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This article aims to identify the new tendencies in the German law and literature movement of the 21st century. For this purpose, the novel Spieltrieb by the German judge and author Juli Zeh serves as an example. It is going to be analysed about the question of the literary expression of criticism of the German legal system. The aim is to combine three aspects: homelessness as a consequence of age, a world that follows new mechanisms and the role of law in these circumstances. Finally, it will be addressed to what extent the law and literature movement of the 21st century programmatically stands for the disintegration of society and law. Thereby, classical philosophical ideas are used, which can be found in the novel.

BackgroundThe death of George Floyd while in police custody has resurfaced serious questions about police conduct that result in the deaths of unarmed persons.ObjectiveData-driven strategies that identify and prioritize the public’s needs may engender a public health response to improve policing. We assessed how internet searches indicative of interest in police reform changed after Mr Floyd’s death.MethodsWe monitored daily Google searches (per 10 million total searches) that included the terms “police” and “reform(s)” (eg, “reform the police,” “best police reforms,” etc) originating from the United States between January 1, 2010, through July 5, 2020. We also monitored searches containing the term “police” with “training,” “union(s),” “militarization,” or “immunity” as markers of interest in the corresponding reform topics.ResultsThe 41 days following Mr Floyd’s death corresponded with the greatest number of police “reform(s)” searches ever recorded, with 1,350,000 total searches nationally. Searches increased significantly in all 50 states and Washington DC. By reform topic, nationally there were 1,220,000 total searches for “police” and “union(s)”; 820,000 for “training”; 360,000 for “immunity”; and 72,000 for “militarization.” In terms of searches for all policy topics by state, 33 states searched the most for “training,” 16 for “union(s),” and 2 for “immunity.” States typically in the southeast had fewer queries related to any police reform topic than other states. States that had a greater percentage of votes for President Donald Trump during the 2016 election searched more often for police “union(s)” while states favoring Secretary Hillary Clinton searched more for police “training.”ConclusionsThe United States is at a historical juncture, with record interest in topics related to police reform with variability in search terms across states. Policy makers can respond to searches by considering the policies their constituencies are searching for online, notably police training and unions. Public health leaders can respond by engaging in the subject of policing and advocating for evidence-based policy reforms.

Objective To describe the process of approval and implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, between 2005 and 2009. Methods Review of the Santa Fe smoke-free legislation, articles published in local newspapers and documentation on two lawsuits filed against the law, and interviews with key individuals in Santa Fe. Results Efforts to implement smoke-free policies in Santa Fe began during the 1990s without success, and resumed in 2005 when the provincial Legislature approved the first 100% smoke-free subnational law in Argentina. There was no strong opposition during the discussions within the legislature. As in other parts of the world, pro-tobacco industry interests attempted to block the implementation of the law using well known strategies. These efforts included a controversy media campaign set up, the creation of a hospitality industry association and a virtual smokers' rights group, the introduction of a counterproposal seeking modification of the law, the challenge of the law in the Supreme Court, and the proposal of a weak national bill that would ‘conflict’ with the subnational law. Tobacco control advocates sought media attention as a strategy to protect the law. Conclusions Santa Fe is the first subnational jurisdiction in Latin America to have enacted a comprehensive smoke-free policy following the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. After 3 years of implementation, pro-tobacco industry forces failed to undermine the law. Other subnational jurisdictions in Argentina, as well as in Mexico and Brazil are following the Santa Fe example.

Cet article examine la présence de la diaspora africaine dans les expositions de longue durée sur l’histoire du Brésil, montées au Musée Historique National (MHN) entre les années 1980 et 2020. Conjuguant sources institutionnelles et bibliographiques, la recherche montre que, malgré de sérieux efforts, l’expérience afro-diasporique reste encore aujourd’hui passée sous silence et rendue invisible dans les expositions du MHN et dans leurs conceptions du passé. Les sursauts constatés sont en général associés à des dates commémoratives, comme le centenaire de l’abolition de l’esclavage, en 1988. Enfin, d’autres possibilités de lecture des objets afro-diasporiques exposés au musée sont ici proposées, partageant des expériences récentes et indiquant de nouvelles voies d’écriture de l’histoire dans les projets expographiques actuellement menés au sein de l’institution. Este artigo examina a presença da diáspora africana nas exposições de longa duração sobre a história do Brasil realizadas no Museu Histórico Nacional (MHN), entre as décadas de 1980 e 2020. Articulando fontes institucionais e bibliográficas, a pesquisa identificou que, apesar de todos os esforços para ampliar a abordagem da experiência afrodiaspóricas por meio de datas comemorativas, como o centenário da abolição da escravidão, em 1988, o tema ainda é silenciado e invisibilizado nas exposições do MHN. Por fim, o artigo propõe outras possibilidades de leitura da diáspora africana em exposições do museu, compartilhando experiências recentes e indicando novos caminhos para a escrita da história em projetos expográficos desenvolvidos pela instituição. This paper examines the African diaspora within the long-term exhibits on Brazilian history at the National Historical Museum (MHN) between the 1980s and 2020s. Articulating institutional sources and scientific literature, this study identified that, despite efforts to broaden the approach to the Afro-diasporic experience by means of commemorative dates, such as the centennial of abolition, in 1988, the topic is silenced and made invisible in the MHN’s exhibitions. Finally, the paper proposes other possibilities of reading the African diaspora on display, sharing recent experiences and pointing out new paths for the writing of history in exhibition projects developed by the institution.

Purpose – This study aims to determine differences in 21st-century abilities, including critical thinking, creative thinking, communication skills, and collaboration skills, in 4 schools in the Yogyakarta region. This research is a comparative survey with a research sample of 60 students. Design/methods/approach – The data collecting techniques used in interviews with questionnaires consist of 4 21st century abilities: critical thinking skills, creative thinking, communication skills, and collaboration skills. Findings – The survey results showed differences in 21st-century abilities between schools AR with RA, AR with TY, RA with TY, RA with RB, and TY with RB. The t-test, where the sig prove this.t value 0.05 in a row on critical thinking skills, creative thinking, communication skills, and collaboration skills 0.781; 0.702; 0.540; 0.624. The difference in ability is influenced by the learning method used. Research implications/limitations – All study respondents were from four schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which might limit the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications – This research guides stakeholders of an early childhood education institution to take strategic policies in the 21st century. Originality/value – This study contributes to the survey of differences in the abilities of early childhood in the 21st century in terms of different early childhood education institutions. Paper type Research paper

Treballs Finals del Grau d'Estudis Anglesos, Facultat de Filologia, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2021-2022. Tutora: Isabel Alonso-Breto, [eng] Starting from the hypothesis that caste is a severe hindrance in the life of the socially disadvantaged in India, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate what the caste system is in order to be able to comprehend the true social implications it has for those who are affected by it. The study begins with a discussion of Dr B. R. Ambedkar's thesis on caste so as to understand its mechanics, and then the paper delves into Indian history to see how certain events have shaped the caste system and have affected the Indian population. Because the voices of India's lower castes have traditionally been silenced and pushed to the margins, we examine two autobiographies written by Dalit women, who are the system's most subaltern voices. With this, the paper gives emphasis to the importance of the literary rising of Dalit autobiographies, as made manifest in the work of Indian scholar Sharmila Rege, particularly in her study Writing Caste/Writing Gender: Narrating Dalit Women Testimonios. Thus, overall, the paper provides a chronological perspective on the caste system, whose events and consequences are depicted in two Dalit autobiographies: Baby Kamble's The Prisons We Broke (2009) and Urmila Pawar's The Weave of My Life (2008). The paper concludes that while there has been progress in recent years due to the implementation of education and the efforts of many people, caste continuesto hold strong in a substantial part of Indian society, which is why it is critical to understand its dynamics so that we can contribute to its elimination., [spa] Partiendo de la base que las castas son un impedimento importante en la vida de los más desaventajados en la India, este trabajo pretende ilustrar lo que realmente es el sistema de castas para poder entender las implicaciones sociales de los afectados. El estudio empieza con una discusión sobre la tesis de Dr. B. R. Ambedkar sobre las castas para entender su mecanismo, y después pasamos a la historia de la India para observar como ciertos eventos han moldeado el sistema de castas y han afectado a su población. Debido a que las voces de las castas bajas han sido tradicionalmente silenciadas y llevadas a la marginalidad, examinamos dos autobiografías escritas por mujeres Dalit, cuyas voces son las más desfavorecidas del sistema. Con esto, el trabajo da énfasis a la importancia de la resurgencia literaria Dalit, como ha sido manifiesto en el trabajo de la académica Sharmila Rege, particularmente en su estudio Writing Caste/Writing Gender: Narrating Dalit Women Testimonios. De esta manera, el trabajo ofrece una perspectiva cronológica del sistema de castas, cuyos eventos y consecuencias están representados en las dos autobiografías Dalit: The Prisons We Broke de Baby Kamble (2009) y The Weave of My Life de Urmila Pawar (2008). El trabajo concluye que, a pesar de que ha habido progreso en los últimos años debido a las implementaciones educativas y los esfuerzos de mucha gente, la casta continúa manteniendo su poder sobre una gran parte de la sociedad india; por ese motivo es importante entender el funcionamiento de las castas y poder contribuir a su eliminación.

