5,805 results on '"ENVIRONMENTAL policy"'
Search Results
2. Implementing Environmental Policy and Regulations: Where the Rubber Meets the Road
- Author
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Michelle C. Pautz and Sara R. Rinfret
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State (polity) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Command and control ,Environmental regulation ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Environmental planning ,media_common - Abstract
Crucial to understanding environmental policy on the front-lines is investigating how environmental policy is implemented. This chapter turns to the regulatory environment and begins by discussing the nature of command and control regulations and how they endeavor to implement environmental policy. In particular, we draw connections from earlier chapters as we discuss the governing and economic contexts that shape the implementation of environmental policy. In this chapter, we highlight the role of environmental inspectors, particularly those inspectors at the state level. These inspectors are the governmental officials who are responsible for the implementation of environmental regulation every day. We look at who these individuals are, what their experiences are like, and their challenges. This discussion helps illustrate the individuals who are responsible from protecting the environment on a daily basis.
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- 2023
3. Official Actors in the Policy Process
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Michelle C. Pautz and Sara R. Rinfret
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organization.type ,business.industry ,Multinational corporation ,Political science ,Interest group ,Select committee ,Environmental policy ,Public relations ,Public administration ,business ,organization ,Political action committee ,Newspaper - Abstract
Diane Wilson, a fourth-generation shrimper, had a life-changing experience in 1989 after she read a newspaper story about her native Calhoun County, Texas. The article reported on a study that Calhoun was one of the most polluted areas in the country due to the illegal practices of Formosa Plastics, a major multinational corporation.1 With this information, Wilson decided to act in order to protect her community; she founded the Calhoun County Resource Watch (CCRW) to stop Formosa from discharging toxins into the Gulf of Mexico.
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- 2023
4. The costs of 'blue sky': environmental regulation and employee income in China
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Yuanyue Luo, Guangrong Tan, Baocong Huang, and Renrui xiao
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China ,Natural resource economics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Environmental Policy ,Sky ,Income ,Humans ,Industry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental regulation ,Business ,health care economics and organizations ,media_common - Abstract
Strict environmental regulations may change the behavioral decisions of firms. Based on the exogenous impact of the Chinese Central Government’s inclusion of environmental performance in the assessment targets of municipal officials in 2007, this study uses the difference-in-difference method to explore the impact of environmental regulations on employee income. We find that (1) environmental regulations will significantly reduce the average wage level of employees in polluting industries and have no significant impact on nonpolluting industries. (2) This effect is more pronounced in eastern China, where environmental regulations are more stringent, and in areas where political promotion incentives are stronger. (3) Mechanistic analysis finds that environmental regulations will affect employee income by increasing costs and constraining financing. (4) More importantly, we find that the decline in the average wage level of firms is mainly due to the decline in the average wage level of ordinary employees, and the average wage level of management has not decreased significantly, which means that environmental regulations have expanded social income inequality. Our findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of the implementation of environmental regulatory policies and economic cost issues.
- Published
- 2022
5. Will environmental information disclosure affect bank credit decisions and corporate debt financing costs? Evidence from China’s heavily polluting industries
- Author
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Wei Wei, Zhilong Li, Mo Du, Shuqi Wang, and Shanglei Chai
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Finance ,China ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Corporate debt ,business.industry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Disclosure ,General Medicine ,Affect (psychology) ,Pollution ,Environmental Policy ,Bank credit ,ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS ,Information disclosure ,Industry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Business - Abstract
In the context of green finance, whether listed companies in heavily polluting industries can convert the external pressure of environmental information disclosure into internal motivation is critical to achieving environmental governance goals. This paper selects 946 listed companies of 16 heavily polluting industries in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets as samples to explore whether environmental information disclosure can help companies increase bank credit support and reduce debt financing costs to transform their external pressures into internal motivation. The empirical results show that there is a significant positive correlation between environmental information disclosure and bank credit decisions. From the perspective of financing scale, heavily polluting companies have the inherent motivation to disclose environmental information actively and proactively to obtain more credit support. There is no significant relationship between the corporate debt financing cost and environmental information disclosure. This paper puts forward some critical policy suggestions for government decision makers, heavily polluting enterprises and financial institutions.
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- 2022
6. Opportunities for bipartisanship: Comparing water and energy policy in the Great Lakes region
- Author
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Abigail M. Randall
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Bipartisanship ,Politics ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Natural resource economics ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Water quality ,Aquatic Science ,Public opinion ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Energy policy ,Renewable energy - Abstract
The Great Lakes contain most of the United States’ surface freshwater and provide deep personal and economic connections for the residents of the region. These connections create an opportunity for bipartisanship in environmental policies with the potential to permeate energy policies. To explore that possibility, this paper examines how party affiliation affects support for water policy and energy policy in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Data from the Great Lakes Region Public Opinion Survey asked 696 Republicans, Independents, and Democrats from the Great Lakes region to respond to a range of environmental policy prompts. Responses to the policy prompts are grouped into four components: Water Quality, Water Diversions, Traditional Fuels, and Renewables. The results find that there is bipartisan support for the Water Quality and Water Diversions components. Energy policies do not receive the same bipartisan support, with Democrats and Independents having more support for the Renewables component while Republicans have more support for the Traditional Fuels component. However, when the fuel source is tied to its pollutants of the Great Lakes, then reactions to that fuel source receive a bipartisan response. The results of this research suggest that embedding water policy in energy policy may allow those policies to receive more bipartisan support. Combining water policy and energy policy can depolarize some of the politics surrounding environmental policy broadly.
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- 2022
7. Regional environmental supervision and corporate environmental investment: from the perspective of ecological damage compensation
- Author
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Huixiang Zeng, Chen Cheng, Qiong Zhou, and Youliang Jin
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China ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Organizations ,Natural resource economics ,Compensation (psychology) ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Perspective (graphical) ,General Medicine ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Pollution ,Environmental Policy ,Environmental Chemistry ,Business ,Investments ,Environmental Pollution - Abstract
On the basis of the "Pilot System of the Ecological Damage Compensation" launched in 2015 and a research sample of listed companies in China's heavy pollution industry from 2014 to 2017, this paper uses a difference-in-differences model to empirically evaluate the impact of the damage compensation system on corporate environmental investment, as well as the moderating effect of market degree and firm ownership. The result shows that the implementation of the damage compensation system significantly promotes corporate environmental investment and that the market degree exerts a moderating effect. The effect of supervision remains the same because of firm ownership. This research uses a pilot policy to form a natural experimental group to accurately identify the impact of environmental supervision on corporate environmental investment. The aforementioned conclusions recognize the need for the construction of the ecological damage compensation system, provide a reference for the national government to formulate specific effective environmental policies, stimulate the environmental governance motivation of regional governments, and encourage enterprises to assume environmental responsibilities and thereby achieve green sustainable development.
