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WOS:000967659000009 The utilization of plant extraction products from Oeneanthe pimpinelloides (Apiaceae family) seeds were investigated in terms of their use as an insecticide control of packaging materials. The aim was to investigate their insecticidal effects against the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. The Oeneanthe pimpinelloides seeds were extracted with methanol. By using the liquid-liquid extraction method, the hexane extract (II) was separated from the methanol extract (I) and hexane and methanol were evaporated. Then, the chemical composition of each sample was determined via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The methanol extract predominantly contained tetrahydrofuran, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy, 2-butoxyethanol, 1-phenylethanone, cyclohexene carboxylate derivative, (3-phenyl-2-propynylidene) cyclopropane, diphenyldiazene, and dihydroxypropyl ester components, while the hexane fraction contained nonane, 1-octanol, decane, undecane, tridecane, alkyl benzene, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoxazine, and hexadecanoic acid components, as well as some derivatives of them. Each fraction was dissolved in DMSO for impregnation on filter paper. The insecticide effects of the paper samples were determined against Tribolium castneum. According to the results, the mortality started after 3 d for each fraction. After 4 d, the hexane fraction indicated total mortality in comparison with the methanol fraction, which showed partial mortality (3/5).

Background Huntington’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative hereditary disease with symptoms in all domains of a person’s functioning. It begins after a healthy start in life and leads through the relentless progression over many years to complete care dependency and finally death. To date, the disease is incurable. The long progressive complex nature of the disease demands multiple disciplines for treatment and care of patient and family. These health care providers need inter- and multidisciplinary collaboration to persevere and be efficacious in this devastating disease trajectory. Discussion The position paper outlines current knowledge and experience alongside the experience and consensus of a recognised group of HD multidisciplinary experts. Additionally the patient’s voice is clear and calls for health care providers with a holistic view on patient and family. Building long-term trust is a cornerstone of the network around the patient. This paper describes a managed care network comprising all the needed professionals and services. In the health care system, the role of a central coordinator or case manager is of key importance but lacks an appropriate guideline. Other disciplines currently without guidelines are general practitioners, nurses, psychologists, and social workers. Guidelines for neurologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, physiotherapists, dieticians, and dentists are being discussed. Apart from all these profession-specific guidelines, distinctive inter- and multidisciplinary collaboration requirements must be met. Conclusions and recommendations The complex nature of Huntington's disease demands multidisciplinary treatment and care endorsed by international regulations and the lay association. Available guidelines as reviewed in this paper should be used, made available by a central body, and updated every 3–5 years. Time needs to be invested in developing missing guidelines but the lack of this ‘proof’ should not prevent the ‘doing’ of good care.

From the end of the nineteenth century and one hundred years onward, home sewing was an important part of many women’s duties, but it was also a pleasure, something that existed parallel with the emerging mass-produced ready-to-wear industry. The paper patterns used for home dressmaking were often sold and distributed through women’s magazines. These pattern sections were both a kind of reader service and a conscious strategy to capture the female target group. This article, based on an analysis of three Swedish magazines, is the first in-depth survey of patterns for home sewing of women’s clothes in Sweden. The study shows how the magazines adapted to changes in society with increasingly easier patterns and ready-cut fabric for their readers. By highlighting women making their clothes in the home, this article contributes to an often-neglected area of women’s memory and fashion history.

In the paper by Inna Ganschow, the camp experience in the Soviet Union as a result of forced conscription will be treated, specifically in its artistic processing: secretly written diaries and letters by Luxembourg Wehrmacht soldiers. Contemporary historical research today calls them ego documents – private, handwritten texts of a personal nature. The range of texts to be examined in the lecture ranges from the smuggled out notes and letters that their released comrades took with them to Luxembourg, through diaries, speeches and self-made dictionaries to poems, short stories and drawings, some of which were in the camp and some immediately after the return from Tambov and other camps in the Soviet Union. The focus is on the question of dealing with the thesis of the Auschwitz concentration camp survivor Viktor Frankl, psychiatrist and neurologist from Vienna, that the meaning of camp life - logotherapy - can have a self-healing effect and increase the self-healing powers, which increases the chances of survival.

