custom software program to obtain egg counts. The performance of the software programs for egg counting was characterized with SCN-infested soil collected from two farms, and the results using these methods were compared with those obtained through manual counting.

This work presents a forecasting model of the wear risk for an automotive overhead camshaft and its confrontation to experimental results. This model was built on the specific oil film thickness calculation and on the subsequent calculation of the coefficients of friction and stresses, the corresponding values being then compared with threshold values. Organized as a piece of computer software, the model permits the calculation of overall wear factors; the most significant parameters are thus presented as curves related to the cam profiles in such a way that the occurence and localization of wear is predicted with a rather good agreement with results obtained on rigs, for different operating conditions.

// Shuhang Xu 1, * , Lingling Feng 2, 3, * , Yongming Chen 2, 4, * , Ying Sun 2, 3 , Yao Lu 5 , Shaomin Huang 2, 3 , Yang Fu 6 , Rongqin Zheng 1 , Yujing Zhang 2, 3 and Rong Zhang 2, 7 1 Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou 510060, China 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China 4 Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China 5 Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China 6 Department of Statistical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Mathematics, Guangzhou 510275, China 7 Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Rong Zhang, email: zhangr@sysucc.org.cn Yujing Zhang, email: zhangyj@sysucc.org.cn Rongqin Zheng, email: zssyzrq@163.com Keywords: gastric cancer, lymph node stations, mapping, computer software, clinical target volume Received: November 30, 2016 Accepted: May 21, 2017 Published: June 08, 2017 ABSTRACT In order to refine the location and metastasis-risk density of 16 lymph node stations of gastric cancer for neoadjuvant radiotherapy, we retrospectively reviewed the initial images and pathological reports of 255 gastric cancer patients with lymphatic metastasis. Metastatic lymph nodes identified in the initial computed tomography images were investigated by two radiologists with gastrointestinal specialty. A circle with a diameter of 5 mm was used to identify the central position of each metastatic lymph node, defined as the LNc (the central position of the lymph node). The LNc was drawn at the equivalent location on the reference images of a standard patient based on the relative distances to the same reference vessels and the gastric wall using a Monaco® version 5.0 workstation. The image manipulation software Medi-capture was programmed for image analysis to produce a contour and density atlas of 16 lymph node stations. Based on a total of 2846 LNcs contoured (31–599 per lymph node station), we created a density distribution map of 16 lymph node drainage stations of the stomach on computed tomography images, showing the detailed radiographic delineation of each lymph node station as well as high-risk areas for lymph node metastasis. Our mapping can serve as a template for the delineation of gastric lymph node stations when defining clinical target volume in pre-operative radiotherapy for gastric cancer.

Motivation Developing a robust and performant data analysis workflow that integrates all necessary components whilst still being able to scale over multiple compute nodes is a challenging task. We introduce a generic method based on the microservice architecture, where software tools are encapsulated as Docker containers that can be connected into scientific workflows and executed using the Kubernetes container orchestrator. Results We developed a Virtual Research Environment (VRE) which facilitates rapid integration of new tools and developing scalable and interoperable workflows for performing metabolomics data analysis. The environment can be launched on-demand on cloud resources and desktop computers. IT-expertise requirements on the user side are kept to a minimum, and workflows can be re-used effortlessly by any novice user. We validate our method in the field of metabolomics on two mass spectrometry, one nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and one fluxomics study. We showed that the method scales dynamically with increasing availability of computational resources. We demonstrated that the method facilitates interoperability using integration of the major software suites resulting in a turn-key workflow encompassing all steps for mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics including preprocessing, statistics and identification. Microservices is a generic methodology that can serve any scientific discipline and opens up for new types of large-scale integrative science. Availability and implementation The PhenoMeNal consortium maintains a web portal (https://portal.phenomenal-h2020.eu) providing a GUI for launching the Virtual Research Environment. The GitHub repository https://github.com/phnmnl/ hosts the source code of all projects. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Background A virtual patient (VP) can be a useful tool to foster the development of medical history–taking skills without the inherent constraints of the bedside setting. Although VPs hold the promise of contributing to the development of students’ skills, documenting and assessing skills acquired through a VP is a challenge. Objective We propose a framework for the automated assessment of medical history taking within a VP software and then test this framework by comparing VP scores with the judgment of 10 clinician-educators (CEs). Methods We built upon 4 domains of medical history taking to be assessed (breadth, depth, logical sequence, and interviewing technique), adapting these to be implemented into a specific VP environment. A total of 10 CEs watched the screen recordings of 3 students to assess their performance first globally and then for each of the 4 domains. Results The scores provided by the VPs were slightly higher but comparable with those given by the CEs for global performance and for depth, logical sequence, and interviewing technique. For breadth, the VP scores were higher for 2 of the 3 students compared with the CE scores. Conclusions Findings suggest that the VP assessment gives results akin to those that would be generated by CEs. Developing a model for what constitutes good history-taking performance in specific contexts may provide insights into how CEs generally think about assessment.

This paper reports an experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of gaps and overlaps on the buckling behavior of variable-stiffness composite laminates. In the experimental study, variable-stiffness composite laminates with a constant-curvature fiber path were manufactured and tested under uniaxial compression to failure with simply supported edges. The tested panels were optimized to simultaneously maximize the in-plane stiffness and the buckling load. Two manufacturing strategies – complete overlaps and complete gaps – were adopted to allow the independent effect of each type of defect to be investigated in isolation. In the numerical study, a two-dimensional finite element model was built using the commercial software Abaqus through a Python input script. A MATLAB routine was also implemented to localize the gaps and overlaps within the studied variable-stiffness laminates. A linear buckling analysis was performed to calculate the pre-buckling strength and the critical buckling load for each tested composite laminate. Thereafter, a nonlinear analysis using the Riks method was performed to predict the load–displacement relationship, considering the geometric imperfections of cured composite laminates. A good correlation was observed between the results obtained from the finite element simulations and from the experiments.