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- 2022
8. Leaky bodies: masculinity and risk in the practice of cyanide fishing in Indonesia
- Author
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Annet Pauwelussen
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Cultural Studies ,Cyanide ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fishing ,fluid body ,Forest and Nature Conservation Policy ,Gender Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Bos- en Natuurbeleid ,masculinity ,Cyanide fishing ,Demography ,media_common ,Milieubeleid ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Environmental Policy ,risky practice ,Fishery ,chemistry ,Feminist Studies ,Indonesia ,Masculinity ,Business ,Dive fishing ,human activities ,feminist studies - Abstract
Dive fishing with cyanide is known as a risky fishing practice, as it pushes or lures divers to the limits of what their bodies can take. Its association with physical danger is linked to a culture of machismo and a coming-of-age process in which young men prove their bravery and become part of a shared manhood. What often remains implicit in the understanding of risk-seeking activities is the notion of body and masculinity that such practices entail and produce. Understanding risk and how it relates to masculinity in native terms requires conceptual tools to think beyond the self-contained body that navigates an external environment. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in Indonesia, this article explores cyanide dive fishing in the context of risky practice in relation to the body as contingent, permeable and leaky. Drawing from situated narratives and post-human phenomenology, the article makes room for masculinities beyond the self-contained man by describing dive fishing as a transformative process of becoming fluid to a submerged world of currents and spirits. By showing how this process brings bodies to or beyond their threshold of endurance, the article sheds light on the situated vulnerabilities of dive fishers in an environment of exploitation.
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- 2022
9. Nudging fisheries and aquaculture research towards food systems
- Author
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Sarah Sutcliffe, F. Simmance, Jillian Wate, Cynthia McDougall, Michael Akester, Michael Phillips, Molly Ahern, Philippa J. Cohen, Sarah Freed, S. Suri, Joshua Wesana, Chin Yee Chan, Ian G. Cowx, Joseph Nagoli, David J. Mills, Peter Oosterveer, Kendra A. Byrd, Shakuntala H. Thilsted, Xavier Tezzo, Cindy Huchery, Moving Matters: People, Goods, Power and Ideas (AISSR, FMG), and Governance and Inclusive Development (GID, AISSR, FMG)
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Agriculture and Food Sciences ,IMPACTS ,Supply chain ,GENDER NORMS ,WASS ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Social group ,FUTURE ,medicine ,Justice (ethics) ,SH ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,fish ,SECURITY ,Milieubeleid ,Food security ,CHALLENGES ,business.industry ,aquatic foods ,RESEARCH AGENDA ,GOVERNANCE ,food security ,medicine.disease ,sustainability ,Environmental Policy ,Fishery ,CLIMATE ,Malnutrition ,nutrition ,Sustainability ,Food processing ,Food systems ,Business ,FISH CONSUMPTION ,SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES ,policy - Abstract
Food system is a powerful concept for understanding and responding to nutrition and sustainability challenges. Food systems integrate social, economic, environmental and health aspects of food production through to consumption. Aquatic foods are an essential part of food systems providing an accessible source of nutrition for millions of people. Yet, it is unclear to what degree research across diverse disciplines concerning aquatic foods has engaged food systems, and the value this concept has added. We conducted a systematic review of fisheries, aquaculture and aquatic food literature (2017–2019) to determine the following: the characteristics of this research; the food systems components and interrelations with which research engaged; and the insights generated on nutrition, justice, sustainability and climate change. Sixty five of the 88 reviewed articles focussed on production and supply chains, with 23 considering human nutrition. Only 13% of studies examined low- and middle-income countries that are most vulnerable to undernutrition. One third of articles looked beyond finfish to other aquatic foods, which illuminated values of local knowledge systems and diverse foods for nutrition. When aggregated, reviewed articles examined the full range of food system drivers—biophysical and environmental (34%), demographic (24%) and socio-cultural (27%)—but rarely examined interactions between drivers. Future research that examines a diversity of species in diets, system-wide flows of nutrients, trade-offs amongst objectives, and the nutritional needs of vulnerable social groups would be nudging closer to the ambitions of the food systems concept, which is necessary to address the global challenges of equity, nutrition and sustainability.
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- 2022
10. Capacity building for climate transparency : neutral ‘means of implementation’ or generating political effects?
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Aarti Gupta, Susanne Konrad, and Max van Deursen
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Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Milieubeleid ,WIMEK ,Capacity building ,Paris Agreement ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Climate policy ,Transparency (behavior) ,Environmental Policy ,Core (game theory) ,Politics ,United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ,Accountability ,Business ,Economic system ,Enhanced Transparency Framework - Abstract
Elaborate transparency systems are now at the core of the 2015 Paris Agreement, with the assumption that this will enhance accountability, trust, and greater climate policy ambition. Much attention is now being devoted to increasing the capacity of developing countries to comply with climate transparency requirements. Contrary to viewing capacity building merely as a neutral ‘means of implementation’, our point of departure here is that capacity building has the potential to shape the nature and direction of climate transparency to be generated by countries. Key unasked questions are: What kind of transparency is facilitated through capacity-building efforts, and to further what climate policy ends? The potential steering effects of capacity building for transparency remain, in our view, largely unexamined. In addressing this research gap, we undertake a synthesis review of diverse perspectives on the ‘what, how and who’ of capacity building for transparency, as identifiable in (i) academic and grey literature; (ii) policy perspectives advanced by developed and developing countries; and (iii) emerging practices in two prominent capacity building for transparency initiatives. We draw on this three-part review to shed light on the scope and extent of climate transparency (to be) generated by developing countries in practice, with implications for the transformative potential of transparency in global climate governance. Key policy insightsTransparency about climate actions is central to the 2015 Paris Agreement.Efforts are underway to build capacities of developing countries to comply with transparency requirements.Rather than merely a neutral ‘means of implementation’, capacity building has the potential to influence the scope and extent of transparency generated by countries.To date, the focus has remained on building capacities to report on GHG emissions and mitigation, notwithstanding diverse additional priorities.There is a need for empirical analysis of capacity building’s steering effects in domestic contexts. Transparency about climate actions is central to the 2015 Paris Agreement. Efforts are underway to build capacities of developing countries to comply with transparency requirements. Rather than merely a neutral ‘means of implementation’, capacity building has the potential to influence the scope and extent of transparency generated by countries. To date, the focus has remained on building capacities to report on GHG emissions and mitigation, notwithstanding diverse additional priorities. There is a need for empirical analysis of capacity building’s steering effects in domestic contexts.
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- 2022
11. Extended Producer Responsibility for Pharmaceuticals
- Author
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Atalay Atasu, Can Zhang, L. Beril Toktay, and Isil Alev
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Extended producer responsibility ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Public economics ,Strategy and Management ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,050211 marketing ,Social Welfare ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Environmental policy ,Business ,Management Science and Operations Research - Abstract
Problem definition: We investigate the effectiveness of different extended producer responsibility (EPR) implementation models for pharmaceuticals. In particular, we study two viable and prevalent models: (1) source reduction (SR), where a form of fee on sale is imposed on producers, and (2) end-of-pipe control (EC), where producers are made responsible for the collection of unused pharmaceuticals. Academic/practical relevance: The existing literature on EPR implementation models has focused primarily on nonconsumable products (e.g., electronics), whereas there is limited research on the effectiveness of different EPR implementation models for pharmaceuticals used in practice. We aim to fill this gap in this study. Methodology: We develop a game-theoretic model to characterize the equilibrium strategies of different stakeholders under both the SR and EC models and compare the resulting producer profit, environmental/social impact, and total welfare. Results: In contrast to the nonconsumable contexts where the SR model is shown to maximize total welfare, the EC model leads to a higher total welfare for certain categories of pharmaceuticals because of its effectiveness in eliminating overprescription. Moreover, we characterize conditions under which stakeholder (e.g., producer, environmental/social advocacy groups) preferences toward EPR implementation model choices are (mis-)aligned. We further show that limiting the social planner’s budget surplus under SR can eliminate the preference misalignment but leads to a loss of total welfare. Managerial implications: (1) Policymakers should be cautious about directly applying preferred EPR models from other product categories to the pharmaceutical setting. (2) The EC model maximizes the objectives of all stakeholders for a salient category of pharmaceuticals with high health benefits, high collection costs, and high environmental/social costs. (3) Policymakers should give thought to differentiating EPR implementation models across pharmaceutical categories. (4) It is important to carefully quantify the health impact of the pharmaceuticals and the operational cost parameters to inform policymaking.