In this paper, I reviewed the emerging field of endoscopic surgery and present data supporting the contention that endoscopy can now be used to treat many foregut diseases that have been traditionally treated surgically. Within each topic, the content will progress as follows: "lessons learned", "technical considerations" and "future opportunities". Lessons learned will provide a brief background and update on the most current literature. Technical considerations will include my personal experience, including tips and tricks that I have learned over the years. Finally, future opportunities will address current unmet needs and potential new areas of development. The foregut is defined as "the upper part of the embryonic alimentary canal from which the pharynx, esophagus, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, and part of the duodenum develop". Foregut surgery is well established in treating conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), achalasia, esophageal diverticula, Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, gastric-outlet obstruction, and obesity. Over the past decade, remarkable progress in interventional endoscopy has culminated in the conceptualization and practice of endoscopic foregut surgery for various clinical conditions summarized in this paper. Regarding GERD, there are now several technologies available to effectively treat it and potentially eliminate symptoms, and the need for long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors. For the first time, fundoplication can be performed without the need for open or laparoscopic surgery. Long-term data going out 5-10 years are now emerging showing extended durability. In respect to achalasia, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) which was developed in Japan, has become an alternative to the traditional Heller's myotomy. Recent meta-analysis show that POEM may have better results than Heller, but the issue of post-POEM GERD still needs to be addressed. There is now a resurgence of endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticula with improved technique (Z-POEM) and equipment; thus, patients are choosing flexible endoscopic treatment as opposed to open or rigid endoscopy options. In regard to BE, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) which is well established in Asia, is now becoming more mainstream in the West for the treatment of BE with high grade dysplasia, as well as early esophageal cancer. In combination with all the ablation technologies (radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, hybrid argon plasma coagulation), the entire spectrum of Barrett's and related dysplasia and early cancer can be managed predominantly by endoscopy. Importantly, in regard to early gastric cancer and submucosal tumors (SMTs) of the stomach, ESD and full thickness resection (FTR) can excise these lesions en-bloc and endoscopic suturing is now used to close large defects and perforations. For treatment of patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), endoscopic gastro-jejunostomy is now showing better results than enteral stenting. G-POEM is also emerging as a treatment option for patients with gastroparesis. Obesity has become an epidemic in many western countries and is becoming also prevalent in Asia. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is now becoming an established treatment option, especially for obese patients with body mass index between 30 and 35. Data show an average weight loss of 16 kg after ESG with long-term data confirming sustainability. Finally, in respect to endo-hepatology, there are many new endoscopic interventions that have been developed for patients with liver disease. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided liver biopsy and EUS-guided portal pressure measurement are exciting new frontiers for the endo-hepatologists.

Clinical relevance: The scientific foundations for clinical contact lens practice are rooted in the ophthalmic literature. This analysis of contact lens papers celebrates contemporary research achievements in the contact lens field.Background: This work aims to assemble contact lens-related publication metrics so as to identify the most impactful papers published so far this century, as well the top countries, authors, institutions and journals.Methods: A search was undertaken of the titles of papers on the Scopus database to identify contact lens-related articles published this century. The ten most highly cited papers were determined from the total list of 4,164 papers found. Rank-order lists by count were assembled for the ‘top 25ʹ in each of four categories: authors, institutions, countries and journals. A 20-year subject-specific contact lens h-index (hCL-20-index) was derived for each author, institution, country and journal to serve as a measure of impact in the field. The top 10 constituents (of the top 25) of each category were ranked by hCL-20-index and tabulated for consideration.Results: The most highly cited paper this century is entitled ‘Soft contact lens polymers: An evolution’, by Nicholson and Vogt. Lyndon Jones is the most impactful author, with a hCL-20-index of 32. The University of New South Wales (Australia) produces the most impactful contact lens-related papers, and the United States is the most highly-ranked country. Optometry and Vision Science is the most impactful journal in the contact lens field.Conclusions: Contact lens materials and lens-associated keratitis are topics of high interest in the contemporary contact lens literature, with an emerging interest in orthokeratology for myopia control and glucose monitoring. Impactful 21st century authors, institutions, countries and journals are identified. Optometry is revealed as the leading profession in relation to the publication of impactful contact lens-related papers.

Treballs Finals del Grau d'Estudis Anglesos, Facultat de Filologia, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2022-2023. Tutora: Gemma López Sánchez, [eng] Women's mental health has been redefined in several ways throughout history. Within the frame of fiction, female characters constantly undergo stigmatized categorizations that present their madness as a product of pathological conditions. Michel Foucault’s Mental Illness and Psychology (1962) illustrates the concept of madness as a social and cultural construction and explains that its conceptions may change according to the values of each historical period. The present paper aims to approach women’s madness and its evolution in history by analyzing two female characters using Foucault’s theory as the principal focus. The selected novels are Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847) and Sally Rooney’s Normal People (2018). In addition, the female characters in these works of fiction will be re-examined and re-located in order to deconstruct the archetype of the Mad Woman and its evolution., [spa] La salud mental de las mujeres se ha redefinido de varias formas a lo largo de la historia. En el ámbito de la ficción, los personajes femeninos sufren constantemente categorizaciones estigmatizadas que presentan su locura como producto de condiciones patológicas. En su libro Mental Illness and Psychology (1962) Michel Foucault presenta el concepto de locura como una construcción social y cultural, y explica que sus concepciones pueden cambiar dependiendo de los valores de cada período histórico. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar la locura de la mujer y su evolución en la historia a partir del análisis de dos personajes femeninos utilizando como eje principal la teoría de Foucault. Las novelas seleccionadas son Jane Eyre (1847) de Charlotte Brontë y Normal People (2018) de Sally Rooney. Además, los personajes femeninos de estas obras serán reexaminados y reubicados para deconstruir el arquetipo de la locura femenina y su evolución.

Dans cet article, nous analysons les potentialités et les faiblesses des recensements démographiques de 2010 et 2022 pour les études sur le travail domestique rémunéré au Brésil. À cette fin, nous présentons les caractéristiques des principales sources de données statistiques brésiliennes et discutons des différences, avantages et inconvénients des deux recensements en vue d’études sur le sujet. Enfin, nous examinons quelques statistiques sur le travail domestique rémunéré à partir des résultats du recensement de 2010. Este artigo busca analisar as potencialidades e fragilidades dos censos demográficos de 2010 e 2022 para estudos sobre o trabalho doméstico remunerado no Brasil. Para tanto, são apresentadas as características das principais fontes de dados estatísticos brasileiras e discutidas as diferenças, vantagens e desvantagens dos quesitos de ambos os censos para o estudo sobre a temática. Por fim, são analisadas algumas estatísticas sobre o trabalho doméstico remunerado, a partir do censo de 2010. In this paper, we analyze the potentialities and weaknesses of the 2010 and 2022 population censuses for studies on paid domestic work in Brazil. To this end, we present the characteristics of the main Brazilian statistical data sources and discuss the differences, advantages and disadvantages of the two censuses for studies on the subject. Finally, we examine some statistics on paid domestic work based on the results of the 2010 census.

Aquest article busca aprofundir en com la ciència-ficció escrita per dones en el segle XXI aborda problemes específics dels subjectes femenins, com ara els vincles entre heteropatriarcat i capitalisme, l'explotació sexual de les dones o la cosificació i deshumanització a la qual es veuen sotmeses en una societat neoliberal. Per a això, analitza el relat «Casas Rojas» (2014), de l'autora gallega Nieves Delgado. Concretament, es centra en com la sororitat és una eina fonamental per a lluitar contra l’heteropatriarcat i com el text de Delgado dialoga amb postulats teòrics d'Andrea Dworkin, Teresa López-Pellisa, Isabel Clúa, Antonio Negri o Pilar Pedraza, entre d’altres., This paper delves into how current science fiction written by Spanish women in the 21st century addresses specific issues regarding female subjects, such as the bonds between patriarchy and capitalism, sexual exploitation of women and the objectification and dehumanization women are exposed to in a neoliberal society. To accomplish my goal, the paper analyses the short story «Casas Rojas» (2014) by Galician author Nieves Delgado. In particular, it focuses on how sorority is a fundamental tool to fight against patriarchy and how Delgado’s text can be read through theoretical postulates by Andrea Dworkin, Teresa López-Pellisa, Isabel Clúa, Antonio Negri and Pilar Pedraza, among others., Este artículo busca profundizar en cómo la ciencia ficción escrita por mujeres en el siglo XXI aborda problemas específicos de los sujetos femeninos, como los vínculos entre heteropatriarcado y capitalismo, la explotación sexual de las mujeres o la cosificación y deshumanización a la que se ven sometidas en una sociedad neoliberal. Para ello, analiza el relato «Casas Rojas» (2014) de la autora gallega Nieves Delgado. Concretamente, se centra en cómo la sororidad es una herramienta fundamental para luchar contra el heteropatriarcado y cómo el texto de Delgado dialoga con postulados teóricos de Andrea Dworkin, Teresa López-Pellisa, Isabel Clúa, Antonio Negri o Pilar Pedraza, entre otros.

Aquest article busca aprofundir en com la ciència-ficció escrita per dones en el segle XXI aborda problemes específics dels subjectes femenins, com ara els vincles entre heteropatriarcat i capitalisme, l'explotació sexual de les dones o la cosificació i deshumanització a la qual es veuen sotmeses en una societat neoliberal. Per a això, analitza el relat «Casas Rojas» (2014), de l'autora gallega Nieves Delgado. Concretament, es centra en com la sororitat és una eina fonamental per a lluitar contra l’heteropatriarcat i com el text de Delgado dialoga amb postulats teòrics d'Andrea Dworkin, Teresa López-Pellisa, Isabel Clúa, Antonio Negri o Pilar Pedraza, entre d’altres. This paper delves into how current science fiction written by Spanish women in the 21st century addresses specific issues regarding female subjects, such as the bonds between patriarchy and capitalism, sexual exploitation of women and the objectification and dehumanization women are exposed to in a neoliberal society. To accomplish my goal, the paper analyses the short story «Casas Rojas» (2014) by Galician author Nieves Delgado. In particular, it focuses on how sorority is a fundamental tool to fight against patriarchy and how Delgado’s text can be read through theoretical postulates by Andrea Dworkin, Teresa López-Pellisa, Isabel Clúa, Antonio Negri and Pilar Pedraza, among others. Este artículo busca profundizar en cómo la ciencia ficción escrita por mujeres en el siglo XXI aborda problemas específicos de los sujetos femeninos, como los vínculos entre heteropatriarcado y capitalismo, la explotación sexual de las mujeres o la cosificación y deshumanización a la que se ven sometidas en una sociedad neoliberal. Para ello, analiza el relato «Casas Rojas» (2014) de la autora gallega Nieves Delgado. Concretamente, se centra en cómo la sororidad es una herramienta fundamental para luchar contra el heteropatriarcado y cómo el texto de Delgado dialoga con postulados teóricos de Andrea Dworkin, Teresa López-Pellisa, Isabel Clúa, Antonio Negri o Pilar Pedraza, entre otros.