研究ノート

本研究は日本の大学2 回生が初めて書く英語によるアカデミックペーパーにおいて、文献参照をどのように行っているかを分析したものである。分析には先行研究で提示された5種類の指標を用いた。その指標とはcitation category, integral/non-integral, reportingstructure, rhetorical functions, writer’s stance である。その結果、対象ペーパーの全体の傾向は、同じく学生のペーパーを対象とした類似研究とほぼ共通した特徴を示していることが分かった。また、ライティング経験がより高い対象を分析した先行研究とは、若干の相違点が認められた。

本稿では、製紙業界の新市場開拓に向けたイノベーションの効果について寡占市場を前提に理論的に捉え、新市場の拡大が企業の生産性・効率性にどのように影響するのか、大王製紙を例にしてシミュレーション・データによる実証分析を試みた。その結果、新市場の開拓は、長期的に製紙企業の効率性を向上させる効果があり、大王製紙のケースでは、2050年時点の効率性は、好景気であった1990年の効率水準に並ぶことが明らかになった。, This paper takes a theoretical view of the effect of innovation on the development of new markets in the paper industry, assuming an oligopoly market, and attempts an empirical analysis of how the expansion of new markets affects the productivity and efficiency of companies, using Daio Paper as an example, through simulation data. The results showed that the development of new markets has the effect of improving the efficiency of paper companies over the long term, and in the case of Daio Paper Corporation, the efficiency in 2050 is on par with the efficiency level in 1990, when the economy was booming., 特集 経済制度と社会秩序の形成に関する理論実証分析, Special issue: Theoretical and empirical studies on the evolution of economic institutions and social order, 論説(Article)

寿岳文章(1900-92)は，関西学院高等学部や京都帝国大学文学部選科で学び，英国詩人ウィリアム・ブレイクの研究やダンテ『神曲』の研究で知られる英文学者，書誌学者である。妻の静子も文筆家であり，夫妻は1933年に京都郊外の西向日町住宅地に居宅向日庵を新築し，そこへ転居する前後から夫妻協力して私版の書物の制作をはじめる。やがて向日庵を拠点としてはじめたのが，北海道を除く本州，四国，九州の和紙漉場調査であった。紙業調査は，寿岳がかねてより師事する言語学者新村出の勧めによるもので，帝国学士院の推薦により，有栖川宮記念学術奨励金を得て実現した。1937年10月から1940年3月までの間に，15回の旅行で96ヵ町村の漉場を実地に訪れている。調査計画の作成と実施には，民藝同人として親交のあった内閣統計局労働課長水谷良一の協力を得た。調査旅行の多くに妻静子が同行し，旅先の風景や紙漉村の描写は静子が，紙漉きに関する専門的な記述は文章が担当し，日々の調査記録が作成された。調査地では文章自ら写真をとり，紙を収集し持ち帰った。紙漉きの沿革や統計資料も集め，実地調査と併行して行われた文献調査の成果と合わせて，紙業調査資料としてまとめてファイルに整理された。漉場調査の成果については，寿岳は調査期間中からの早い段階から，既調査地について『工藝』や『和紙研究』などに論考を発表している。調査の集大成が，私版の向日庵本として制作した文章・静子共著『紙漉村旅日記』である。造本で評価が高いが，訪れた多くの紙漉場ごとに整理された調査項目に従い記述され，紙業調査資料に基づく統計なども含めた科学的な内容を持つ。寿岳はその著作で，化学材料を使い効率化を図る当時流行の改良漉を繰り返し批判する。紙を工藝の視点からみる寿岳は，まざりけない材料で古法を守り漉かれる紙を評価するが，産業としての製紙業とは開きがある。, Bunsho Jugaku (1900-92) is an English scholar and bibliographer known for his research on William Blake and Dante’s Divine Comedy. His wife Shizuko is also a writer. Based in their home, Koujitsu-an, the couple conducted a survey of washi mills in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. This research was realized with an academic scholarship at the recommendation of Izuru Shinmura, whom under Jugaku studied. From October 1937 to March 1940, Jugaku visited 96 towns and villages on 15 trips. Ryoichi Mizutani, Director of the Labor Division of the Cabinet Statistics Bureau, who was a fellow of Mingei, cooperated with the survey plan. In the survey, Shizuko recorded the scenery of her travels, and Jugaku recorded the professional papermaking process. Jugaku took pictures, collected papers, and brought them home. The culmination of their research is “Papermaking Village Travel Diary” by Jugaku Bunsho and Shizuko. It is highly regarded for its excellent binding. It has scientifically researched and described contents about papermaking at that time. Jugaku strongly criticizes the use of chemical materials to make paper more efficient. Jugaku, who sees paper as a craft, appreciates paper made by old methods using materials that cannot be mixed, but there is a gap between paper manufacturing as an industry and as a craft., 特集 : 近代京都と文化, Special Issue : Modern Kyoto Culture