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- 2022
12. Do environmental policy and innovation improve carbon productivity? Evidence from the Korean Emission Trading Scheme
- Author
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Jung Youn Mo
- Subjects
Scheme (programming language) ,Environmental Engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Natural resource economics ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,chemistry ,Emissions trading ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Productivity ,computer ,Carbon ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
This study investigates the relationship among technology innovation, emission trading schemes, and carbon productivity based on data from firms participating in the Korean Emission Trading Scheme. First, the total factor carbon productivity based on stochastic frontier analysis is estimated by industry and it is confirmed that changes in carbon productivity vary by industry. Based on the estimated carbon productivity, panel data analysis is conducted to determine the effects of innovation and environmental policy on carbon productivity. The results show that R&D investment and environmental policy play an important role in promoting carbon productivity. In this study, the factors affecting carbon productivity are also analyzed by industry. Comparative analysis across industries confirms that factors affecting environmental performance vary by industry. Innovation does not significantly affect carbon productivity in assembling industries, but in the process industry, R&D investment plays an important role in increasing environmental performance.
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- 2021
13. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IMPROVES THE FIRM PERFORMANCE IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN CHINA
- Author
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Yi Li, Lili Ding, and Yongliang Yang
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Economics and Econometrics ,Key (cryptography) ,Environmental regulation ,Environmental policy ,Business ,China ,Administration (government) ,Industrial organization - Abstract
This research develops a difference-in-differences (DID) model to explore the relationship between environmental policy (The Measures for the Administration of Permits for the Discharge of Key Water Pollutants in the Huaihe and Taihu River Basins, MAPD) and the performance of firms involved in the paper and paper products industry (MPP) in China. Cost and innovation are introduced as mediators to explore the mediating effects. A firm-level dataset from 1998 to 2007 is adopted for empirical study. The findings support the positive role of the MAPD, and the average treatment effect is 0.016.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the MAPD exerts a positive impact on non-state-owned and small-scale enterprises, with coefficients of 0.018 and 0.021, respectively. Moreover, MAPD increases enterprise costs harming firm performance. On the other hand, it can promote firm performance by improving innovation ability.
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- 2021
14. Regulatory competition, administrative discretion, and environmental policy implementation
- Author
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Neal D. Woods
- Subjects
Regulatory competition ,Public Administration ,Public economics ,Administrative discretion ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Environmental policy ,Business ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law - Published
- 2021
15. Industrial waste, green taxes and environmental policies in a regional perspective
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Anabel Zárate-Marco and Jaime Vallés-Giménez
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Natural resource economics ,Perspective (graphical) ,General Social Sciences ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Industrial waste ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
This paper analyses the effectiveness of regional governments’ environmental taxes and policies in reducing industrial waste. We propose a spatial and dynamic model for the Spanish regions during the period 1999–2017. The results suggest that there are spatial and dynamic components in the generation of industrial waste; and that the specific environmental tax policy applied to industrial waste is not very effective, although the induced effect of these taxes and other environmental policies reduces the waste generation. Our model also suggests a relative decoupling between growth and waste, although many regions are still far from the waste Kuznets curve (WKC) turning point.
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- 2021
16. Research on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and environmental management efficiency under competitive pressure: evidence from China
- Author
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Mingxue Xu
- Subjects
China ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Government ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Corporate governance ,Politics ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Decentralization ,Environmental Policy ,Competition (economics) ,Environmental governance ,Local government ,Scale (social sciences) ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental impact assessment ,Economic Development ,Business ,Economic system - Abstract
Taking industrial waste gas control as an example, this study explores the impact of fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of local governments' environmental governance under the pressure of competition, and analyzes the role of competition among local governments and support for R&D activities. The results demonstrate that fiscal decentralization can significantly promote the efficiency of local governance on control of waste gas, and this positive effect is mainly realized through the support from local government for R&D activities. As for the influence of inter-governmental competitions, only the competition in terms of governance efficiency delivers a significant U-shaped impact, and competition in expenditure scale and economy area weakly inhibits the positive influence of decentralization, meaning that the evaluation system centered on economic growth and the imitation strategy of local expenditure will not lead to a great decline in the efficiency of the use of environmental governance. Overall, this study suggests that further fiscal decentralization, emphases on government support for R&D activities, and enhanced environmental assessment in official evaluation are all the important directions for boosting the efficiency of governance.
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- 2021
17. Will tougher environmental policy reduce the employment of industrial enterprises? The heterogeneity analysis based on enterprise level and city level
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Yue Yang, Yusen Gao, and Changsheng Hu
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Enterprise level ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Strategy and Management ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Business and International Management ,Industrial organization - Published
- 2021
18. Institutional and stakeholder effects on carbon mitigation strategies
- Author
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Dileep G. Dhavale, Kanwalroop K. Dhanda, and Joseph Sarkis
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Sustainable development ,Strategy and Management ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Stakeholder ,Stakeholder engagement ,Carbon mitigation ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Business and International Management ,Environmental planning - Published
- 2021
19. The European Union’s Environmental Policy and Long-Term Investments of Enterprises
- Author
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Małgorzata Janicka and Artur Sajnóg
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Economic policy ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Business ,Environmental policy ,European union ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Term (time) ,media_common - Published
- 2021
20. Executive compensation and sustainable business practices: The moderating role of sustainability‐based compensation
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Colette Grey, Antoinette Flynn, and Douglas A. Adu
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Executive compensation ,Sustainable business ,Strategy and Management ,Compensation (psychology) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Sustainability ,Stakeholder engagement ,Environmental policy ,Business ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Business and International Management ,Environmental economics - Published
- 2021
21. Fulfilling expectations or overachieving: The role of market values in the linkage between environmental and financial performance
- Author
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Tomi Solakivi, Sini Laari, Juuso Töyli, and Oskari Rintala
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Financial performance ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Accounting ,Linkage (mechanical) ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,law.invention ,law ,Corporate social responsibility ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Business and International Management ,Institutional theory - Published
- 2021
22. Sustainable development in nature‐based destinations. The social dilemma of an environmental policy
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Iis P. Tussyadiah and M. Rosario González-Rodríguez
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Sustainable development ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Perspective-taking ,Nature based ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Social dilemma ,Development ,Economic system ,Destinations ,Sustainable tourism - Published
- 2021
23. Agricultural Trade and Environmental Sustainability
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Thomas Heckelei, Thomas W. Hertel, and Kathy Baylis
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Pollution ,Economics and Econometrics ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Natural resource economics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sustainability ,Production (economics) ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Externality ,media_common - Abstract
Global agriculture consumes substantial resources and produces significant pollution. By shifting its production to new locations, and inducing changes in technology and input use, trade has a substantial impact on environmental sustainability of the world's food systems, but due to suboptimal environmental policy, the exact nature of these impacts is in dispute. We review the literature on agricultural trade and environmental sustainability, highlighting the different approaches taken in ecology versus economics. While useful in identifying environmental costs, much of the ecological literature does not compare these costs to a trade-free counterfactual and can therefore be misleading. Further, by moving production to places with more resources and increasing production efficiency, trade can reduce the environmental impact of food production. On the other hand, trade can also limit the effectiveness of domestic environmental policy because production can be shifted to countries with less stringent regulations. However, recently, consumers are leveraging trade policy to induce exporters to improve environmental sustainability. While such policies are gaining traction in wealthy countries, evidence suggests that such measures will not reach their potential without buy-in from decision makers in the countries where the environmental damages are occurring.
