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Heterogeneous, distributed multi-databases (data warehouses, grids) are growing day by day as businesses demand more economical and flexible solutions for their data storage and processing needs. One of the main issues obstructing the large scale deployment of distributed multi-databases is latencies involved in data retrieval. Such problems are usually solved with the help of persistent caches. The paper presents a semantic caching architecture which supports faster semantic matching in query processing. This paper enhances the existing architecture of semantic cache and provides the mapping of hierarchical indexing scheme over it with the help of case study in order to represent the working of architecture. This paper also provides experimental results of the query processing over updated architecture and provides the discussion over comparison of the extended architecture with the previously proposed architecture.

Software frameworks are difficult for plugin developers to use, even when they are well designed and documented. Some of these difficulties stem from the many constraints that frameworks impose on plugin code. These constraints might restrict operations from being called on certain objects, or they might restrict how long an object is available. Additionally, the constraints are relative to the current context of the plugin, and they can involve multiple, interacting framework objects. This paper proposes a lightweight specification system and analysis to check plugins from a semantic perspective, rather than a purely structural view.

From the point of view of a data warehouse system, collecting and receiving information from source systems is crucial for all subsequent business intelligence applications. Incoming information can generally be classified into two types: (1) the state-oriented data and (2) event-oriented data or transactional data, which contains information about the change performed by processes on the instances of information objects. On the way towards achieving the goal of a full-fledged active data warehouse it becomes more and more important to provide data with minimal latency. In this paper we focus on dimensional data which is provided by general data warehouse applications. The information transfer is performed via messages containing the change of information on the dimension instances. The proposed approach is able to validate the event-messages, reconstruct the complete history of the dimension and provide a well applicable ''comprehensive slowly changing dimension'' (cSCD) interface for queries on the historical and current state of the dimension. A description of the prototype implementation for this kind of an ''active integration'' in a data warehouse and a case study at T-Mobile conclude the paper.

To improve the intelligent image recognition abilities of edge devices, a parallel-optimization-based framework called POWER is introduced in this paper. With FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) as its hardware module, POWER provides well extensibility and flexible customization capability for developing intelligent firmware suitable for different types of edge devices in various scenarios. Through an actual case study, we design and implement a firmware prototype following the specification of POWER and explore its performance improvement using parallel optimization. Our experimental results show that the firmware prototype we implement exhibits good performance and is applicable to substation inspection robots, which also validate the effectiveness of our POWER framework in designing edge intelligent firmware modules indirectly.

Network coding has been applied successfully in peer-to-peer systems to shorten the distribution time, particularly in extreme conditions where peers in the network are clustered and separated by physical links with limited bandwidth. In this paper, we focus more closely on the use of source coding, i.e. encoding is done only at the source, as an alternative to network coding to facilitate content distribution under such limited bandwidth configuration. We observe analytically and experimentally that, in this specific case, with appropriately chosen expansion factors, source coding can have comparable performance to network coding in terms of distribution time, yet consuming much less computational resources than the latter approach does.

Air quality and fuel efficiency has become important factors in decision-makings on urban traffic planning and management. To support the process, simulation models have potential to play essential roles in evaluation of planning alternatives and control strategies. However, traffic and its environmental impacts are different processes and often require various levels of models. With concerns on high computing performance and rich functionalities, it may be not appropriate to model emission inventory within traffic simulation. In this paper, we present a distributed simulation approach, and an independent emission/energy computing platform is built to simulate, visualize and analyze online emission outputs, given a microscopic traffic simulation tool, KTH-TPMA. Two distributed computing frameworks, common objects request broker architecture (CORBA) and service oriented architecture (SOA), are adopted in the distributed software design and implementation. Several emission models are implemented and generally evaluated in micro simulation runs of two road networks.

The combination of Java applications as graphical user interfaces and the Matlab-Simulink environment as the simulation engine seems to be a good solution for taking a particular control lab to distant students. In this paper, it is presented a new kind of simulation environment for qualitative teaching on concepts of Control Engineering by means of a suitable configuration of experiments by the tutor or teacher.