Foam-assisted web forming and chemical application technologies have great potential to improve manufacturing efficiency and product quality in the paper and nonwovens industries. In this study, the benefits of foam forming and foam-assisted application of chemicals were demonstrated in a pilot machine trial. Uniform high-bulk webs of unrefined bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) and viscose fibers were manufactured by foam forming. It was shown that foam formed low-grammage and high-bulk viscose fiber webs can be strengthened by foam-assisted application of latex onto the wet web. Correspondingly, foam-assisted application of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and anionic polyacrylamide (A-PAM) improved the strength of the foam formed low-grammage and high-bulk BSKP web. Overall, the pilot machine results indicated that material cost savings could be achieved and a high-performance product could be manufactured with foam-based technologies.

Cellulose-based materials represent a renewable, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly alternative to plastic from fossil resources. Nanopaper is a strong and lightweight material formed from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Paper and nanopaper have been considered as excellent alternatives to plastics for use in agriculture and for packaging applications. However, common for both paper and nanopaper is their hydrophilic character, and consequently, poor water-resistance properties. ORMOCER®s are a class of inorganic–organic polymers with excellent barrier and protective properties used for a range of coating applications. Here we present ORMOCER®-coated paper and nanopaper. The coated papers and nanopapers are characterized, both in terms of their morphology, hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties. We demonstrate that the pressure used during the pressing and drying of paper and nanopaper influence their tear and tensile—properties, and that the morphology of the coated nanopaper differs significantly from that of the coated paper. While the ORMOCER® was impregnated within the porous network of the paper, a well-defined two-layered morphology was obtained with the coated nanopaper. Further, the biodegradability of the nanopaper with and without coating was assessed. The degradation study demonstrated that both the pressure used during the pressing and drying of the nanopaper, and the composition of the ORMOCER®, influenced the rate of degradation. Taken together, ORMOCER®-coated paper and nanopaper are promising for the preparation of materials that are both water-resistant, renewable, and biodegradable.

This study looked at how using small or large pieces of Rice Husk Ash and Waste Paper Sludge Ash can affect how strong and how much the concrete shrinks when it dries. When Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) were added to concrete, more water was needed. However, the mechanical properties of the concrete were similar or better than the concrete made with just Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Finer RHA and WPSA gave the best improvements. Rice husk and waste paper ash made things shrink a lot because of tiny particles that cause it to happen. This research looked at using waste paper sludge ash instead of some of the cement in a kind of concrete called M20 mix. They tested different amounts of the ash (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) to see how strong it made the concrete. They tested the strength of the concrete up to 28 days after it was made and compared it to normal concrete. Waste paper sludge can be used as fuel because it has a lot of heat energy. Afterwards, the remaining ash can be used to replace some of the cement.

We propose a unique form of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), paper DSSCs based on carbon-nanotube (CNT) composite papers, and the use of a gel electrolyte for the paper DSSC. In our previous study, we succeeded in developing the paper DSSC. However, its performance and lifetime were not sufficient. We considered that the problem was the use of liquid-type electrolyte. To improve the performance of the paper DSSC, a gel electrolyte was introduced to increase safety and durability. Here, a polymer gel electrolyte was synthesized using a copolymer of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a matrix, mixed with iodine and potassium iodide. The resulting paper DSSC had a fill factor (FF, a performance indicator) of 0.248 and a conversion efficiency of 2.43 × 10−5% with an extended working time (lifetime) of more than 110 min. Further modifications were made to the metallic CNT composite paper and the gel electrolyte, resulting in an increased conversion efficiency of 2.02 × 10−3%. This study suggests the potential of gel electrolytes in enhancing the performance of paper DSSCs, providing new insights for their future applications.