- Published
- 2021
24. Comprehensive Security: The Opportunities and Challenges of Incorporating Environmental Threats in Security Policy
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Helmi Räisänen, Mikko J. Virtanen, Jussi T. Eronen, Janne Hukkinen, Emma Hakala, Social Policy, Past Present Sustainability (PAES), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Environmental Policy Research Group (EPRG), Faculty of Law, Toxic Crimes: Human Rights and the Destruction of the Environment during Conflict, Eastern European Studies (Aleksanteri Institute), Creative adaptation to wicked socio-environmental disruptions (WISE STN), Environmental Sciences, Department of Economics and Management, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), and Sociology
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Environmental security ,Civil society ,Public Administration ,Sociology and Political Science ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Ecology, Environment ,Geopolitics ,Security policy ,Ökologie und Umwelt ,Sicherheitspolitik ,050601 international relations ,Political science (General) ,security policy ,environmental policy ,Ökologie ,ddc:577 ,Empirical evidence ,Political science ,1172 Environmental sciences ,CONFLICT ,Klimawandel ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,Ecology ,05 social sciences ,comprehensive security ,environmental security ,Computer security model ,16. Peace & justice ,0506 political science ,climate change ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,13. Climate action ,Foreign policy ,Preparedness ,ddc:320 ,Umweltpolitik ,5171 Political Science ,Business ,JA1-92 - Abstract
In security and foreign policy discourse, environmental issues have been discussed increasingly as security threats that require immediate action. Yet, as the traditional security sector does not provide straightforward means to deal with climate change and other environmental issues, this has prompted concerns over undue securitisation and ill-placed extreme measures. We argue that an effective policy to address foreseeable environmental security threats can only be developed and maintained by ensuring that it remains resolutely within the domain of civil society. In this article, we consider the case of Finland, where the policy concept of comprehensive security has been presented as the official guideline for security and preparedness activities in different sectors. Comprehensive security aims to safeguard the vital functions of society through cooperation between authorities, business operators, organisations, and citizens. We analyse the opportunities and challenges of Finland’s comprehensive security policy in addressing environmental changes through a three-level framework of local, geopolitical and structural security impacts. Our empirical evidence is based on a set of expert interviews (n = 40) that represent a wide range of fields relevant to unconventional security issues. We find that the Finnish comprehensive security model provides an example of a wide and inclusive perspective to security which would allow for taking into account environmental security concerns. However, due to major challenges in the implementation of the model, it does not fully incorporate the long-term, cross-sectoral, and cascading aspects of environmental threats. This weakens Finland’s preparedness against climate change which currently poses some of the most urgent environmental security problems.
- Published
- 2021
25. Actor motivations to engage with collaborative agri-environmental policy: An assemblage based exploration
- Author
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David Meredith, Christine Bonnin, and Jack McCarthy
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Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Appeal ,Development ,Public relations ,General partnership ,Political science ,Sustainability ,Assemblage (archaeology) ,Environmental policy ,Collaborative design ,Agricultural productivity ,business ,Futures contract - Abstract
Governments around the world are seeking to achieve socially just transitions to environmentally sustainable modes of agricultural production. Policy makers have increasingly sought to engage an array of societal actors in the collaborative design and implementation of associated policies, which we refer to as Agri-Environmental Policy (AEP) initiatives. Yet, the existing literature includes little context specific exploration of the motivations of those who engage with such initiatives. This paper addresses this gap by exploring the motivations of a small group of actors who established and coordinated a collaborative group to apply to one AEP initiative in Ireland – the European Innovation Partnership for Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability (EIP-AGRI). This group included three farmers, an agri-environmental policy advocate, and a research scientist. Drawing on assemblage literature, we illustrate how each of these actors' motivations emerged 1) based on the specific relationships in which they operated and 2) based on their imagining of potential future scenarios, which they sought to actualise through EIP-AGRI. This paper thus provides a qualitative account of how motivations emerge as different actors creatively navigate complex sets of relationships. We illustrate the utility of an assemblage approach to explore such motivations in ways that account for specific contexts and the capacity of each actor to engage with possible futures. We conclude that the capacity of collaborative approaches to AEP to appeal to actors from different backgrounds relies heavily on such actors’ ability to envisage and anticipate new possibilities. This line of exploration helps us to better understand the extent to which collaborative AEP may align the multiple goals associated with transitioning to environmentally sustainable and socially just food production systems.
- Published
- 2021
26. Impact of green entrepreneurship orientation on environmental performance: The natural resource‐based view and environmental policy perspective
- Author
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Abderrazak Ahmed Laghouag, Fateh Belaid, Lahcene Makhloufi, and Tang Meirun
- Subjects
Entrepreneurship ,Strategy and Management ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Perspective (graphical) ,Economic geography ,Environmental policy ,Business ,Natural resource based view ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Business and International Management ,Orientation (graph theory) - Published
- 2021
27. The rise of the Global South and the rise in carbon emissions
- Author
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Harald Fuhr
- Subjects
High energy ,business.industry ,Fachgruppe Politik- & Verwaltungswissenschaft ,Fossil fuel ,Global South ,Climate change ,Development ,Environmental protection ,Greenhouse gas ,ddc:320 ,Environmental science ,Environmental policy ,International development ,business ,Intensity (heat transfer) - Abstract
Jointly with the Global North, the rise of the Global South has come at a high cost to the environment. Driven by its high energy intensity and the use of fossil fuels, the South has contributed a significant portion of global emissions during the last 30 years, and is now contributing some 63% of today's total GHG emissions (including land-use change and forestry). Similar to the Global North, the Global South's emissions are heavily concentrated: India and China alone account for some 60% and the top 10 countries for some 78% of the group's emissions, while some 120 countries account for only 22%. Without highlighting such differences, it makes little sense to use the term 'Global South'. Its members are affected differently, and contribute differently to global climate change. They neither share a common view, nor do they pursue joint interests when it comes to international climate negotiations. Instead, they are organised into more than a dozen subgroups of the global climate regime. There is no single climate strategy for the Global South, and climate action will differ enormously from country to country. Furthermore, just and equitable transitions may be particularly challenging for some countries.
- Published
- 2021
28. Determinants of firm-level energy productivity – Evidence from the Korean emission trading scheme
- Author
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Jung Youn Mo and Wooyoung Jeon
- Subjects
Scheme (programming language) ,Environmental Engineering ,Carbon tax ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Carbon neutrality ,Manufacturing ,Economics ,Environmental policy ,Emissions trading ,business ,Energy productivity ,computer ,Industrial organization ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
With increasing global pressure on transition to carbon neutrality, various technical and policy efforts such as emission trading scheme and carbon tax are being made to improve energy productivity. Yet, there are not many literatures that analyze determinants of firm-level energy productivity, which is an important issue as energy use in industry accounts for one fourth of global carbon emission. This study investigates factors affecting energy productivity such as technology innovation, environmental policy and energy price based on firm-level data from the Korean Emission Trading Scheme (KETS). The total factor energy productivity is estimated by industry based on stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and panel data analysis is performed to identify determinants of firm-level energy productivity. The results show that energy productivity in Korea has been improved since 2016, and technical progress and environmental policy play an important role in promoting energy productivity. In addition, analysis identifying industry-specific characteristics is performed as their production process and energy consumptions structures vary. The result shows that innovation activity does not significantly affect energy productivity in process industries, but it does in the assembling and high technology industries. This paper implies that policy design reflecting industry-specific characteristics is important to improve energy efficiency more effectively.