Detecting roadside safety attributes and distances in point cloud data is a challenging task. The major problems are accurate detection of attributes and attribute centers for calculating safety distance among attributes. In this paper, we propose a point cloud classification framework for roadside safety attributes detection. In addition, we propose an object center approximation technique for distance calculation that has been integrated into the proposed framework. The proposed framework has been evaluated on large real-world point cloud data, and the experimental results are promising. The framework achieved 100% object-wise accuracy on detecting poles and trees, while the overall point-wise accuracy on detecting all seven attributes was 86%.

There are a number of methods for classification of mobile apps, but most of them rely on a fixed set of app categories and text descriptions associated with the apps. Often, one may need to classify apps into a different taxonomy and might have limited app usage data for the purpose. In this paper, we present an app classification system that uses object detection and recognition in images associated with apps, along with text based metadata of the apps, to generate a more accurate classification for a given app according to a given taxonomy. Our image based approach can, in principle, complement any existing text based approach for app classification. We train a fast RCNN to learn the coordinates of bounding boxes in an app image for effective object detection, as well as labels for the objects. We then use the detected objects in the app images in an ensemble with a text based system that uses a hierarchical supervised active learning pipeline based on uncertainty sampling for generating the training samples for a classifier. Using the ensemble, we are able to obtain better classification accuracy than if either of the text or image systems are used on their own.

In nature, many species became extinct as they could not adapt quickly enough to their environment. They were simply not fit enough to adapt to more and more challenging circumstances. Similar things happen when algorithms are too static to cope with particular challenges of their "environment", be it the workload, the machine, or the user requirements. In this regard, in this paper we explore the well-researched and fascinating family of adaptive indexing algorithms. Classical adaptive indexes solely adapt the indexedness of the data to the workload. However, we will learn that so far we have overlooked a second higher level of adaptivity, namely the one of the indexing algorithm itself. We will coin this second level of adaptivity meta-adaptivity. Based on a careful experimental analysis, we will develop an adaptive index, which realizes meta-adaptivity by (1) generalizing the way reorganization is performed, (2) reacting to the evolving indexedness and varying reorganization effort, and (3) defusing skewed distributions in the input data. As we will demonstrate, this allows us to emulate the characteristics of a large set of specialized adaptive indexing algorithms. In an extensive experimental study we will show that our meta-adaptive index is extremely fit in a variety of environments and outperforms a large amount of specialized adaptive indexes under various query access patterns and key distributions.

Searching for information about a specific person is a frequent online activity. In most cases, users are aided in the search process by queries containing a name in Web search engines. Typically, Web search engines provide just a few accurate results associated with a name-containing query. Most existing solutions for suggesting synonyms in online search are based on pattern matching and phonetic encoding, however very often, the performance of such solutions is less than optimal. In this paper, we propose SpokenName2Vec, a novel and generic algorithm which addresses the synonym suggestion problem by utilizing automated speech generation, and deep learning to produce novel spoken name embeddings. These embeddings capture the way people pronounce names in a particular language and accent. Utilizing a name’s pronunciation can help detect names that sound alike, but are written differently. We demonstrated the proposed approach on a large-scale dataset with more than 250,000 forenames and surnames and evaluated it on two ground truth datasets containing 7400 forenames and 25,000 surnames (including their verified synonyms). The performance of SpokenName2Vec was found superior to the 10 other algorithms evaluated, including phonetic encoding, string similarity, and machine learning algorithms. The results obtained emphasize the potential of spoken name embeddings for improved synonym suggestion.

Vehicles may move at high speed in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and the network topology changes arbitrarily as the nodes move. Vehicles may not find suitable resources because sharing information could quickly become obsolete or irrelevant resources. This paper proposes an efficient geo-aware Peer-to-Peer (P2P) search mechanism to enable resource discovery and sharing in VANETs. We propose discovery and sharing schemes based on the virtual backbone architecture, and then limit the data exchanging region to reduce unnecessary message transmissions. Because the resource node changes very fast, the coordinator must be set to maintain the local node of geographic information in the network. In this scheme, coordinators are established to store information and manage local resource information. In order to ensure dissemination performance, it must guarantee that vehicles possess enough resource pieces to allow efficient bartering. Furthermore, three kinds of piece selection mechanisms, including Nearest-First, Rarest-First, and In-Order are proposed to download resource pieces from other vehicles and to improve the dissemination efficiency. Experiment results demonstrate that our searching and sharing schemes are efficient and outperforms other schemes in terms of satisfactory ratio and download time.