The aim of this study is to propose a test method for the determination of the quality of transformer paper insulation. For this purpose, the oil/cellulose insulation systems were exposed to various accelerated aging tests. The results of the aging experiments of normal Kraft and thermally upgraded papers, two different types of transformer oil (mineral and natural ester), and copper are shown. Aging was carried out in various experiments at 150 °C, 160 °C, 170 °C, and 180 °C with dry (initial values ≤ 0.5%) and moistened cellulose insulation (initial values 3–3.5%). Following insulating oil and paper, degradation markers were measured: the degree of polymerization, tensile strength, furan derivates, methanol/ethanol, acidity, interfacial tension, and dissipation factor. It was found that the aging of cellulose insulation in cycles was 1.5–1.6 times faster in comparison to continuous aging, due to the more pronounced effect of hydrolytic mechanism in cyclic aging owing to the produced and absorbed water. Furthermore, it was observed that the high initial water content in cellulose increases the aging rate two to three times more than in the dry experimental setup. The proposed aging test in cycles can be used to achieve faster aging and to compare the quality of different insulating papers.

Purpose: The aim of this research work is to analyze and compare profitability performance of selected paper companies in India. Approach/Methodology/Design: An analytical study method is employed in this research work by relying on secondary data. In this research work 12 paper companies are selected as a sample based on their higher net sales and the study period are last10 financial years from 2012-13 to 2021-22. Ratio Analysis is used as an accounting tool in which six profitability ratios are employed. One-way ANOVA technique of parametric test is used as a statistical tool to identify the difference among sample means. Findings: The major finding of the research work indicates that in all the selected paper companies the profitability performance of shows fluctuating trend during the study period of 10 years. The overall performance was good and satisfactory in Satia Industries Ltd., JK paper Ltd., Seshasayee Paper and Board Ltd. and NR Agarwal Industries Ltd. and it was low and dissatisfactory in Orient Paper & Industries Ltd. and Astron Paper & Board Mill Ltd. for all the selected profitability ratio during the study period. The results of statistical test revealed that in gross profit ratio, operating profit ratio and return on assets ratio formulated null hypotheses are rejected and in net profit ratio, return on net worth ratio and return on capital employed ratio formulated null hypotheses are accepted. Originality/value: In this research work profitability analysis is carried out which is helpful to know the profitability performance of selected paper companies. The result would help investors to make right choice of investment in selected companies. It would also identify that how efficiently a business can generates profit and value for its shareholders from its sales or operations, shareholders' fund or balance sheet’s assets.

Currently, tissue product producers try to meet consumers’ requirements to retain their loyalty. In perforated products, such as toilet paper, these requirements involve the paper being portioned along the perforation line and not outside of it. Thus, it becomes necessary to enhance the behavior of the perforation line in perforated tissue papers. The current study aimed to verify if the perforation line for 0° (the solution found in commercial perforated products) is the best solution to maximize the perforation efficiency. A finite element (FE) simulation was used to validate the experimental data, where the deviations from the experiments were 5.2% for the case with a 4 mm perforation length and 8.8% for a perforation of 2 mm, and optimize the perforation efficiency using the genetic algorithm while considering two different cases. In the first case, the blank distance and the perforation line angle were varied, with the best configuration being achieved with a blank distance of 0.1 mm and an inclination angle of 0.56°. For the second case, the blank distance was fixed to 1.0 mm and the only variable to be optimized was the inclination angle of the perforation line. It was found that the best angle inclination was 0.67°. In both cases, it was verified that a slight inclination in the perforation line will favor partitioning and therefore the perforation efficiency.

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), due to its inherent nanometric scale and strength properties, can be considered as a good candidate to be used in papermaking. This work explored the possibility of using it in the production of fine paper as a wet-end component and for the paper coating. Filler-containing handsheet production was performed with and without the presence of common additives typically used in the furnish of office papers. It was found that, under optimized conditions, BNC mechanically treated by high-pressure homogenization could improve all the evaluated paper properties (mechanical, optical and structural) without impairing the filler retention. However, paper strength was improved only to a small extent (increase in the tensile index of 8% for a filler content of ca. 27.5%). On the other hand, when used at the paper surface, remarkable improvements in the gamut area of >25% in comparison to the base paper and of >40% in comparison to only-starch coated papers were achieved for a formulation having 50% BNC and 50% of carboxymethylcellulose. Overall, the present results highlight the possibility of using BNC as a paper component, particularly when applied at the paper substrate as a coating agent aiming at improving printing quality., Fundacão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal is acknowledged by SFRH/BDE/108095/2015 grant and Strategic Research Centre Project (UIDB/00102/2020). This work was also carried out under the Project Inpactus - innovative products and technologies from eucalyptus, Project N.º 21874 funded by Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of COMPETE 2020 nº246/AXIS II/2017, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In the research of the review of this creative and innovation area that can benefit community and nation. The review that had been picked in this research was the paper. The aim of this review is to explain about the advantages or the benefits of paper and also the used of the paper, also the improvement of the nation by the helps of the paper production and innovation. The methods that we going to describe in this review was the involvement of the paper production in many fields, such as for individuals, schools, medical centre and so on. There are a lot of information and new knowledges that we going to present and cite in this review. The conclusion of this article review was to be making sure that everyone knows the important and the properties of the paper in our country.