- Published
- 2021
29. The ecological footprint facing asymmetric natural resources challenges: evidence from the USA
- Author
-
Abdullah Emre Caglar, Mehmet Mert, Ersin Yavuz, and Emre Kiliç
- Subjects
Natural resource economics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Environmental pollution ,Kuznets curve ,Renewable energy consumption ,Natural Resources ,Environmental Kuznets Curve ,Economics ,Ecological footprint ,Unit-Root Test ,Nonrenewable Energy ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Renewable Energy ,Renewable Energy-Consumption ,Economic-Growth ,Environmental degradation ,Economic growth ,Environmental quality ,Asymmetric ARDL ,Cointegration ,business.industry ,Co2 Emissions ,General Medicine ,Carbon Dioxide ,Pollution ,Natural resource ,Environmental Policy ,Renewable energy ,Ekc Hypothesis ,Real Income ,Financial Development ,Economic Development ,Biocapacity ,business - Abstract
One of the most critical problems of today is the environmental policies with the focus on economy. Despite the many efforts of global organizations, environmental pollution is the subject of human beings. For this, the most polluting countries attract the attention of researchers. Many studies produce economy-centered environmental policies for the USA. However, the asymmetric effect of natural resources on environmental pollution has been neglected in the literature. In this paper, the effects of economic growth, renewable energy, biocapacity, and natural resources on the ecological footprint are addressed within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis over the period 1980-2017. Empirical findings confirm that economic growth and biocapacity increase environmental degradation, while renewable energy consumption helps reduce environmental damage. More specifically, when the results are analyzed in terms of natural resources, positive shocks in natural resources contribute to reducing environmental damage, while negative shocks in it negatively affect the environmental quality. The paper presents important policy implications for economy-centered environmental issues.
- Published
- 2021
30. Analysis of the mechanism of the impact of internet development on green economic growth: evidence from 269 prefecture cities in China
- Author
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Jianlong Wang, Haitao Wu, Muhammad Irfan, Siyu Ren, Xiaodong Yang, Weilong Wang, Munir Ahmad, and Qiying Ran
- Subjects
China ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Internet ,Index (economics) ,business.industry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Information technology ,Environmental pollution ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Network economy ,Environmental Policy ,Environmental governance ,Environmental Chemistry ,The Internet ,Economic Development ,Business ,Economic geography ,Digital economy ,Cities ,Panel data - Abstract
As the digital economy develops rapidly and the network information technology advances, new development models represented by the network economy have emerged, which have a crucial impact on green economic growth. However, the relevant previous studies lacked the role of analyzing the direct and indirect effects of internet development on green economic growth at the prefecture-level city level. For this purpose, this paper aims to examine the intrinsic mechanism of the impact of internet development on green economic growth and provide empirical support for cities and regions in China to increase internet construction. Furthermore, the mixed model (EBM), which includes both radial and non-radial distance functions, is applied to calculate the green economic growth index. Fixed effect model and mediation effect model are also employed to test influence mechanisms of the internet development on green economic growth using panel data of 269 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2019. The statistical results reveal that internet development has contributed significantly to green economic growth. When the internet development level increases by 1 unit, the green economic growth level increases by an average of 5.0372 units. However, regional heterogeneity is evident between internet development and green economic growth, that is, the promoting effect of internet development on green economic growth is gradually enhanced from the eastern region to the western region. We also find that internet development guides industrial structure upgrading improves environmental quality and accelerates enterprise innovation, which indirectly contributes to green economic growth. And internet development mainly achieves green economic growth through enterprise innovation. Based on the above findings, we concluded that policymakers should not only strengthen the guiding role of social actors to promote the stable development of the internet industry, but also foster the construction of the three models of "internet+industry integration," "internet+environmental governance," and "internet+enterprise innovation" to promote green economic growth.
- Published
- 2021
31. The environmental component of ESG factors from the standpoint of management in a closed-loop economy
- Author
-
E. V. Zhukova
- Subjects
sustainable economy ,closed-cycle economy ,Legislation ,Production cycle ,HM401-1281 ,Extended producer responsibility ,Sharing economy ,environmental policy ,Production (economics) ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Sociology (General) ,European union ,HB71-74 ,Industrial organization ,media_common ,erp concept ,sharing economy ,General Medicine ,secondary raw materials ,waste legislation ,Product (business) ,Economics as a science ,waste formation ,Business ,ecology ,Strategic development - Abstract
Various approaches to the implementation of the concept of extended producer responsibility in the European Union are considered, and the features of the introduction and use of the closed-cycle economy in European countries are determined. Some examples of the impact of waste legislation on the production cycle of a product in the European Union are considered, as well as the main obstacles that manufacturers had to face when trying to introduce the extended producer responsibility concept in its current form into production. The key problems of using and implementing the concept under consideration in the economy are highlighted. The interrelation of ESG factors as guidelines for strategic development with the need for the development of mechanisms of extended producer responsibility is shown. The prospects for the development of extended producer responsibility in Russian production are also outlined.
- Published
- 2021
32. Impacts of Decentralized Environmental Governance on Andean Bear Conservation in Colombia
- Author
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Nathan P. Nibbelink, Rhianna R. Hohbein, and Robert J. Cooper
- Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,biology ,Corporate governance ,Wildlife ,Context (language use) ,Colombia ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Decentralization ,Environmental Policy ,Environmental governance ,Development economics ,Animals ,Humans ,Business ,Natural resource management ,Tremarctos ornatus ,Ecosystem ,Ursidae ,Wildlife conservation - Abstract
Decentralized environmental governance has become increasingly common across much of Latin America and in developing countries more generally, yet the impacts of decentralization on wildlife conservation remain unclear. Decentralized environmental governance is thought to improve efficiency, local compliance, and democratic potential of natural resource management. However, wildlife conservation, especially that of large mammals, poses unique challenges in the context of decentralized governance: wildlife conservation is often expensive, requires large expanses of contiguous habitat, and often offers few economic benefits. We analyzed Colombia's decentralized environmental governance and its performance in conserving a contentious and border-crossing wildlife species, the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus). We considered both decentralized institutions and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This analysis is informed by 67 semi-structured interviews with conservation practitioners in Colombia. We found inconsistent program implementation across the country and little information exchange among institutions. These issues quite likely contribute to exacerbated human-bear conflict and thus more Andean bear deaths suggesting that the successful coordination of large-scale wildlife conservation may yet require the leadership of strong central institutions. A few international NGOs were working to improve Andean bear conservation in Colombia, but we saw little involvement at the national level of Colombian NGOs-some of whom felt they were being unfairly outcompeted by international elites. We recommend a greater engagement with Colombian NGOs (by both donors and international NGOs) as a means through which to ensure the integrity of Andean bear conservation into the future.