El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar cómo puede afectar a la libertad y voluntad propia de los ciudadanos de un estado democrático la información manipulada. En años recientes, la guerra de información se ha convertido en una de las armas más importantes en todo el mundo, especialmente para los países comunistas. Se usan estos ataques de información para debilitar la sociedad de un país y luego influir en las acciones y decisiones de los ciudadanos. En este reportaje, Guerra del siglo XXI: La información manipulada por China, se explicará qué es una guerra de información con datos recogidos desde el Reportaje Mueller hasta los ataques de los chinos. Tras entender qué es una guerra de información, el reportaje se centra en las acciones que toma La República Popular de China respecto a Taiwán. Esta parte del reportaje contiene un análisis de las organizaciones, medidas y mensajes que usa China para cambiar la opinión pública y luego influir en las acciones de los ciudadanos de Taiwán. Todas las informaciones recogidas provienen de artículos publicados, opiniones de expertos y encuestas. La información recogida en los artículos publicados formó la idea principal del reportaje y los testimonios de los expertos ayudan a entender mejor los asuntos, aportando ideas de cómo prevenir la influencia de los ataques de información. Los datos también son una parte importante del reportaje para saber el grado de influencia en la sociedad., This Project is made to explain the danger of that can be cause by manipulated information to the freedom and free will of citizens living in a democratic country. In recent years, informational warfare has converted into one of the main warfare weapons worldwide and specially in communist countries. These informational attacks are used to debilitate the society of a country to later influence the actions and decisions of the people. This report, 21st Century Warfare: Manipulated information from China, will explain what an informational warfare with information is gathered all around the globe from the Mueller Report to Chinese attacks. After understanding the basic principles of an Informational Warfare, the report will center its attention to what People’s Republic of China is currently doing to Taiwan. This part of the report contains a full analysis of organizations, measures, and messages used by China to change public opinions and later influence their actions. All the information in this specific report are gathered from published papers, experts’ opinions, and survey. The information from the published papers are used to form the main subject of the report which is informational warfare and the expert opinions later confirms the accusations and gives ideas of combating such attacks. Data are also collected from survey to understand the grade of influence this information make in the society of Taiwan., Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad, Grado en Periodismo

El presente trabajo comienza por una revisión de algunas de las conceptualizaciones desarrolladas por diferentes teóricos latinoamericanos para dar cuenta de las singularidades de la región. En estos intentos críticos, los vínculos, los cruces y las fronteras culturales resultan vectores privilegiados para el análisis. Más que definir una esencia latinoamericana, se problematizan las formas y las tensiones que atraviesan lo regional. Para dar cuenta de ese campo de heterogeneidades inscripto en un contexto de globalización, el presente trabajo estudia las representaciones de las fronteras, de los sujetos políticos y de los sentimientos de pertenencia en tres novelas de Yuri Herrera y en dos novelas de Federico Jeanmaire. This article begins with an analysis of the conceptualisations developed by different Latin American theorists to explain the singularities of the region. In this framework, links, crossings and cultural frontiers are privileged vectors for analysis. Rather than defining a Latin American essence, the forms and tensions that cross the regional are problematised. In order to account for this field of heterogeneities inscribed in a context of globalisation, this paper studies the representations of borders, political subjects and feelings of belonging in three novels by Yuri Herrera and two novels by Federico Jeanmaire. Cet article commence par un examen des conceptualisations développées par différents théoriciens latino-américains pour rendre compte des singularités de la région. Dans ces tentatives critiques, les liens, les entrecroisements et les frontières culturelles sont des vecteurs d’analyse privilégiés. Plutôt que de donner une définition de l’essence latinoaméricaine, on problématise les formes et les tensions qui traversent la région. Afin de rendre compte de ce champ d’hétérogénéités inscrit dans un contexte de globalisation, cet article étudie les représentations des frontières, des sujets politiques et des sentiments d’appartenance dans trois romans de Yuri Herrera et deux romans de Federico Jeanmaire.

El concepto de «zona», acuñado por el escritor argentino Juan José Saer en su primera publicación de 1960, define un lugar de enunciación y también un registro formal en tensión con las escrituras del contemporáneo boom –en particular con la de Julio Cortázar con quien coincidió en París por un lapso de dieciséis años–. Este trabajo se centra en la obra de Saer y en poéticas emparentadas que, como la de Selva Almada, Carlos Busqued, Hernán Ronsino o Francisco Bitar, fueron ganando cuerpo en los últimos años. Se examinan estas escrituras a la luz de algunos planteos de Saer relativos a la «zona» para contrastarlas críticamente con proyectos narrativos y postulados teóricos que han dominado los debates sobre la literatura latinoamericana del siglo XXI en el Norte global. Le concept de « zone » forgé par l’écrivain argentin Juan José Saer dans sa première publication de 1960, définit un lieu d’énonciation et également un registre formel en tension avec les écritures du boom contemporain, en particulier avec celle de Julio Cortázar qu’il a côtoyé à Paris pendant seize ans. Ce travail est centré sur l’œuvre de Saer et sur des poétiques qui s’en approchent comme celle de Selva Almada, Carlos Busqued, Hernán Ronsino o Francisco Bitar qui ont pris de l’importance ces dernières années. Ces écritures seront examinées à la lumière de propositions de Saer relatives à la « zone » pour les confronter sur le plan critique avec d’autres projets narratifs et postulats théoriques qui ont dominé les débats sur la littérature latino-américaine du XXIe siècle dans le Nord globalisé. The concept of «zone», coined by the Argentine writer Juan José Saer in his first publication from 1960, defines a place of enunciation as well as a formal register in tension with the writings of the contemporary Boom—in particular with that of Julio Cortázar, with whom he coincided in Paris for a period of sixteen years. This paper focuses on Saer’s work and on related poetics, such as those of Selva Almada, Carlos Busqued, Hernán Ronsino, and Francisco Bitar, which have been gaining ground in recent years. These writings are examined in the light of some of Saer’s statements on the «zone» in order to critically contrast them with narrative projects and theoretical postulates that have dominated the debates on the 21st-century Latin American literature in the global North.

¿Cómo representar las fronteras entre los países centroamericanos? ¿Cómo pensar la literatura sin el amparo de las nacionalidades? ¿Es posible hacerlo? Los lábiles límites territoriales y los cada vez más frecuentes desplazamientos entre países obligan a repensar algunas categorías dentro de las cuales la literatura se ha movido desde la aparición de estudios fundadores. Horacio Castellanos Moya es un ejemplo notable para estas cuestiones territoriales, teniendo en cuenta sus desplazamientos y su ubicación en el mundo globalizado. Identificándose como honduro-salvadoreño, se sitúa en un borde movedizo, entre dos países, entre dos culturas que comparten una tradición de violencia, de crisis política y económica, de inmigraciones forzadas. A partir de Recuento de incertidumbres. Cultura y transición en El Salvador y de La metamorfosis del sabueso. Ensayos personales y otros textos, se abordarán aspectos asociados con la cuestión de la identidad en el marco del ensayo latinoamericano del siglo XXI. Comment peut-on représenter les frontières entre les pays d’Amérique Centrale ? Comment peut-on penser la littérature en dehors du cadre protecteur des nationalités ? Est-il possible de le faire ? Les frontières labiles et les déplacements de plus en plus fréquents entre pays obligent à repenser certaines catégories au sein desquelles la littérature s’est développée depuis l’émergence des études fondatrices. Le cas d’Horacio Castellanos Moya est particulièrement intéressant pour aborder ces sujets, du fait de ses déplacements et de sa position dans le monde globalisé. En se présentant comme Hondurien-Salvadorien, il se place sur une limite mouvante, entre deux pays, deux cultures qui partagent une tradition de violence, de crise politique et économique, d’immigrations forcées. En prenant appui sur l’étude de Recuento de incertidumbres. Cultura y transición en El Salvador et de La metamorfosis del sabueso. Ensayos personales y otros textos on abordera des aspects relatifs à la question de l’identité dans le cadre de l’essai latinoaméricain du XXIe siècle. How to represent the borders between Central American? How to conceive of literature outside the framework of nationalities? Is it possible to do it? Unstable territorial boundaries and the increasingly frequent flow of people between countries make us rethink some of the categories into which literature has fallen since the appearance of founding studies. Horacio Castellanos Moya is, perhaps, a notable example for these questions. Identifying himself as a Honduran-Salvadorean, he positions himself at a shifting edge, between two countries, between two cultures that share a tradition of violence, of economic and political crisis, of forced immigration. On the basis of Recuento de incertidumbres. Cultura y transición en El Salvador and of La metamorfosis del sabueso. Ensayos personales y otros textos, this paper deals with aspects associated with the question of identity within the framework of the 21st-century Latin American essay.

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the 21st-century approach in teaching Philippine literary to the students of Lagundi-CCL National High School. The study utilized the descriptive-developmental and experimental research design utilizing assessment test and adopted questionnaire-checklist involving the development of lesson exemplars utilizing 21st century approaches in teaching literature. These approaches are the 2C-2I-1R or the Constructive, Collaborative, Integrative, Inquiry-Based and Reflective. The respondents were exposed to the developed learning material for two weeks through online classes which were handled by three different English teachers from the public secondary schools in Morong Sub-office. They were then given assessment test to measure their understanding after completing the discussions. The data were then collected, tallied and tabulated. The paper concluded that the developed learning and teaching materials can be used in teaching Philippine literature in Grade 7. Furthermore, it will help teachers to harness the country’s literary resources, and to enhance their classroom teaching through a variety of interactive and integrative methods in that is suited in 21st-century teaching.