Vrsta študij ugotavlja, da likovne dejavnosti prispevajo k razvoju različnega znanja in spretnosti. Študij, ki bi empirično preverjale in dokazovale tovrstno napredovanje, je sicer manj, kar je tudi eden od razlogov udejanjanja naše raziskave. Pestrost likovnih dejavnosti je povezana z različnimi vrstami veščin, zato smo raziskovanje omejili na enega od najpogosteje uporabljanih materialov v predšolskem obdobju, tj. papir. Otroci se v vrtcu vsakodnevno srečujejo in rokujejo s papirjem. Z razvojem fine motorike otroci usvojijo prstne spretnosti, ki so potrebne za obdelavo papirja. To so mečkanje, pregibanje, trganje in uporaba orodij za obdelovanje papirja (škarje in šablona ali ravnilo) (Kurikulum za vrtce, 1999). Nekoliko kasneje k razvijanju drobnih gibov prispeva tudi rezanje in oblikovanje majhnih koščkov papirja. Pri tem imajo pomembno vlogo izkušnje in vaja. Slednja je najučinkovitejša, če je zasnovana v obliki igre. Papir so iz rastlinskih vlaken izdelovali že stari Kitajci, v Evropi pa ga poznamo od 9. stoletja naprej. Papir pridobivajo pretežno iz rastlinskih vlaken, katerim očistijo necelulozne sestavine. Uporaba papirja v likovnih delih je bolj vsestranska, kot si morda mislimo (Čadež-Lapajne, 1983). Vsaka likovna tehnika potrebuje primerno vrsto papirja. Seveda je pri tem pomembnih več lastnosti, od vpojnosti, gramature, pa vse do videza in teksture. Pred uporabo je pomembno, da poznamo osnovne značilnosti papirja. Pri nekaterih likovnih tehnikah pomembno vlogo igra tudi potek vlaken. To vpliva na zgibanje, trganje, rezanje in tudi zvijanje (Brodek, 2013). Akvarelni papir, recikliran papir, papir za origamije in prosojni papir so le nekatere vrste papirja, ki se med seboj precej razlikujejo. V vrtcu so sprva bolj prisotne preproste tehnike obdelovanja papirja, s katerimi razvijamo soročne spretnosti, kot so: mečkanje, trganje, gubanje in pregibanje, kasneje pa tudi rezanje, in lepljenje ter celo prebadanje, luknjanje in spenjanje. Pri rezanju, lepljenju, luknjanju in spenjanju za obdelavo potrebujemo orodja, medtem ko ostale tehnike izvajamo brez orodij. V vrtcu največkrat uporabljamo otroške škarje, škarje z vzorcem, luknjač, spenjač in različna ravnila oziroma šablone (Milčinovič, 1997). Otroške škarje se razlikujejo po velikosti, obliki držala, barvi, dolžini in obliki rezil (imajo zaobljeno rezilo), lahko so desnoročne ali levoročne, nekatere imajo pomagalo za odpiranje škarij, ki olajšajo uporabo. Otroci v vrtcu ravnila uporabljajo redkeje. Poleg klasičnega ravnila poznamo še trikotna ravnila in ravnila krivih oblik za risanje krivih črt. Če imajo ravnila na podlagi prazne prostore, namenjene risanju različnih likov in oblik, jim pravimo šablone. Pri risanju črt z ravnilom je pomembno, da držimo konico svinčnika tik ob stranici ravnila. Ta mora biti nagnjena v smeri, kamor vlečemo črto (Fošnarič, Slukan, Virtič, Puncer, 2004). S pomočjo luknjača v papirnatih gradivih izsekamo odprtino. Poznamo luknjače, s katerimi s pomočjo kladiva na trdi podlagi izsekamo luknjo, in tiste, ki so avtomatski (prav tam). Izbira spenjača je odvisna od števila listov papirja, ki jih želimo naenkrat speti. Namizni pisarniški spenjači lahko spnejo od 2 do 50 listov. Tudi ročni spenjači ali spenjalne klešče spnejo od 2 do 40 listov. Več listov pa lahko spnejo električni spenjači. Za odstranjevanje sponk iz spetega gradiva pa uporabljamo razpenjač. A number of studies have found that art activities contribute to the development of different skills. There are fewer studies that empirically test and prove this kind of progression, which is one of the reasons I decided to investigate it. The variety of art activities is linked to different types of skills, so I have limited my research to one of the most commonly used materials in the preschool period, i.e. paper. Children in kindergarten encounter and handle paper on a daily basis. As children develop fine motor skills, they acquire the finger skills necessary for working with paper: creasing, folding, tearing and the use of paper tools (scissors and a jig or ruler) (Kindergarten Curriculum, 1999). A little later, cutting and shaping small pieces of paper also contributes to the development of fine motor skills (Curriculum for Kindergarten, 1999). Experience and practice play an important role here. The latter is most effective if it is designed in the form of a game. Paper was made from plant fibres by the ancient Chinese and has been known in Europe since the 9th century. Paper is mainly made from plant fibres, which are stripped of their non-cellulosic components. The use of paper in fine art is more versatile than we might think (Čadež-Lapanje, 1983). Each artistic technique needs a suitable type of paper. Of course, several properties are important, from absorbency, grammage, to appearance and texture. Before using it, it is important to know the basic characteristics of the paper. In some fine art techniques, the fibre course also plays an important role. This influences folding, tearing, cutting and even curling (Brodek, 2013). Watercolour paper, recycled paper, origami paper and transparency paper are just some of the types of paper that differ considerably from each other. In kindergarten, simple papermaking techniques are more prevalent at first, which helps us develop related skills such as creasing, tearing, folding and creasing. Later, we develop cutting, gluing and even punching, hole-punching and stapling.Cutting, gluing, punching and stapling require tools, while the other techniques are carried out without tools. In kindergarten, children's scissors, pattern scissors, hole punch, stapler and various rulers or stencils are most commonly used (Milčinovič, 1997). Children's scissors vary in size, shape of handle, colour, length and shape of blades (they have a rounded blade). They can be right-handed or left-handed, and some have a scissor opening aid to make them easier to use. Rulers are less frequently used by children in kindergarten. Beside classic ruler, we also know triangular rulers and curved rulers for drawing curved lines. If rulers have blank spaces on the base for drawing different shapes and figures, they are called stencils. When drawing lines with a ruler, it is important to hold the tip of the pencil right against the side of the ruler. This should be inclined in the direction where the line is drawn (Fošnarič, Slukan, Virtič, Puncer 2004). Using a hole punch helps us to cut an opening in paper materials. There are punches that use a hammer to punch a hole in a hard substrate and those that are automatic (ibid.). The choice of stapler depends on the number of sheets of paper to be stapled at one time. Desktop office staplers can staple from 2 to 50 sheets. Manual staplers or staplers can also staple from 2 to 40 sheets. Electric staplers can staple more sheets. Paper clip remover are used to remove staples from stapled material.