The attention of physiologists has been very much with­ drawn, for the last half century, from the consideration of the different states of the circulating and secreted fluids, in conse­quence of the opinion that the nervous and fibrous or mus­cular systems can afford satisfactory interpretations of the phenomena of living beings; and on account of the disgust produced by the visionary properties and groundless hypo­theses, originating in the humoural doctrines of Galen. But late experiments have manifested, that various things taken into the stomach can be made at pleasure to produce consider­able effects, by impregnating sensibly the blood and urine, as well as the milk, sweat, and perhaps saliva. Further; the fine experiments of Professor Colman have shewn, that the conta­gious glanders may be excited in the ass by the transfusion of the blood of a glandered horse, and the matter from the nose of the glandered ass can produce this disease in the horse or the ass. Hence I apprehend it is reasonable to expect, that the farther investigation of the properties of the animal fluids will afford gratifying instruction to the Researcher in natural science, and important practical information to the Physician. On the present occasion, I desire the honour of communi­cating the knowledge I may have acquired, by investigating the properties of expectorated matter secreted by the bron­chial membrane. The appearances of this substance serve to regulate the judgment of the Physician concerning several dis­eases of the lungs; but especially of that of pulmonary tubercles which yearly destroys 120,000 to 140,000 subjects of the United Kingdom. It is fit that I remark, that I do not notice in this paper the ingenious experiments of several learned Chemists, because by so doing I should be led into a detail of too great extent for my design.

In the two papers containing researches on iodine which the Royal Society has done me the honour of publishing in the Transactions, I have described a class of bodies consisting of iodine, oxygene, and different bases analogous to the hyper-oxymuriates. In the last of these papers, I mentioned, that I had not been able to procure any binary combination of iodine and oxygene from these compounds, neither by the method proposed by M. Gay Lussac, namely, the action of sulphuric acid on the oxyiode of barium, nor by other methods of my own institution; and that in experiments on the effects of the acids on the oxyiodes, new combinations only were formed. I have lately resumed this enquiry, and by pursuing a new and entirely different plan of operation, I have at last succeeded in combining oxygene and iodine. In the following pages I shall describe the circumstances which led me to ascertain the existence of this compound, and I shall detail some experiments on its analysis and its chemical agencies. In the course of my researches, I observed, that when a solution of the compound of iodine and chlorine was poured into alkaline solutions, or even into certain muriatic solutions, the precipitate was an oxyiode; and this fact seemed to indicate, that iodine had a stronger attraction for oxygene than chlorine; iodine, likewise, has an attraction for chlorine; it appeared, therefore, extremely probable, that euchlorine, or the gaseous combination of oxygene and chlorine, would be decomposed by heat, and two compounds formed, one of oxygene and iodine, and the other of iodine and chlorine, or that a triple compound would be produced from which chlorine could be easily separated, and on submitting the idea to the test of experiment, I found that I had not been deceived.

PID controller is widely used in many fields. The input sequence and output sequence of a well-parameterized PID controller are transformed into a matrix presented in images in this paper, and a Every-Time step data augmentation algorithm is operated. This paper propose a image to image Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) structure to learn the PID controller, which incorporates the successful methods in computer vision and deep learning to control field. The simulation is performed using Matlab/Simulink and Keras[1]. The simulation demonstrates that the CNN controller is capable in performance.

One of the problems in disease prevention and epidemics control is the large level of uncertainty present in the solved problems. If an optimization of targeted vaccination scheme is attempted, the evaluation of solutions usually involves simulating the non-deterministic spreading of the disease. However, the non-determinism of the epidemic dynamics is just one of the sources of uncertainty in this problem. This paper studies another source of uncertainty in optimization of targeted vaccination schemes, which is the existence of non-diagnosed cases of the disease.

Video synopsis provides a means for fast browsing of activities in video. Principal background selection (PBS) is an important step in video synopsis. Existing methods make PBS in an offline way and at a high memory cost. In this paper we propose a novel background selection method, ``online principal background selection'' (OPBS). The OPBS selects n principal backgrounds from N backgrounds in an online fashion with a low memory cost, making it possible to build an efficient online video synopsis system. Another advantage is that, with OPBS, the selected backgrounds are related to not only background changes over time but also video activities. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed OPBS.