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the 21st-century approach in teaching Philippine literary to the students of Lagundi-CCL National High School. The study utilized the descriptive-developmental and experimental research design utilizing assessment test and adopted questionnaire-checklist involving the development of lesson exemplars utilizing 21st century approaches in teaching literature. These approaches are the 2C-2I-1R or the Constructive, Collaborative, Integrative, Inquiry-Based and Reflective. The respondents were exposed to the developed learning material for two weeks through online classes which were handled by three different English teachers from the public secondary schools in Morong Sub-office. They were then given assessment test to measure their understanding after completing the discussions. The data were then collected, tallied and tabulated. The paper concluded that the developed learning and teaching materials can be used in teaching Philippine literature in Grade 7. Furthermore, it will help teachers to harness the country’s literary resources, and to enhance their classroom teaching through a variety of interactive and integrative methods in that is suited in 21st-century teaching.

U ovom radu istražuje prisutnog novog hladnog rata između Zapada i Ruske Federeacije. Nakon teorijskog okvira, gdje se objašnjava realizam, kao teorija međunarodnih odnos. Nakon toga se objašnjava sam konept hladnoga rata i analiziraju se bitni događaji za vrijeme hladnog rata od 1945. do 1991.godine. Nakon toga dolazi do kratke analize Rusije i Zapada za vrijeme 90ih, ali i za virjeme novog milenijuma. Tada dolazimo do glavnog dijela rada, analize događaja, za koje se može reći da su dio novog hladnog rata. Analizira se rat u Gruziji, Ukrajinska kriza, aneksija Krima, situacija oko mosta Kerč, kao i dolazak Donalda Trumpa. U zaključku se rezimira cijeli rad i potvrđuje se glavna teza da je na temelju počitčki napetosti između Zapada i Rusije prisutan novi hladni rat. In this paper, the main task is to analogically prove the presence of the New Cold War between the West and the Russian Federation. First, there is the theoretical framework, where realism is explained, as a theory of international relations. After it, After that, the concept of the Cold War itself is explained and important events during the Cold War from 1945 to 1991 are analyzed. There is a short analysis of Russia and the West during the 90s, but also during the time of the new millennium. Then we come to the main part of this paper, the analysis of events, which can be said to be part of the new Cold War. The war in Georgia, the Ukrainian crisis, the annexation of Crimea, the situation around the Kerch Bridge, as well as the arrival of Donald Trump are analyzed. The conclusion summarizes the whole work and confirms the main thesis that based on the beginnings of tension between the West and Russia, a new Cold War is present.

U ovom radu istražuje prisutnog novog hladnog rata između Zapada i Ruske Federeacije. Nakon teorijskog okvira, gdje se objašnjava realizam, kao teorija međunarodnih odnos. Nakon toga se objašnjava sam konept hladnoga rata i analiziraju se bitni događaji za vrijeme hladnog rata od 1945. do 1991.godine. Nakon toga dolazi do kratke analize Rusije i Zapada za vrijeme 90ih, ali i za virjeme novog milenijuma. Tada dolazimo do glavnog dijela rada, analize događaja, za koje se može reći da su dio novog hladnog rata. Analizira se rat u Gruziji, Ukrajinska kriza, aneksija Krima, situacija oko mosta Kerč, kao i dolazak Donalda Trumpa. U zaključku se rezimira cijeli rad i potvrđuje se glavna teza da je na temelju počitčki napetosti između Zapada i Rusije prisutan novi hladni rat., In this paper, the main task is to analogically prove the presence of the New Cold War between the West and the Russian Federation. First, there is the theoretical framework, where realism is explained, as a theory of international relations. After it, After that, the concept of the Cold War itself is explained and important events during the Cold War from 1945 to 1991 are analyzed. There is a short analysis of Russia and the West during the 90s, but also during the time of the new millennium. Then we come to the main part of this paper, the analysis of events, which can be said to be part of the new Cold War. The war in Georgia, the Ukrainian crisis, the annexation of Crimea, the situation around the Kerch Bridge, as well as the arrival of Donald Trump are analyzed. The conclusion summarizes the whole work and confirms the main thesis that based on the beginnings of tension between the West and Russia, a new Cold War is present.

Este artículo analiza la figura del hacker en la novela El delirio de Turing, en su capacidad para responder a los problemas derivados de la globalización y al neoliberalismo. El objetivo es demostrar que, si la representación del hacker cuestiona la política latinoamericana, es desde una óptica romántica que exagera sus capacidades y lo convierte en una suerte de «tecnodivinidad». En consecuencia, se busca responder a dos cuestiones: la primera, por qué y cómo un texto literario puede responder a un determinado panorama político; la segunda, qué papel desempeña exactamente el hacker como figura articuladora de dicha respuesta. El artículo se divide en cuatro partes: introducción, dos apartados, y conclusiones. En la introducción, se justifica la pertinencia del objeto de estudio y se señala la hipótesis de partida: la contestación a las políticas neoliberales en Latinoamérica se realiza a través de la sublimación de las capacidades del hacker. El primer apartado examina la capacidad de un texto para constituirse en crítica ética y, más concretamente, repasa brevemente los textos utópicos como respuestas literarias, mientras que el segundo ahonda en la figura del hacker en la novela de Paz Soldán, y la relaciona con postulados teóricos de autores como Domingo Hernández, Teresa López-Pellisa, Tom Moylan, Andrew Brown o Antonio Negri entre otros. Las conclusiones sintetizan los logros alcanzados, y apuntan también hacia cuestiones como el hecho de que la divinización del hacker posibilita que se actualice la herramienta narrativa del deus ex machina. This paper analyses figure of the hacker in El delirio de Turing and its capability to respond to the problems linked to globalisation and neoliberalism. The purpose is to prove that, if the representation of the hacker questions Latin-American politics, it does from a romantic perspective that hypertrophies its abilities and turns it into some sort of “technodivinity”. Therefore, this paper aims to answer two questions: firstly, why and how a literary text can respond to a political outlook; secondly, which role does exactly the hacker play as an articulating figure of such response. The paper is divided into four parts: an introduction, two main sections, and a conclusion. The introduction justifies the appropriateness of the object of study and points out the main thesis: the opposition to the neoliberal politics in Latin-America is conducted through the sublimation of the hacker’s abilities. The first section addresses the possibility for a literary text to become an ethical critique and, more specifically, goes over utopian texts as literary responses. The second section deepens in the figure of the hacker in Paz Soldan’s novel and connects it with the theoretical postulates of Domingo Hernandez, Teresa López-Pellisa, Tom Moylan, Andrew Brown or Antonio Negri. The conclusion synthesises the mainac complishments, and points to issues such as the fact that the divinization of the hacker allows for updating the narrative tool of deus ex machina.

In the framework of a broader investigation into the imaginaries of the afterworld in present-day Argentine literature, this paper aims at addressing the ways in which Carlos Ríos’s Cuaderno de Pripyat (2012) narrates the afterworld of an identifiable historical event, the Chernobyl disaster, creating further tension between the crisis itself and the possibility of a post-apocalyptic setting that brings a radical and immeasurable interruption into play. First, we analyze the ways in which this multiplication of temporalities affects the presentation of the testimonies collected in the story. Next, the paper focuses on the collage as a possible explicative key to the fragmentary composition of the story based on the tension between the rationality of that which remains and that of referential oversaturation.

Cet article analyse la muséalisation de la Vila Autódromo, communauté populaire des quartiers Ouest de Rio de Janeiro, bouleversée par la politique d’expulsion menée entre 2014 et 2016, et où a été fondé le musée des Expulsions. Il s’appuie sur la collection de photographies de Luiz Claudio da Silva, habitant de la Vila et organisateur de nombreuses expositions autour de la mémoire communautaire des expulsions. Le texte est une investigation muséologique sur des images produites dans le domaine privé pour contester les régimes de visibilité des institutions publiques au Brésil. Il examine le contexte de leur production, leurs utilisations et leurs flux dans la muséalisation. Neste artigo é analisada a musealização da Vila Autódromo, comunidade da zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro, alterada pelo processo de remoções entre 2014 e 2016, onde foi criado o Museu das Remoções. A pesquisa toma como base a coleção fotográfica de Luiz Claudio da Silva, morador da Vila e curador de sucessivas exposições sobre a memória comunitária das remoções. O texto se pauta na investigação museológica das imagens produzidas na esfera privada para desafiar os regimes de visibilidade das instituições públicas no Brasil, observando o contexto de sua produção, seus usos e fluxos na musealização. This paper discusses the musealization of Vila Autódromo, a community in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, altered between 2014 and 2016 by the process of displacements, where the Museu das Remoções was created. Based on the photographic collection produced and curated by Luiz Claudio da Silva, a resident of Vila Autódromo and curator of successive exhibitions on the community’s memory of the displacements, the text outlines a museological investigation of images produced in the private sphere to challenge the regimes of visibility of public institutions in Brazil, focusing on the context of production and the uses and flows of musealization.