Developing a convenient detection method for dopamine holds a significant incentive due to its high clinical significance. Herein, we synthesize crystalline MnOOH nanowires (MNWs) via a simple solvothermal treatment of KMnO4 and demonstrate that they possess excellent oxidase-like activity owing to the presence of pure Mn3+ sites on the MNWs. Particularly, MNWs catalyze the rapid oxidation of dopamine into aminochromes, which show a vivid brown color. The dopamine oxidase-like activity of MNWs follows the typical Michaelis–Mentenkinetics with excellent storage stability. Based on the affirmative catalytic features, a paper dipstick incorporating MNWs in the detection zone is constructed for the one-step colorimetric detection of target dopamine. By immersing the dipstick into the sample solution for 30 min, the sample spontaneously moves to the detection zone due to capillary force, yielding a brown color proportional to the amount of dopamine, which is quantified from an image acquired using a smartphone. With the MNW-containing solution-based assay and MNW-incorporated paper dipstick, dopamine is successfully determined with high selectivity, sensitivity, and detection precision when using spiked human serum and pharmaceutical dopamine injection samples, respectively. Successful analytical values such as the dynamic linear ranges of 3–60 μM and 0.05–7 mM are achieved with the solution-based assay and paper dipstick, respectively, along with excellent detection accuracy (95–99%) and precision (1.0–3.1%). Hence, we developed a simple and efficient nanozyme-based paper dipstick biosensor for dopamine that can be used in point-of-care testing environments.