The information we gather from this paper is, that the remarkable expansion of the skin of the neck, which constitutes a principal character in this species, is a voluntary action, distinct from that inflation which all serpents, when irritated, are more or less capable of: that it is owing to a particular set of ribs situated at the neck of the animal, and hence called cervical ribs. These ribs are about twenty-five in number, and gradually lengthen from the upper end to the tenth or eleventh pair, and then successively shorten to the last. They extend in lateral directions, having only a slight curvature; and when depressed, lie upon the side of the spine, one on the other. They are raised by four sets of muscles; and another large set of very long muscles has the power of bringing the skin forward, thus forming the appearance which has been called a hood. Besides these muscles, there are three other sets, by which the hood is depressed, and the parts are restored to that state in which the neck of the animal does not appear disproportionally protuberant. These descriptions are illustrated by accurate drawings; but no conjecture is here given as to the probable uses of this singular mechanism, except that it does not appear to promote in any way the play of the lungs, but that the expansion it produces may perhaps facilitate a dilatation of the gullet, for the purpose of allowing the snake to swallow its prey more easily.

The object of the author is to determine how the greatest effect may be produced by the voltaic battery, with the least waste of power and expense. For this purpose he had one battery constructed of twenty pairs of plates of zinc and copper of large dimensions, each plate being four feet long and two feet wide. Each pair was connected together only at the top by a strap of lead, so that both sides of each plate were exposed to the action of the fluid in the trough. The trough was made entirely of wood, with wooden partitions, made water-tight by cement; and this battery when in action was charged with a mixture of three parts nitrous acid, with one of sulphuric diluted with three parts of water.

In the year 1811, with a view to making certain improvements in the port of Bridlington, an examination was made of the depth of a stratum of clay, and another of gravel, at some distance below high-water mark. At low water the harbour is dry, and at high water it has from fifteen to seventeen feet of water in the deepest part. The spot fixed upon for boring, has about six feet of water in ordinary tides. After boring through 28 feet of clay, and subsequently through a mixed stratum of chalk and gravel, the augur was found to strike against a solid rock, on which that instrument could make no impression, and the work was discontinued, without any appearance of water at that time rising in the bore. But in the course of an hour or two it was observed to be filled to the top with very limpid fresh water, which, after a short time, was projected some inches above the summit, in a stream equal to its calibre. As the water was found to be fit for washing, and all culinary purposes, the bore was first secured by an elm stock ten feet long, and perforated with a three-inch augur, through which was passed a copper tube of the same diameter, well tinned to the depth of 32 feet, and which thus reached from the bottom of the elm stock to the solid rock, in order to preserve a supply of water for the use of the town.

The experiments on the specific gravity of sea-water, detailed in this paper, were partly conducted at sea, and partly after the author’s arrival at Ceylon; and the results lead him to adopt the opinion that the ocean resembles the atmosphere in being, cæteris paribus , nearly of the same specific gravity throughout. The water used in the ex­periment was always taken from the surface of the ocean. The vari­ation of specific gravity was most observable when the water was rough and agitated, and seemed in one instance diminished by heavy rain. Dr. Davy doubts whether a modern traveller of high authority is correct in supposing that a peculiar specific gravity belongs to the water of each zone; for in his own experiments, the water taken in latitude 0° 12' S., and 22° 36' S., was of similar specific gravity, as also that taken at 34° 25' S., and that washing the shores of Columbo.

After noticing the various opinions which have been entertained concerning the materials of which the nests of the Java Swallow are composed, Sir Everard proceeds to examine the glandular structure of its œsophagus and stomach, as also the chemical characters of the substance forming the nest. He was chiefly led to this inquiry by the suggestion of Mr. Raffles, who was of opinion that the matter of the nest was brought up from the bird’s stomach, and that the violence of the effort was occasionally such as to be accompanied with blood, the stain of which is sometimes seen on the nests. On examining the gastric glands of the Java swallow with a common magnifying glass, their orifices obviously differed from those of other birds, and of the common migrating swallow of England.

The following Paper having been referred by the Council of the Royal Asiatic Society to Sir John Malcolm, for his opinion as to its eligibility for insertion in the Printed Transactions of the Society, was returned by that distinguished and lamented individual, with a Letter of which a copy is subjoined, and which will be found to point out, in a very satisfactory manner, the practical value of Mr. Edye's communication.