- Published
- 2021
33. Whose policy is it anyway? Public support for clean energy policy depends on the message and the messenger
- Author
-
Emily Diamond and Jack Zhou
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Framing (construction) ,Clean energy ,Political economy ,Climate change ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Public support - Abstract
Environmental policy advocates are increasingly proposing ‘bundled’ clean energy policies to combat climate change while also creating jobs and transforming the economy. While such strategies may b...
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- 2021
34. Do investors care about carbon emissions under the European Environmental Policy?
- Author
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Rahel Mandaroux and Houdou Basse Mama
- Subjects
business.industry ,Natural resource economics ,Strategy and Management ,Greenhouse gas ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Enterprise value ,Economics ,Stock market ,Environmental policy ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Business and International Management ,Clean technology ,business - Published
- 2021
35. Strategic Environmental Policy and the Mobility of Firms
- Author
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Philipp M. Richter, Robert C. Schmidt, and Marco Runkel
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Carbon leakage ,050208 finance ,General equilibrium theory ,Natural resource economics ,05 social sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,chemistry ,Obstacle ,0502 economics and business ,Key (cryptography) ,Business ,Environmental policy ,050207 economics ,Carbon ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
The loss of international competitiveness of domestic industries remains a key obstacle to the implementation of effective carbon prices in a world without harmonized climate policies. We a...
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- 2021
36. Assessment of how environmental policy affects urban innovation: Evidence from China’s low-carbon pilot cities program
- Author
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Wenjing Song, Min Liu, and Yanping Tian
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Urban innovation ,05 social sciences ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Green innovation ,Porter hypothesis ,02 engineering and technology ,Odds ,0502 economics and business ,021108 energy ,Business ,Economic geography ,Environmental policy ,050207 economics ,China - Abstract
This paper evaluates the impact of China’s Low-carbon Pilot Cities (LCPC) program on urban innovation over the period of 2004–2016. Surprisingly, this program has lowered urban nongreen innovation without affecting urban green innovation. An average decline of 0.31 (ranging from 0.27 to 0.34) in urban nongreen innovation contributes most to the average decline of 0.29 (ranging from 0.25 to 0.32) in total urban innovation during this period. This finding is at odds with the Porter hypothesis that environmental policy may trigger innovation, especially green innovation. Rather, the LCPC program appears to have a crowding-out effect on urban nongreen innovation. A possible mechanism that generates such an outcome is the program’s negative influence on industrial firms without green innovation. Evidence of the reduction in the number of industrial firms without green innovation, the increase in the number of zombie firms and the reduction in foreign newborn firms all support this argument.
- Published
- 2021
37. Adoption of environmental standards and a lack of awareness: evidence from the food and beverage industry in Vietnam
- Author
-
Suchita Srinivasan and Massimo Filippini
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,business.product_category ,Public economics ,Beverage industry ,Internet access ,Developing country ,Environmental certification ,Small and medium-sized enterprises ,Environmental policy ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,business ,Environmental degradation ,Social policy - Abstract
Voluntary approaches to environmental policy can contribute to stemming environmental degradation in developing countries with weak institutions. We evaluate the role of a lack of awareness of a law in explaining the voluntary adoption of environmental certification by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the food and beverage industry in Vietnam. We find that firms, where owners or managers were unaware of the law were 38 percentage points less likely to receive environmental certification. Moreover, this effect is larger for firms that exported, had internet access or paid bribes, and it is weaker for household enterprises. Our results suggest that increasing legal awareness can weaken informational constraints for SMEs, where weak institutions and a lack of information often hamper the uptake of environmental policy initiatives.
- Published
- 2021
38. Environmental aspects of agricultural policies of the European Union countries
- Author
-
Anna Lytvynchuk
- Subjects
directions ,Food security ,Economic policy ,business.industry ,Economic growth, development, planning ,Subsidy ,governmental support ,Green economy ,green economy ,Agrarian society ,Economics as a science ,Agricultural land ,Agriculture ,environmental policy ,HD72-88 ,Agricultural policy ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,business ,HB71-74 ,agricultural sector ,media_common - Abstract
At present, the state of the economy of the agricultural sector in many countries of the world, including in the countries of the European Union (EU), inherent in developed industry, has led to the transition to a new environmentally oriented agricultural policy. An important role is assigned to state support of agricultural producers, through subsidies, preferential credit policy, and in some countries, the complete abolition of taxation of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas, which confirms the relevance and national economic significance of the article. In domestic agroeconomic science and practice, there is no scientific concept of state participation in the process of bringing the agricultural sector out of the crisis. Research objectives – consider the development policy of the agricultural sector of the EU countries; study the level of state support for agricultural producers. The purpose of the work is to consider the degree of development of the agricultural policy of the EU countries in the context of ensuring food security. The methods and methodology of the research were general scientific, particular methods of cognition, including the historical and logical, the method of observation and comparison. Shows the main approaches to state regulation of the development of the agro-industrial sector at the level of the European Union as a whole and in the context of member countries; characteristic features and principles that determine the success and integrity of a unified agricultural policy; factors contributing to the productivity of agricultural land; agro-ecological requirements restricting the import of genetically modified products; the main tasks in the development of a new policy of the agrarian sector of the economy; priority directions of regulation of measures to support agricultural producers, integrated development of rural areas, increasing the competitiveness of the EU agricultural sector. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that this study will allow the state bodies of Belarus to better understand how it is necessary to form an agricultural policy in the context of ensuring food security.
- Published
- 2021
39. A Study on Environmental Policy Integration for the Efficient Use and Conservation of Natural Environmental Values
- Author
-
Ho-Jung Yoon and Sung-Jin Yeom
- Subjects
Business ,Environmental policy ,Environmental planning ,Natural (archaeology) - Published
- 2021
40. A review of the status of environmental impact assessment in Pakistan
- Author
-
Sadia Hassan Sherani, Umama Izbel, Ali Akbar, Amna H. Khan, Anila Bahadur, Kiran Younas, and Laraib Ehtasham
- Subjects
Legal status ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Stakeholder ,Developing country ,General Medicine ,Environmental Policy ,Transparency (graphic) ,Pakistan ,Environmental impact assessment ,National Environmental Policy Act ,Business ,Environmental planning ,Environmental Monitoring ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a process that examines the potential impacts of development projects on society and the environment. The concept of EIA originated in 1969 by the US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), followed by other developed and developing countries all over the globe. This paper reviews the legal status of EIA and its implementation, effectiveness, and deficiencies in Pakistan. EIA received legal status in Pakistan when the Environmental Protection Ordinance (PEPO) was drafted in 1983. This ordinance was then converted into the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) in 1997. Currently, EIA is conducted for many development projects in Pakistan, including infrastructure and industry projects. Environmental protection acts containing sections related to EIA and Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE; a small preliminary study for an EIA project) have been established by all Pakistani provinces, which conduct its systematic facilitation in the country. The effectiveness of the EIA/IEE process in Pakistan can be enhanced by ensuring stakeholder participation, guaranteeing transparency, providing resources to environmental agencies, and post-monitoring of EIA/IEE processes. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:314-318. © 2021 SETAC.