Cet article revient à l’idée benjaminienne du montage comme méthode historiographique et propose des stratégies pour la reprise au cinéma d’un groupe d’images récemment retrouvées, concernant l’amnistie brésilienne. Principe organisateur de la masse documentaire d’une époque, le montage cite le passé et rend visible l’histoire. Deux approches esthétiques de ce procédé sont évaluées dans ce documentaire : l’association du matériel d’archive à une parole actuelle et la valorisation du témoignage du document même. Esse artigo retorna à ideia benjaminiana da montagem como método historiográfico e propõe estratégias para a retomada, no cinema, de imagens recentemente encontradas, referentes à anistia brasileira. Princípio organizador da massa documental de uma época, a montagem cita o passado e torna visível a história. Avaliamos duas abordagens estéticas desse procedimento no documentário: a associação do material de arquivo a uma fala atual e a valorização do testemunho do próprio documento. This paper returns to the Benjaminian idea of montage as a historiographical method and proposes strategies for resuming, cinematically, recently found images of Brazilian amnesty. The montage, as an organizing principle of the documents of an era, quotes the past and makes history visible. We evaluate two aesthetic approaches to this procedure in the documentary: the association of archival material with a contemporary speech and the value of the document's testimony itself.

Résumé : Cet article s’attache à mettre en évidence les liens de nature qui unissent la ville et le désert, deux espaces géographiques et symboliques apparemment antithétiques au plus haut point, dans l’œuvre romanesque de Roberto Bolaño. Dans un contexte géopolitique et migratoire mondialisé, la ville frontalière de Santa Teresa – double littéraire de Ciudad Juárez – cristallise les passages du sud du continent américain vers les États-Unis : ce sas migratoire constitue, en l’occurrence, le décor semble-t-il consubstantiel de milliers de féminicides. Si la ville se présente traditionnellement comme l’incarnation géographique et comme la réalisation spatiale d’une forme d’achèvement politique et civilisationnel, l’œuvre de Bolaño confronte son lecteur à la débâcle des prétentions civiles de la cité. Pour tenter d’expliquer le paradoxe d’une urbanité barbare, cet article se propose d’élucider la manière dont Santa Teresa apparaît poétiquement construite comme l’incubateur topologique du mal absolu dans les romans de l’écrivain chilien. Resumen: En este artículo se busca evidenciar los vínculos intrínsecos que unen ciudad y desierto en la obra de Roberto Bolaño, a pesar del carácter por lo visto altamente antitético de ambas entidades geográficas y simbólicas. En un contexto geopolítico y migratorio globalizado, la ciudad fronteriza de Santa Teresa –trasunto literario de Ciudad Juárez– cristaliza los flujos que llegan desde el sur del continente americano hacia los Estados Unidos: esta esclusa migratoria constituye, más concretamente, el escenario aparentemente consubstancial de miles de feminicidios. Si la ciudad se presenta tradicionalmente como la encarnación geográfica y como la realización espacial de cierta forma de logro político y civilizacional, la obra de Bolaño sin embargo enfrenta su lector a la desbandada de las pretensiones civiles de la ciudad. Para intentar explicar dicha paradoja de una bárbara urbanidad, este artículo se propone desentrañar la manera en que Santa Teresa se ve poéticamente elaborada como incubador topológico del mal absoluto. Abstract: This paper wishes to bring out the intrinsic links that seem to relate the city and the desert in Roberto Bolaño’s novels, despite the apparent antithesis of these two geographic and symbolic entities. In globalized geopolitical and migratory contexts, the border city of Santa Teresa—a fictional lookalike of Ciudad Juárez—gathers the traffic flows which connect the south of the American continent to the United States: this migratory airlock constitutes the apparently consubstantial scenery of thousands of feminicides. While, on the one hand, the city usually appears as the geographical embodiment and as the spatial realization of a certain form of political and civilizational achievement, on the other hand, Bolaño’s opus nonetheless leaves its readers facing the defeat of the city’s civilizational ambitions. This article attempts to clarify how Santa Teresa is here literarily built as a topological incubator of absolute evil, and aims at showing how this case exemplifies the paradox of a barbaric urbanity.

Resumen: Este artículo explora los vínculos entre la imaginación y la resistencia negra en el norte del Cauca. Para ello, se toma como caso Elástico de sombra, novela de Juan Cárdenas (2019), que permite indagar cómo la imaginación irrumpe en el discurso dominante para, a través de la acción de escribir «por detrás» exponer su contralado. La hipótesis principal sostiene que la narrativa del autor configura una escritura que hace inteligible a la resistencia, -esto es, le designa un lugar específico dentro del ordenamiento del lenguaje a la misma, dando a ver su permanencia en el tiempo y en el territorio. Abstract: This paper explores the links between imagination and resistance of the black resistance in northern Cauca. To do this, it takes Elástico de sombra, a novel by Juan Cárdenas (2019), that allows researchers to investigate how imagination bursts into the symmetry of the hegemonic discoursein order to expose its counterpart through the action of writing «from behind». The main hypothesis points out that Cárdenas’s narrative configures a writing in resistance that makes it resistance intelligible -that is, it designates a specific place within the order of language to resistance-, showing its permanence in time and its permanence in territory.

This paper is an attempt to draw distinctive lines between the concepts of cybercrime, cyber-attack, and cyber warfare in the current information age, in which it has become difficult to separate the activities of transnational criminals from acts of belligerents using cyberspace. The paper considers the implications of transnational cyber threats in international humanitarian law (IHL) with a particular focus on cyber-attacks by non-state actors, the principles of state responsibility, and the implications of targeting non-state perpetrators under IHL. It concludes that current international law constructs are inadequate to address the implications of transnational cyber threats; the author recommends consequential amendments to the laws of war in order to address the challenges posed by transnational cyber threats.

Krajem XX. i početkom XXI. stoljeća porastao je znanstveni interes za probleme islamske filozofije, osobito vidljiv na Zapadu gdje susrećemo nova ostvarenja već afirmiranih autora, ali i vrijedne studije znanstvenika mlađe generacije koji kreiraju sasvim novi krug stručnjaka unutar područja islamske filozofije. Naš je cilj u ovom radu ponuditi analizu najznačajnijih studija o islamskoj filozofiji tijekom prva dva desetljeća XXI. stoljeća, a na temelju naznačavanja najvažnijih naslova, čiji sadržaj i kritika ih preporučuju kao paradigmatske. Kritička istraživanja ispisana na Zapadu s početka XXI. stoljeća pokazuju da islamska filozofija i u svojoj najrecentnijoj fazi ostaje dominantno vezana za metafizičke i epistemološke probleme karakteristične za klasično muslimansko filozofsko mišljenje. Među brojnim autorima, djela Seyyeda Hosseina Nasra, Petera Adamsona, Massima Campaninija, Richarda Taylora i Iana Richarda Nettona uzimamo kao referentan okvir za predstavljanje zacrtanog zadatka., The end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century revealed an increase in scientific interest in the problems of Islamic philosophy, especially noticeably in the West, where we encounter new achievements of already established authors, but also valuable works of younger generation scientists, who created an entirely new circle of experts within the field of Islamic philosophy. In this paper, we aim to offer an analysis of the most significant studies of Islamic philosophy during the first two decades of the 21st century, based on pointing out the most important titles, whose content and critics recommend them as paradigmatic. Critical research written in the West at the beginning of the 21st century shows that Islamic philosophy, even in its most recent phase, remains predominantly related to the metaphysical and epistemological problems characteristic of classical Muslim philosophical thought. We take as a frame of reference to present in the task outlined above, among the many authors, the works of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Peter Adamson, Massimo Campanini, Richard Taylor and Ian Richard Netton.

Currently, due to the globalization phenomenon and technological evolution, we are facing a new challenging set of paradigms encompassing social, industrial, financial and cultural issues. Hence, it is a difficult task to anticipate the new demands of the market concerning the most appreciated skills in the forthcoming workforce. This paper intends to report the sets of skills that comprise the desirable profile of the quality professional in the 21st century. To meet this purpose, a worldwide online survey was held online throughout the first quarter of 2018, assessing (adopting a 5-point Likert scale) the importance of 27 skills identified in relevant literature. A total of 319 valid answers, originated from 61 different countries, were collected and summarized through descriptive statistics. The results suggest that seven sets of skills (appreciated skills to forthcoming quality professionals) comprise the profile of the quality professional in the 21st century. Thus, professionals aiming the quality leader role may now tailor their skills based on the information provided in this paper. In addition, companies can use these results to specify the dimensions that their human resources should develop., The authors would like to thank the collaboration of the respondents who kindly answered the survey. In addition, the authors would like to thank ASQ and ALGORITMI Research Centre for disseminating the online survey. This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and through FCT- Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019.

Resumen Este artículo analiza la novela de Jorge Enrique Lage (1979), La autopista: The movie, en el contexto de la última narrativa cubana y la ciencia ficción caribeña. Muchas de las obras de Lage exploran las diferentes posibilidades del futuro de Cuba, planteando universos llenos de elementos extraños y novedosos que se pueden corresponder -o no- con el futuro del país, aunque no construye una sociedad modélica: estos universos están sumidos en el caos, en la inestabilidad. La globalización entra en sus novelas como una fuerza irremediable y es la causa de la llegada de todos estos elementos a la isla. Abstract This paper analyses Jorge Enrique Lage's (1979) novel La autopista: The movie, published in 2014 in La Habana, in the context of the latest Cuban narrative and Caribbean science fiction. Many of Lage's works explore the different possibilities of Cuba's future, positing universes full of strange and novel elements that may -or may not- correspond to the future of the country, although their main intention is not to build a model society: these universes are immersed in chaos, in instability. Globalization enters his novels as an irremediable force, being the cause of the arrival of all these elements on the island.

Throughout history, researchers who examine the structure and function of the brain debate one another about how cortical areas are defined, as well as how these areas should be named. Different pieces of empirical evidence are used to define brain areas and it is important to preserve the accurate history of this evidence and the timeline of studies that lead to areal definitions that are either still used today or have been modified. As such, this paper traces the early history of a brain area located at the junction between the occipital and temporal lobes of the macaque known as TEO. This historical analysis leads to four main findings. First, even though Bonin and Bailey are credited with the definition of area TEO in 1947, they did not have the cytoarchitectonic evidence to support the distinction of TEO from adjacent areas. Second, the first evidence definitively separating area TEO from TE was actually based on connectivity as identified with strychnine neuronography by Petr et al. in 1949. Third, causal evidence from ablation studies conducted by Iwai and Mishkin (Experimental Neurology 25(4):585-594, 1969) supported this distinction by showing that TEO and TE were functionally distinct from one another. Fourth, researchers in the 1970s began referring to TEO as posterior inferotemporal (PIT) and TE as anterior inferotemporal (AIT), which is an important historical clarification as the PIT/AIT nomenclature is presently attributed to studies conducted more than a decade later. Altogether, this paper aims to preserve the historical origin of area TEO, as well as the empirical evidence that was used to originally differentiate this cortical expanse from surrounding areas.