Few parts of the world present in a small compass so instructive a series of geological phaenomena as those which are displayed in the vertical cliffs of the south coast of England. An important portion of this coast, including the Isle of Wight and the Isle of Purbeck, has been well described by Mr. Webster*, and subsequently illustrated by Dr. Fitton †. In the Second Series of the Geological Transactions‡, Mr. De la Beche has published sections of the coast from Bridport Harbour to Sidmouth; and in the same volume Dr. Buckland has given drawings of the cliffs from Sidmouth to Beer Head, and from Lyme Regis to the Isle of Portland §. The geological history of the neighbourhood of Weymouth has been partially illustrated by Prof. Sedgwick in the Annals of Philosophy ||; and it will be the object of this paper to supply its full details, illustrated by a map and sections; beginning our observations at the point where Mr. Webster’s sections end, viz., at the Promontory of White Nore, about eight miles E.N.E. of the town of Weymouth, and continuing them to Weymouth and Portland, and thence westward along the Chesil Bank to the cliffs west of Lyme Regis. To our representations of the coast we shall add many inland sections of the adjacent district, including all the strata which occupy that portion of the south frontier of the county of Dorset which lies between the great south escarpment of the chalk downs and the sea. We

My first paper being descriptive of the various vessels of India, on the coasts of Malabar and Ceylon, I shall now proceed to describe the sea-ports, and the resources of the forests, on the coast of Malabar; and also, the facilities for building vessels of different descriptions, particularly at the port of Cochin, and those places which I have visited during my residence of five years in the country.

There are very few popular beliefs of any duration, however extravagant or incredible, that cannot be traced to some foundation in truth, however much distorted by ignorance, superstition or folly; and we have a remarkable instance of this in the celebrated Upas, or Poison Tree of Java, whose shade was believed to extinguish life in the unhappy beings who sought refuge under it. It was stated to be in a valley in the interior of Java, but it was surrounded with so many terrors, that its exact locality was not likely to be well defined or understood; and in this uncertainty originated the fables which have so long been before the public. I am indebted to Sir Charles Forbes, for a copy of a letter addressed to the late W. Taylor Money, Esq., Consul-General at Venice, from a gentleman who visited the Guwo-Upas, or Poisoned Valley, near Batur, in Java, on the 4th of July, 1830. I understand that the letter has appeared in print, but I have not seen it; and I deem it necessary to incorporate it in the present paper, to facilitate the comparisons and deductions I purpose making. A perusal of it will, I presume, afford satisfactory reasons to conclude, that in this deadly spot originated the belief in the Poison Tree, the mistake of the mephitic vapour escaping from vegetation, rather than from the soil, being natural and probable. The writer of the letter is a gentleman of the name of Loudon, an Englishman, but a landholder in Java, well known to Doctor Horsfield, and full reliance may be placed on the accuracy of his descriptions. He is disposed to question the resemblance between this Valley of Death and the Grotto del Cane, near to Naples; but I will endeavour to show that the difference is only in the physical features of the localities, and that the probability is, that the effects described originate in precisely similar causes. Dr. Horsfield informs me that he was at Batur in 1815 and 1816, and aware of the vicinity of the poisonous valley, but the natives refused to conduct him to it.

The author having long directed his attention to the effects likely to be produced on the tides in the river Thames, in the port of Lon­don, by the removal of London Bridge, was desirous of obtaining a series of accurate observations during all the changes of the tides; and for this purpose constructed a machine, which, being acted upon jointly by a time-piece and by a float resting on the water, registered of itself, upon a piece of paper, both the height of the tide, and the direction of the wind. A number of parallel and equidistant lines, representing feet in height, are engraved and printed on long sheets of paper, the ends of which are joined together until a sufficient length is obtained for the purpose required. This long sheet is wound upon a brass roller, which is placed near the lower part of a cylinder one foot in diameter, so that the paper may pass round it; its contact being preserved by a roller above, pressing upon it by its own weight. On the axis of the cylinder is a toothed wheel, which is acted upon by a clock, pro­ducing an equable motion in the cylinder, which is thus made to complete one revolution in six hours. By means of another wheel, at the expiration of every hour a hammer is raised, whose fall strikes on an upright punch connected with a weather-cock on the top of the building; and the figure of an arrow being cut on the lower end of this punch, an impression of the arrow is made upon the paper: as the direction of the arrow always corresponds with that of the wind, the direction of the latter is thus hourly registered.