- Published
- 2021
41. The impact of market-incentive environmental regulation on the development of the new energy vehicle industry: a quasi-natural experiment based on China's dual-credit policy
- Author
-
Feng Dong and Lu Zheng
- Subjects
China ,Motivation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Porter hypothesis ,Subsidy ,Environmental pollution ,General Medicine ,Energy security ,Pollution ,Environmental Policy ,Oligopoly ,Policy ,Incentive ,Inventions ,Industry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Business ,Total factor productivity ,Productivity ,Industrial organization - Abstract
Promoting new energy vehicles (NEVs) is considered to be one of the most effective ways to solve the increasingly serious problems of energy security and environmental pollution. Under the background of a gradual decline in the use of subsidy policy, the dual-credit policy (DCP), as a market-incentive environmental regulation, has been introduced to the process of policy development. This is of great significance in promoting NEVs and upgrading of the automobile industry. Based on data for 56 listed companies related to NEVs from 2012 to 2019, this study investigated the impact of the DCP on total factor productivity (TFP) under the framework of the propensity score matching difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) and further analyzed the mechanisms by how the DCP impacted on TFP. In addition, the heterogenous impacts of different firms were investigated. The results reveal three key findings. (1) After using instrumental variable to overcome endogenous problems and carrying out a series of robustness tests, the DCP can significantly improve firms’ TFP, and this effect is increasing annually. (2) The results of the mechanism analysis show that technological innovation, reputation enhancements, and the reduction of manager motivation have promotional effects on firms’ TFP. Besides, environmental tax can reduce the contribution of research and development (R&D) innovation to TFP. (3) In terms of regional and market structural levels, the promotional effect of the DCP on firms’ TFP in the eastern region is greater than that in the midwestern region. Furthermore, it has no significant effect on competitive firms, but plays a significant role in the improvement of oligopolistic firms’ TFP. This study supported the Porter Hypothesis that flexible market-incentive environmental regulation is likely to trigger positive productivity effects, and provided an empirical basis and latest information for promoting the accuracy and effectiveness of the DCP implementation.
- Published
- 2021
42. The national budget as the financial basis for the environmental policy in the EU countries
- Author
-
Kseniya A. Belova, L.P. Koroleva, and Mariya K. Frolova
- Subjects
Economic policy ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Eu countries ,National budget - Abstract
Subject. The article discusses the role of the budgetary system in the EU countries in financing the environmental policy of States. We analyze the volume and structure of environmental taxes and national budgetary spending on environmental protection, and their equilibrium. Objectives. We trace modern trends in the environmental portion of the EU countries’ budgets and substantiate thresholds of budgetary revenue and expenditures with respect to the environment in the Russian Federation. Methods. The study is based on general, economic-statistical methods and methods of economic analysis of trend series. Results. Having analyzed ecotaxes and budgetary spending on environmental protection in 2010–2019, we traced the stabilizing tendency of the budgetary contribution to finance of the environmental policy in 27 EU countries in terms of income and expenditures for environmental protection, the differentiation of the above indicators across the EU countries. In the EU countries, local authorities are obviously in charge of financing environmental protection costs, maintaining the surplus of the environmental portion of national budgets. We measured the mean value of environmental taxes and national budget spending in environmental protection in 27 EU countries. Conclusions and Relevance. As the EU actively promotes sustainable development values, respective budgetary systems continue to make more or less the same contribution throughout 2010–2019, according to aggregate data of 27 EU countries. However, the contribution significantly differs as per data of certain EU countries. Assessing the adequacy and balance of the environmental portion of the Russian consolidated budget, mean values of the EU data can be used to substantiate thresholds of the indicators.
- Published
- 2021
43. R&D as bridge to sustainable development? Case of Czech Republic and Slovenia
- Author
-
Jana Hojnik, Viktor Prokop, and Jan Stejskal
- Subjects
Czech ,Sustainable development ,Strategy and Management ,language ,Environmental regulation ,Environmental policy ,Business ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Development ,Environmental planning ,Bridge (interpersonal) ,language.human_language - Published
- 2021
44. Large-scale Degradation of the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin
- Author
-
Carlos Roberto dos Anjos Candeiro, Marcelo F. G. Brito, Alberto Akama, Dilermando Pereira Lima Junior, Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro, Murilo S. Dias, Idelina Gomes da Silva, Fabrício Barreto Teresa, Luis Mauricio Bini, Mário Luís Orsi, Renato Torres Pinheiro, Mariana Pires de Campos Telles, Lucas Barbosa e Souza, André Lincoln Barroso Magalhães, Pedro Ribeiro Martins, Valter M. Azevedo-Santos, Paulo De Marco, Rosana Mazzoni, João Carlos Nabout, Ludgero Cardoso Galli Vieira, Edson Eyji Sano, Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia, Miguel Petrere, Rodrigo Assis de Carvalho, Marcus Vinicius Moreira Barbosa, Hasley Rodrigo Pereira, Vanessa S. Daga, Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro, Davi Borges das Chagas, Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule, Wagner de Melo Ferreira, Phamela Bernardes Perônico, Rodrigo Ferreira Krüger, Érica Pellegrini Caramaschi, Rafael Loyola, Vagner Leonardo Macedo dos Santos, Jansen Zuanon, Fernando Mayer Pelicice, Solange de Fátima Lolis, José Dilermando Andrade Filho, Angelo Antonio Agostinho, Thiago Nilton Alves Pereira, Adriana Malvasio, Tiago Kütter Krolow, Sidinei Magela Thomaz, Edgardo Manuel Latrubesse, André Andrian Padial, Paulo Santos Pompeu, Guarino R. Colli, Lívia Helena Tonella, Philip M. Fearnside, Priscilla Carvalho, José Alexandre Felizola Diniz Filho, Carine C. Chamon, Fabyano Alvares Cardoso Lopes, Thiago Costa Gonçalves Portelinha, Leandro Castello, Etiene Fabbrin Pires, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Universidade Estadual do Tocantins (Unitins), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Researcher, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Laboratório de Microbiologia Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás-(Seduc-GO), PPGECOMAR, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC), and Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade - ICB/UFG
- Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources ,Forest management ,Drainage basin ,Conservation ,Structural basin ,Ecosystem services ,Rivers ,Animals ,Environmental planning ,Ecosystem ,Hydropower ,Agribusiness ,Global and Planetary Change ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Biodiversity ,South America ,Pollution ,Environmental Policy ,Policy ,Sustainability ,Agriculture ,business - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:42:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 The Tocantins-Araguaia Basin is one of the largest river systems in South America, located entirely within Brazilian territory. In the last decades, capital-concentrating activities such as agribusiness, mining, and hydropower promoted extensive changes in land cover, hydrology, and environmental conditions. These changes are jeopardizing the basin’s biodiversity and ecosystem services. Threats are escalating as poor environmental policies continue to be formulated, such as environmentally unsustainable hydropower plants, large-scale agriculture for commodity production, and aquaculture with non-native fish. If the current model persists, it will deepen the environmental crisis in the basin, compromising broad conservation goals and social development in the long term. Better policies will require thought and planning to minimize growing threats and ensure the basin’s sustainability for future generations. Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquaticos Continentais (PEA) Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses Instituto René Rachou Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Museu de Zoologia e Taxidermia José Hidasi Universidade Estadual do Tocantins (Unitins) Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Laboratório de Ictiologia Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) Laboratório de Paleontologia e Evolução Curso de Geologia Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática Universidade Estadual de Goiás Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Herbário do Tocantins Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Departamento de Zoologia Universidade de Brasília Researcher Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes e Invasões Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) Laboratório de Entomologia Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) Environmental Sciences Program-CIAMB Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) Campus Universitário do Araguaia Laboratório de Microbiologia Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (FBDS) & Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia (LABECZ) Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás-(Seduc-GO) UNISANTA PPGECOMAR Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Laboratório de Paleobiologia Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Laboratório de Caracterização de Impactos Ambientais (LCIA) Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Embrapa Cerrado Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Laboratório de Análises Geoambientais (LGA) Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Centro de Biologia Aquática Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás Laboratório de Biodiversidade Universidade Evangélica de Goiás Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC) Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade - ICB/UFG Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupelia) Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Departamento de Direito Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais e Limnológicas (Nepal) Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC) Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Coordenação de Biodiversidade Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”