Resumo Este artigo analisa um conjunto de escritos publicados nos últimos anos que identificam uma grave crise das democracias contemporâneas. Eles tratam das causas e dos sintomas desse processo de “desconsolidação democrática” e propõem algumas soluções para sua superação. O clamor pela restauração da democracia liberal destaca-se como elemento normativo comum à maior parte desses escritos. Contraposto a essas concepções institucionalistas e que redundam em duas estratégias de reconstrução da democracia liberal (o “salvacionismo elitista” e o “catecismo cívico”), este artigo assume que vivemos uma crise estrutural do chamado “capitalismo democrático”, produzido pela “revolução neoliberal”. Dessa última perspectiva não se deduz, todavia, nenhuma “saída” imediata para o dramático momento histórico em tela. Abstract This article analyzes papers that have been published in recent years that identify a serious crisis of contemporary democracies. They address the causes and symptoms of this “democratic deconsolidation” process and propose some solutions for overcoming it. The clamor for the restoration of liberal democracy stands out as a common normative element in most texts. Opposed to these institutionalist conceptions that result in two strategies for the reconstruction of liberal democracy (“elitist salvationism” and “civic catechism”), this article assumes that we are experiencing a structural crisis of the so-called “democratic capitalism” produced by the “neoliberal revolution”. Following this last perspective, however, no immediate “exit” can be deduced for this current dramatic historical moment.

En el marco de una investigación más amplia en torno a los imaginarios para después del final en la literatura argentina actual, el presente trabajo se propone abordar los modos en que Cuaderno de Pripyat (2012) de Carlos Ríos narra el después de un hecho histórico identificable, la catástrofe de Chernóbil, tensionándolo entre la crisis específica y la posibilidad de generar un escenario posapocalíptico que ponga en juego un corte radical e inconmensurable. En una primera instancia, se analiza la forma en que esta multiplicación de temporalidades afecta la presentación de los testimonios que el relato dice recolectar. Luego, el trabajo se centra en el collage como posible clave explicativa de la composición del relato a partir de la tensión entre la lógica del resto y la de la sobresaturación referencial. In the framework of a broader investigation into the imaginaries of the afterworld in present-day Argentine literature, this paper aims at addressing the ways in which Carlos Ríos’s Cuaderno de Pripyat (2012) narrates the afterworld of an identifiable historical event, the Chernobyl disaster, creating further tension between the crisis itself and the possibility of a post-apocalyptic setting that brings a radical and immeasurable interruption into play. First, we analyze the ways in which this multiplication of temporalities affects the presentation of the testimonies collected in the story. Next, the paper focuses on the collage as a possible explicative key to the fragmentary composition of the story based on the tension between the rationality of that which remains and that of referential oversaturation. Fil: Catalin, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Estudios Críticos en Humanidades. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Estudios Críticos en Humanidades; Argentina

The purpose of this study is to create a lesson plan as a supplement for Réception Orale I course that is integrated with 21st century skills and based on Youtube Channel. This design is created as an effort to employ the information technology in the course, which by far is deemed to be unable to merge the blended learning on its maximum effort. The importance of this Blended Learning-based research is conducted to improve students' listening skills in French Language Study Program (FLSP) through audio-visual learning media that is in line with technological developments, namely the Youtube Channel. Youtube Channel which will be used as a learning medium in listening comprehension course in FLSP is a special channel that is identified based on the suitability of the material in the Course Design (RPS) of the listening comprehension. The design of the Youtube Channel will set off by uploading videos that are relevant to the learning needs of listening skills so that learning objectives can be achieved. The result of this study is the supplement design for French listening comprehension course which is based on Youtube Channel. The finding of this paper may shed the light in paving our way to prepare ourselves to face Industrial Revolution 4.0, which characteristics among others is the use of information technology in the learning process.

In recent years, the frequentoccurrence of natural calamities in the world has gained much attention due to infrastructure and life losses. Increase in global temperature has threatened the earth’s climate, causing unpredictable and extremeweatherevents more often. These events were both short-termas well as long-term. In spite of insufficient monitoring coverage of inner areas and high altitudes, an intensification of average yearly temperature has been observed after the 20thcentury inmany regions of Asia. Pakistan has faced a number of natural disasters including severe floods, devastating earthquakes, disturbing droughts, distressing smog, extreme temperature and torrential rainfall patterns. These calamities have affected people economically, socially, physically and mentally by posing a threat to earth, its species and their livelihood. This paper was aimed to document the natural calamities in Pakistan since the beginning of 21stcentury till date. The country is facing the problemof intense and longer summers and has witnessed two intenseheat waves. Moreover, in some areas, extensive droughts are threatening crops, freshwater supply and wildlife. In recent years, the problem of smog has emerged in Pakistan, especiallyin Punjab. The problem is getting worse in every coming year due to overpopulation, cities expansion, increased emission of greenhousegases, open burning of crop residues and extreme reliance on fossil fuels for energy purpose. So far in this century, Pakistan has faced 3 droughts, 2 heat waves, 10 severe floods, 27 major earthquakes, 2 consecutive sessions of severe smog and extreme high and lowtemperatureevents. Some of the deadliest events were; 2005 Kashmir earthquake claiming 87,350 human lives and 2010 flood impacting nearly 20 million people with 1,781 causalities. Change in climate is posing a severe threat to species, livelihood of the human beingsand the earth. Global warming is causing warming of oceans and consequently rise in sea level. Climate change affects average as well as extreme temperatures hence increasing the probability climate-relateddisasters.Thus,global warming is causing a chain of catastrophic events that makethe problem even more complex to understand.

Lone mothers are a diverse group but it has been argued in the previous research that they tend to be homogenised. This article explores representations of single mothers in Swedish newspapers. Material from the two largest morning papers and the two largest tabloids was collected from the years 2015–2017. The results of the study suggest that although the newspaper representations do not fully reflect the diversity of social realities, there are indeed varying images of lone mothers in the sample. A recurring representation is as a comparatively poor and hardworking—even heroic—woman, who in political argumentation is referred to as someone in need of societal support and policy reforms. A less frequent representation, that often occurs in lengthy, in-depth pieces, is the affluent official person who despite her prosperity struggles with combining single (good) motherhood with her career, or the middle-class woman who becomes a lone mother via assisted reproductive technologies. Teenage motherhood (i.e., age), race/ethnicity, sexuality, and welfare dependence are seldom, if at all, alluded to. There is no vilification or condemnation of the lone mother, as has been found in research on other national contexts.

Cet article analyse les « rituels » mis en œuvre dans les photos publiées sur le réseau social Instagram. Il en interroge les modalités et significations dans le cas de la société brésilienne imprégnée de spiritualité latente mais aussi marquée par la culture de la consommation. La méthodologie est « netnographique ». La discussion met en relation les informations issues du terrain et les éléments théoriques. Esta pesquisa estuda o conceito de « ritual » no contexto da publicação de fotos na rede Instagram. Investigam-se as modalidades e os significados do « ritual » com base nas fotos compartilhadas na rede, levando-se em conta que a sociedade brasileira concilia espiritualidade difusa e cultura do consumo. A metodologia é « netnográfica ». A discussão estabelece um diálogo entre as informações do campo e os elementos teóricos. This paper focuses on the concept of « ritual » in the context of online publication on Instagram. It aims to understand the contemporary modalities and significations of the « ritual » published through online pictures in Brazilian society infused with a latent spirituality but also influenced by a strong consumer culture. The methodology is « netnographic ». The discussion places information from the field in dialogue with theoretical elements.

[Resumen] Introducción y objetivo. Este trabajo investiga la integración de la mujer en el sector cinematográfico español. Se analiza su presencia en las categorías profesionales de producción y desarrollo artístico de las producciones de ficción en imagen real, realizadas entre los años 2002 y 2018. Metodología. Para implementar esta investigación se ha diseñado una ficha que recoge las películas producidas, las funciones asignadas y el número de mujeres presentes en cada una de ellas. Resultados y conclusiones. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca que su presencia en los puestos ejecutivos y de creación ha aumentado significativamente en el siglo XXI. También se constata una limitada influencia de la legislación para potenciar la presencia de la mujer en la creación cinematográfica. [Resumo] Introdução e objetivo. Este documento investiga a integração das mulheres no sector cinematográfico espanhol. Analisa a sua presença nas categorias profissionais de produção e desenvolvimento artístico de produções de ficção em imagem real, realizadas entre 2002 e 2018. Metodologia. Para implementar esta investigação, foi concebido um ficheiro para recolher os filmes produzidos, os papéis atribuídos e o número de mulheres presentes em cada um deles. Resultados e conclusões. Entre os resultados obtidos, vale a pena salientar que a sua presença em cargos executivos e criativos aumentou significativamente no século XXI. Mostra também uma influência limitada da legislação para promover a presença de mulheres na produção de filmes [Abstract] Introduction and objective. This paper investigates the integration of women in the Spanish film sector. It analyzes their presence in the professional categories of production and artistic development of fiction productions in real image, made between the years 2002 and 2018. Methodology. To implement this research, a file was designed to collect the films produced, the roles assigned and the number of women present in each of them. Results and conclusions. Among the results obtained, it is highlighted that their presence in executive and creative positions has increased significantly in the 21st century. It also shows a limited influence of legislation to promote the presence of women in filmmaking