The safety of an automated vehicle requires accurate information of surrounding conditions, because a false sensor output can lead to a fatal accident during driving. Thus, monitoring of abnormalities in every sensor is important for robust perception of the environment. Since it is difficult to obtain anomalous data, it is hard to develop a robust detection algorithm using only a relatively small number of anomalies. In this paper, we propose a data augmentation method for oversampling minority anomalies in lane detection. Using a generative adversarial network that makes the generator learn to estimate the distribution of anomalous data, it generates synthesized minority anomalies. The generated anomalies are used to train an anomaly detection network while minimizing latency for use in real situations. During training, the generated anomalies, with various mixed quality, are sampled differently according to their quality. This helps the detection network to be optimized with better quality data. Experimental result shows that when using the proposed anomaly detection framework for monitoring lane abnormality, it improves the performance by 12% when compared to the vanilla recurrent neural network.

I. Introduction. This paper is to a certain extent a supplement to the communication on ‘Certain Jurassic Strata of South Dorset’ published by the Geological Society in 1910, in so far as it contains a study of another exposure of the Junction-Bed (Domerian, Whitbian, Yeovilian) 1 discovered farther east along the coast; but it also gives a sketch of other Jurassic strata, the sequence of which should be of some importance in connexion with the chronology of the Oolite rocks. About three-quarters of a mile east of Thorncombe Beacon is Eypesmouth, a break in the cliffs where the little stream, the Eype (pronounced ‘Eep,’ to rhyme with sheep) runs into the sea. East of Eypesmouth is a lofty cliff of about a mile extending to West Bay—the harbour of Bridport. The cliff is interesting geologically for three considerable faults: one, seen best about a quarter of a mile east of Eypesmouth is a fault of about 500 feet, bringing down Forest-Marble Beds to about the level of Yeovilian strata ( Dumortieria hemera); another, about the same distance west of West Bay, brings down beds of Fullers9 Earth almost vertically—it is a fault of about 120 feet; the third, immediately west of West Bay, shows Yeovilian strata of Dumortieria hemera or later—they are later than those on the west of the cliff—lying level with lower beds of Fuller9s Earth: a drop as regards the latter of about 150 feet. So the middle and main portion of the cliff is let down by these

“The author prefaced his remarks by a short history of Bills of Exchange, and other kinds of paper currency; in which he pointed out the economy and convenience of a well regulated paper circulation.“The means usually employed to diminish the facilities to forgery are—“1. Colouring the paper, or the pulp of which it is manufactured, by various vegetable and mineral substances, either singly or combined. The best attempts of this sort have been imitated by a clever hand and a pencil.

Numerous attempts have at different times been made by a variety of authors to identify the two plants which in the authorised version of the Scriptures are translated Mustard Tree and Hyssop. That these attempts have not been so satisfactory to others, as to set the questions at rest, is evident from fresh plants being continually adduced, even in recent works, as possessed of the requisite characteristics. It may be inferred that these do not appear, to the author of this paper, to have been more successful than preceding endeavours, from his making a fresh, and which to many will appear a presumptuous attempt to determine what has baffled so many able inquirers. Few fields, however, are so barren, even after they seem to have been cleared by the most skilful reapers, as not to yield some grains to the careful gleaner. So, continued attention to any one pursuit, never fails to throw light, not only on itself, but also on other, and what at first appear but remotely connected subjects. Thus it has been in the study of ancient for the purpose of elucidating modern Materia Medica, and of both in connexion with the Botany of the East, that the author has been led to conclusions, which seem to elucidate some of the disputed points in Biblical botany.

The author in this paper directs attention to certain appearances which he considers afford evidence of a depression of land along certain portions of the Mediterranean coast. These appearances consist of the foundations of some ancient buildings now observed to be below the water-line, and of sarcophagi now also below the sea-level.

This paper describes an investigation of ways to use wikis to support and improve reading, writing, and related skills. The primary objective is to develop activities that can be adapted to a variety of settings. The paper describes a set of successful activities, and discusses the effects of using a wiki, lessons learned, and future directions.