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- 2021
45. Environmental Policy and Its Role in Achieving Sustainability Requirements: An Analytical Study at the General Company for Battery Industry / Babylon 1 Factory
- Author
-
Abdul Reza Shafiq Al-Basri and Vian Mohammed Hassan
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,050208 finance ,05 social sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,Environmental economics ,01 natural sciences ,0502 economics and business ,Sustainability ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Factory (object-oriented programming) ,Business ,Environmental policy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Environmental policy represents one of the important administrative issues for organizations that seek to have a bright future. They are required to make great and real efforts to diagnose the environmental dimension, evaluate environmental efforts, and think about effective means, mechanisms and ways to protect the environment in the future and to correct past mistakes. The aim of this research is to show the impact that the environmental policy can play in achieving the requirements of sustainability. The research relied on the independent variable represented by the environmental policy, and the dependent variable 17 السياسة البيإية ودور ا ف تحقيق متطلبا االستدامة Millennium Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2(4): (2021) on sustainability and its requirements represented by (rationalization of resource consumption, reducing pollution, reducing the impact on human health, and using renewable energy). The descriptive analytical approach was adopted in the completion of this research, and it included answering the questions related to the research problem by testing two main hypotheses, with regard to correlation and influence relations. The General Battery Industry / Babel 1 Factory in Baghdad, and the statistical program (SPSS.V.23) was used to extract the results. This research reached a set of conclusions regarding environmental policy, the most prominent of which is that it has a continuous and effective positive impact that occurs due to internal and external environmental factors in achieving sustainability, which was represented by the validity of the two hypotheses of the research with the existence of a link and impact of environmental policy on sustainability. Keywords: Environment, environmental policy, sustainability
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- 2021
46. The impact of industry cluster and environmental policies on residents’ health risk evaluation using big data
- Author
-
Limin Chen and Ming Liang Xiong
- Subjects
Public economics ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Rehabilitation ,Big data ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Business cluster ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Health risk ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many heavy industrial clusters have become the largest emission source of air pollutants in China, and the excessive overflow of pollutants occurs sometimes. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the relationship between the changes in ambient air quality and the health risk of residents under the joint action of industrial agglomeration and environmental policies, and analyze the impact of industrial clusters and environmental policies on air quality. METHODS: Shanghai is taken as an example, and the industrial structure, economic changes, and environmental policies are discussed, the impact of air quality change on the health of residents in Shanghai is analyzed, and the exposure risk and health risk of Shanghai residents are evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 16 districts of Shanghai, Minhang district has the densest population, and there are many industrial areas in Qingpu district, Songjiang district, and Baoshan district. Among the four areas, the Minhang area has the highest exposure risk. Qingpu area has the highest total exposure intensity, and the Baoshan area has the lowest exposure intensity. Air pollution slowly affects human health that when air quality is improved, health risks still exist. The impact of PM2.5 on the life expectancy of residents in Shanghai is compared with that of Guangzhou, and it is found that the life expectancy loss of residents in Shanghai is greater than that in Guangzhou. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive analysis of industrial clusters and environmental policies combined with ambient air quality data plays an important role in understanding residents’ health risks, optimizing industrial structure adjustment, and improving ambient air quality.
- Published
- 2021
47. The Necessity for the Implementation of a Global Environmental Policy for the Needs and Conditions and Local Communities. A Comparative Study
- Author
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Magdalena Sitek and Bronisław Sitek
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Environmental planning ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2021
48. The Features of the Environmental Behavior of the Urban Population and the Mechanisms of its Improvement
- Author
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Marina Martynova, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Biryukov, Suzana L. Balova, Irina Eduardovna Korotaeva, Tatiana Ivanovna Zvorykina, and Nafset Shumafovna Blyagoz
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,education.field_of_study ,Process (engineering) ,Environmental behavior ,Population ,Business ,Environmental policy ,Set (psychology) ,education ,Environmental planning - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to characterize the environmental behavior of the population and attempt to identify its models, as well as develop directions and mechanisms for improving urban environmental policy based on levers of influence on existing patterns of behavior, considering the goals of sustainable development. To solve the objectives set in the study, general scientific methods were used: theoretical: analysis of peer-reviewed scientific sources on the research problem to clarify the features of the environmental behavior of the urban population and empirical: a survey method.It has been proven that the mechanisms of direct involvement of citizens in environmental actions and resource-saving practices are effective, since they become the beginning of a dialogue between the main stakeholders of the process: local and central authorities and public organizations of various orientations.Periodic studies of the environmental friendliness of the behavior of the city’s population in the future will make it possible to assess the effectiveness of the city authorities and become the basis for future management decisions.
- Published
- 2021
49. Exploring the influence of agricultural actors on water quality policy: the role of discourse and framing
- Author
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Bereket Isaac and Rob C. de Loë
- Subjects
Government ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Policy making ,05 social sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,16. Peace & justice ,01 natural sciences ,0506 political science ,Agriculture ,Political economy ,Framing (construction) ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,Environmental policy ,Water quality ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Policy processes traditionally dominated by government increasingly are open to participation by diverse non-governmental actors. This can result in more inclusive policy making, but undue influenc...
- Published
- 2021
50. Ethics, resource rent, environment and petroleum policy: the case of a small open economy
- Author
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Ola Honningdal Grytten and John Arngrim Hunnes
- Subjects
Index (economics) ,060106 history of social sciences ,Natural resource economics ,public policy ,Small open economy ,VDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Økonomi: 210 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,environmental policy ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,GE1-350 ,0601 history and archaeology ,Publication ,economic policy ,economic history ,Norway ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,industrial economics ,0506 political science ,Environmental sciences ,chemistry ,Petroleum ,Resource rent ,business - Abstract
This paper contributes to the understanding of how the environment, ethics, values, and historical contingencies shape public policy. It explains the accomplishment of petroleum resource management in the small open economy of Norway. The study is conducted by mapping policy decisions and the arguments behind them regarding environmental and ethical issues. This is done by studying available governmental and parliamentary papers along with statements from politicians and central governmental officials. The paper also seeks to illuminate some of the decisions by quantitative measures. The paper firstly describes a model of Ricardian resource rent. Secondly, it investigates the set of values that were in place before the petroleum production started in the 1970s, as described in public documents. An important argument was to build a “qualitatively better society” for the benefit of the people. Thirdly, it traces the historical roots of these values by examining historical sources.The main findings are that success lies in understanding the ethics behind the environmental resource rent harvesting of this non-renewable natural resource. The paper concludes that the focus on the natural environment and resource rent management can be attributed to popular values built on historical traditions. According to them, the state and the trust between the state and its citizens played key roles in shaping the policy. The careful policy can be illustrated by the fact that Norway has managed to build one of the largest sovereign funds in the world worth USD 1,200 billion for use by future generations. Only 3% of its value, significantly less than its historical net profit, should be used annually.
- Published
- 2021
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