Este artículo estudia el lirismo en las novelas de Belén Gopegui desde La escala de los mapas (1993) hasta Quédate este día y esta noche conmigo (2017) como el principal rasgo estilístico reconocido por la crítica. A pesar de la valoración positiva de su obra narrativa, faltan estudios académicos centrados en los aspectos formales de sus novelas. En el presente estudio, parto de las definiciones propuestas desde la Teoría de los géneros para establecer las estrategias narrativas que fomentan la subjetividad y la intensidad propias de la enunciación lírica. La subjetividad en las novelas se investiga a través de los géneros narrativos que exploran lo confidencial y lo íntimo, como la epístola y el diario, frecuentes en la narrativa de la autora. El estudio del ritmo se centra en los recursos retóricos basados en la repetición y la dimensión simbólica de la prosa se ocupa de las figuras literarias basadas en analogías. El estudio de las metáforas revela un uso particular de conceptos científicos que constituye un rasgo estilístico singular de la prosa de Gopegui. Por otra parte, el gusto por el aforismo evidencia el interés por lo didáctico y lo lírico. El registro de estos tres elementos básicos –géneros, figuras literarias y aforismos– se relaciona con temas recurrentes en su obra narrativa. Finalmente, se propone que el lirismo forma parte de la poética narrativa de la autora, ya que está al servicio de la intención didáctica y ética que distingue su obra y que suele identificarse con la novela social, ideológica o comprometida. This paper analyses the lyricism in Belen Gopegui’s novels, from La escala de los mapas (1993) to Quédate este día y esta noche conmigo (2017), as the main stylistic feature according to literary critics. Despite the good reviews of her prose fiction, there aren’t enough essays about style in her novels. This article is based on the definitions proposed in Genre Theory in order to establish the narrative strategies that encourage the typical subjectivity and depth of the lyric enunciation. Subjectivity in her novels is studied through some narrative genres, such as the epistle and the diary, which explore confidentiality and intimacy, so frequent in the author’s fiction. Subjectivity in her novels is studied through some narrative genres, such as the epistle and the diary, which explore confidentiality and intimacy, so frequent in the author’s fiction. The study of rhythm is focused on the use of figures of speech based on repetition, and the symbolic dimension of prose deals with rhetorical devices based on analogy. The study of metaphors reveals a personal use of scientific concepts that becomes a unique stylistic characteristic of Gopegui’s prose. Moreover, her taste for aphorisms demonstrates her interest in didactics and lyricism. The register of these three basic elements – genres, rhetorical devices and aphorisms– are related to recurring themes in her narrative production. Finally, lyricism is proposed to be part of the author’s poetic narrative, as it has a didactic and ethical intention and also it is usually identified with the social, ideological or committed novel. Finally, lyricism is proposed to be part of the author’s poetic narrative, as it has a didactic and ethical intention and also it is usually identified with the social, ideological or committed novel.

Introduction and objective. This paper investigates the integration of women in the Spanish film sector. It analyzes their presence in the professional categories of production and artistic development of fiction productions in real image, made between the years 2002 and 2018. Methodology. To implement this research, a file was designed to collect the films produced, the roles assigned and the number of women present in each of them. Results and conclusions. Among the results obtained, it is highlighted that their presence in executive and creative positions has increased significantly in the 21st century. It also shows a limited influence of legislation to promote the presence of women in filmmaking. Introducción y objetivo. Este trabajo investiga la integración de la mujer en el sector cinematográfico español. Se analiza su presencia en las categorías profesionales de producción y desarrollo artístico de las producciones de ficción en imagen real, realizadas entre los años 2002 y 2018. Metodología. Para implementar esta investigación se ha diseñado una ficha que recoge las películas producidas, las funciones asignadas y el número de mujeres presentes en cada una de ellas. Resultados y conclusiones. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca que su presencia en los puestos ejecutivos y de creación ha aumentado significativamente en el siglo XXI. También se constata una limitada influencia de la legislación para potenciar la presencia de la mujer en la creación cinematográfica.

Este artículo versa sobre la creación del primer museo de arte digital del mundo, inaugurado el 21 de junio de 2018 en Tokio (Japón). Nos referimos al Mori Building Digital Art Museum: teamLab Borderless, que se encuentra situado en la isla artificial de Odaiba, núcleo de la cultura futurista nipona y dominada por el edificio Fuji TV del arquitecto Kenzo Tange, el cual, a su vez, es sede del Miraikan, el Museo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología Emergentes de Japón. Este lugar es perfecto para esta nueva disciplina artística que adquiere cada vez más notoriedad en la sociedad actual, por su capacidad de combinar manifestaciones artísticas con diferentes tipologías tecnológicas, produciendo de esta manera instalaciones inmersivas con un fuerte impacto en el espectador y que a su vez convierten a la tecnología en una inmensa obra de arte. / This paper deals with the creation of the world’s first digital art museum, inaugurated on 21 June 2018 in Tokyo (Japan). The Mori Building Digital Art Museum: teamLab Borderless is located on the artificial island of Odaiba, that is the heart of Japan’s futuristic culture and is surrounded by architect Kenzo Tange’s Fuji TV building, which in turn is the home of Japan’s Miraikan, Japan’s Museum of Emerging Science and Technology. This place is perfect for the new artistic discipline that is becoming more and more notorious in today’s society, for its ability to combine artistic manifestations with different technological typologies, thus producing immersive installations with a strong impact on the viewer and at the same time turning technology into an immense work of art.

Professor Giustino Varrassi and Antonella Paladini speak to Jade Parker, Commissioning Editor: Professor Giustino Varrassi is Full Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine in the LUdeS University, Valletta, Malta. He graduated at the Medical School of the University ‘La Sapienza’ (Rome, Italy) in 1973, and became board certified in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care in 1976 and in Pneumology in 1978, both in the same Medical School. He is currently President of the European League Against Pain and of the Paolo Procacci Foundation, and is a founding member of both of these. He is also a member of the World Institute of Pain, and a member of the Board of the Associazione Italiana per lo Studio del Dolore. He has been an invited speaker at more than 500 congresses (national and international), mainly in obstetric anesthesia and pain medicine. He is also the author of approximately 500 papers, published in international and national scientific journals, and 46 book chapters, mainly on obstetric anesthesia and pain medicine. He is the editor of 31 books and congress proceedings, including a textbook on obstetric anesthesia. He has also been the organizer of around 40 congresses, including European and World congresses on Pain Medicine. Professor Antonella Paladini is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the L'Aquila University, Italy. She has recently been nominated as Associate Professor of Anesthesiology in the LUdeS University, in Valletta, Malta. She graduated in medicine at L'Aquila University in 1989, and has got her Board Certification with laude in Anesthesia in 1992 and served as anesthetist in few teaching hospitals, mainly in cardiac surgery departments. Since 2000, she is in charge of the L'Aquila University, and has addressed her interests toward pain medicine. In 2004, she got the Board Certificate in Pain Medicine, with laude, in the University of Verona. She has a huge scientific production, with over 60 papers published in international and national journals. She is especially interested in the phenomenon of neuroinflammation and pain, and has published interesting review articles and meta-analysis on the topic. She has also co-authored few chapters of international books.

U radu se problematizira status slavonskoga dijalekta na početku 21. st. u razdoblju od 2000. do 2015. g., u teoriji i praksi. Teorijom je obuhvaćena bibliografija radova kojima je tema slavonski dijalekt, a praksom aktivnosti kojima se poučava o tome dijalektu i kojima se on promiče. Pri oblikovanju stava o slavonskome dijalektu, vodeći brigu o onome što će ostati mlađim naraštajima, valja imati na umu raznolikost hrvatskih regionalnih i mjesnih govora te znanstvenom gledištu pridružiti i sociolingvističko, kulturološko, a onda i identitetsko – jedino se tako zavičajni jezik može smatrati sastavnim dijelom nacionalnoga i regionalnoga identiteta. Poseban dio rada čini popis bibliografskih jedinica za razdoblje od 2000. do 2015. koji može biti polazištem za cjelovitu bibliografiju radova o slavonskome dijalektu., The paper discusses the status of Slavonian dialect at the beginning of the 21st century, in the period from 2000 to 2015 in theory and practice. The theory encompasses bibliography of papers focusing on Slavonian dialect, and the practice deals with the activities used for teaching and promoting the dialect. While forming the viewpoint on the Slavonian dialect, taking care of what will remain for the younger generations, we have to keep in mind the diversity of regional and local speeches, as well as add the sociolinguistic, the cultural and the identity to the scientific view – that is the only way to consider the local language a constituent part of national and regional identity. A separate part of the paper consists of bibliographical units list for the period from 2000 to 2015 that can be a starting point for the complete bibliography of works on Slavonian dialect.

Protein Kinase C (PKC) was born in Japan in 1977 in the Department of Biochemistry of the University of Kobe. Inoue, Kishimoto and Takai in Nishizuka’s Laboratory, described in two papers in the Journal of Biological Chemistry a cyclic nucleotide-independent, proteolytically modified protein kinase from mammalian brain (named PKM, M for magnesium ions that were indispensable for activation) (1,2). The full length enzyme (2), subsequently demonstrated to be activated by calcium and phospholipids (3), was named protein kinase C (C, for calcium ions, which fully activated the enzyme at low concentrations, and thus differentiate it from cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases, protein kinase A and G). The same group observed that unsaturated diacylglycerol was an essential activator of PKC (4), linking the previously described receptor-dependent inositol phospholipid hydrolysis (5) to protein phosphorylation, thus thrusting this enzyme into intercellular signal transduction research. PKC inhibitors were characterized in 1980 as phospholipid interfering drugs (such as chlorpromazine, imipramine and dibucaine) (6) and the first direct functional assignment for PKC was made utilizing human platelets in which the thrombin-induced release of serotonin was shown to be mediated by PKC activation (7). Starting in the early eighties, the interest in PKC crossed Japan’s borders and invaded the rest of the world, making PKC one of the most studied enzymes in biology, with more than 45.000 research papers published up to now.