I have on former occasions described the eocene strata of White-cliff Bay and of Alum Bay*. The sections of these two localities show in a remarkable manner the changes there undergone, in the comparatively short distance of twenty miles, by the series of sands and clays forming the Bracklesham Bay beds, and included between the London clay and the Barton clay. I also gave the commencement of the section of the Barton clays at Barton, to show their connection with the upper part of the section at Alum Bay. I have recently had the opportunity of further examining the coast-sections from Barton Cliff to Poole Harbour, with a view to continue the sequence of superposition lower in this more westward portion of the series. This part of the coast was described by Sir Charles Lyell in a paper read before this Society in March 1826. I need not therefore enter into a detailed description of the strata, but will confine myself to the question of the exact position which they bear with reference to the Barton clay, and to a few general observations on their physical conditions. The progress made by the sea in the destruction of the cliffs has also, I believe, brought to light some new features. In the first place I have, I think, obtained evidence of the existence of the Barton clays to the westward of Christchurch Harbour ; consequently the section downwards from them, which I had discontinued at Muddiford, can now be taken up

In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical clustering method based on evolutionary strategies. This method leads to gene expression data analysis, and shows its effectiveness with regard to other clustering methods through cluster validity measures on the results. Additionally, a novel visual validation interactive tool is provided to carry out visual analytics among clusters of a dendrogram. This interactive tool is an alternative for the used validity measures. The method introduced here attempts to solve some of the problems faced by other hierarchical methods. Finally, the results of the experiments show that the method can be very effective in the cluster analysis on DNA microarray data.

The paper commenced with a suggestion, that, as the inferences of ordinary logic admitted no premises but such as were absolutely certain, and as the premises with which we have to deal in the business of life were not certain, but only probable, therefore it was highly desirable that we should have a logic, or rules for drawing inferences on the case of probable premises.The attention of the Society was then drawn to the 15th section of the article Probabilities, in theEncyclopœdia Metropolitana, and especially to the following passage: “It is an even chance that A is B, and the same that B is C; and therefore, 1 to 3 from these grounds only that A is C. But other considerations of themselves give an even chance that A is C. What is the resulting degree of evidence that A is C?” To which query the answer in theEncyclopœdiais.

A global query in a mediator system to integrate distributed information is transformed into a set of its sub-queries and each sub-query is the unit of evaluation in a remote server. Therefore, it is possible to speed up the execution of a global query if the previous results of frequently evaluated sub-queries are materialized in a mediator. Since the integration schema of a mediator can be incrementally modified and the evaluation frequency of a global query can also be continuously varied, query usage should be carefully monitored to determine the optimized set of materialized sub-queries. Furthermore, as the number of sub-queries increases, the optimization process itself may take too long, so that the optimized set identified by a long optimization process may become obsolete due to the recent change of query usage. This paper proposes the adaptive selection of materialized sub-queries such that available storage in a mediator can be highly utilized at any time. In order to differentiate the recent usage of a query from the past, the accumulated usage frequency of a query decays as time goes by. As a result, it is possible to change the set of materialized sub-queries adaptively according to the recent variation of query usage.

Location-based services are quickly becoming immensely popular. In addition to services based on users' current location, many potential services rely on users' location history, or their spatial-temporal provenance. Malicious users may lie about their spatial-temporal provenance without a carefully designed security system for users to prove their past locations. In this paper, we present the Spatial-Temporal provenance Assurance with Mutual Proofs (STAMP) scheme. STAMP is designed for ad-hoc mobile users generating location proofs for each other in a distributed setting. However, it can easily accommodate trusted mobile users and wireless access points. STAMP ensures the integrity and non-transferability of the location proofs and protects users' privacy. A semi-trusted Certification Authority is used to distribute cryptographic keys as well as guard users against collusion by a light-weight entropy-based trust evaluation approach. Our prototype implementation on the Android platform shows that STAMP is low-cost in terms of computational and storage resources. Extensive simulation experiments show that our entropy-based trust model is able to achieve high $(>0.9)$ collusion detection accuracy.

The purport of this paper is to exhibit a new form of analysis, and to found upon it a new theory of Linear Differential Equations, and of Generating Functions. The peculiarity in the form of the analysis consists in the linear differential equation, instead of being represented, as it has hitherto been, under the type X 0 d n u / d x n + X 1 d n -1 u / d x n -1 . . . . + X n u = X, X 0 , X 1 , &c. being functions of the independent variable x , being exhibited in the form f 0 (D) u + f 1 (D) ϵ θ u . . . . + f ϵ (D) ϵ r θu = U; in which ϵ θ = x , and f 0 (D), f 1 , (D), &c. imply functional combinations of the symbol D, which, for the sake of simplicity, is written in place of d / d θ . This the author calls the exponential form of the equation; and he, in like manner, designates the analogous forms of partial and of simultaneous equations. What he conceives to be the great and peculiar advantage of the exponential form, both as respects the solution of linear differential equations, and the theory of generating functions, is that the necessary developments, transformations and reductions are immediately effected by theorems the expression of which is independent of the forms of the functions f 0 (D), f 1 , (D), &c. Accordingly it may be shown that various formulæ which have been given for the solution of linear differential equations, with those in which Laplace’s theory of generating functions is comprised, interpreted into the language of the author, are but special cases of theorems dependent on the exponential form above stated, and which are susceptible of universal application. The common method of effecting the integration of linear differential equations in series fails when the equation determining the lowest index of the development has equal or imaginary roots. In a particular class of such equations of the second order, Euler has shown that log. x is involved in the expression of the complete integral: but this appears to be merely a successful assumption; and the rule of integration demonstrated in the present paper admits of no such cases of exception whatever.

In this paper the membrana tympani is described as consisting of the following layers, which are quite distinct from each other, both as regards their structure and functions:— 1. Epidermis. 2. The proper fibrous layer, composed of— a . The lamina of radiating fibres. b . The lamina of circular fibres. 3. Mucous membrane.

On presenting to the Society the accompanying plan of some of the ruins of Anurádhapura, in the island of Ceylon, made by Major Skinner, the Surveyor-general of the island, to whose kindness I am indebted for it, I avail myself of the assistance of my friend Captain Gascoyne, to add to the observations which are contained in a former paper, entitled, “Some remarks upon the ancient city of Anurádhapura, and the Hill Temple of Mehentélé, in the island of Ceylon,” which the Society did me the honour to insert in the third volume of its Transactions.

In this paper the growing importance of manganese since its discovery, and its extensive distribution in Nature are noticed. Manganese is chiefly found combined with oxygen, but its oxides are commonly mixed with those of iron, and though different methods of separating them have been recommended, yet no very simple or unobjectionable test for manganese seems to be known. Two methods for detecting manganese are recommended, viz.— 1. The pure hydrated fixed alkalies, potash and soda, and espe­cially potash. 2. Sulphur.

The following notes upon the Vegetable Productions of the island of Ceylon have been thrown together in the hope that, although devoid of any originality, they may be deemed worthy the honour of a reading by this Society. The writer has been led to draw up this paper chiefly from the many inquiries made of him, as the Commissioner for Ceylon at the Great Exhibition, in reference to the produce of that colony. It would appear that whilst the larger articles of coffee and cinnamon are well enough known as staples of the Ceylon trade, but few have any knowledge of the less prominent produce of the island, more especially of those articles which are cultivated for local nse only, or for export to the neighbouring Indian states.

Current component interfaces, such as those defined by CORBA, are devoid of additional constraints that make helps in the task of composing software, therefore the dependent relations and interaction protocols among components are hidden within the implementations. The "implicity" reduces the composability and makes it difficult to reuse, validate and manage components. This paper presents a message based architectural model and an XML-message based Architecture Description Language (XADL). XADL promotes the description of dependent relations from the implementation level to the architectural level and enhances the interface specification by adding the sequencing, behavior and quality constraints. Furthermore, we formulate the notion of architectural mismatch and propose a checking algorithm to prevent systems from potential mismatches. The use of XML facilitates not only the specification descriptions but also the system implementations, and increases the openness of the whole system as well.

The method for the solution of questions in the theory of probabilities which is applied in this paper, is that which was developed by the author in a treatise entitled “An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, on which are founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and of Probabilities.”

Robustness, security, anonymity, and scalability are valued features for mobile ad hoc network routing protocols. Unfortunately, the existing ad hoc routing protocols have limitations in each area. In this paper, we first analyze several existing mobile ad hoc routing protocols for robustness, security, anonymity, and scalability. Based on the analysis, we propose a new robust anonymous ad hoc on-demand routing protocol based on a proposed anonymous neighborhood trust model. We demonstrate that the protocol has strong security and anonymity protection, better scalability and is more robust when compared with other protocols., MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Military Communications Conference, October 18-21 2009, Boston, MA, USA