Hearing Research 322 (2015) 1e3 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Hearing Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/heares Editorial Recognizing the journey and celebrating the achievement of cochlear implants 1. Tribute to the Lasker Award recipients k e sy More than half a century has passed since Georg von B e received the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his dis- coveries of “the physical mechanism of stimulation within the co- chlea.” Around the same time several physicians began the pioneering work to restore hearing to deaf people by bypassing the malfunctioned cochlear mechanism to stimulate electrically the residual auditory nerve. Like a fairytale, the cochlear implant was ridiculed as an ugly duck in the beginning but has since grown into a beautiful swan, which not only has helped restore functional hearing to well over 400,000 persons but more recently finally received recognition from the mainstream scientific community. Dubbed America's Nobel, the 2013 Lasker ~ DeBakey Clinical Med- ical Research Award went to Graeme M. Clark, Ingeborg J. Hochmair and Blake S. Wilson for “the development of the modern cochlear implant d a device that bestows hearing to individuals with pro- found deafness.” The Lasker Award is a huge recognition for a rela- tively small field like hearing research. The first and foremost aim of the present special issue is to hon- or the three Lasker Award recipients, Graeme Clark, Ingeborg Hoch- mair and Blake Wilson by inviting them to present their work that has not only benefitted so many but also achieved the recognition that makes all hearing researchers proud. In the first paper of the special issue, Clark, 2015 demonstrates his unwavering vision for a multi-channel cochlear implant that takes advantage of both tem- poral and place coding to support functional speech recognition and language development for implant users. The relentless and excellent work by him and his colleagues since 1967, first at the University of Sydney and later at the University of Melbourne, has led to the most successful commercial product to date, the Cochlear Ltd device, which was the first FDA-approved multi-channel implant for adults in 1985 and for children in 1990, with approxi- mately 250,000 users to date. Beginning with their first eight-channel, puslatile-stimulation cochlear implant device being implanted in 1977, Ingeborg Hoch- mair, 2015 document their journey from a single-channel analog de- vice with amplitude compression to a successful commercial device, the multi-channel Med El GmbH implant with monopolar, pulsatile stimulation. The Hochmair paper also presents important ongoing research using innovative technological development such as atrau- matic deep insertion of electrodes into the apical region of the co- chlea and signal processing such as fine structure encoding of sounds to improve the present device performance in speech under- standing in noise and sound quality, especially in music appreciation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2015.02.003 0378-5955/© 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. By comparing early cochlear implant devices and their perfor- mance, Wilson, 2015 presents the historical context and describes the rationale for developing the Continuous Interleaved Sampling (CIS) sound coding strategy. The CIS strategy represents a clear paradigm shift from either analog processing or explicit feature extraction to envelope-based vocoding. The strategy also crystal- lizes the concept, and justifies the use of signal processing param- eters that constitute the de facto standard of modern cochlear implant processors, from front-end processing, e.g., spectral weighting, filtering, and envelope extraction, to back-end process- ing, e.g., amplitude compression, mapping, and constant high-rate, interleaved, puslatile stimulation. The unique combination of new and prior elements in the CIS strategy allows accurate and mini- mally interfering representation and delivery of band-limited enve- lope cues to the auditory nerve, and additionally, easy and uniform engineering implementation and device fitting, that are respon- sible for producing reliable, robust and consistent open-set speech understanding for the great majority of modern cochlear implant users. 2. Early contributions to cochlear implants At the closing time of editing the special issue, we were thrilled to learn that the three Lasker Award recipients, together with two additional researchers, Erwin S. Hochmair and Michael M. Merze- nich, received the 2015 Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Prize. Awarded biennially by the United States' National Academy of Engineering and Ohio University, the Russ prize recognizes a bioengineering achievement in widespread use that improves the human condi- tion. We are honored that all Russ Prize recipients contributed to the present special issue. Not surprisingly, Erwin Hochmair co- authored the aforementioned paper with Ingeborg Hochmair, as a reliable, productive and successful husband-wife team since day one. Merzenich, 2015 recounts the UCSF contributions to the devel- opment of modern cochlear implants from sound coding, electrode design, and stimulation control to the realization that “cochlear im- plants were more a ‘miracle’ of brain plasticity than of our device engineering.” As an intellectual leader in the early days of cochlear implants, Merzenich also gives a first person account of major events and issues, including intellectual and political interactions with not only other UCSF researchers but also relevant industrial and academic luminaries. Possibly having witnessed the difficulty in translating university research into commercial success, for example, the UCSF-Storz, Stanford-Biostim, and Utah-Ineraid

En este trabajo se estudian las maneras en que diferentes diarios colombianos construyen discursivamente, en sus versiones online, determinados participantes y procesos, en una temporalidad y espacialidad específica de carácter coyuntural. El marco teórico y metodológico se inscribe en los postulados de la Lingüística Crítica, atendiendo a dos ideas claves de esta escuela, la clasificación y los paradigmas de disputa. El artículo muestra cómo la discusión en torno del tópico La Macarena comienza con la denominación “fosa” y termina en la denominación “cementerio”, dejando entrever la disputa ideológica y las trasformaciones discursivas que activan mecanismos de silenciamiento en la construcción y clasificación discursiva del mundo social. Abstract This paper analyzes the ways in which various Colombian online newspapers construct discursively certain participants and processes in a conjunctural and specific temporality and spatiality. The theoretical and methodological framework is part of the postulates of Critical Linguistics, specially two key ideas of these theories: classification and paradigms of dispute. The paper shows how the discussion of topical La Macarena begins with the sign “fosa” and ends with the sign “cementerio”, suggesting the ideological dispute and discursive transformations that trigger silencing mechanisms in discursive construction and classification of the social world., IBEROAMERICANA, Vol. 15, Núm. 57 (2015)

Present Thesis focuses on the modern Czech translations of the Hebrew Bible. As the first modern translation we consider Jan N. Hejčl's translation of the Old Testament from years 1914-1925. All translations of the entire canon of the Hebrew Bible are included in this paper as well as the complete translations of books belonging to this canon, which have been published in printed editions. The aim of this paper is to outline the characteristics of the modern Czech translations and to highlight some of their specifics, especially when compared with the preserved Masoretic text. Two case studies appended to theoretical part of the Thesis suggest a possible approach to the study of the Old Testament translations.

High-resolution lake and reservoir bathymetric surveys can pinpoint locations that may experience underwater landslides (subaquatic sedimentary mass movements). These can pose a risk to underwater and shoreline infrastructure. This paper outlines an approach for using spatial variation in sedimentary patterns to identify areas susceptible to subaquatic mass movements in lakes and reservoirs. This study focusses on Lake Biel (Switzerland), which has experienced a protracted history of upstream alteration of river flow. Altered flow patterns increase risk of unstable sedimentary features and subaquatic mass movements. Data from sediment traps and cores, Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and results from a 3D hydrodynamic model gave a consistent picture of spatial and temporal variation in weather-related sedimentation. Erosion caused by short-term rain events contributes the largest proportion of sediments to the lake. Strong rain events combine with typical wind patterns to drive lake circulation. The net effect results in preferential sedimentation onto a steeply sloping shelf prone to subaquatic slides. The integrated approach outlined here incorporates short- and long-term sediment dynamics to provide a systematic assessment of lake sedimentation and potential mass movement hazards. This research represents a first step in developing a risk-evaluation tool for aquatic hazard evaluation., Water Resources Management, 34 (13), ISSN:0920-4741, ISSN:1573-1650

This text offers an analysis of the power apparatuses (dispositifs) employed in the management of the early 21st century Covid-19 pandemic. The paper is divided into two sections. The first part is oriented both towards a charac- terization of the mode of government that preceded the onset of the viral disease and towards an exposition of the power apparatuses it instrumentalized. This mode of go- vernment is referred to in the text as «capitalistic gover- mentality», a practice combining regimes of knowledge, economically encoded materialities, subjective formations and power apparatuses in order to maintain the valorization of private capital. The second part exposes the ways in which the apparatuses of capitalistic governmentality are modified and articulated in the context of the pandemic, through a phenomen given the provisional name of «viropolitics». RESUMEN El presente texto tiene como objetivo analizar los dispositivos de poder utilizados en la gestión de la pandemia del siglo XXI causada por la enfermedad COVID-19. Este artículo se divide en dos apartados. El primero se orienta tanto hacia una caracterización del modo de gobierno que precede a la aparición viral de la enfermedad como hacia una mostración de los dispositivos de poder que instrumentaliza. Esta forma de gobierno es denominada en el texto como «gubernamentalidad capitalística», en tanto práctica que combina regímenes de saber, materialidades codificadas económicamente, formaciones subjetivas y dispositivos de poder a efectos de mantener la valorización privada del capital. El segundo apartado, finalmente, explicita cómo se actualizan y articulan los dispositivos de la gubernamentalidad capitalística en el contexto de la pandemia, actualización y recombinación que recibe el nombre provisional de «viropolítica». RESUMO Este texto tem como objetivo analisar os dispositivos de poder utilizados no manejo da pandemia do século XXI, causada pelo COVID-19. Este artigo está dividido em duas seções. A primeira parte é orientada tanto para a caracterização do modo de governo que precede o início viral da doença, quanto para a demonstração dos dispositivos de poder que aquele instrumentaliza. Essa forma de governo é referida no texto como «governamentalidade capitalística» enquanto uma prática que combina regimes de saber, materialidades economicamente codificadas, formações subjetivas e dispositivos de poder, a fim de manter a valorização privada do capital. A segunda seção, finalmente, explica como os dispositivos da governamentalidade capitalística são atualizados e articulados no contexto da pandemia, atualização e recombinação que recebem o nome provisório de «viropolítica».